British Renaissance Literature
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HI SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR CENTRE FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION M. A. Part-I Semester-I (Group-I : Paper E-1) British Renaissance Literature Semester-II (Group-I : Paper E-2) British Neoclassical and Romantic Literature (Academic Year 2018-19 onwards) KJ Copyright © Registrar, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. (Maharashtra) First Edition 2019 Second Edition 2019 Prescribed for M. A. Part-I All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form by mimeography or any other means without permission in writing from the Shivaji University, Kolhapur (MS) Copies : 700 Published by: Dr. V. D. Nandavadekar Registrar, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004 Printed by : Shri. B. P. Patil Superintendent, Shivaji University Press, Kolhapur-416 004 ISBN- 978-81-940444-5-1 # Further information about the Centre for Distance Education & Shivaji University may be obtained from the University Office at Vidyanagar, Kolhapur-416 004, India. # This material has been produced out of Developmental Grant from UGC, Distance Education Bureau, New Delhi. (ii) Centre for Distance Education Shivaji University, Kolhapur I ADVISORY COMMITTEE I Prof. (Dr.) D. B. Shinde Prof. (Dr.) P. S. Patil Vice-Chancellor, I/c. Dean, Faculty of Science and Shivaji University, Kolhapur Technology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur Prof. (Dr.) D. T. Shirke Prof. (Dr.) A. M. Gurav Pro-Vice-Chancellor, I/c. Dean, Faculty of Commerce and Shivaji University, Kolhapur Management, Shivaji University, Kolhapur Prof. (Dr.) M. M. Salunkhe Prof. (Dr.) P. D. Raut Former Hob’ble Vice-Chancellor, I/c. Dean, Faculty of Inter Disciplinary Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open Studies, Shivaji University, Kolhapur University, Nashi. Dr. V. D. Nandavadekar Prof. (Dr.) K. S. Rangappa Registrar, Former Hon’ble Vice-Chancellor, Shivaji University, Kolhapur University of Mysore Shri. G. R. Palase Prof. P. Prakash I/c Director, Board of Examinations and Additional Secretary, Valuation, Shivaji University, Kolhapur Distance Education Bureau, Shri. V. T. Patil University Grants Commission, New-Delhi. Finance and Accounts Officer, Prof. (Dr.) Cima Yeole Shivaji University, Kolhapur Git Govind, Flat No. 2, Prof. (Dr.) M. A. Anuse 1139 Sykes Extension, (Member Secretary) Director, Kolhapur-416001 Centre for Distance Education, Dr. Smt. Bharti T. Patil Shivaji University, Kolhapur. I/c. Dean, Faculty of Humanities, Shivaji University, Kolhapur I SUBJECT COORDINATION COMMITTEE : ENGLISH I Chairman- Prof. (Dr.) P. A. Attar Former Head, Dept. of English, Shivaji University, Kolhapur G Dr. Smt. V. K. Karikatti G Dr. S. B. Bhambar Dept. of English, Tukaram Krushnaji Kolekar Arts and Shivaji University, Kolhapur Commerce College, Nesri, Tal. Gadhinglaj, Dist. Kolhapur (iii) I B. O. S. MEMBERS OF ENGLISH I Chairman- Dr. S. B. Bhambar Tukaram Krishnaji Kolekar Arts and Commerce College, Nesari, Tal. Gadhinglaj, Dist. Kolhapur G Dr. Akshay Sarvade, G Dr. Rajandra Satyasheel Ponde Department of English, Willingdon College, Vishrambag, Sangli Shivaji University, Kolhapur G Prof. (Dr.) Bhagvan S. Jadhav G Dr. M. R. Patil Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada Dr. Ghali College, Gadhinglaj, University, Nanded Dist, Kolhapur G Prof. (Dr.) Jayprakash A. Shinde G Dr. Smt. Prabhavati Arvind Patil Professor Former Head, Vivekanand College, Kolhapur Department of English, Shivaji University, Kolhapur G Dr. Sunil Patil Arts & Commerce College, Kasegaon, G Shri. Sadashiv Pandu Chougule Tal. Walwa, Dist. Sangli S. B. Khade Mahavidyalaya, Koparde, Tal. Karveer, Dist. Kolhapur G Dr. Prashant Kamble Rajarshi Shahu Arts & Commerce College, G Dr. Sudhir Nikam Rukadi, Tal. Hatkanangale, Dist. Kolhapur B. N. N. College, Bhiwandi, Thane-421305. G Dr. Namdev Pandurang Khavare Hon. Shri. Annasaheb Dange Arts, Commerce & Science College, Hatkanangale, Dist. Kolhapur (iv) PREFACE Dear Students, This book of Self Instructional Material (SIM) on Elective Course on British Literature – E1 (Sem.- I) and E2 (Sem.- II) viz. ‘British Renaissance Literature’ and ‘British Neoclassical and Romantic Literature’ contains four units for each semester. The units for the first semester are prescribed on Essays, Drama (Tragedy), Epic and Poetry; while for the second semester on Drama (Comedy), Fiction, and Poetry. The SIM covers all the topics prescribed for this course on British Literature. All the units are written by the teachers keeping in mind the students who are seeking education through distance mode. The units are structured as per the SIM structure given by CDE, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Each unit begins with Objectives and followed by the sections like Introduction, Check Your Progress, Exercises and Key to Check Your Progress. The language used in the units is simple as the units are meant for the students. The students are expected to read the SIM units on their own and solve the questions given in the sections ‘Check Your Progress’. You may take help of the section ‘Glossary’ during your study if you have difficulty in understanding certain words/concepts. If you have any problems while reading regarding the understanding of the contentsin the units, you may ask the queries during contact sessions in the Study Centre allotted to you. We hope these units will prove helpful to you performing better in the examinations. As the Editors, we are thankful to the BOS in English, Shivaji University, Kolhapur and, the officials and staff of the Centre for Distance Education for their constant support and unconditional cooperation. The Editors (v) Centre for Distance Education British Renaissance Literature Shivaji University, British Neoclassical and Romantic Literature Kolhapur. M. A. Part-I English Group-I, Paper-E1 & E2 Writing Team Author’s Name Unit No Semester-I Semester-II Paper-E1 Paper-E2 Dr. P. M. Patil 1 -- Arts, Commerce and Science College, Palus Dr. Anil Sanatram Sugate 2 -- Smt. Mathubai Garware Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Sangli Prof. (Dr.) Satish Ghatge 3 -- Kakasaheb Chavan College, Talmavale, Tal. Patan, Dist. Satara Dr. N. P. Khavare 4 -- Hon. Shri Annasaheb Dange Arts, Commerce and Science College, Hatkanangale Dr. Prashantkumar Kamble -- 1 Rajarshi Shahu Arts and Commerce College, Rukdi Mr. Digambar S. Kulkarni -- 2 Hon. Shri. Annasaheb Dange ACS College, Hatkanangale Dr. A. D. Joshi -- 3 Sadashivrao Mandlik Mahavidyalaya, Murgud Smt. Vaijayanta Patil -- 4 Jaywant Mahavidyalaya, Ichalkaranji, Dist. Kolhapur I Editors I Prof. (Dr.) Satish Ghatage Dr. N. P. Khavare Kakasaheb Chavan College, Hon. Shri Annasaheb Dange Arts, Talmavale, Tal. Patan, Dist. Satara Commerce and Science College, Hatkanangale, Dist. Kolhapur (vi) INDEX Unit No. Topic Page No. Semester-I : Paper-E1 1. British Renaissance : Intellectual Background 1 Francis Bacon's Selected Essays 2. King Lear - William Shakespeare 46 3. Epic Tradition - Paradise Lost (Book I) - John Milton 110 4. Elizabethan and Metaphysical Poetry (Selected Poems) 131 Semester-II : Paper-E2 1. The Way of the World - William Congreve 171 2. Gulliver's Travels (Book I & II) - Jonathan Swift 205 3. Pride and Prejudice - Jane Austen 238 4. Neoclassical and Romantic Poetry (Selected Poems) 273 (vii) Each Unit begins with the section objectives - Objectives are directive and indicative of : 1. what has been presented in the unit, 2. what is expected from you, and 3. what are you expected to know pertaining to the specific unit, once you have completed working on the unit. The self-check exercises with possible answers will help you understand the unit in the right perspective. Go through the possible answers only after you write your answers. These exercises are not to be submitted to us for evaluation. They have been provided to you as study tools to keep you in the right track as you study the unit. Dear Students, The SIM is simply a supporting material for the study of this paper. It is also advised to see the new syllabus 2017-18 and study the reference books and other related material for the detailed study of the paper. (viii) Unit-1 British Renaissance : Intellectual Background Francis Bacon's Selected Essays Contents: 1.0 Objectives 1.1 British Renaissance: Background 1.2 Subject Matter 1.2.1 Francis Bacon: Bio-literary Profile 1.2.2. Francis Bacon’s Selected Essays 1.3 Characteristics of Bacon’s Essays 1.4 Summary 1.5 Check Your Progress 1.6 Terms to Remember 1.7 Answers to Check Your Progress 1.8 Further Exercises 1.9 References 1.0 Objectives: After studying this unit you will be able to understand: • The meaning, features and background of the Renaissance. • Francis Bacon and his bio-literary profile. • Bacon as an essayist with morality, philosophy and practical wisdom. • Bacon as glorious product of the Renaissance. 1 • Bacon’s views regarding truth, death, revenge, adversity and prosperity, married life and single life, parents and children, love, envy, nobility, unity in religion, goodness, traveling, atheism, superstition, simulation and dissimulation etc. • Features of Bacon’s Essays. 1.1 British Renaissance: Background The Renaissance was the whole process whereby Europe passed from a medieval to a modern civilization. The Renaissance represented the fructifying of the human mind through contact with the classical world of Greece and Rome. It was the ‘revival of learning’, and especially of the study of Greek, which first weakened the rigid convention of the middle Ages. The fall of Constantinople in 1453 and the invention of printing have each been chosen as the decisive event marking the transition. The Renaissance is a French word which means re-birth, revival, flourished or re-awakening . The Renaissance was both a revival of ancient classical mythology, literature and culture as well as re-awakening of the human mind, after the long sleep of the Middle Ages. In the words of M.H. Abrams, 'the birth of modern world out the ashes of the dark ages'. With the capture of Constantinople by Turks, the Greek scholars fled for safety. Most of them came to Italy and started their studies afresh. This is known as 'New Learning or Renaissance'. The movement spread over European countries. England also came under the impact of Renaissance. Renaissance movement broadened the outlook of the people.