DOCSLIB.ORG

A List of Birds for Unrestricted Entry Into the United States

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A List of Birds for Unrestricted Entry Into the United States A List of Birds for Unrestricted Entry into the United States by Michael Cunningham and Joseph Griffith (AFA 's recommended list of low-risk birds as presented to the Department of the Interior.) The following is a list of birds by order and family SPHENISCIFORMES: Penguins for unrestricted entry into the United States. Where Spheniscidae Penguins there is a considered need to regulate orders, families, genera or species, they are so noted. PROCELLARIIFORMES: Tube-nosed Swimmers It can be said that there is not sufficient information Diomedeidae Albatrosses Procellariidae Shearwaters available on the majority of birds that have not been Hydrobatidae Storm Petrels included in previous lists to justify their entry on an Pe/ecanoididae Diving Petrels unrestricted basis. The identical argument can be made PELECANIFORMES: Pelicans and Allies for the birds that have been included on such lists. Phaethontidae Tropic-birds There is not enough information on any birds to make Pelecanidae Pelicans a clear judgment. The list below takes note of those Phalacrocoracidae Cormorants Anhingidae Anhingas birds that present a greater potential risk than others. Sulidae Boobies In addition to the birds occuring on the list, pro­ Fregatidae Frigate-birds vision should be made to allow the unrestricted entry CICONIIFORMES: Herons and Allies of all phenotypic mutations and all hybrids. Muta­ Ardeidae Herons tions are of great value to the breeder and would be Cochleariidae Boatbill Herons subjected to heavy pressure from predators should Balaenicipitidae Shoe-billed Stork they escape confinement, not to mention the genetic Scopidae Hammerhead Ciconiidae Storks weaknesses that accompany many mutations. The Threskiornithidae Ibises majority of hybrids would present no threat since Phoenicopoteridae Flamingos they are sterile. Fertile hybrids would have to find ANSERIFORMES: Ducks, Geese and Swans others, or members of one of its parent stocks and this Anhimidae Screamers is most unlikely. Anatidae Ducks, Geese and Swans No provision has been made for Endangered Species. F ALCONIFORMES: Birds of Prey There are a number of tnese being bred in captivity; captive bred stock out-weighing wild populations in Because of the extreme delicacy of the niches occupied by most of the birds of prey, and because of their rapid desertion of habitats when many cases. It is proper that these birds should be encroached upon by man, there is a need to regulate all of the falconi­ sold or traded to those who are interested in them. formes. No zoo, organization or person should be allowed to import these birds except for a captive breeding program. Further, if the department shows a sufficient spirit of cooperation, breeders in this country would be more than willing to help with a survey that will GALLIFORMES: Fowl-like Birds clearly establish the captive status of Endangered Entry is already regulated by the USDA. Experimental introduction by Birds. any agency or person should be stopped. The tentative list of birds for unrestricted entry GRUIFORMES: Cranes, Rails and Allies omits all of the nectar feeding birds of the world, as Mesitornithidae Mesitae well as all but one of the tanagers. It is difficult to Turnicidae Hemipodes Gruidae Cranes imagine any of the nectar feeding families of birds as Armidae Limpkin being injurious, rather, one would think of them as Psophiidae Trumpeters Rallidae Rails, Gallinules and Coots beneficial; assuming that they would be able to sur­ Heliornithidae Finfoots vive in the United States, exclusive of Hawaii. Rhynochetidae Kagu Cariamidae Seriemas STRUTHIONIFORMES: Ostriches Eurypygidae Sun bittern Otidae Bustards Struthionidae Ostriches CHARADRIIFORMES: Shorebirds, Gulls and Auks RHEIFORMES: Rheas Jacanidae Jacanas Rheidae Rheas Rostratulidae Painted Snipes Haematopodidae Oystercatchers CASSUARIIFORMES: Cassowaries, Emus Charadriidae Plovers and Lapwings Scolopacidae Sandpipers and Allies Cassuariidae Recurvirostridae Stilts and Avocets Cassowaries Phalaropodidae Dromiceidae Emus Phalaropes Dromadidae Crab Plover TINAMIFORMES: Tinarnous Burhinidae Stone Curlews Glareolidae Coursers and Pratincoles Tinamidae Thinocoridae Seedsnipes Tinamous Chionididae Sheath bills PODICIPEDIFORMES: Grebes Stercorariidae Sku as and 1eagers Laridae Gulls and Terns Podicipedidae Rhynchopidae Skimmers Grebes Alcidae Auks and Allies GA VII FORMES: Loons PTEROCLIFORMES: Sandgrouse Gaviidae Loons Pteroclidae Sandgrouse 18 COLUMBIFORMES: Pigeons and Doves Oxyruncidae Sharp bills Pittidae Pittas Co/umbidae Pigeons and Doves A canthisittidae New Zealand Wrens Philepittidae Asities, False Sunbirds PSITTACIFORMES: Parrots Menuridae Lyre birds A trichornithidae Scrub-birds These birds fall under the jurisdiction of the Department of Health and Alaudidae Larks Welfare. Hirundinidae Swallows and Martins Campephagidae Cuckoo-Shrikes and Minivets CUCULIFORMES: Cuckoos and Allies Regulate the genera Pterodocys and Coracina. These are the most shrike-like of this family. Musophagidae Mouracos Cuculidae Cuckoos, Anis, Roadrunners and Dicruridae Drongos Coucals This entire family of large aggressive birds should be regulated. All of the parasitic cuckoos of the subfamily Cuculinae, the ground­ cuckoos (Neomorphinae) and the Coucals (Centropodinac) should be Oriolidae Old World Orioles regulated. The first because they are parasitic and the latter two be­ Corvidae Crows, Jays, and Magpies cause they are predatory. The remaining two subfamilies (Phoenico­ All of these birds should be regulated. phaeinae and Crotophaginae) should have unlimited entry. Cal/aeidae Wattlebirds STRIGIFORMES: Owls Grallinidae Mudnest-builders Cracticidae Butcherbirds and Bellmagpies The remarks about Diurnal Birds of Prey should apply to this order. No Although already controlled by the Australian government, these birds zoo, institution or individual should be allowed to import owls, except should be regulated. for captive breeding purposes. Ptilonorhynchidae Bowerbirds CAPRIMULGIFORMES: Goatsuckers Paradisaeidae Birds of Paradise Paridae Titmice Steatornithidae Oil bird The genus Parus should be regulated because of the possibility of Podargidae Frogmouths hybridization with native Parids. Nyctibiidae Potoos Aegothelidae Owlet-frogmou ths Certhiidae Creepers Caprimulgidae Nightjars Sittidae Nuthatches and Allies Timaliidae Babblers and Allies APODIFORMES: Swifts and Hunningbirds The genus Garrulax should be regulated. Apodidae Swifts Pycnonotidae Bulbuls Hemiprocnidae Crested Swifts Chloropseidae Leafbirds and Allies Trochilidae Hummingbirds Cinclidae Dippers Troglodytidae Wrens TROGONIFORMES: Trogons Mimidae Thrashers and Mockingbirds Turdidae Thrushes Trogonidae Trogons The genus Turdus should be regulated because of the possibility of hybridization. COLIIFORMES: Mousebirds Sylviidae Old World Warblers Coliidae Colies Muscicapidae Old World Flycatchers Prunellidae Accen tors CORACIIFORMES: Kingfishers and Allies Motacillidae Pipits and Wagtails Bombycillidae Waxwings and Allies Coraciiformes Kingfishers Artamidae Wood-Swallows These birds are verv predatory and may well cause problems if acci­ Vangidae Vanga-Shrikes dentally introduced: This family should be regulated because there is no point in introducing (even accidentally) additional predators to the environment. Todidae Todies Momotidae Motmots Laniidae Shrikes Meropidae Bee-eaters As with the preceding family, there is no point in introducing predators Coraciidae Rollers to the environment. This family is also aggressive and should be regulated. Sturnidae Starlings The genera Sturn us and Acridotheres should be regulated. Upupidae Hoopoes and Woodhooes Bucerotidae Horn bills Meliphagidae Honeyeaters Nectariniidae Sunbirds PICIFORMES: Woodpeckers and Allies Dicaeidae Flowerpeckers Zosteropidae White-Eyes Capitonidae Barbets There has been some discussion to the effect that Zosterops might com­ Jndicatoridae Honeyguides pete with native Vireos. Where these birds have managed to invade Ga/bulidae J acamars islands, they have entered habitats with niches vacant. There is little Bucconidae Puffbirds likelihood that they would be able to compete with a continental Ramphastidae Toucans population. Picidae ·Woodpeckers, Wrynecks, Piculets The genus Dendroscopus should be regulated. One may assume that Vireonidae Vireos their ecological niches are already filled in this country, but the danger Drepanididae Hawaiian Honeycreepers lies in the very real possibility that they could hybridize with native Parulidae Wood Warblers birds of the same genus. Jcteridae Troupials and Allies The parasitic genera Molothus and Scaphidura should be regulated. PASSERIFORMES: Perching Birds Thraupidae Tanagers Eurylaimidae Broad bills It is noteworthy that the Department of the Interior considers only one Dendroco/aptidae Woodcreepers species of this entire family non-injurious. Surely this is an error. Furnariidae Ovenbirds Formicariidae Ant birds Fringillidae (includes Emberizinae) New World Seedeaters Conopophagidae Antpipits Ploceidae (includes Estrildinae) Old World Seedeaters Rhinocryptidae Tapaculos Of these, the genera Quelea and Padda should be regulated, because of Cotingidae Cotingas the crop damage they do in their native ranges. The species Erythrura Pipridae Manak ins parasina falls into the same category. The species Carpodacus erythrinus Tyrannidae Tyrant Flycatchers should be regulated. This bird is rapidly extending its range into western Phytotomidae Pian tcu tters Europe and it would seem to be as adaptable as C. mexican us • 19 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Baker2009chap58.Pdf
    Ratites and tinamous (Paleognathae) Allan J. Baker a,b,* and Sérgio L. Pereiraa the ratites (5). Here, we review the phylogenetic relation- aDepartment of Natural Histor y, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s ships and divergence times of the extant clades of ratites, Park Crescent, Toronto, ON, Canada; bDepartment of Ecology and the extinct moas and the tinamous. Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Longstanding debates about whether the paleognaths *To whom correspondence should be addressed (allanb@rom. are monophyletic or polyphyletic were not settled until on.ca) phylogenetic analyses were conducted on morphological characters (6–9), transferrins (10), chromosomes (11, 12), Abstract α-crystallin A sequences (13, 14), DNA–DNA hybrid- ization data (15, 16), and DNA sequences (e.g., 17–21). The Paleognathae is a monophyletic clade containing ~32 However, relationships among paleognaths are still not species and 12 genera of ratites and 46 species and nine resolved, with a recent morphological tree based on 2954 genera of tinamous. With the exception of nuclear genes, characters placing kiwis (Apterygidae) as the closest rela- there is strong molecular and morphological support for tives of the rest of the ratites (9), in agreement with other the close relationship of ratites and tinamous. Molecular morphological studies using smaller data sets ( 6–8, 22). time estimates with multiple fossil calibrations indicate that DNA sequence trees place kiwis in a derived clade with all six families originated in the Cretaceous (146–66 million the Emus and Cassowaries (Casuariiformes) (19–21, 23, years ago, Ma). The radiation of modern genera and species 24).
    [Show full text]
  • Onetouch 4.0 Scanned Documents
    / Chapter 2 THE FOSSIL RECORD OF BIRDS Storrs L. Olson Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC. I. Introduction 80 II. Archaeopteryx 85 III. Early Cretaceous Birds 87 IV. Hesperornithiformes 89 V. Ichthyornithiformes 91 VI. Other Mesozojc Birds 92 VII. Paleognathous Birds 96 A. The Problem of the Origins of Paleognathous Birds 96 B. The Fossil Record of Paleognathous Birds 104 VIII. The "Basal" Land Bird Assemblage 107 A. Opisthocomidae 109 B. Musophagidae 109 C. Cuculidae HO D. Falconidae HI E. Sagittariidae 112 F. Accipitridae 112 G. Pandionidae 114 H. Galliformes 114 1. Family Incertae Sedis Turnicidae 119 J. Columbiformes 119 K. Psittaciforines 120 L. Family Incertae Sedis Zygodactylidae 121 IX. The "Higher" Land Bird Assemblage 122 A. Coliiformes 124 B. Coraciiformes (Including Trogonidae and Galbulae) 124 C. Strigiformes 129 D. Caprimulgiformes 132 E. Apodiformes 134 F. Family Incertae Sedis Trochilidae 135 G. Order Incertae Sedis Bucerotiformes (Including Upupae) 136 H. Piciformes 138 I. Passeriformes 139 X. The Water Bird Assemblage 141 A. Gruiformes 142 B. Family Incertae Sedis Ardeidae 165 79 Avian Biology, Vol. Vlll ISBN 0-12-249408-3 80 STORES L. OLSON C. Family Incertae Sedis Podicipedidae 168 D. Charadriiformes 169 E. Anseriformes 186 F. Ciconiiformes 188 G. Pelecaniformes 192 H. Procellariiformes 208 I. Gaviiformes 212 J. Sphenisciformes 217 XI. Conclusion 217 References 218 I. Introduction Avian paleontology has long been a poor stepsister to its mammalian counterpart, a fact that may be attributed in some measure to an insufRcien- cy of qualified workers and to the absence in birds of heterodont teeth, on which the greater proportion of the fossil record of mammals is founded.
    [Show full text]
  • Compendium of Avian Ecology
    Compendium of Avian Ecology ZOL 360 Brian M. Napoletano All images taken from the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/infocenter.html Taxonomic information based on the A.O.U. Check List of North American Birds, 7th Edition, 1998. Ecological Information obtained from multiple sources, including The Sibley Guide to Birds, Stokes Field Guide to Birds. Nest and other images scanned from the ZOL 360 Coursepack. Neither the images nor the information herein be copied or reproduced for commercial purposes without the prior consent of the original copyright holders. Full Species Names Common Loon Wood Duck Gaviiformes Anseriformes Gaviidae Anatidae Gavia immer Anatinae Anatini Horned Grebe Aix sponsa Podicipediformes Mallard Podicipedidae Anseriformes Podiceps auritus Anatidae Double-crested Cormorant Anatinae Pelecaniformes Anatini Phalacrocoracidae Anas platyrhynchos Phalacrocorax auritus Blue-Winged Teal Anseriformes Tundra Swan Anatidae Anseriformes Anatinae Anserinae Anatini Cygnini Anas discors Cygnus columbianus Canvasback Anseriformes Snow Goose Anatidae Anseriformes Anatinae Anserinae Aythyini Anserini Aythya valisineria Chen caerulescens Common Goldeneye Canada Goose Anseriformes Anseriformes Anatidae Anserinae Anatinae Anserini Aythyini Branta canadensis Bucephala clangula Red-Breasted Merganser Caspian Tern Anseriformes Charadriiformes Anatidae Scolopaci Anatinae Laridae Aythyini Sterninae Mergus serrator Sterna caspia Hooded Merganser Anseriformes Black Tern Anatidae Charadriiformes Anatinae
    [Show full text]
  • Type Specimens of Birds in the Collections of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
    MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NO. 174 Type Specimens of Birds in the Collections of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Robert W. Storer Museum of Zoology and Department of Biology The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48 109-1079 Ann Arbor MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN July 6, 1988 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NO. 174 The publications of the Museum of Zoology, The University of Michigan, consist of two series-the Occasional Papers and the Miscellaneous Publications. Both series were founded by Dr. Bryant Walker, Mr. Bradshaw H. Swales, and Dr. W. W. Newcomb. The Occasional Papers, initiated in 1913, serve as a medium for original studies based principally upon the collections in the Museum. They are issued separately. When a sufficient number of pages has been printed to make a volume, the Museum will supply a title page, table of contents, and an index to libraries and individuals on the mailing list for the series. The Miscellaneous Publications, which include papers on field and museum techniques, monographic studies, and other contributions not within the scope of Occasional Papers, were established in 1916 and are published separately. It is not intended that they be grouped into volumes. Each number has a title page and, when necessary, a table of contents. A complete list of publications on Birds, Fishes, Insects, Mammals, Mollusks, and Reptiles and Amphibians is available. Address inquiries to the Director, Museum of Zoology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1079. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NO.
    [Show full text]
  • Occasional Cooperative Breeding in Birds and the Robustness Of
    Griesser and Suzuki Zoological Letters (2016) 2:7 DOI 10.1186/s40851-016-0041-8 REVIEW Open Access Occasional cooperative breeding in birds and the robustness of comparative analyses concerning the evolution of cooperative breeding Michael Griesser1,2* and Toshitaka N. Suzuki2 Abstract Cooperative breeding is a widespread and intense form of cooperation, in which individuals help raise offspring that are not their own. This behaviour is particularly well studied in birds, using both long-term and comparative studies that have provided insights into the evolution of reproductive altruism. In most cooperatively breeding species, helpers are offspring that remain with their parents beyond independency and help in the raising of younger siblings. However, many cooperatively breeding species are poorly studied, and in 152 species, this behaviour only has been observed infrequently (i.e., occasional cooperative breeding). Here we argue that the parental care mode of these 152 species needs to be treated with caution, as factors associated with occasional cooperative breeding may differ from those associated with “regular” cooperative breeding. In most cooperatively breeding species, helpers provide alloparental care at the nests of their parents or close relatives; however, only in one occasionally cooperatively breeding species dooffspringremainintothenextbreedingseasonwiththeirparents. Accordingly, different factors are likely to be associated with regular and occasional cooperative breeding. The latter behaviour resembles interspecific feeding (i.e., individuals feed offspring of another species), which occurs when birds lose their brood and begin feeding at a nearby nest, or when birds mistakenly feed at another nest. Thus, we advise researchers to exclude occasional cooperative breeders in comparative analyses until their status is clarified, or to categorize them separately or according to the typically observed parental care mode.
    [Show full text]
  • The Birds of Serra Da Canastra National Park and Adjacent Areas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
    COT/NGA 10 The birds of Serra da Canastra National Park and adjacent areas, Minas Gerais, Brazil Lufs Fabio Silveira E apresentada uma listagem da avifauna do Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra e regi6es pr6ximas, e complementada corn observac;:6es realizadas por outros autores. Sao relatadas algumas observac;:6es sobre especies ameac;:adas ou pouco conhecidas, bem como a extensao de distribuic;:ao para outras. Introduction corded with photographs or tape-recordings, using Located in the south-west part of Minas Gerais a Sony TCM 5000EV and Sennheiser ME 66 direc­ state, south-east Brazil, Serra da Canastra Na­ tional microphone. Tape-recordings are deposited 8 9 tional Park (SCNP, 71,525 ha , 20°15'S 46°37'W) is at Arquivo Sonora Elias Pacheco Coelho, in the regularly visited by birders as it is a well-known Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil area in which to see cerrado specialities and a site (ASEC). for Brazilian Merganser Mergus octosetaceus. How­ A problem with many avifaunal lists concerns ever, Forrester's6 checklist constitutes the only the evidence of a species' presence in a given area. major compilation ofrecords from the area. Here, I Many species are similar in plumage and list the species recorded at Serra da Canastra Na­ vocalisations, resulting in identification errors and tional Park and surrounding areas (Appendix 1), making avifaunal lists the subject of some criti­ 1 with details of threatened birds and range exten­ cism . Several ornithologists or experienced birders sions for some species. have presented such lists without specifying the evidence attached to each record-in many cases Material and methods it is unknown if a species was tape-recorded, or a The dominant vegetation of Serra da Canastra specimen or photograph taken.
    [Show full text]
  • BIO 456/585 Fall 2015 Ornithology UNCW ORDERS and FAMILIES
    BIO 456/585 Fall 2015 Ornithology UNCW ORDERS AND FAMILIES OF BIRDS The following is a list of nearly all Orders of birds, but not all North American families. This classification will be used in this course, but you will see different classifications in the literature. You will be expected to know all the orders and families shown here. This list follows the American Ornithologists’ Union (A.O.U.) 1998 classification plus supplements since that time. Superorder Palaeognathae (ratites) Struthioniformes Struthionidae – ostriches Rheiformes Rheidae – rheas Casuariiformes Casuariidae – emus and cassowaries Dinornithiformes Apterygidae – kiwis Tinamiformes Tinamidae – tinamous Superorder Neognathae Gaviiformes Gaviidae – loons Podicipediformes Podicipedidae – grebes Procellariformes Diomedeidae – albatrosses Procellaridae – shearwaters, fulmars, and petrels Hydrobatidae – storm-petrels Sphenisciformes Spheniscidae – penguins Pelecaniformes Sulidae – boobies and gannets Pelecanidae – pelicans Phalacrocoracidae – cormorants Anhingidae – anhingas Fregatidae – frigatebirds Ciconiiformes Ardeidae – herons and bitterns Threskiornithidae – ibises and spoonbills Ciconiidae – storks Cathartidae (Vulturidae) – vultures Phoenicopteriformes Phoenicopteridae – flamingos Anseriformes Anatidae – swans, geese, ducks Falconiformes (Accipitriformes) Accipitridae – kites, eagles, hawks Falconidae – caracaras and falcons Galliformes Phasianidae – grouse, turkey, and pheasants Odontophoridae – New World quail Gruiformes Rallidae – rails Gruidae – cranes Charadriiformes
    [Show full text]
  • The Bony Palate of Birds. Part I the Palaeognathae
    520 McDowaLL,Bony Palate of Birds [AukLOct. MIRANDA RIBEIRO, PAULO DE 1929. Da nidifica•o de Chaetura½inereiventris. Bol. Mus. Nac. [Rio], 4: 101-105. RIDGWAY, R. 1911. The birds of North and Middle America. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 50 (5): 684. Stcx, H. 1947a. O ninho de Panyptila cayennehals(Gmelin) e algumas observag6escom- pilat6rias s6bre a ecologiade outros andorinh6esBrasileiros. Rev. Bras. Biologla, 7: 219-246. 1947b. The nesting of Reinarda squamata(Cassin). The Auk, 65 (2): 169-174, pl. 6. WI•)-N•vw•), Paz•z Mix. zv 1821. Reise nach Brasilien, 2: ?$. 1850. Beitraege zur Kenntnls der Vogelwelt Brasiliens,5: 347-$51. Fu•da•5o Brasil Ceutral Av. Nilo Pelauha 25 Rio de Jauei•o, Brazil THE BONY PALATE OF BIRDS. PART I THE PALAEOGNATHAE BY SAM MCDOWELL Tins is the first in a seriesof papers in which the author intends to describe the osteologyof the known birds with the end in mind of throwing morelight on their highersystematics. I have chosenas my first topic the bony palate becauseof the stresslaid upon this part of the avian skeletonfrom Cornay to the present in the classification of birds. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author is deeply indebted to Dr. Ernst Mayr of the American Museum of Natural History for his generousencouragement and wise advice;to Dr. GeorgeGaylord Simpson,Curator of FossilMammals and Birds of the same institution, for his invaluable suggestionsand commentaries on the preliminary draft of this paper; to Mr. R. deSchauenseeand Mr. James Bond of the Academy of Natural Sciencesof Philadelphiafor generouslyallowing the author the use of the Academy's skeletal material; to Messrs.
    [Show full text]
  • BIRDS of BOLIVIA UPDATED SPECIES LIST (Version 03 June 2020) Compiled By: Sebastian K
    BIRDS OF BOLIVIA UPDATED SPECIES LIST (Version 03 June 2020) https://birdsofbolivia.org/ Compiled by: Sebastian K. Herzog, Scientific Director, Asociación Armonía ([email protected]) Status codes: R = residents known/expected to breed in Bolivia (includes partial migrants); (e) = endemic; NB = migrants not known or expected to breed in Bolivia; V = vagrants; H = hypothetical (observations not supported by tangible evidence); EX = extinct/extirpated; IN = introduced SACC = South American Classification Committee (http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm) Background shading = Scientific and English names that have changed since Birds of Bolivia (2016, 2019) publication and thus differ from names used in the field guide BoB Synonyms, alternative common names, taxonomic ORDER / FAMILY # Status Scientific name SACC English name SACC plate # comments, and other notes RHEIFORMES RHEIDAE 1 R 5 Rhea americana Greater Rhea 2 R 5 Rhea pennata Lesser Rhea Rhea tarapacensis , Puna Rhea (BirdLife International) TINAMIFORMES TINAMIDAE 3 R 1 Nothocercus nigrocapillus Hooded Tinamou 4 R 1 Tinamus tao Gray Tinamou 5 H, R 1 Tinamus osgoodi Black Tinamou 6 R 1 Tinamus major Great Tinamou 7 R 1 Tinamus guttatus White-throated Tinamou 8 R 1 Crypturellus cinereus Cinereous Tinamou 9 R 2 Crypturellus soui Little Tinamou 10 R 2 Crypturellus obsoletus Brown Tinamou 11 R 1 Crypturellus undulatus Undulated Tinamou 12 R 2 Crypturellus strigulosus Brazilian Tinamou 13 R 1 Crypturellus atrocapillus Black-capped Tinamou 14 R 2 Crypturellus variegatus
    [Show full text]
  • The Mechanics of Terrestrial Locomotion and the Function and Evolutionary History Of
    The Mechanics of Terrestrial Locomotion and the Function and Evolutionary History of Head-bobbing in Birds A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Jennifer Ann Hancock August 2010 © 2010 Jennifer Ann Hancock. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled The Mechanics of Terrestrial Locomotion and the Function and Evolutionary History of Head-bobbing in Birds by JENNIFER ANN HANCOCK has been approved for the Department of Biological Sciences and the College of Arts and Sciences by ___________________________________________ Audrone R. Biknevicius Associate Professor of Biomedical Sciences ___________________________________________ Benjamin M. Ogles Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT Hancock, Jennifer Ann, Ph.D., August 2010, Biological Sciences The Mechanics of Terrestrial Locomotion and the Function and Evolutionary History of Head-bobbing in Birds (194 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Audrone R. Biknevicius Head-bobbing is the fore-aft movement of the head exhibited by some birds during terrestrial locomotion. It is primarily considered to be a response to enhance vision. This has led some researchers to hypothesize that head-bobbing should be found in birds that are visual foragers and may be correlated with the morphology of the retina. In contrast, other researchers suggest that head-bobbing is mechanically linked to the locomotor system and that its visual functions are secondarily adapted. This dissertation explored the mechanics of terrestrial locomotion and head- bobbing of birds in both the lab and field. In the lab, the kinetics and kinematics of terrestrial locomotion in the Elegant Crested Tinamous (Eudromia elegans) were analyzed using high-speed videography and ground reaction forces.
    [Show full text]
  • Rheiformes ~ Tinamiformes ~ Apterygiformes ~ Casuariiformes
    Birds of the World part 1 Paleognaths PALAEOGNATHAE • ORDER STRUTHIONIFORMES – Family Struthionidae – ostriches (2 species) • ORDER RHEIFORMES – Family Rheidae – rheas (2 species) • ORDER TINAMIFORMES – Family Tinamidae – tinamous (47 species) • ORDER APTERYGIFORMES – Family Apterygidae – kiwis (5 species) • ORDER CASUARIIFORMES – Family Casuariidae – cassowaries (3 species) – Family Dromaiidae – emu (1 species) PALAEOGNATHAE • ORDER STRUTHIONIFORMES – Family Struthionidae – ostriches (2 species) • ORDER RHEIFORMES – Family Rheidae – rheas (2 species) • ORDER TINAMIFORMES – Family Tinamidae – tinamous (47 species) • ORDER APTERYGIFORMES – Family Apterygidae – kiwis (5 species) • ORDER CASUARIIFORMES – Family Casuariidae – cassowaries (3 species) – Family Dromaiidae – emu (1 species) ostrich (Struthioniformes) PALAEOGNATHAE • ORDER STRUTHIONIFORMES – Family Struthionidae – ostriches (2 species) • ORDER RHEIFORMES – Family Rheidae – rheas (2 species) • ORDER TINAMIFORMES – Family Tinamidae – tinamous (47 species) • ORDER APTERYGIFORMES – Family Apterygidae – kiwis (5 species) • ORDER CASUARIIFORMES – Family Casuariidae – cassowaries (3 species) – Family Dromaiidae – emu (1 species) greater rhea (Rheiformes) PALAEOGNATHAE • ORDER STRUTHIONIFORMES – Family Struthionidae – ostriches (2 species) • ORDER RHEIFORMES – Family Rheidae – rheas (2 species) • ORDER TINAMIFORMES – Family Tinamidae – tinamous (47 species) • ORDER APTERYGIFORMES – Family Apterygidae – kiwis (5 species) • ORDER CASUARIIFORMES – Family Casuariidae – cassowaries (3 species)
    [Show full text]
  • The Oldest Known Bird Archaeopteryx Lithographica Lived During the Tithonian Stage of the Jurassic Some 150 Ma (Megannum = Million Years) Ago
    T y r b e r g , T .: Cretaceous© Ornithologische Birds Gesellschaft Bayern, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 249 Verh. orn. Ges. Bayern 24, 1986: 249—275 Cretaceous Birds - a short review of the first half of avian history By Tommy Tyrberg 1. Introduction The oldest known bird Archaeopteryx lithographica lived during the Tithonian stage of the Jurassic some 150 Ma (Megannum = million years) ago. The Cretaceous period which lasted from ca 144 Ma to 65 Ma therefore constitutes approximately one half of known avian history (table 1). During these 80 Ma birds evolved from the primitive Archaeopteryx — in many ways intermediate between birds and reptiles - to essentially modern forms which in some cases are recognizable as members of extant avian orders. Unfortunately this process is very poorly documented by fossils. Fossil birds as a general rule are not common. The lifestyle of birds and their fragile, often pneumatized, bones are not conducive to successful fossilization, and even when preserved avian bones are probably often overlooked or misidentified. Col- lectors investigating Mesozoic Continental deposits are likely to have their “search image” centered on either dinosaurs or mammals. It is symptomatic that of the five known specimens of Archaeopteryx two were originally misidentified, one as a ptero- saur and the other as a small dinosaur Compsognathus. Even when a fossil has been collected and identified as avian, problems are far from over. Avian skeletal elements are frequently badly preserved and rather undiagnostic, moreover birds (usually) lack teeth. This is a serious handicap since teeth are durable and frequently yield a remarkable amount of information about the lifestyle and taxo- nomic position of the former owners.
    [Show full text]