Fossil Dicot Wood Names 1 an Annotated List with Full Bibliography
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Fossil dicot wood names 1 an annotated list with full bibliography M. Gregory – I. Poole – E.A. Wheeler IAWA Journal, Supplement 6 Author – Title 1 Fossil dicot wood names an annotated list with full bibliography Mary Gregory Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom Imogen Poole Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Faculty of Biology, Utrecht University, PO Box 800021, 3408 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands Elisabeth A. Wheeler Department of Wood and Paper Science, Box 8005, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, U.S. A. IAWA Journal, Supplement 6 — 2009 Published for the International Association of Wood Anatomists at the Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden, The Netherlands ISSN 0928-1541 ISBN 90-71236-68-6 ISBN 978-90-71236-68-6 NUR 941 Mary Gregory, Imogen Poole and Elisabeth A. Wheeler Fossil dicot wood names – an annotated list with full bibliography IAWA Journal, Supplement 6 — 2009 © International Association of Wood Anatomists c/o Nationaal Herbarium Nederland P.O. Box 9514 – 2300 RA Leiden – The Netherlands Cover: Composition of fossil wood micrographs by Imogen Poole and Elisabeth Wheeler Gregory, Poole & Wheeler — Fossil dicot wood names 1 Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................ 3 Species names .................................................................................................... 5 List of abbreviations used ...................................................................... 5 Species names by family ....................................................................... 5 Unnamed dicot woods .................................................................................... 146 Catalogues, surveys and lists ....................................................................... 147 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................... 147 References ........................................................................................................... 148 Index to genera .................................................................................................. 212 2 IAWA Journal, Supplement 6, 2009 Gregory, Poole & Wheeler — Fossil dicot wood names 3 INTRODUCTION The lack of a complete catalogue of fossil wood names has led to much confusion over the years. Different authors have erected the same genus or species name because they were unaware of other researchers’ work. The matter is further complicated by the fact that early workers on fossil woods had limited knowledge of the anatomy of extant plants and of the characters most suitable for diagnostic purposes. As a result, many of the early generic names suggested relationships to families with which it was later determined they had little or no affinity. This problem has been discussed by various authors, including Lakhanpal & Prakash (1980) and Page (1979). Several catalogues of generic names of fossil plants have been published, notably those by Edwards (1931), Andrews (1955, 1970), Blazer (1975), Watt (1982), Meyen (1990) and Schultze-Motel (2003). Most of these cover all plant groups and all organs, and so it is not easy to extract names of dicot wood genera; moreover they do not usu- ally include species names other than the type species. This inventory aims to list all generic and specific names erected to describe fossil dicot woods, together with their authorities, synonyms, geological ages and geographical sources. All names that have appeared in print to the end of 2007 have been recorded, whether validly published or not, including names in unpublished theses when these were obtainable. We thought it helpful to include names that were not validly published because they are often cited in the literature. Names of extant taxa have their authority but no date. Reports from the Quaternary where fossils have been assigned to extant genera have usually been omitted, the exception being when the report erects a new name. Names are listed by family. When specimens assigned to one family have sub- sequently been shown to belong to a different family, and renamed, these names are cross-referenced, e.g. Dipterocarpoxylon burmense Holden is in the Dipterocarpaceae list with Glutoxylon burmense (Holden) Chowdhury as a synonym, while the latter name can be found in the Anacardiaceae list with the former name as a synonym. Family names and composition are as given in R.K. Brummitt’s Vascular plant families and genera (1992). Deviant spellings are shown in square brackets, e.g. Hauera [-eria]. A few orthographic changes have been made, based on ICBN (2006) rules. There is a separate list of names unassigned to family, a list of authors who have described woods but not named them, and an index to generic names. Entries within a family follow the order: genus, species, authority, synonyms, notes, additional references, geological age and geographical source. The geological age en- tries usually show the age as given in the original publications (not always reliable and sometimes altered in a later publication) and of other specimens described subsequently. These ages should be used with caution since modern dating methods can render many of these early assigned ages suspect. The geographical source region delimitations are shown on the map and have been chosen so that boundaries run between political areas, except for Russia where the boundary between Europe and Temperate Asia runs along the Ural Mountains. Where specimens of the same species originate from different geographical regions, these are usually shown in a separate entry. 4 IAWA Journal, Supplement 6, 2009 12 11 1 12 8 9 10 13 2 7 3 6 4 14 5 Map defining the regions as used in the text denoting the geographical origin of the fossil dicoty- ledonous woods. 1 North America; 2 Central America (Mexico to Panama, Cuba and the West Indies); 3 Tropical South America; 4 Temperate South America; 5 Antarctica; 6 South Africa (Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe); 7 Tropical Africa; 8 North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt); 9 Middle East (including Afghanistan); 10 Central South Asia (Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Burma/Myanmar); 11 Europe (including Russia west of the Urals); 12 Temperate Asia (Russia east of the Urals, Mongolia, China, Japan); 13 South East Asia; 14 Australia. Under Notes new generic names and whether a formal generic diagnosis is lacking are indicated. Although we have indicated when authors have disagreed with previous family placements or commented on the validity of names, our own opinions have not been expressed. Publication dates of synonyms indicate the most recent nomenclature. The notes also indicate species or genera that are probably wrongly placed and require reinvestigation. This information is out of necessity very brief and users should consult the full references for further details. In Additional References we cite papers that describe additional specimens of a species, discuss determinations or give keys. All publications cited have been seen except those marked by an asterisk. We were unable to obtain these works and the information from them has been derived from secondary sources. This inventory will be of use to palaeobotanists when naming new species, systema- tists surveying the woods in individual families and those undertaking evolutionary, palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic studies. We envisage to make this information available online, where it can be updated and amended as necessary. Gregory, Poole & Wheeler — Fossil dicot wood names 5 SPECIES NAMES List of abbreviations used Synonyms and Notes: acc. = according to, addit. ref. = additional reference(s), auth. = authority, descr. = description, det. = determined or determination, fig. (figs) = figure(s), gen. diag. = genus diagnosis, Gym = Gymnosperm, inc. sed. = incertae sedis, incl. = including or included, nom. nud. = nomen nudum, poss. = possibly, p.p. = in part, prob. = probably, q.v. = which see, syn. = synonym(s), trans. = transferred, unpub. = unpublished. Family names are abbreviated to the first few identifying letters, e.g. Anac. = Anacardiaceae, Annon. = Annonaceae. Geological age: l = lower, m = middle, u = upper; Cudd = Cuddalore, Deccan = Deccan Inter- trappean Beds, Eoc = Eocene, Holo = Holocene, Jur = Jurassic, K = Cretaceous, Mio = Miocene, Neog = Neogene, Oli = Oligocene, Palaeoc = Palaeocene, Palaeog = Palaeogene, Pleis = Pleisto- cene, Plio = Pliocene, Q = Quaternary, T = Tertiary. Geographical source: Ant = Antarctica, Aust = Australia, CAmer = Central America, CSAsia = Central South Asia, Eur = Europe, MidEast = Middle East, NAfr = North Africa, NAmer = North America, SAfr = South Africa, SEAsia = South East Asia, TempAsia = Temperate Asia, TempSAmer = Temperate South America, TrAfr = Tropical Africa, TrSAmer = Tropical South America. Species names by family Acanthaceae Acanthaceoxylon mohgaoense Chitaley & Patil 1970 — Notes: gen. nov. — Deccan — CSAsia Aceraceae Acer cf. amoenum Carr. — Ref.: Watari 1952 — Mio — TempAsia Acer beckianum Prakash & Barghoorn 1961a — mMio — NAmer Acer borussicum Caspary 1888 — Syn.: Acerinium borussicum (Caspary) Edwards 1931 — Note: fuller descr. in Caspary 1889 — ?T — Eur Acer integrifolioxylon Wheeler & Manchester 2002 — mEoc — NAmer Acer iwatense (Watari) Watari 1952 — Syn.: Acerinium iwatense Watari 1941b; Prunus iwatense (Watari) Takahashi & Suzuki 1988 (Ros.) — lMio — TempAsia Acer momijiyamense