2005-6 Report

The Xerces Society For Invertebrate Conservation

BIENNNIAL REPORT 2005-2006

The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation is an international, nonprofit, member–supported organization dedicated to preserving wildlife and its habitat through the conservation of invertebrates. We use science–based advocacy, conservation, and education to protect invertebrates and their habitat. Our work focuses on three principal issues: endangered species, watershed health, and pollinator conservation.

4828 SE Hawthorne Boulevard, Portland, OR 97215 Tel: (503) 232-6639 Fax: (503) 233-6794 www.xerces.org

Front cover: Salt Creek tiger beetle © Joel Sartore, www.joelsartore.com. “The founding of the Xerces Society was one of the best ideas in the history of conservation.”

Edward O. Wilson

Table of Contents

Executive Director’s Letter 5

Pollinator Conservation 6

Endangered Species Protection 9

Aquatic Monitoring and Protection 12

Special Projects 13

Joan Mosenthal DeWind Award 14

Wings. Essays on Invertebrate Conservation 15

Financial Report 16

Board and Staff 19

Fender’s blue © Dana Ross

Florida scrub millipede © Thomas Eisner EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S LETTER

The noted lepidopterist and author Dr. Robert Michael Pyle started the Xerces Society thirty-five years ago. The Society quickly established itself at the forefront of invertebrate conservation and has remained an influential voice for the “little things that run the world.” From its origins as a small group of dedicated volunteers, the Society grew into a professionally staffed organization. In the past year we have grown again, adding to our staff and opening a regional office in California, strengthening our ability to protect invertebrates and their habitat.

Invertebrates are important in their own right, but there is another reason to educate people about them. As people grow to respect and understand the importance of insects and other small creatures they will, in turn, understand and respect the cycle of life. Also, because many invertebrates occur in backyards and neighborhood greenspaces, they can serve as an effective introduction for people to the importance of protecting habitat.

The Society was founded by a scientist, and science remains at the core of our work. Whether we are working with the Forest Service to better understand the life history of an endangered butterfly, training volunteers to monitor watershed health using aquatic invertebrates, or preparing an Endangered Spe- cies Act petition for a critically imperiled springsnail, we always use the best possible science. Our outreach work—working with farmers to improve habitat for crop pollinating bees, for example—and our publications take current research and put it into easy-to-understand guidance that can be used to protect, enhance, or restore habitat for invertebrates.

The conservation of invertebrates and the protection of the vital services they provide will necessitate a greater effort by scientists, land managers, conservationists, and citizens. We hope that our work provides the inspiration for conservation action. The following are some highlights and achievements from the past two years.

Sincerely,

Scott Hoffman Black Executive Director

Biennial Report 2005-2006 5 POLLINATOR CONSERVATION

During 2005 and 2006, we maintained our position Highlights of the last two years include: as a national leader in pollinator conservation. We • Workshops and seminars given by Xerces have expanded our projects and staff, and have staff were attended by more than 2,000 people; worked with people from all walks of life to accom- • We have published management guidelines plish our goals. Our outreach touched thousands for farmers, golf course superintendents, and park of people and our work directly led to the restora- managers, plus brochures and fact sheets; tion of pollinator habitat. • We were invited to write articles for publica- The diversity of habitats that support pollinators is tions like Agroforestry Notes, Oregon Tilth, and reflected in the diversity of people with whom we Turfgrass Management in the Pacific Northwest; have worked. Our work focused on three groups • We reached hundreds of thousands of people of land managers—farmers, public park manag- through our media outreach; ers, and golf course superintendents—as well as • Our work was highlighted in the National gardeners, agency staff, and nonprofit staff. While Academy of Sciences report, Status of Pollinators these three groups are not traditionally viewed as in North America; and being conservationists, each controls significant • We launched the first study in the United areas of land in urban and rural areas and are States of the impact of restoration on native polli- generally viewed as being leaders in their commu- nators and pollinator function. nities.

Bumble bee on black raspberry © Mace Vaughan

6 The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Xerces Society Partners to Protect Pollinators found negative impact on pollinators and other The Xerces Society partnered with various organi- wildlife. Xerces staff responded to many other zations on different aspects of our program. In requests for information from committee members California, we collaborated with the University of during their eighteen-month tenure. California at Berkeley, Audubon California’s Land- owner Stewardship Program, and the Center for Two of our publications, the Pollinator Conserva- Land Based Learning on a project to field test tion Handbook and Farming for Bees: Guidelines research-based restoration protocols specifically for Providing Native Bee Habitat on Farms, were designed to increase wild native pollinators. In highlighted as sources of information for those Oregon, we partnered with the Oregon Golf taking action to restore, enhance, and protect Course Superintendents Association to present a pollinator habitat, as was Making Room for Native series of seminars across the state to golf course Pollinators, guidelines written by Xerces staff and staff. published by the U.S. Golf Association. The report also includes a complete summary of the Xerces At a national level, we worked with the U.S. De- Society Red List of Pollinator Insects. partment of Agriculture’s Natural Resources Con- servation Service (NRCS) to promote pollinator The NRC committee made several recommenda- conservation to all NRCS state offices. As part of tions, many of which the Xerces Society was this, the NRCS purchased 50,000 copies of our already working on. Their report also urged non- Farming for Pollinators brochure to distribute to governmental organizations to collaborate with staff and farmers across the country. We also landowners and the public to increase awareness worked with NRCS to present a panel discussion of pollinators and to publicize simple activities that on pollinator conservation at the Wildlife Society’s everyone can do to promote and sustain the 2006 national conference. abundance and diversity of these insects—and specifically cited the Xerces Society as an exam- Our staff are members of national-level commit- ple of such a nongovernmental organization. tees, including the Future Farmers of America’s Native Pollinator Initiative and the Golf Course New Habitat Created Superintendents Association of America’s Envi- ronmental Projects Committee. As a result of workshops and distribution of our publications (see below), several habitat enhancement projects have been implemented. We have Xerces Society contributes to National Acad- also worked with land managers directly to plan emy of Sciences report and plant new hedgerows on farmland and given In October 2006, the National Academy of technical advice to golf course superintendents Sciences released Status of Pollinators in North and park managers. America, prepared by a committee of the National Research Council (NRC). We are honored that the In California’s Central Valley, we are managing a Academy’s report highlights our work and publica- project to field test research-based restoration tions, and were pleased to be able to contribute to protocols designed to increase native pollinators the committee’s work. on farms. To accomplish this we are restoring nesting and foraging habitat on six farms in the In November 2005, Xerces executive director Putah and Cache Creek watersheds, and monitor- Scott Hoffman Black gave a presentation to the ing the impacts on pollinator diversity and abun- NRC committee in Washington, D.C. on our Red dance and on crop pollination. This project also List of Pollinator Insects of North America. Scott will estimate the amount that farmers are willing to also provided information on how changes to the invest in restoring wild pollinator habitat on farms, U.S. Endangered Species Act could have a pro- and provide outreach on pollinator conservation to

Biennial Report 2005-2006 7 farmers. This project is a partnership with the Uni- versity of California at Berkeley, Audubon Califor- nia’s Landowner Stewardship Program, and the Center for Land Based Learning.

Educating and Empowering

Over the last two years we provided face to face workshops and presentations to over two thousand people. We gave presentations in Alaska, California, Kansas, Oregon, Washington, and Wis- consin, as well as Washington, DC. Our audi- ences included farmers, golf course superintendents, conservationists, scientists and extension staff. These presentations ranged from hands-on workshops for local land managers to seminars of regional and international scope.

Publications for Land Managers

We have a long track record of disseminating information to the people who will use it to make change. In the past two years we have added several more publications to our outreach materi- 2002. Making More Room updates and expands als. Copies can be downloaded from the pollinator those guidelines to reflect recent research. pages of our web site. In addition to our own publications, we were asked Farming for Pollinators is a full-color brochure that by the National Agroforestry Center to write four provides an overview of how to provide pollinator issues of Agroforesty Notes. Each four-page-long habitat on farms. The Natural Resources Conser- issue focuses on a different aspect of native bee vation Service (NRCS) purchased 50,000 copies conservation: nest sites, forage areas, managing of Farming for Pollinators and distributed them to habitat, and pesticides. Distributed to agency staff, every state office. The NRCS also purchased cop- growers, and nonprofit staff across the U.S., they ies of Farming for Bees and the Pollinator Conser- received high praise. We also published articles in vation Handbook for all of their state biologists, as peer-reviewed journals such as Bioscience and well as for every NRCS library in California and Ecoscience; in trade publications such as Oregon Oregon. We also produced a series of one-page Tilth, Oregon Parks and Recreation, and Turf- information sheets on pollination needs of different grass Management in the Pacific Northwest; and crops. in the nationally distributed Fourth Corners Nurs- eries native plant catalog. We published guidelines for park managers and golf course superintendents. Pollinator-Friendly Media Attention for Pollinators Parks provides detailed information about managing pollinator habitat in public parks and other ur- Our pollinator conservation work received media ban and suburban greenspaces. Making More coverage in over 300 outlets in 2005 and 2006. Room is a companion document for Making Room These included feature newspaper, radio, televi- for Native Pollinators, guidelines written by Xerces sion, and magazine stories, including on National staff and published by the U.S. Golf Association in Public Radio and in the San Francisco Chronicle.

8 The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation ENDANGERED SPECIES PROTECTION

The Xerces Society's Endangered Species Pro- Red List of Pollinator Insects of North America gram worked with scientists, land managers, and Many pollinators lack protection for the simple conservationists to raise awareness about the reason that land managers and policy makers lack plight of invertebrates and to gain protection for information about them. To plug this information the most vulnerable species before they decline to gap, we released the Red List of Pollinator Insects a level from which recovery is impossible. of North America in May 2005 as a first step to- ward effective protection of at-risk pollinators . The Highlights of the last two years include: Red List is the most complete assessment of the • The Salt Creek tiger beetle was protected state of the continent’s at-risk pollinators and is under the U.S. Endangered Species Act; the most comprehensive source of information on • The Red List of Pollinator Insects of North these insects. America was released; • Federal officials agreed to conduct a yearlong One-hundred and fifteen species and subspecies status review of the Sand Mountain blue butterfly; of pollinator insects are included on the list: 57 butterflies, 2 moths, and 56 bees. For each, we • Habitat of the largest population of Taylor’s prepared a profile that distills into a single docu- checkerspot is being managed and restored; and ment the current state of knowledge of life history, • Xerces staff have developed status reviews of distribution, threats, conservation needs, and re- at-risk invertebrates for federal agencies search needs. Each profile includes discussions of taxonomy and identification, and lists of contacts, publications, and websites. We also included re- Salt Creek Tiger Beetle—Added to Endangered lated documents such as recovery plans for U.S. Species List federally listed Lepidoptera. Xerces Society staff have worked for several years with scientists, conservationists, and Soci- The Red List of Pollinator Insects of North Amer- ety members to gain protection for the Salt Creek ica helps federal agencies, conservation groups, tiger beetle. This was achieved in October 2005, and scientists prioritize conservation efforts for when the beetle was listed as Endangered under those species in need of conservation. As the U.S. Endangered Species Act. mentioned above, it was included in the report by the NRC committee of the status of pollinators. The Salt Creek tiger beetle is only found in saline The Red List is available as a CD-ROM and can marshes around the city of Lincoln, Nebraska. be accessed on-line at the Xerces Society’s web- Since the late 1800s, over 90 percent of its habitat site (www.xerces.org). has been destroyed or severely degraded through commercial, residential, industrial, and agricultural Sand Mountain Blue—Closer to Protection development and road projects. Only 122 acres of saline marsh remain, of which a mere fifteen can Federal officials have agreed to conduct a year- be considered “not highly degraded.” Recent sur- long review of whether the Sand Mountain blue veys show that the beetle population numbers butterfly should be protected under the Endan- about 150 individuals. gered Species Act. As a result of a listing petition filed by the Xerces Society, the Center for Biologi- The listing has already generated positive results. cal Diversity, and other conservation groups, the The federal government has earmarked $500,000 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has ruled there is to buy important habitat areas for this beetle and enough scientific data to justify a formal review of to support research. the Sand Mountain blue butterfly.

Biennial Report 2005-2006 9

Taylor’s checkerspot © Dana Ross

The Sand Mountain blue is endemic to Sand After several years surveying for new sites, in Mountain, Nevada, and is entirely dependent on 2006 the Xerces Society embarked on a project to one thousand acres of dune that supports its host- better understand the biology and habitat needs of plant, Kearney buckwheat. This area is threatened this butterfly. by off-road vehicle use. Without immediate protection, this butterfly could go extinct. Sand Mountain This information is vital for the proper manage- supports many other endemic plant and animal ment of its habitat. With funding from the Bureau species which are also affected by off-road vehicle of Land Management and the Forest Service, Xer- use. ces staff studied skipper populations at sites in Oregon and Washington to identify the hostplants upon which these butterflies lay their eggs. We Mardon Skipper—Studying its Life History also conducted population censuses and recorded A small, tawny-orange butterfly, the Mardon adult nectar usage. Results show that the skipper skipper is dependent upon lowland prairies and uses a wider variety of hostplants than previously mountain meadows in the Pacific Northwest. The thought. We have now returned to one site to find Mardon skipper was likely more widespread, but and study Mardon skipper caterpillars, something has declined due to large-scale loss of habitat to that has never been done before. Xerces staff agricultural and residential sprawl, fire suppres- were the first to actually observe caterpillars in the sion, livestock grazing, and introduction of exotic wild. We hope that this work will determine how species. these butterflies live through the winter, allowing better management of this butterfly’s habitat.

10 The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Taylor’s Checkerspot—Protecting and Manag- hairstreak, insular blue, and Mardon skipper). ing Critical Habitat

Previously documented at more than seventy sites Island Marble Butterfly—Still At Risk in British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon, We wish that we could only report good news. Taylor's checkerspot has experienced a dramatic However, after several years of study and more decline. We are now certain of the existence of than 225 site surveys that clearly show the island this butterfly at only fourteen sites, most of which marble butterfly is imperiled, the U.S. Fish and contain fewer than fifty individuals. Like the Wildlife Service has decided not to protect it under Mardon skipper, this butterfly is a grassland the Endangered Species Act. This is despite the specialist. Its historical habitat included coastal fact that there are less than one thousand island and inland grasslands on southern Vancouver marble butterflies left and there are multiple Island and surrounding islands in British Columbia threats that could lead to their extinction. and the San Juan Island archipelago (USA), as well as open prairies and balds in Washington's During 2005, The Xerces Society helped coordi- Puget Trough and Oregon's Willamette Valley. nate efforts to survey 110 potential island marble

sites. The surveys were done by staff from two One of the largest remaining populations of Washington state agencies (Department of Fish Taylor’s checkerspot is on private lands in the and Wildlife and Department of Natural Re- southern Willamette Valley. A Memorandum of sources), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Agreement has been reached with Benton County the Xerces Society, plus local volunteers. As a Natural Areas and Parks Department and the result, island marble butterflies were found at landowner so that the most sensitive area can be eleven new locations, although none of the sites fenced and invasive weeds controlled. The Parks had more than five individuals. Department has done a wonderful job with the initial stage of weed control. The surveys also helped determine the extent of

the largest island marble population at American Close to this site is a second important Taylor’s Camp in the San Juan Island National Historical checkerspot population living on powerline ease- Park. The vast majority of the butterflies—and the ments owned by the Bonneville Power Administra- only viable populations—are located here. Many tion (BPA). We worked with BPA land managers of the individuals found at the new locations are to develop and implement a habitat management likely strays from this main site. plan for the Santiam-Toledo Transmission Line

Corridor to protect the butterfly and its habitat. The Xerces Society is currently determining what

steps need to be taken next to ensure this We continue to fund a local lepidopterist, Dana butterfly does not go extinct. Ross, to look for additional populations and monitor the health of extant populations. Media Focus on Endangered Species Assisting Federal Agencies with Endangered Media on our endangered species work appeared Species Management in dozens of outlets across the U.S., including Na- tional Public Radio’s “Morning Edition,” The Ore- We worked with the Bureau of Land Management gonian, The Seattle Times, and Oregon Public and the Forest Service to prepare status reviews Broadcasting’s “Oregon Field Guide.” of at-risk invertebrates. These are being used by agency staff to plan and manage projects. The species for which we did status reviews include the Oregon giant earthworm and several butterflies (Taylor’s checkerspot, hoary elfin, Johnson’s

Biennial Report 2005-2006 11 AQUATIC MONITORING AND PROTECTION

In 1995, the Xerces Society began a collaborative data. New analytical tools can enable these coun- effort with government agencies, conservation cils to gain additional interpretive and diagnostic organizations, and volunteer groups to manage information from the data that allows them to aquatic resources in the Northwest. Monitoring better understand the condition of their watershed. stream resources provides not only baseline However, to use these models, watershed council information on the biodiversity of stream fish, data must be translated into an appropriate for- amphibians, and invertebrates but also gives us a mat. Xerces staff worked with the Oregon Depart- relative scale at which to judge the health of a ment of Environmental Quality to translate data in watershed as a whole. The goal of Xerces’ the best way to fit the models, and worked with Aquatic Monitoring Program is to provide policy- three watershed councils to fit their data into the makers with information, assistance, and materi- models and interpret the outputs. als that will lead to better management strategies for forests, streams, and rivers. Our focus has Watershed Council Macroinvertebrate Monitor- been to apply the technique of bioassessment at a ing Program Development grass-roots level and help interested citizen groups to become involved with the science and Oregon state agencies are limited to collecting management of their watersheds. macroinvertebrate data on a large scale, and view watershed councils and Soil and Water Conserva- During 2005 and 2006, the Society’s Aquatic tion Districts as valuable partners in collecting Program: data on a smaller, watershed scale. In 2005 and • Provided information to hundreds of water- 2006, we assisted five Oregon watershed councils shed monitors; in macroinvertebrate monitoring, and producing and interpreting data. • Assisted watershed groups with implementing water quality monitoring programs; and • Organized annual workshops for professional Taxonomic Workshops taxonomists. The Xerces Society sponsors an annual workshop on the taxonomy of Pacific Northwest freshwater Data Translation for New Predictive Models benthic macroinvertebrates. The workshops’ benefits are twofold. First, they augment training Some Oregon watershed councils have been for the region’s scientists, and second, they help collecting macroinvertebrate data for five years or to establish standards to be applied in biomonitor- more, and have amassed significant quantities of ing studies. Recognized specialists lecture on systematics, taxonomy, and ecology of Pacific North- west taxa, while hands-on sessions complement the lectures and increase interaction between taxonomists. In 2005, Luke Jacobus from Purdue University and Pat Randolph from the University of California at Davis led a workshop on North- west mayfly nymphs at the University of Idaho. In 2006, Dr. Robert T. Dillon of the College of Charleston lectured on snails and limpets at the University of Montana. We also provided North American Benthological Society taxonomic certifi-

Mayfly nymph © David Funk cation testing.

12 The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation SPECIAL PROJECTS

The Xerces Society often engages in special American, and on ABCNews.com. projects that compliment our mission. We had four very successful endeavors in 2005 and 2006. Logging to Control Insects

In 2005, the Society released Logging to Control California Monarch Campaign Insects: The Science and Myths Behind Managing In the 1980s, the Xerces Society played a major Forest Insect “Pests”. Written by Xerces executive role in western monarch conservation. The Soci- director Scott Hoffman Black, the 88-page report ety has renewed its efforts to protect monarch but- summarized over 150 scientific papers and Forest terflies through the initiation of our Monarch Cam- Service documents, and dispelled many com- paign. Mia Monroe, Monarch Campaign Coordina- monly held misconceptions about forest insect tor, has been very busy over the last two years. pests. Former U.S. Forest Service Chief Mike She helped organize the "Biology and Conserva- Dombeck called the report "the most useful publi- tion of the Monarch Butterfly" symposium at the cation on the topic of forests and forest pests that Entomological Society of America Pacific Branch I have seen." 2006 meeting in Monterey CA. She has also helped organize annual Monarch Butterfly Moni- Logging to Control Insects was distributed to activ- toring Workshops, and manages a volunteer effort ists across North America, who tell us that the re- to census overwintering monarch populations. port has been highly useful. The information has been used in Congressional hearings, to promote wilderness protection, for comments on timber Economic Value of Insects—Article Published sales, and to develop an alternative for the huge in BioScience Pilgrim Sale near McCloud, CA. In collaboration with Professor John Losey of Cornell University, Xerces conservation director Newspapers across the U.S. all published articles Mace Vaughan researched and wrote a paper on about this report and its impact. the value of ecosystem services provided by native insects in the United States for the April Pesticides 2006 issue of BioScience. The four services studied were pest control by native insects, insects as Pesticides are one of the leading issues related to food for wildlife, removal of cattle dung from invertebrate conservation. We worked to stop grazing lands, and crop pollination by native bees. unneeded pesticide projects, especially by one of The total value of these services is estimated to the leading offenders, the federal government, in be more than $57 billion, with crop pollination the guise of rangeland grasshopper control. alone estimated to be worth $3 billion. The article was featured on the cover (illustrated by a Swain- In 2005 and 2006, we reviewed and provided son’s hawk eating a grasshopper) and in the comments on the United States Department of editor-in-chief’s editorial introducing the issue. Agriculture (USDA) grasshopper and Mormon cricket suppression programs in states in the inter- Stories ran in more than two dozen newspapers mountain west. We patterned our approach after across the U.S. and Canada. The authors were our successful effort in Idaho, where for three interviewed on BBC World Service radio and years in a row the Xerces Society and the Idaho CBC/Radio-Canada. It also was featured in Dis- Conservation League have worked to limit efforts cover, Harpers, Nature, National Wildlife, Frontiers by the USDA to spray pesticides on millions of in Ecology, Science and Spirit, and Scientific acres in southern Idaho.

Biennial Report 2005-2006 13 JOAN MOSENTHAL DEWIND AWARD

A lifelong lover of butterflies, Joan Mosenthal 2006 Award Winners DeWind was a founding member of the Xerces Matthew J. Medeiros, University of California Society. Joan’s contributions of time, organiza- at Berkeley tional expertise, and financial support were essen- Awarded $3,500 for: Biodiversity, systematics, tial to the early success of the Xerces Society. and evolution of Schrankia, a cave and rainforest dwelling Hawaiian moth (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In Joan’s memory, her husband Bill DeWind In Hawaii, Lepidoptera are ecologically important, endowed a student research fund. Each year, the but many groups are poorly studied. One group, Xerces Society awards small grants to two or Schrankia, occurs in two threatened ecosystems: three students to support research that will rainforests and caves. Its ecological role and advance the conservation of butterflies or moths. natural history are almost entirely unknown. This study documents the diversity of Schrankia and 2005 Award Winners begins work on a key and phylogeny for this group. It also explains the distribution and evolu- Leslie Rossmell, Washington State University tion of flightless cave populations of Schrankia. at Vancouver Awarded $3,750 for: Using behavior to link resto- Jessica Shors, Stanford University. ration to population dynamics for an endangered Awarded $2,000 for: Studying the effects of inva- butterfly. sive Argentine ants on lycaenid butterflies. This study examined effectiveness of a habitat The larvae of many North American lycaenid restoration technique to create nectar-source butterflies are protected by ants. However, non- buffers adjacent to habitat of the endangered native Argentine ants are displacing native ants. It Fender's blue butterfly. Understanding dispersal is assumed that Argentine ants cannot protect behavior is a critical component in designing local lycaenids, and they have been implicated in reserves, and results of this study enable better lycaenid population declines. This is a dire situa- conservation by informing decisions about reserve tion because many lycaenid species are at risk. design. This behavioral approach links on-the- This study compares lycaenid larval survivability ground restoration action to population dynamics, for ant-exclusion and ant-inclusion treatments in a linkage with potential to greatly aid restoration areas with native ants and Argentine ants. strategies for endangered invertebrates.

Jessica Stager, Antioch New England Gradu- Cheryl Russell, Washington State University at ate School. Vancouver Awarded $2,000 for: Does timing and frequency of Awarded $3,750 for: Investigating the use of mowing affect butterfly assemblages in post- herbicides to control invasive weeds: effects on agricultural fields? at-risk butterflies. Grassland butterflies are declining across New Northwest prairies support several at-risk butterfly England. Small post-agricultural fields may pro- species. These prairies are severely impacted by vide important refuges. This research investigates invasive perennial grasses. This study investi- whether mowing regimes significantly influence gated the effects of herbicide exposure on the butterfly species richness, abundance, and/or Puget blue butterfly as a model species. Larvae community composition in the post-agricultural were subjected to herbicide exposure followed by fields of the Champlain Basin of Vermont. A non- assessment of lethal and sublethal effects to technical report describing the results and recom- make recommendations to land managers on the mendations of the study will be produced and use of herbicide. distributed to local landowners.

14 The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation WINGS ESSAYS ON INVERTEBRATE CONSERVATION

Our membership magazine, Wings. Essays on We could not produce Wings without the generous Invertebrate Conservation, has continued in its support of the contributors. The Society’s board tradition of presenting the best writing and photog- and staff offer their thanks to the authors who raphy about invertebrates. Produced twice a year, shared their knowledge and time, and to the each issue reaches nearly 5,500 readers directly, photographers who allowed us to use their photos. and many more via libraries and institutions. Our thanks also go to John Laursen at Press-22, Themes of the four issues published in 2005 and whose design skills and eye for quality have been 2006 were invertebrates and conservation pro- central to the success of the magazine. grams in Africa; plant-invertebrate interactions; invertebrates as inspiration; and crustaceans.

Biennial Report 2005-2006 15 FINANCIAL REPORT

Thank You to Our Supporters The board and staff of the Xerces Society extend these organizations provided to The Xerces Soci- their gratitude to the following foundation, public, ety during 2005 and 2006 was a key component in and corporate supporters. The financial support making our programs a success. Thank you!

Audubon California Landowner Stewardship Program Bullitt Foundation CS Fund Dudley Foundation Edward Gorey Charitable Trust Gaia Foundation Hawksglen Foundation Lawrence Foundation Leo Model Foundation Maki Foundation Metro Regional Council Meyer Memorial Trust Mountaineers Foundation National Fish and Wildlife Foundation New Belgium Brewing Company New-Land Foundation Norcross Wildlife Foundation Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board Oregon Zoo Foundation Patagonia Richard & Rhoda Goldman Fund San Francisco State University Spirit Mountain Community Fund U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service U.S Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Wild Farm Alliance Winifred & Harry B. Allen Foundation

Thank You to Our Members Thank you, members! Individual members make spend more time accomplishing program goals up over 40 percent of the Xerces Society’s fund- and less time out pounding the pavement for dol- ing. This makes it possible for the organization to lars.

16 The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation 2005

Financial Position for the year ended December 31, 2005 Cash $ 17,444 Accounts payable $ 5,204 Investments 89,469 Payroll & retirement payable 34,232 Accounts receivable 29,933 Inventory 28,716 Total liabilities $ 39,436 Prepaid expenses 851 Unrestricted net assets (33,901)

Total assets $ 166,413 Temporarily restricted 160,878

Total net assets $ 126,977

Total liabilities and net assets $ 166,413

Financial Activities

REVENUE Workshop fees Publications Other revenues 2% Grants $ 190,425 6% 1%

Dues and donations 152,752 Publications 21,053 1 Workshop fees 6,958 Revenue 2 Other revenues 5,467 3 4 5 Total revenue $ 376,655 Grants Dues and donations 51% 41%

EXPENSES

Programs Aquatic $ 62,949 Promotion and development General administrative Conservation and education 91,071 11% 6%

Pollinators 99,947 Publications 51,286

Expenses Total programs 305,253 1 2 3 Total promotions & development 40,002

Total general administrative 23,766 Programs 83%

Total expenses $ 369,021

Biennial Report 2005-2006 17 2006

Financial Position for the year ended December 31, 2006 Cash $ 70,108 Accounts payable $ 813 Investments 85,252 Payroll & retirement payable 34,638 Accounts receivable 58,955 Inventory 11,665 Total liabilities $ 35,451 Prepaid expenses 1,200 Net property and equipment 4,204 Unrestricted net assets 14,879 Temporarily restricted 181,054 Total assets $ 231,384 Total net assets $ 195,933

Total liabilities and net assets $ 231,384

Financial Activities

REVENUE Workshop fees Publications Other revenues 1% Grants $ 270,385 4% 3%

Dues and donations 164,837 Publications 19,641 Revenue 1 Workshop fees 6,400 2 Other revenues 11,869 3 4 5 Total revenue $ 473,132 Grants Dues and donations 57% 35%

EXPENSES

Programs Aquatic $ 67,385 Promotion and development General administrative Conservation and education 64,069 9% 4% Pollinators 153,569 Publications 63,217

Expenses 1 Total programs 348,240 2 3 Total promotions & development 36,545

Total general administrative 15,256 Programs 87%

Total expenses $ 400,041

18 The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation BOARD AND STAFF

Board of Directors During the past two years, the board has seen May Berenbaum; President some changes. Thomas Eisner stepped down as President and was replaced by May Berenbaum. J. Kathy Parker; Vice President We have two new board members. Linda Craig; Treasurer

Sacha H. Spector; Secretary May Berenbaum, President. May is Swanlund Michael J. Bean Professor and head of the Department of Ento- Scott E. Miller mology at the University of Illinois, Urbana- Champaign. May is a member of the National Scientific Advisors Academy of Sciences, and is a widely respected E.O. Wilson teacher and writer. May has served on the Xerces Thomas Eisner Board since 1993.

Counselors Linda Craig, Treasurer. Linda is a shareholder in the Portland accounting firm, Brown/Armstrong. Paul R. Ehrlich She is also President of the Board of Directors of Claire Kremen Portland Audubon Society. Thomas Lovejoy Jerrold Meinwald Sacha H. Spector, Secretary. Sacha is the Man- Michael G. Morris ager of the Invertebrate Conservation Program, Piotr Naskrecki Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, Ameri- Paul A. Opler can Museum of Natural History. He is also an Robert Michael Pyle adjunct Assistant Professor at Columbia Univer- Charles L. Remington sity and serves on the IUCN Species Survival Michael Samways Commission, Invertebrate Conservation Sub- Cheryl Schultz committee.

Staff Scott Hoffman Black Logan Lauvray Executive Director Finance Manager

Mace Vaughan Caitlyn B. Howell-Walte Conservation Director Membership Coordinator & Wings Co-Editor Matthew Shepherd Pollinator Conservation Program Director Mia Monroe & Wings Co-Editor Monarch Campaign Coordinator

Sarina Jepsen Nathan Hodges Conservation Associate Project Intern

Katharina Ullman California Pollinator Conservation Coordinator

Biennial Report 2005-2006 19

4828 SE Hawthorne Boulevard, Portland, OR 97215 Tel: (503) 232-6639 Fax: (503) 233-6794 www.xerces.org