Seventh International Conference on Sport & Society

Leisure, Play, Action: Ecological Awareness in Sports

2–3 JUNE 2016 | UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA | HONOLULU, USA | SPORTANDSOCIETY.COM Seventh International Conference on Sport & Society

“Leisure, Play, Action: Ecological Awareness in Sports”

University of Hawaii at Manoa | Honolulu, USA | 2–3 June 2016

www.sportandsociety.com

www.facebook.com/SportandSocietyKnowledgeCommunity

@onsportsociety | #ICSS16 Seventh International Conference on Sport and Society www.sportandsociety.com

First published in 2016 in Champaign, Illinois, USA by Common Ground Publishing, LLC www.commongroundpublishing.com

© 2016 Common Ground Publishing

All rights reserved. Apart from fair dealing for the purpose of study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the applicable copyright legislation, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process without written permission from the publisher. For permissions and other inquiries, please contact [email protected].

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Designed by Ebony Jackson Cover image by Phillip Kalantzis-Cope Sport & Society sportandsociety.com

Dear Sport & Society Delegates,

Welcome to Honolulu and to the Seventh International Conference on Sport & Society. The Sport & Society Knowledge Community—its conference, journal collection, and book imprint—was created to explore the cultural, political, and economic relationships of sport to society.

Founded in 2010, the International Conference on Sport & Society provides a forum for the examination of sport from various perspectives, including: history, sociology, psychology, medicine, health, education, administration, and management. The discussions that take place range from broad conceptualizations of the fundamental logics of sport, to highly specific readings of sporting practices in particular times and places. The conference is held annually in different locations around the world, many in association with significant sporting events. The Inaugural Sport & Society Conference was held at UBC Robson Square in Vancouver, Canada, in March 2010 alongside the 2010 Winter Olympics. The conference has since been hosted in conjunction to the 2012 Summer Olympics at Cambridge University in Cambridge, UK, in 2012; at the University Center Chicago in Chicago, USA, in 2013; alongside the World Cup at the Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2014; and alongside the Pan American Games at the University of Toronto in Toronto, Canada, in 2015. Next year, we are pleased to host the conference at Imperial College London, 10-11 July 2017, in London, UK, in conjunction with the Wimbledon Championship.

Conferences can be ephemeral spaces. We talk, learn, get inspired, but these conversations fade with time. This Knowledge Community supports a range of publishing modes in order to capture these conversations and formalize them as knowledge artifacts. We encourage you to submit your research to the Sport & Society Journal Collection. We also encourage you to submit a book proposal to the Sport & Society Book Imprint.

In partnership with our Editors and Community Partners the Sport & Society Knowledge Community is curated by Common Ground Publishing. Founded in 1984, Common Ground Publishing is committed to building new kinds of knowledge communities which cut horizontally across legacy knowledge structures. Sustainability, diversity, learning, the future of humanities, the nature of interdisciplinarity, the place of the arts in society, technology’s connections with knowledge, the changing role of the university—these are deeply important questions of our time which require interdisciplinary thinking, global conversations, and cross-institutional intellectual collaborations. Common Ground is a meeting place for people, ideas, and dialogue. However, the strength of ideas does not come from finding common denominators. Rather, the power and resilience of these ideas is that they are presented and tested in a shared space where differences can meet and safely connect—differences of perspective, experience, knowledge base, methodology, geographical or cultural origins, and institutional affiliation. These are the kinds of vigorous and sympathetic academic milieus in which the most productive deliberations about the future can be held. We strive to create places of intellectual interaction and imagination that our future deserves.

I would like to thank my Sport & Society Knowledge Community colleagues, Rachael Arcario and Emily Kasak, who have put such a significant amount of work into this conference.

We wish you all the best for this conference, and we hope it will provide you every opportunity for dialogue with colleagues from around the corner and around the globe.

Yours sincerely,

Kimberly D. Kendall, PhD Host, Common Ground Publishing | About Common Ground

Our Mission Common Ground Publishing aims to enable all people to participate in creating collaborative knowledge and to share that knowledge with the greater world. Through our academic conferences, peer-reviewed journals and books, and innovative software, we build transformative knowledge communities and provide platforms for meaningful interactions across diverse media.

Our Message Heritage knowledge systems are characterized by vertical separations—of discipline, professional association, institution, and country. Common Ground identifies some of the pivotal ideas and challenges of our time and builds knowledge communities that cut horizontally across legacy knowledge structures. Sustainability, diversity, learning, the future of the humanities, the nature of interdisciplinarity, the place of the arts in society, technology’s connections with knowledge, the changing role of the university—these are deeply important questions of our time which require interdisciplinary thinking, global conversations, and cross-institutional intellectual collaborations. Common Ground is a meeting place for these conversations, shared spaces in which differences can meet and safely connect—differences of perspective, experience, knowledge base, methodology, geographical, or cultural origins, and institutional affiliation. We strive to create the places of intellectual interaction and imagination that our future deserves.

Our Media Common Ground creates and supports knowledge communities through a number of mechanisms and media. Annual conferences are held around the world to connect the global (the international delegates) with the local (academics, practitioners, and community leaders from the host community). Conference sessions include as many ways of speaking as possible to encourage each and every participant to engage, interact, and contribute. The journals and book imprint offer fully-refereed academic outlets for formalized knowledge, developed through innovative approaches to the processes of submission, peer review, and production. The knowledge community also maintains an online presence— through presentations on our YouTube channel, monthly email newsletters, as well as Facebook and Twitter feeds. And Common Ground’s own software, Scholar, offers a path-breaking platform for online discussions and networking, as well as for creating, reviewing, and disseminating text and multi-media works. Sport & Society Knowledge Community

Exploring the cultural, political, and economic relationships of sport to society Sport & Society Knowledge Community

The Sport & Society Knowledge Community is brought together by a common concern for scientific policy and strategic perspective in sport and society. The community interacts through an innovative, annual face-to-face conference, as well as year-round online relationships, a peer reviewed journal, and community book imprint.

Conference The conference is built upon four key features: Internationalism, Interdisciplinarity, Inclusiveness, and Interaction. Conference delegates include leaders in the field as well as emerging scholars, who travel to the conference from all corners of the globe and represent a broad range of disciplines and perspectives. A variety of presentation options and session types offer delegates multiple opportunities to engage, to discuss key issues in the field, and to build relationships with scholars from other cultures and disciplines.

Publishing The Sport & Society Knowledge Community enables members to publish through two media. First, community members can enter a world of journal publication unlike the traditional academic publishing forums—a result of the responsive, non-hierarchical, and constructive nature of the peer review process. The Sport & Society Journal Collection provides a framework for double-blind peer review, enabling authors to publish into an academic journal of the highest standard. The second publication medium is through the book imprint, Sport & Society, publishing cutting edge books in print and digital formats. Publication proposal and manuscript submissions are welcome.

Community The Sport & Society Knowledge Community offers several opportunities for ongoing communication among its members. Any member may upload video presentations based on scholarly work to the community YouTube channel. Monthly email newsletters contain updates on conference and publishing activities as well as broader news of interest. Join the conversations on Facebook and Twitter, or explore our new social media platform, Scholar. Sport & Society Themes

On sport’s motivations, Theme 1: Sporting Cultures and Identities meanings and purposes • Psychology of sport and the interplay between individual identities and access, equity, and participation in sports • Examines the social and sociological aspects of sport, the impact of cultural traditions and cultural differences on how sports are played or viewed, and the influence of sports on national, ethnic, or community identity • Individual identity (race, gender, ethnicity, religion, etc) and impacts on sports participation • Group identities—community, nations, cultures • Values—as exemplified by athletes, fans, communities • Cultural differences or traditions • Psychology or sociology of sport • Historical perspectives on sport and athletes • Sport and community building • Nationalism and ethnic identity in sport • Exclusionary and inclusionary practices in sport: access, equity, and their social benefits • Human rights in sport

On the relationship of Theme 2: Sport and Health sports participation to • Includes the study of health, nutrition, exercise science, sports medicine, and biomechanics physical, mental, or • Examines the relationships between health/physical fitness and other aspects of life emotional health and wellbeing (cognitive abilities, work performance, social interactions) • Exercise, fitness, and physical wellbeing • Sport and recreation in psycho-social wellbeing • Sports medicine and health sciences • Drugs in sport • Exercise science, sport biomechanics, functional anatomy • Sports injury—prevention, identification, rehabilitation • Sports nutrition and exercise metabolism • Sports and disabilities • Health and fitness in the workplace Sport & Society Themes

On learning about and Theme 3: Sports Education through sport • Includes physical and health education in schools and communities, teaching, and coaching techniques • Examines how sports programs in schools and communities promote learning, tolerance, social cohesion, and community development • Physical and sports education • Health education in schools and communities • Community based youth sports • Sports programs in schools, colleges, and universities • Coaching and instructional, motivational strategies

On sports organizations, Theme 4: Sports Management and Commercialization leadership, and • Considers sports and sporting events as commercial activities management • Explores the impact of sports and sporting events on communities, nations, and international relations • Includes sports as a profession and the roles of professionals (athletes, coaches, media, and marketing professionals) within it • Examines policies, rules and regulations, and laws related to governance and participation • Management of sports organizations and sporting events • Marketing, branding, and building a fan base • Communications and media coverage of sports • Sponsorship, licensing, and advertising in sport • Commercialization, commoditization, and privatization of sport • Professionals in sport • Sports facilities: design and management • Adjudication, refereeing, rule making, and game governance Sport & Society 2016 Special Focus

Leisure, Play, Action: Ecological Awareness in Sports

The effects of human activity on the natural environment are increasingly coming into focus in the development of critical perspectives on our social futures. How does this socio-ecological tension prompt critical perspectives on human movement, physical activity, and sports? What are the implications arising from sports as modes of human action? What are the effects of the objects that sports use—the equipment, fields, stadiums, events, and related material support systems? What can nature-based sports teach us about the relationship of human activity to the natural environment? What are the prospects for environmental agendas associated with sporting activity, where leisure and play might teach us about modes of action sensitive to our future socio-ecological needs? Sport & Society Scope and Concerns

Game Logic How do we negotiate game logic? Sport’s psycho-social motivations are built around a variety of game logics. Games are spaces of recreation and leisure; they are places of not-work; they stand outside the immediately functional, productive logics of employment and citizenship. However, they also reflect and reinforce the moral meanings of broader society: the values of energetic commitment; the virtue of developing skill; the challenge of striving to achieve; the rigors of competition; the rewards afforded to effort; the ethics of formal equality of opportunity (the level playing field); the vicissitudes of chance; magnanimity in loss; and, in team sports, the ethics of collaboration. The virtues of the ‘sporting spirit’ are complement aspirational values in a wide variety of practices in education, work, and civic participation.

Yet the spirit of sport sits in tension with other complex and at times contradictory forces, ostensibly less part of its ‘true spirit’ but which, nevertheless, at times seem intrinsic to its gaming logic. Is sport ritualized aggression, quasi- military in its formation, and to the extent that it is, is it a catharsis or catalyst sublimating other problems? Are values of competition a necessary and proper reflection of the motivations that drive market societies, or do they represent ‘survival of the fittest’ logic in which a few perennially win at the expense of the many who, game logic dictates, must lose? To what extent does game logic also tempt transgression of rules, from cheating to doping? How do we negotiate racism, sexism, homophobia, and denigratory nationalism in sports?

Body Logic How do we understand the body? Sport also rests on a range of body logics. One logic is one of health, a counterpoint to work which, for the majority of modern people, is largely sedentary. Sport is a necessary antidote. Another logic is that of body image, captured visually in the ideal type of the physically fit man or woman. Another logic is body-to-body contact, the strictly delimited violence of contact sports or bodily co-ordination in sports of graceful movement. Another is the subtle or not-so-subtle expression of sexuality in sport.

However, sitting in tension with these idealizations are difficulties and challenges intrinsic to the logic of the sporting body itself. How do we make sports accessible to, and inclusive of, bodies outside of the ideal body type? How do we deal with the tendency to lionize unnatural extremes in the sporting body, and the over-exercise, drugs or assistive technologies which may be used to produce extreme effects? How do we reduce violence in sport and connected with sport? How do we address the perils of the sexualization of sport? How do we negotiate polyvalent sexualities?

Aesthetic Logic How does sport shape aesthetics? There are multiple aesthetics to sport. Sporting activities are driven by stories. The game is an open-ended, participatory narrative. It is a journey in time and space--the race or the match, for instance. Sporting achievements fold into everyday life narratives. Then there is the intrinsic aesthetic of movement, of graceful or impressively forceful bodies in time and space, of being outdoors or in specially designed indoor spaces. Sport is also driven by ritual: formalised beginnings, stages, and ends for participants and the stuff of spectacle and entertainment for viewers. This is the raw material for representation in conversation, media, advertising, and the arts-through discourses, imageries, sounds, and tactile sensations. Sport’s sites of representation are print, television, radio, the internet—indeed any and all media, each with its characteristic forms and all in a state today of radical transformation. Sport & Society Scope and Concerns

However, sitting in tension with positive aesthetics are the often crude functionalism of sporting spaces, the rabid commercialization of popular sport, the passivity of the spectacle, and limited and differential access to the media for different sports or categories of player.

Organizational Logic How is sport organized? Sports are forms of social organization. They depend upon, and are always supported by, institutional infrastructures and processes of management. Physical facilities are needed. Players need to learn to play. They need times and places to practice, and coaches to lead. These are the pragmatics of doing sport, and doing it well. This is the stuff of sports education, sports medicine, and sports management, practiced by and for amateurs as well as professionals.

However, how does organization logic at times lead to excessive commercialism or even exploitation? When does it become overburdened by bureaucracy? When does leisure become work in a way that perhaps defeats the purpose of sport-as-leisure?

The International Conference on Sport & Society and its companion journal, book imprint, and online community are places for the systematic examination of a relationship in which sport oft-times enhances social life, while at other times it reflects broader social challenges as well as raising challenges unique to sport itself. Sport & Society Community Membership

About The Sport & Society Knowledge Community is dedicated to the concept of independent, peer-led groups of scholars, researchers, and practitioners working together to build bodies of knowledge related to topics of critical importance to society at large. Focusing on the intersection of academia and social impact, the Sport & Society Knowledge Community brings an interdisciplinary, international perspective to discussions of new developments in the field, including research, practice, policy, and teaching.

Membership Benefits As a Sport & Society Knowledge Community member you have access to a broad range of tools and resources to use in your own work: • Digital subscription to the Sport & Society Journal Collection for one year. • Digital subscription to the book imprint for one year. • One article publication per year (pending peer review). • Participation as a reviewer in the peer review process, with the opportunity to be listed as an Associate Editor after reviewing three or more articles. • Subscription to the community e-newsletter, providing access to news and announcements for and from the knowledge community. • Option to add a video presentation to the community YouTube channel. • Free access to the Scholar social knowledge platform, including: ◊ Personal profile and publication portfolio page. ◊ Ability to interact and form communities with peers away from the clutter and commercialism of other social media. ◊ Optional feeds to Facebook and Twitter. ◊ Complimentary use of Scholar in your classes—for class interactions in its Community space, multimodal student writing in its Creator space, and managing student peer review, assessment, and sharing of published work. Sport & Society Engage in the Community

Present and Participate in the Conference You have already begun your engagement in the community by attending the conference, presenting your work, and interacting face-to-face with other members. We hope this experience provides a valuable source of feedback for your current work and the possible seeds for future individual and collaborative projects, as well as the start of a conversation with community www.facebook.com/ colleagues that will continue well into the future. SportandSociety KnowledgeCommunity

@onsportsociety Publish Journal Articles or Books We encourage you to submit an article for review and possible publication in the journal. In #ICSS16 this way, you may share the finished outcome of your presentation with other participants and members of the community. As a member of the community, you will also be invited to review others’ work and contribute to the development of the community knowledge base as an Associate Editor. As part of your active membership in the community, you also have online access to the complete works (current and previous volumes) of journal and to the book imprint. We also invite you to consider submitting a proposal for the book imprint.

Engage through Social Media There are several ways to connect and network with community colleagues:

Email Newsletters: Published monthly, these contain information on the conference and publishing, along with news of interest to the community. Contribute news or links with a subject line ‘Email Newsletter Suggestion’ to [email protected].

Scholar: Common Ground’s path-breaking platform that connects academic peers from around the world in a space that is modulated for serious discourse and the presentation of knowledge works.

Facebook: Comment on current news, view photos from the conference, and take advantage of special benefits for community members at: http://www.facebook.com/ SportandSocietyKnowledgeCommunity.

Twitter: Follow the community @onsportsociety and talk about the conference with #ICSS16.

YouTube Channel: View online presentations or contribute your own at http:/ /commongroundpublishing.com/support/uploading-your-presentation-to-youtube. Sport & Society Advisory Board

The principal role of the Advisory Board is to drive the overall intellectual direction of the Sport & Society Knowledge Community and to consult on our foundational themes as they evolve along with the currents of the community. Board members are invited to attend the annual conference with a complimentary registration and provide important insights on conference development, including suggestions for speakers, venues, and special themes. We also encourage board members to submit articles for publication consideration to the Sport & Society Journal Collection as well as proposals or completed manuscripts to the Sport & Society Book Imprint.

We are grateful for the continued service and support of these world-class scholars and practitioners.

• Jean Côté, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada • Mojca Doupona, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia • Maria Pontes Ferreira, Fulbright Scientific Mobility Scholar, Brazil, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA • Keith Gilbert, University of East London, London, UK • Jack Jedwab, Association for Canadian Studies, Montreal, Canada • Karen Jones, Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, Netherlands • Sid Katz, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada • Richard Lichen, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China • Otto J. Schantz, University of Koblenz, Landau, Germany • Karin Volkwein-Caplan, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, USA • Rhodri Windsor-Liscombe, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada A Social Knowledge Platform Create Your Academic Profile and Connect to Peers Developed by our brilliant Common Ground software team, Scholar connects academic peers from around the world in a space that is modulated for serious discourse and the presentation of knowledge works.

Utilize Your Free Scholar Membership Today through • Building your academic profile and list of published works. • Joining a community with a thematic or disciplinary focus. • Establishing a new knowledge community relevant to your field. • Creating new academic work in our innovative publishing space. • Building a peer review network around your work or courses.

Scholar Quick Start Guide 1. Navigate to http://cgscholar.com. Select [Sign Up] below ‘Create an Account’. 2. Enter a “blip” (a very brief one-sentence description of yourself). 3. Click on the “Find and join communities” link located under the YOUR COMMUNITIES heading (On the left hand navigation bar). 4. Search for a community to join or create your own.

Scholar Next Steps – Build Your Academic Profile • About: Include information about yourself, including a linked CV in the top, dark blue bar. • Interests: Create searchable information so others with similar interests can locate you. • Peers: Invite others to connect as a peer and keep up with their work. • Shares: Make your page a comprehensive portfolio of your work by adding publications in the Shares area - be these full text copies of works in cases where you have permission, or a link to a bookstore, library or publisher listing. If you choose Common Ground’s hybrid open access option, you may post the final version of your work here, available to anyone on the web if you select the ‘make my site public’ option. • Image: Add a photograph of yourself to this page; hover over the avatar and click the pencil/edit icon to select. • Publisher: All Common Ground community members have free access to our peer review space for their courses. Here they can arrange for students to write multimodal essays or reports in the Creator space (including image, video, audio, dataset or any other file), manage student peer review, co-ordinate assessments, and share students’ works by publishing them to the Community space. A Digital Learning Platform Use Scholar to Support Your Teaching

Scholar is a social knowledge platform that transforms the patterns of interaction in learning by putting students first, positioning them as knowledge producers instead of passive knowledge consumers. Scholar provides scaffolding to encourage making and sharing knowledge drawing from multiple sources rather than memorizing knowledge that has been presented to them.

Scholar also answers one of the most fundamental questions students and instructors have of their performance, “How am I doing?” Typical modes of assessment often answer this question either too late to matter or in a way that is not clear or comprehensive enough to meaningfully contribute to better performance.

A collaborative research and development project between Common Ground and the College of Education at the University of Illinois, Scholar contains a knowledge community space, a multimedia web writing space, a formative assessment environment that facilitates peer review, and a dashboard with aggregated machine and human formative and summative writing assessment data.

The following Scholar features are only available to Common Ground Knowledge Community members as part of their membership. Please email us at [email protected] if you would like the complimentary educator account that comes with participation in a Common Ground conference.

• Create projects for groups of students, involving draft, peer review, revision and publication. • Publish student works to each student’s personal portfolio space, accessible through the web for class discussion. • Create and distribute surveys. • Evaluate student work using a variety of measures in the assessment dashboard.

Scholar is a generation beyond learning management systems. It is what we term a Digital Learning Platform—it transforms learning by engaging students in powerfully horizontal “social knowledge” relationships. For more information, visit: http://knowledge.cgscholar.com. Sport & Society Journal Collection

Committed to fostering an intellectual frame of reference that supports an interdisciplinary conversation on the relationships between sports and societies Sport & Society Collection of Journals

About The Sport & Society Journal Collection provides a forum for wide-ranging and interdisciplinary examinations of sport, including: the history, sociology, and psychology of sport; sports medicine and health; physical and health education; and sports administration and management. The discussions in the journal collection range from broad conceptualizations of the fundamental Indexing logics of sport to highly specific readings of sporting practices in particular times and places. The Australian Research Council (ERA) The journals in the Sport & Society Journal Collection are peer-reviewed, supported by rigorous, Founded: 2010 criterion-referenced article ranking and qualitative commentary processes, ensuring that only intellectual work of significance is published. Publication Frequency: Quarterly (March, June, September, December)

Acceptance Rate: Collection Editor 29% (2015)

Community Website: sportandsociety.com Keith Gilbert, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, UK Bookstore: ijr.cgpublisher.com

Associate Editors Articles published in the Sport & Society Journal Collection are peer reviewed by scholars who are active members of the Sport & Society Knowledge Community. Reviewers may be past or present conference delegates, fellow submitters to the collection, or scholars who have volunteered to review papers (and have been screened by Common Ground’s editorial team). This engagement with the knowledge community, as well as Common Ground’s synergistic and criterion-based evaluation system, distinguishes the peer review process from journals that have a more top-down approach to refereeing.

Reviewers are assigned to papers based on their academic interests and scholarly expertise. In recognition of the valuable feedback and publication recommendations that they provide, reviewers are acknowledged as Associate Editors in the volume that includes the paper(s) they reviewed. Thus, in addition to the Sport & Society Journal Collection Editors and Advisory Board, the Associate Editors contribute significantly to the overall editorial quality and content of the collection. Sport & Society Collection Titles

The International Journal of Sport and Society: Annual Review ISSN: 2152-7857 DOI: 10.18848/2152-7857/CGP Indexing: SPORTDiscus with Full Text (EBSCO), The Australian Research Council (ERA) About: The International Journal of Sport and Society: Annual Review consists of articles considered to be of wide interest across the field, selected by our editorial team in consultation with the Advisory Board.

Journal of Sport and Health ISSN: 2381-7070 (print)| 2381-7097 (online) DOI: 10.18848/2381-7070/CGP Indexing: SPORTDiscus with Full Text (EBSCO) About: The Journal of Sport and Health focuses on the relationship of sports participation to physical, mental, and emotional health and wellbeing.

Journal of Sporting Cultures and Identities ISSN: 2381-6678 (print) | 2381-6694 (online) DOI: 10.18848/2381-6678/CGP Indexing: SPORTDiscus with Full Text (EBSCO) About: The Journal of Sporting Cultures and Identities focuses on sport’s motivations, meaning, and purposes.

Journal of Sports Management and Commercialization ISSN: 2381-6937 (print) | 2381-6961 (online) DOI: 10.18848/2381-6937/CGP Indexing: SPORTDiscus with Full Text (EBSCO) About: The Journal of Sports Management and Commercialization focuses on sports organizations, leadership, and management.

Journal of Sports Pedagogy and Physical Education ISSN: 2381-7100 (print)| 2381-7119 (online) DOI: 10.18848/2381-7100/CGP Indexing: SPORTDiscus with Full Text (EBSCO) About: The Journal of Sports Pedagogy and Physical Education focuses on learning about and through sport. Sport & Society Submission Process

Journal Collection Submission Process and Timeline Below, please find step-by-step instructions on the journal article submission process:

1. Submit a conference presentation proposal.

2. Once your conference presentation proposal has been accepted, you may submit your article by clicking the “Add a Paper” button on the right side of your proposal page. You may upload your article anytime between the first and the final submission deadlines. (See dates below)

3. Once your article is received, it is verified against template and submission requirements. If your article satisfies these requirements, your identity and contact details are then removed, and the article is matched to two appropriate referees and sent for review. You can view the status of your article at any time by logging into your CGPublisher account at www.CGPublisher.com.

4. When both referee reports are uploaded, and after the referees’ identities have been removed, you will be notified by email and provided with a link to view the reports.

5. If your article has been accepted, you will be asked to accept the Publishing Agreement and submit a final copy of your article. If your paper is accepted with revisions, you will be required to submit a change note with your final submission, explaining how you revised your article in light of the referees’ comments. If your article is rejected, you may resubmit it once, with a detailed change note, for review by new referees.

6. Once we have received the final submission of your article, which was accepted or accepted with revisions, our Publishing Department will give your article a final review. This final review will verify that you have complied with the Chicago Manual of Style (16th edition), and will check any edits you have made while considering the feedback of your referees. After this review has been satisfactorily completed, your paper will be typeset and a proof will be sent to you for approval before publication.

7. Individual articles may be published “Web First” with a full citation. Full issues follow at regular, quarterly intervals. All issues are published 4 times per volume (except the annual review, which is published once per volume).

Submission Timeline You may submit your article for publication to the journal at any time throughout the year. The rolling submission deadlines are as follows: • Submission Round 1 – 15 January • Submission Round 2 – 15 April • Submission Round 3 – 15 July • Submission Round 4 (final) – 15 October

Note: If your article is submitted after the final deadline for the volume, it will be considered for the following year’s volume. The sooner you submit, the sooner your article will begin the peer review process. Also, because we publish “Web First,” early submission means that your article may be published with a full citation as soon as it is ready, even if that is before the full issue is published. Sport & Society Common Ground Open

Hybrid Open Access All Common Ground Journals are Hybrid Open Access. Hybrid Open Access is an option increasingly offered by both university presses and well-known commercial publishers.

Hybrid Open Access means some articles are available only to subscribers, while others are made available at no charge to anyone searching the web. Authors pay an additional fee for the open access option. Authors may do this because open access is a requirement of their research-funding agency, or they may do this so non-subscribers can access their article for free.

Common Ground’s open access charge is $250 per article­–a very reasonable price compared to our hybrid open access competitors and purely open access journals resourced with an author publication fee. Digital articles are normally only available through individual or institutional subscriptions or for purchase at $5 per article. However, if you choose to make your article Open Access, this means anyone on the web may download it for free.

Paying subscribers still receive considerable benefits with access to all articles in the journal, from both current and past volumes, without any restrictions. However, making your paper available at no charge through Open Access increases its visibility, accessibility, potential readership, and citation counts. Open Access articles also generate higher citation counts.

Institutional Open Access Common Ground is proud to announce an exciting new model of scholarly publishing called Institutional Open Access.

Institutional Open Access allows faculty and graduate students to submit articles to Common Ground journals for unrestricted open access publication. These articles will be freely and publicly available to the whole world through our hybrid open access infrastructure. With Institutional Open Access, instead of the author paying a per-article open access fee, institutions pay a set annual fee that entitles their students and faculty to publish a given number of open access articles each year.

The rights to the articles remain with the subscribing institution. Both the author and the institution can also share the final typeset version of the article in any place they wish, including institutional repositories, personal websites, and privately or publicly accessible course materials. We support the highest Sherpa/Romeo access level—Green.

For more information on how to make your article Open Access, or information on Institutional Open Access, please contact us at [email protected]. Sport & Society Journal Awards

International Award for Excellence The Sport & Society Journal Collection presents an annual International Award for Excellence for new research or thinking in the area of sport and society. All articles submitted for publication in the Sport & Society Journal Collection are entered into consideration for this award. The review committee for the award is selected from the International Advisory Board for the collection and the annual Sport & Society Conference. The committee selects the winning article from the ten highest-ranked articles emerging from the review process and according to the selection criteria outlined in the reviewer guidelines. The remaining nine top papers will be featured on our website.

Award Winners, Volume 5 Deborah Agnew, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia Murray J. N. Drummond, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia

For the Article “Australian Football, Masculinity, and the Acceptance of Pain and Injury as a Career ‘Norm’”

Abstract Playing in pain and with an injury is common in sport. Players are socialised early to accept pain and injury as a career norm, and male athletes who are unwilling to conform to this norm risk having their masculinity questioned. Such is the dominance of injury normalisation in sport; in retirement, many athletes perceive themselves to have been “lucky” to escape permanent injury despite experiencing long-term pain or discomfort. This was a qualitative research project which utilised a social constructionist and life history perspective. 20 retired Australian footballers took part in semi- structured interviews regarding their perceptions of pain, masculinity, and careers as elite Australian footballers and the consequences in retirement after having played in pain. The data was thematically analysed with three themes emerging; playing in pain, masking the pain, and living in pain. The denial of pain both during careers and in retirement is a common occurrence; therefore, in order to improve the quality of life post-career, the tolerance of pain and injury as a normal career expectation needs to be challenged. Much of the research into contact sports and pain has been conducted in Rugby; thus, this research is significant as the pain experiences of retired Australian footballers with regard to the construction of masculinity are largely unknown. Sport & Society Subscriptions and Access

Community Membership and Personal Subscriptions As part of each conference registration, all conference participants (both virtual and in-person) have a one-year digital subscription to the entire Sport & Society Journal Collection. This complimentary personal subscription grants access to both the current volume of the collection as well as the entire backlist. The period of complimentary access begins at the time of registration and ends one year after the close of the conference. After that time, delegates may purchase a personal subscription.

To view articles, go to http://ijr.cgpublisher.com/. Select the “Login” option and provide a CGPublisher username and password. Then, select an article and download the PDF. For lost or forgotten login details, select “forgot your login” to request a new password.

Journal Subscriptions Common Ground offers print and digital subscriptions to all of its journals. Subscriptions are available to the full Sport & Society Journal Collection, individual journals within the collection, and to custom suites based on a given institution’s unique content needs. Subscription prices are based on a tiered scale that corresponds to the full-time enrollment (FTE) of the subscribing institution.

For more information, please visit: • http://sportandsociety.com/journals/subscribe • Or contact us at [email protected]

Library Recommendations Download the Library Recommendation form from our website to recommend that your institution subscribe to the Sport & Society Journal Collection: http://commongroundpublishing.com/support/recommend-a-subscription-to- your-library. Sport & Society Book Imprint

Aiming to set new standards in participatory knowledge creation and scholarly publication Sport & Society Book Imprint

Call for Books Common Ground is setting new standards of rigorous academic knowledge creation and scholarly publication. Unlike other publishers, we’re not interested in the size of potential markets or competition from other books. We’re only interested in the intellectual quality of the work. If your book is a brilliant contribution to a specialist area of knowledge that only serves a small intellectual community, we still want to publish it. If it is expansive and has a broad appeal, we want to publish it too, but only if it is of the highest intellectual quality.

We welcome proposals or completed manuscript submissions of: • Individually and jointly authored books • Edited collections addressing a clear, intellectually challenging theme • Collections of articles published in our journals • Out-of-copyright books, including important books that have gone out of print and classics with new introductions

Book Proposal Guidelines Books should be between 30,000 and 150,000 words in length. They are published simultaneously in print and electronic formats and are available through Amazon and as Kindle editions. To publish a book, please send us a proposal including: • Title • Author(s)/editor(s) • Draft back-cover blurb • Author bio note(s) • Table of contents • Intended audience and significance of contribution • Sample chapters or complete manuscript • Manuscript submission date

Proposals can be submitted by email to [email protected]. Please note the book imprint to which you are submitting in the subject line. Sport & Society Book Imprint

Call for Book Reviewers Common Ground Publishing is seeking distinguished peer reviewers to evaluate book manuscripts.

As part of our commitment to intellectual excellence and a rigorous review process, Common Ground sends book manuscripts that have received initial editorial approval to peer reviewers to further evaluate and provide constructive feedback. The comments and guidance that these reviewers supply is invaluable to our authors and an essential part of the publication process.

Common Ground recognizes the important role of reviewers by acknowledging book reviewers as members of the Editorial Review Board for a period of at least one year. The list of members of the Editorial Review Board will be posted on our website.

If you would like to review book manuscripts, please send an email to [email protected] with: • A brief description of your professional credentials • A list of your areas of interest and expertise • A copy of your CV with current contact details

If we feel that you are qualified and we require refereeing for manuscripts within your purview, we will contact you. Sport & Society Book Imprint

Dope Hunters: The Influence of Scientists on the Global Fight Against Doping in Sport, 1967-1992

Jörg Krieger

Based on extensive multi-national and multi-lingual archival research, this book examines the evolution of scientific knowledge within the international anti-doping community that coalesced during the second half of the twentieth century. Two key figures from a group of leading scientific experts serve as the focal points of the investigation, British pharmacologist Arnold Beckett and German biochemist Manfred Donike. After supporting early anti-doping initiatives in the late 1960s and 1970s, they became highly influential in such leading sports organizations as the International Olympic Committee and the International Association of Athletics Federations. From the 1980s onward, the international sport system relied heavily on their network of anti-doping laboratory experts in maintaining and advancing a rigid testing regime. Hence, this book offers a nuanced analysis of the establishment of the structures and initiatives in the global fight against doping in ISBN—978-1-61229-834-4 sport. 394 Pages

Community Website: sportandsociety.com Author Bio: Dr. Jörg Krieger is lecturer at the Institute of Sport History and Olympic Studies Centre of the Bookstore German Sport University Cologne. He is the coordinator of the Physical Education Degrees and sportandsociety. cgpublisher.com the Master of Arts Olympic Studies. He has a Master of Arts in International Sport Policy from the University of Brighton and a Master of Arts in Olympic Studies from the German Sport University Cologne. His other main fields of research are the history of the International Association of Athletics Federations and the Youth Olympic Games. Sport & Society Book Imprint

The Real and the Unreal: Hypernarratives of Indigenous Athletes and the Changing Significance of Race, 2nd edition

Stella Coram

The second edition of The Real and Unreal reflects on the objective from the first edition, which was to claim the changing significance of race in the context of Australian sport. Race is celebrated in terms of indigenous athletic dominance, yet the persistence of racial inequality on and off field is denied. The approach, underlined by critical race theory, argues the presence of racial discourse in the mainstream press through the framing of hyper realism of race, looks to hold. Whereas the project of dismantling racial hegemony through cultural transformations underscores the rise of celebratory discourse in the first edition, the emphasis in this second edition is on how they converge to unintentionally reaffirm colonial ideology of racial difference. And while a more circumspect tone is noted, logics of race continue to inform the representation of indigenous athletes. For instance, the construct of “indigenous talent” forms part of normalising discourse, of ISBN—978-1-61229-775-0 indigenous inclusion in Australian Rules football, that masks the realities of competition in which 161 Pages few make it, the hard work that goes into being a “talent”, the racial stereotyping of “talent”, and the Community Website: burden of being a “talent”. sportandsociety.com

Bookstore sportandsociety. Author Bio: cgpublisher.com Stella Coram, PhD, is the author of Extinguishing Title: Maori Land Rights, People and Perspective in Postcolonial New Zealand which was shortlisted for the Nga Kupu Ora Maori Book Awards in 2014. An independent scholar, she writes critically on the intersection of race and culture in the contexts of indigenous social justice, education and sport. At present, she is a “trailing spouse” in Papua New Guinea working on her next project based on correspondence to family and friends in Australia. Sport & Society Book Imprint

Fighting: Intellectualising Combat Sports

Keith Gilbert (ed.)

This book is the first of its kind that relates specifically to the practical and theoretical aspects of martial arts in contemporary society. Within its covers are a collection of thirty-five cutting-edge chapters by leading practitioners and academics who raise questions and provide answers regarding the broad relationship between fighting and the intellectualisation of the sports that constitute the martial arts. In their writings they highlight the remarkable work being undertaken by coaches, practitioners and exponents of various martial arts and the benefits of martial arts to children and positive health of individuals in society. Individually, they clarify the meaning of their particular martial art and highlight some of the problems they have encountered throughout their career and in researching the area. However, this is a very positive book that is not just of an academic nature but a text that provides ideas and innovations that can be used by future researchers and aspirants and practitioners in the field. ISBN—978-1-61229-431-5 410 Pages The authors throughout the book largely agree in concluding that there are aspects of the Community Website: relationship between the martial arts and general society which have largely gone unnoticed, and sportandsociety.com they tackle the difficult perspectives of injury, stress, coaching, lack of understanding, pain, and

Bookstore training within their particular martial art. Of importance are their comments relating to the mind– sportandsociety. body dichotomy and the power of meditation and practice in their sport. In doing so, they provide cgpublisher.com examples of good practice and strong programmes and make suggestions as to where the status quo needs to be addressed in order for the field to go forward.

This volume will be of great interest and value to academics working in all fields of martial arts, as well as to undergraduate and graduate students researching different disciplines. More importantly, it will also be a crucial aid to researchers who are interested in developing their sport in universities and colleges across the world.

Editor Bio: Keith Gilbert is a professor of sports management at the University of East London. Sport & Society Book Imprint

Taking the Next Step: Social Capital and Athlete Development

Edoardo G.F. Rosso

Taking the Next Step looks at a particular issue of player development that too often remains under- appreciated: the influence of others. In particular, it casts light on resources that relationships with others bring about and that have the capacity to affect the ability of players to develop into successful, elite athletes. To this end, it brings into the discussion the contested concept of social capital, here defined as “the ability of individuals and groups to gain resources by means of membership in social networks.” However, while research on social capital and sport tends to focus on social capital as an outcome of sport participation, this work considers the “inverse relationship” between the two. This relates, for instance, to how social resources can help or undermine the development of players, a club’s sporting achievements, or the organisational development of a sport officiating body. In other words, it looks at non-technical aspects of athlete development in football—those other “little things” that can make the difference in a player’s career or help bringing ISBN—978-1-61229-616-6 the right people together at the right time and facilitate innovation and creativity. The analysis 155 Pages pertains to how resources residing in networks encompassing players, their immediate social Community Website: environments, and the South Australian system of players’ production (including coaches) can sportandsociety.com facilitate or hinder the players’ opportunities to take the next step in their career.

Bookstore sportandsociety. cgpublisher.com Author Bio: Edoardo G.F. Rosso is a social geographer with an interest in sport studies, sport development, coaching, physical activity and well-being, social capital, sport for development, sport geography, social exclusion, and community development. He currently holds a position as a research fellow in sport and development in the University of South Australia’s Division of Health Sciences. He completed his PhD at Flinders University in Adelaide. Since 2003, he has been a women’s football coach and, to date, he has coached girls and women at the school, club, and state levels. In his spare time he travels the world with his wife and brews beer in his Adelaide home. Sport & Society Book Imprint

Understanding Racial Portrayals in the Sports Media: Why is Michael Vick So Fast and Peyton Manning So Smart?

Daniel B. Coogan

Despite a historical track record of black Americans’ phenomenal athletic success, a racial dichotomy has emerged in the sports media where black athletes’ achievements are qualified based on unearned physical qualities, yet white athletes’ achievements are often attributed to earned cognitive and psychological qualities, like discipline and effort. This presents a problem, as television viewers with limited interactions with individuals outside their own racial or ethnic group tend to rely on the media to form opinions of those other racial and ethnic groups.

ESPN’s Sportscenter, with its massive audience and cultural influence, possesses a unique opportunity to undermine stereotypes found in the media coverage of other institutions, like crime and politics. In Understanding Racial Portrayals in the Sports Media: Why is Michael Vick so ISBN—978-1-61229-374-5 Fast and Peyton Manning so Smart?, Daniel Coogan analyzes new data on current Sportscenter 108 Pages programming to show that the relationship between portrayal and athlete race may be more Community Website: complicated than prior research suggests. While evidence of a decline in stereotyping emerges, sportandsociety.com Coogan identifies that factors, such as the sport, the level of competition, and characteristics of the Bookstore commentator, affect the likelihood of stereotyping. Understanding Racial Portrayals in the Sports sportandsociety. Media presents important reading for anyone interested in the complex relationship between race cgpublisher.com and the mass media.

Author Bio: Daniel Coogan’s research focuses on race, sports, media, crime, and incarceration. He lives in Maryland with his wife and daughter. Sport & Society Conference

Curating global interdisciplinary spaces, supporting professionally rewarding relationships Sport & Society About the Conference

Conference History Founded in 2010, the International Conference on Sport & Society provides a forum for the examination of sport from various perspectives, including: history, sociology, psychology, medicine, health, education, administration, and management. The discussions that take place range from broad conceptualizations of the fundamental logics of sport, to highly specific readings of sporting practices in particular times and places. The conference is held annually in different locations around the world, many in association with significant sporting events.

The International Conference on Sport & Society is built upon four key features: Internationalism, Interdisciplinarity, Inclusiveness, and Interaction. Conference delegates include leaders in the field as well as emerging scholars, who travel to the conference from all corners of the globe and represent a broad range of disciplines and perspectives. A variety of presentation options and session types offer delegates multiple opportunities to engage, to discuss key issues in the field, and to build relationships with scholars from other cultures and disciplines.

Past Conferences: • 2010 - UBC Robeson Square, Vancouver, Canada • 2012 - Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK • 2013 - University Center Chicago, Chicago, USA • 2014 - Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil • 2015 - University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Plenary Speaker Highlights: The International Conference on Sport & Society has a rich history of featuring leading and emerging voices from the field, including:

• Robert K. Barney, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (2010) • Roberto Ferreira dos Santos, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2014) • Joy Gaston Gayles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh,USA (2013) • Richard Giulianotti, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK (2014) • Wilfried Lemke, United Nations Special Adviser on Sport for Development and Peace, Geneva, Switzerland (2012) • Mark Moore, Former Professional Hockey Player, Toronto, USA (2010) • Richard Pound, Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games, Vancouver, Canada (2010) • Andrew C. Sparkes, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK (2012)

Become a Partner Common Ground Publishing has a long history of meaningful and substantive partnerships with universities, research institutes, government bodies, and non-governmental organizations. Developing these partnerships is a pillar of our Knowledge Community agenda. There are a number of ways you can partner with a Common Ground Knowledge Community. Contact us at [email protected] to become a partner. Sport & Society About the Conference

Conference Principles and Features The structure of the conference is based on four core principles that pervade all aspects of the knowledge community:

International This conference travels around the world to provide opportunities for delegates to see and experience different countries and locations. But more importantly, the Sport & Society Conference offers a tangible and meaningful opportunity to engage with scholars from a diversity of cultures and perspectives. This year, delegates from over 24 countries are in attendance, offering a unique and unparalleled opportunity to engage directly with colleagues from all corners of the globe.

Interdisciplinary Unlike association conferences attended by delegates with similar backgrounds and specialties, this conference brings together researchers, practitioners, and scholars from a wide range of disciplines who have a shared interest in the themes and concerns of this community. As a result, topics are broached from a variety of perspectives, interdisciplinary methods are applauded, and mutual respect and collaboration are encouraged.

Inclusive Anyone whose scholarly work is sound and relevant is welcome to participate in this community and conference, regardless of discipline, culture, institution, or career path. Whether an emeritus professor, graduate student, researcher, teacher, policymaker, practitioner, or administrator, your work and your voice can contribute to the collective body of knowledge that is created and shared by this community.

Interactive To take full advantage of the rich diversity of cultures, backgrounds, and perspectives represented at the conference, there must be ample opportunities to speak, listen, engage, and interact. A variety of session formats, from more to less structured, are offered throughout the conference to provide these opportunities. Sport & Society Ways of Speaking

Plenary Plenary speakers, chosen from among the world’s leading thinkers, offer formal presentations on topics of broad interest to the community and conference delegation. One or more speakers are scheduled into a plenary session, most often the first session of the day. As a general rule, there are no questions or discussion during these sessions. Instead, plenary speakers answer questions and participate in informal, extended discussions during their Garden Conversation.

Garden Conversation Garden Conversations are informal, unstructured sessions that allow delegates a chance to meet plenary speakers and talk with them at length about the issues arising from their presentation. When the venue and weather allow, we try to arrange for a circle of chairs to be placed outdoors.

Talking Circles Held on the first day of the conference, Talking Circles offer an early opportunity to meet other delegates with similar interests and concerns. Delegates self-select into groups based on broad thematic areas and then engage in extended discussion about the issues and concerns they feel are of utmost importance to that segment of the community. Questions like “Who are we?”, ”What is our common ground?”, “What are the current challenges facing society in this area?”, “What challenges do we face in constructing knowledge and effecting meaningful change in this area?” may guide the conversation. When possible, a second Talking Circle is held on the final day of the conference, for the original group to reconvene and discuss changes in their perspectives and understandings as a result of the conference experience. Reports from the Talking Circles provide a framework for the delegates’ final discussions during the Closing Session.

Themed Paper Presentations Paper presentations are grouped by general themes or topics into sessions comprised of three or four presentations followed by group discussion. Each presenter in the session makes a formal twenty-minute presentation of their work; Q&A and group discussion follow after all have presented. Session Chairs introduce the speakers, keep time on the presentations, and facilitate the discussion. Each presenter’s formal, written paper will be available to participants if accepted to the journal.

Colloquium Colloquium sessions are organized by a group of colleagues who wish to present various dimensions of a project or perspectives on an issue. Four or five short formal presentations are followed by a moderator. A single article or multiple articles may be submitted to the journal based on the content of a colloquium session. Sport & Society Ways of Speaking

Focused Discussion For work that is best discussed or debated, rather than reported on through a formal presentation, these sessions provide a forum for an extended “roundtable” conversation between an author and a small group of interested colleagues. Several such discussions occur simultaneously in a specified area, with each author’s table designated by a number corresponding to the title and topic listed in the program schedule. Summaries of the author’s key ideas, or points of discussion, are used to stimulate and guide the discourse. A single article, based on the scholarly work and informed by the focused discussion as appropriate, may be submitted to the journal.

Workshop/Interactive Session Workshop sessions involve extensive interaction between presenters and participants around an idea or hands-on experience of a practice. These sessions may also take the form of a crafted panel, staged conversation, dialogue or debate—all involving substantial interaction with the audience. A single article (jointly authored, if appropriate) may be submitted to the journal based on a workshop session.

Poster Sessions Poster sessions present preliminary results of works in progress or projects that lend themselves to visual displays and representations. These sessions allow for engagement in informal discussions about the work with interested delegates throughout the session.

Virtual Lightning Talk Lightning talks are 5-minute “flash” video presentations. Authors present summaries or overviews of their work, describing the essential features (related to purpose, procedures, outcomes, or product). Like Paper Presentations, Lightning Talks are grouped according to topic or perspective into themed sessions. Authors are welcome to submit traditional “lecture style” videos or videos that use visual supports like PowerPoint. Final videos must be submitted at least one month prior to the conference start date. After the conference, videos are then presented on the community YouTube channel. Full papers can based in the virtual poster can also be submitted for consideration in the journal.

Virtual Poster This format is ideal for presenting preliminary results of work in progress or for projects that lend themselves to visual displays and representations. Each poster should include a brief abstract of the purpose and procedures of the work. After acceptance, presenters are provided with a template, and Virtual Posters are submitted as a PDF or in PowerPoint. Final posters must be submitted at least one month prior to the conference start date. Full papers can based in the virtual poster can also be submitted for consideration in the journal. Sport & Society Daily Schedule

Thursday, 2 June

8:00–9:00 Conference Registration Desk Open 9:00–9:30 Conference Opening—Kimberly D. Kendall, Common Ground Publishing, USA Plenary Session—Diana Bertsch, VP World Championship Events, IRONMAN, USA 9:30–10:00 “The IRONMAN Way : The IRONMAN World Championship and Sustainability in Endurance Sports” Plenary Session—James Gillett, Associate Dean of Social Sciences, McMaster University, 10:00–10:30 Canada “Intangible Sporting Cultures: Land, Water and Air” 10:30–11:00 Garden Conversation and Coffee Break 11:00–11:45 Talking Circles 11:45–12:00 Transition 12:00–13:00 Lunch & Film Screening: Business of Amateurs 13:00–14:15 Parallel Sessions 14:15–14:30 Break 14:30–16:10 Parallel Sessions 16:10–17:05 Welcome Reception and Poster Session

Friday, 3 June

8:30–9:00 Conference Registration Desk Open 9:00–9:20 Daily Update—Kimberly D. Kendall, Common Ground Publishing, USA Plenary Session—Jonathan Casper, Associate Professor and Sport Management Program Coordinator, Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, College of Natural 9:20–9:50 Resources, North Carolina State University, USA "Sport and Environmental Sustainability: The Impact on Society and Health" 9:50–10:20 Garden Conversation 10:20–12:00 Parallel Sessions 12:00–13:00 Lunch & Film Screening: Happy Valley 13:00–14:40 Parallel Sessions 14:40–14:55 Break 14:55–16:35 Parallel Sessions 16:35 Special Event—Conference Closing and Award Ceremony Sport & Society Conference Highlights

Featured Sessions

Journal Award Winner, Volume 6 Thursday, 2 June | 14:30–16:10 | Room 3

Prof. Murray J.N. Drummond, SHAPE Research Centre School of Education, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia

“Boys’ and Young Men’s Bodies: Intersections with Sport and Physical Activity”

Description: This is a colloquium on boys’ and young men’s bodies in contemporary Western culture particularly within the context of sport and physical activity. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities

Journal Award Winner, Volume 6 Friday, 3 June | 14:55–16:35 | Room 1 (presentation in parallel session)

Dr Deborah Agnew, Sport, Health, and Physical Activity, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia

“Boys Need Sport But...”: Competing Perspectives on the Need for Sport and the Barriers to Participation

Description: This paper highlights a shift away from formal participation in organized sports towards informal, unstructured play which has significant implications for the nature of sport in Australia.

Special Events

Pre-Conference Tour Wednesday, 1 June ­| 8:00-11:30 (Leaving from conference hotel) Who was Diamond Head Charlie? Why did Kamehameha’s warriors attack Oahu? Where were the ancient heiaus human sacrificial altars and burial caves? How did the crater receive its famous name? Enjoy an educational and fun guided hike to the 763 foot summit of the most famous crater on Earth. Incredible 360 degree views of Waikiki and the turquoise blue Pacific Ocean await you. This exciting tour of the world famous Diamond Head Crater begins with a short introductory talk by a trained nature guide. You will learn about the fascinating volcanic creation, Hawaiian history, European discovery, early cattle ranching, and modern day military use of the “Gibraltar of the Pacific” while being escorted on a 45 minute walk that ascends to the 763’ summit. Along the way the group will stop at several points to rest and photograph the crater. Walking up stairways, going into a dark 200 foot tunnel and climbing a spiral staircase imparts a sense of adventure. From the summit you’ll be thrilled by the incredible 360 degrees panoramic views of Waikiki Beach, the emerald green mountains, and the sparkling aquamarine water of the Pacific Ocean below.

Conference Welcome Reception & Poster Session Thursday, 2 June ­| 17:00-18:00 (Ballroom) Common Ground Publishing and the Sport & Society Conference will be hosting a welcome reception at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. The reception will be held directly following the last parallel session of the first day, Thursday, 2 June 2016. Join other conference delegates and plenary speakers for drinks, light hor d’oeuvres, and a chance to converse.

We look forward to hosting you! Sport & Society Conference Highlights

Lunch and Film Screening HAPPY VALLEY Friday, 3 June | 12:00–13:00

The Penn State Sexual Abuse Scandal Is there such a thing as an innocent bystander? This Sundance film includes interviews with Jerry Sandusky’s adopted son Matt Sandusky, the Paterno family, Penn State students, faculty and community to give us multiple perspectives on this complicated and tragic tale.

Sport & Society Conference Attendees can purchase HAPPY VALLEY at www.gooddocs.net

20% Discount for conference attendees: Use Code: HAPPYVALLEY20%JULY31” Sport & Society Venue Maps

Please find below maps of the two floors that will be used throughout both days of the conference.

Third Floor

Second Floor Sport & Society Conference Shuttle Schedule

Conference Shuttle Schedule The Sport & Society Conference will provide a shuttle between the conference hotel and the conference venue. The shuttle will only run in the morning and again at the close of the conference day. Should you need to leave the conference venue during the conference, you will need to arrange your own transportation.

Date Time Shuttle 1: 7:30 AM Hotel to Venue Thursday, 2 June Shuttle 2: 8:00 AM Shuttle 1: 4:45 PM Venue to Hotel Thursday, 2 June Shuttle 2: 5:30 PM Shuttle 1: 8:15 AM Hotel to Venue Friday, 3 June Shuttle 2: 8:45 AM Shuttle 1: 5:00 PM Venue to Hotel Friday, 3 June Shuttle 2: 5:30 PM Sport & Society Plenary Speakers

Diana Bertsch “The IRONMAN Way : The IRONMAN World Championship and Sustainability in Endurance Sports” Diana Bertsch grew up in the rural outskirts of Las Vegas. She earned a Bachelor of Science in Business Management from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and a Masters of International Business while abroad in Europe. She witnessed the IRONMAN Triathlon for the first time while visiting Kona and knew she had to do that event one day. She soon moved to Kona and volunteered for the event in 1992. In 1995 she completed the IRONMAN World Championship. Diana joined the IRONMAN Team as a staff member in 1997. From 1999 she took a job in the Hawai`i resort industry but returned to IRONMAN in early 2003 as the Event Director for the IRONMAN World Championship. Diana is now the Vice President of World Championship Events. She oversees the IRONMAN 70.3 World Championship, which rotates globally each year, and the IRONMAN World Championship in Kailua-Kona, Hawai`i, the sport’s premier and most sought after event. Diana resides in Holualoa, Hawai`i with her son William and their dog Kolohe, and in her spare time is an avid cyclist.

Dr. Jonathan Casper “Sport and Environmental Sustainability: The Impact on Society and Health” Dr. Jonathan Casper is an Associate Professor and Sport Management Program Coordinator in the Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management in the College of Natural Resources at North Carolina State University. Dr. Casper is internationally recognized as a leading researcher on sport and the natural environment. His research seeks to help sport organizations integrate sustainability efforts into organizational operations, marketing, and fan engagement. Specific to this project his expertise lies in leveraging large events as informal educational settings (or platforms) and influencing behavior change. Dr. Casper has worked extensively with collegiate athletic departments, in particular NC State, to help integrate sustainability within operation and fan engagement. One of Dr. Casper’s strengths is working with athletic departments on sustainability initiatives that require communication and collaboration with multiple stakeholders. Dr. Casper has published in leading peer- reviewed academic journals specific to sport and sustainability and presented his findings at international conferences. Most recently he published an edited text titled “Sport Management and the Natural Environment: Theory and Practice” which is a seminal textbook on this emerging field. He has received external funding for his work on sustainability education and engagement. He also serves as a consultant for collegiate athletics departments and sport sponsors on sustainability initiatives.

Dr. James Gillett “Intangible Sporting Cultures: Land, Water and Air” Dr. James Gillett is Associate Dean of Social Sciences at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. Most recently, his research explores the use of companion species in different social, historical, and institutional contexts. Born in Calgary, Alberta, Dr. Gillett received an Honours BA in Sociology/English from the University of Calgary. He completed his MA and PhD in Sociology at McMaster University. Prior to receiving his current position at McMaster University, James held a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Windsor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology. Dr. Gillett is jointly appointed between the Department of Sociology and the Department of Health, Aging, and Society in the Faculty of Social Sciences. Sport & Society Graduate Scholar Awardees

Alexandra Maris Alexandra Maris is a Master of Arts graduate student at the University of Toronto at the Women and Gender Studies Institute. Her research focus is at the intersection of deviance, gender, and sport. She primarily focuses on female mixed martial artists and gender fluidity as well as paying attention to exclusionary practices women athletes face through creations of deviance (such as pathologization) in male dominated sports. She is a teaching assistant at her home institution and will be beginning her PhD in Kinesiology starting in September 2016 at the University of British Columbia.

Yonca Krahn Yonca Krahn currently works as lecturer and PhD-candidate at the Department of Social Anthropology and Cultural Studies, University of Zurich.She majored in Social and Communication Sciences (BA) and Humanities and Cultural Studies and History (MA) at the University of Lucerne with a focus on culture and publicity. In her dissertation she focuses on the understanding of space and body perception during sportive performance. Decision-makings regarding mobility practices, interaction with landscape, sensual practices stand in connection to sportive performance (training and competition). In her dissertation Yonca Krahn focuses on the understanding of space and body perception during sportive performance. Decision-makings regarding mobility practices, interaction with landscape, and sensual practices stand in connection to sportive performance (training and competition) Autoethnography is part of her praxeographical approach she joins athletes trainings, doing “moving interviews”, she uses photoethnography as well a mental maps to understand a research field which is affected by mobility and the fleeting nature of the moment.

Mercedes Townsend Mercedes Townsend is a recent graduate of Sarah Lawrence College, where she earned her Master’s in Women’s History. She is an alumnus of Louisiana State University, and will be pursuing a JD in Sports Law at Tulane Unviersity in the fall. Mercedes’s research interests include: the interplay between gender and the big business of professional sports, the role of sports fandom in shaping identity, and the social politics of rivalries in the NCAA’s Southeastern Conference. She is a contributor for Sport in American History and has worked in various capacities with the Women’s Sport Foundation. Outside of her academic endeavors, Mercedes is an avid traveller and fan of live music, Netflix, and college football.

Elena Balcaite Elena Balcaite is a PhD candidate at the School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of . Elena’s PhD thesis is a phenomenological account of sports fans, providing a fan-centred holistic understanding of fandom experiences and meanings attached to them, which are explored through a collection of individual fan narratives. Applying a narrative approach to research continually grows Elena’s areas of interest, which include existential psychology, phenomenology, philosophy of science, social theory, and culture and globalisation. Elena holds a BSc degree in Sports Development and an MSc by Research degree from the University of Gloucestershire for her thesis exploring spiritual meanings in sports fanship. She has presented at a number of international research conferences and published in the Journal of Sporting Cultures and Identities. Elena is a self-defined interdisciplinary researcher and has worked with the Faculty of Arts at the University of Melbourne in starting Graduate Research Interdisciplinary Community, which aims to promote collaboration across disciplines and support interdisciplinary researchers in the Faculty. Sport & Society Graduate Scholar Awardees

Ciara Delgado Ciara joined the Charlotte Athletic Club – Duke Energy Center staff as the Personal Training Coordinator in 2014. Ms. Delgado holds a dual master’s degree in sports studies and sports coaching from the United State Sports Academy (Daphne, AL). She has a Level I USATF and Level II USATF (Throws) coaching certifications. Ciara has held her American College of Exercise certified personal trainer certification since 2008. In 2015 Ciara was one of 30 winners of Top 30 Under 30 by Elevate Lifestyle Magazine (Charlotte, NC) - this honor noted the top business professionals in the city under thirty years of age. Through her health and sports industry career, Ms. Delgado has also become an accomplished author. The Silver Spring, Md. native is a 2010 graduate of University of North Carolina (Charlotte) with a bachelor’s in exercise science and a minor in psychology. While working towards her degree, Delgado competed for the 49ers cross country and track teams. She competed in the 800m and 1500m events for track. Her honors included top 10 regional rank for 800m, top 15 regional rank for 1500m, LifeSkills Award Freshman winner, and NCAA Division I appearance for NCAA DI Cross Country Regionals as a freshman. Academically, Ciara was noted as one of America’s Who’s Who in American Colleges and Universities as well as maintaining a high standing on the Dean’s and Athletic Directors Lists. In 2009, Ms. Delgado signed a contract to run as a TrySports Ambassador her senior year of college and in 2010 became their first USA Club Nationals competitor for their cross country team.

Jay Waters Jay Waters is a Master of Arts candidate in the School of Languages and Cultures at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. His research focus is the role of sport, in particular golf, in the acculturation and lives of 1.5 generation Korean New Zealanders. He holds a Master of Management (International Business) and dual Post Graduate Diplomas in Sports Coaching and Business from Massey University (New Zealand). He has edited children’s education books, published in Korea, and worked as a teacher and lecturer in the same field. Outside of his academic pursuits, Jay is a member of the Asia New Zealand Foundation’s Leadership Network and works at the Embassy of the Republic of Korea in Wellington, New Zealand, as well as competing and coaching athletes in Ironman triathlon, endurance and ultra-marathons. Jay is actively engaged in leadership roles in community sports organisations and his current research brings together his broad interdisciplinary interests and experience. THURSDAY, 02 JUNE

THURSDAY, 02 JUNE 8:00-9:00 CONFERENCE REGISTRATION OPEN 9:00-9:30 CONFERENCE OPENING – DR. KIMBERLY D. KENDALL, COMMON GROUND PUBLISHING, CHAMPAIGN USA LENARY ESSION IANA ERTSCH ORLD HAMPIONSHIP VENTS HE AY HE 9:30-10:00 P S – D B , VP W C E , IRONMAN, USA, "T IRONMAN W : T IRONMAN WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY IN ENDURANCE SPORTS " LENARY ESSION R AMES ILLETT SSOCIATE EAN OF OCIAL CIENCES C ASTER NIVERSITY ANADA NTANGIBLE 10:00-10:30 P S – D . J G , A D S S , M M U , C , "I SPORTING CULTURES: LAND, WATER AND AIR" 10:30-11:00 GARDEN CONVERSATION AND COFFEE BREAK 11:00-11:45 TALKING CIRCLES Room 1- Sporting Cultures and Identities Room 2- Sport and Health Room 3- Sports Education Room 4- Sports Management and Commercialization Room 5- 2016 Special Focus: Leisure, Plate, Action: Ecological Awareness in Sports 11:45-12:00 TRANSITION BREAK 12:00-13:00 LUNCH 13:00-14:15 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 1 Cultures and Commercialism Genderlect in Context: Men's and Women's Final Four and Frozen Four Player Tweets Dr. Kent Kaiser, Department of Communication, University of Northwestern, St. Paul, USA Ryan Wienk, Department of Communication, University of Northwestern, St. Paul, USA Overview: Through quantitative content analysis of Tweets by Men's and Women's NCAA Final Four and Hockey Frozen Four players, this study discovers cultural differences and similarities between genders and sports. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Rejecting Technology: A Normative Defense of Fallible Officiating Dr. Chris Johnson, School of International Liberal Arts, MIyazaki International College, Miyazaki Shi, Japan Dr. Jason Taylor, Department of Philosophy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Overview: We argue that efforts to eliminate all errors in officiating through technology are misguided. Instead, errors in officiating offer a unique opportunity to come to terms with our human fallibility. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization The Development of a Sports Product Design Masters Degree Program Dr. Susan Sokolowski, Product Design Program, College of Architecture and Allied Arts, University of Oregon, Portland, USA Overview: The University of Oregon is developing a new Master's Degree program in Sports Product Design. This paper will discuss the development of the new program. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Room 2 Playing Green How "Green" Is My Green Flag? Dr. Wesley Borucki, School of Arts and Sciences, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, USA Overview: This paper will consider whether major auto racing series' green initiatives are truly effective environmentally or whether they are public relations moves to keep public support. Theme: 2016 Special Focus - Leisure, Play, Action: Ecological Awareness in Sports Moving in Nature: Adults' Participation in Sports and Physical Leisure Activities in Natural Environments Jens Høyer-Kruse, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Overview: What is the relationship between participation in sports and physical leisure activities in natural environments and the quantity and availability of different types of nature? Theme: 2016 Special Focus - Leisure, Play, Action: Ecological Awareness in Sports Intangible Sporting Cultures: Land, Water and Air Dr. James Gillett, Sociology, Health, Aging & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Overview: The paper analyzes three different interspecies sporting cultures: on land, in the water, and in the air. Theme: 2016 Special Focus - Leisure, Play, Action: Ecological Awareness in Sports THURSDAY, 02 JUNE 13:00-14:15 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 3 Religion, Conflict, and Sport Pain and Sacrifice: The Religious Dimensions of Violence in Sport Eric Bain-Selbo, Philosophy and Religion, Western Kentucky University, Green, USA Overview: This paper argues that violence in sport functions much as it has functioned in religious contexts. This fact provides important insights for understanding violent sports and our attraction to them. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Implicit Religion and the Use of Prayer in Sport Dr. Steven Aicinena, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin, Odessa, USA Overview: Within the sport context, prayer is commonly observed. Sincere Christian prayer and "wishful" prayers are not one in the same. Observed prayer in sport may mock rather than praise God. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Field of Battle: FIFA’s World Cup and Geo-Political Conflict Dr. Andrew Howe, Department of History, Politics, & Society, La Sierra University, Riverside, USA Overview: This is a study of three different categories of conflict as eflectedr in the quadrennial soccer World Cup finals: colonial disputes, borders conflicts, and those with no appreciable, prior context. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Room 4 Sport Management and Commercialization Leadership Theory Development in Sport and Business Management Literatures Dr. Timothy Harper, Management and Business, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, USA Neil Sinclair, Athletics Department, Middlebury College, Middlebury, USA Dr. Jeffrey Segrave, Health and Exercise Science, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, USA Overview: This paper examines leadership theory in the Sport and Business Management literatures focusing on identifying similarities and differences and proposes the Collegiate Athletic Leadership and Foundational Supporting and Developmental Models. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization An Event Influence on Destination Image and ravelT Decision of Water-based Sport Tourists Dr. Leon Mohan, School of Business, Saint Leo University, Tampa, USA Dr. Dene Williamson, Sport Business, Saint Leo University, Saint Leo, USA Overview: The relationship between destination image and water-based sport attendance is examined. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization The Legal Environment, Soccer Talent and National Soccer Success: A Logistic Analysis Dr. Peter Omondi-Ochieng, School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, USA Overview: I discuss how the legal environment that a national team operates under, may influence commercialization, professionalization and governance. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Room 5 Lightning Talks Building the Future by Examining Past Research on Sport and Performance Enhancements Dr. Cheryl Mallen, Department of Sport Management, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada Overview: This is a content analysis of a sport-related journal sample on doping in sport. Theme: Sport and Health Coaching Experience: The Case of Canadian Coaches Nadina Ayer, Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada Overview: This is an exploration of Canadian tennis coaches’ working careers and interactions with athletes. Theme: Sports Education The Developmental Impact of Mega Events on Developing Economies and Urban Renewal: A Shared Hosting Model Idorenyin Uyoe, Advisory Services, Millennium Choice Inc., , USA Overview: Emerging economies need to rethink their approach to hosting sport mega events. A regional hosting model provides measurable social and financial benefits, whileeducing r risk and overall costs. Theme: Sport and Development

14:15-14:30 COFFEE BREAK THURSDAY, 02 JUNE 14:30-16:10 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 1 Embodiments of Sport Muscularity in Women Who Do Mixed Martial Arts: Navigating Stereotypical Femininity in Different Social Contexts Alexandra Maris, Women and Gender Studies Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Overview: I explore how women in mixed martial arts are viewed in society due to muscular body type and how they navigate stereotypical femininity to compensate for "masculine" traits/characteristics Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities A Western Sport in an Eastern Context: Roller Derby in China Dr. Adele Pavlidis, School of Humanities, Griffith University, Parkwood, Australia Overview: This paper presents findings from a qualitative study in Beijing, China, on women's participation in action sport. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities The Influence of Greek Culture and Identity on Sport and Physical Activity Participation Dianna Yota Lepore, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Dr. Paul O'Halloran, College of Science, Health and Engineering School of Psychology and Public Health Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Maria-Irini Avgoulas, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Overview: This paper will primarily focus on how cultural identity influences an individual’s sport participation through analysing perceptions and experiences of young adult Greek Australian females. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities The Art of Project Leadership: Lessons from the World of Soccer Dr. Lasse Ekstrand, Department of Business and Economic Studies Faculty of Education and Business Studies, University of Gävle, Sweden Dr. Monika Wallmon, Department of Business and Economic Studies Faculty of Education and Business Studies, University of Gävle, Sweden Overview: The multicultural soccer team Paris-Saint-Germain is seen as a model for the globally acting company with heterogeneous employees who should be made to bond and pull together as a team. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Room 2 Navigating Identities Uphill Battle: Title IX, Athletes’ Choices, and the Perception of the Female Coach Dr. Rich Loosbrock, Department of History, Adams State University, Alamosa, USA Josh Looney, Division II, National Collegiate Athletic Association, Indianapolis, USA Overview: Title IX expanded opportunities for female athletes, but women have found it difficult to overcome perceptions that male coaches are more effective. This project surveys NCAA athletes to explain why. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Student Union Athletic Societies and LGBT+ Inclusion in University-based Sport Catherine Phipps, University of Greenwich, London, UK Overview: This research explores inclusion and accessibility of university-based sport for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender students in the UK. Theme: Sports Education Increasing Inclusion through Sports as a Cross-Cutting Category Dr. Timothy Harper, Management and Business, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, USA Dr. Pamela Harper, School of Management, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, USA Overview: This paper posits sports as a cross-cutting category. Social Identity and Social Categorization theories are employed to demonstrate the ability of sports to cross-cut diversity fault lines. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities "But, I'm a Girl?": Policy Barriers Affecting Transgender Athlete Participation in High School Sports Allison Fletcher, Department of Recreation Parks & Tourism Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA Dr. Sarah Young, Department of Recreation Park and Tourism Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA Overview: This paper explores a range of policies affecting sport participation of transgender athletes and why discriminatory barriers should be eliminated in the interest of improving the lives of this population. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities THURSDAY, 02 JUNE 14:30-16:10 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 3 Performance and Risk Mindfulness and Sport Performance: A Literature Review Dr. Jennifer Pintar, Department of Human Performance and Exercise Science, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, USA Overview: The role the mind plays on athletic performance is undeniable. However, many sport conditioning programs ignore the mental aspect. This paper will detail easy and effective mindfulness strategies to implement. Theme: Sport and Health Early Warning Signs: Exploring the Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Recent Head Trauma among an Australian Rules Football Team Sarah Harris, School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Fremantle Campus, Fremantle, Australia Dr. Paola Chivers, Institute for Health Research, Fremantle, Australia Dr. Fleur McIntyre, School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Fremantle Campus, Fremantle, Australia Benjamin Piggott, School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Fremantle Campus, Fremantle, Australia Assoc. Prof. Fiona Farringdon, School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Fremantle Campus, Fremantle, Australia Overview: This study identified a significantelationship r exists between recent concussion, multiple head-knocks and depressive symptoms among Australian Rules football players. Theme: Sport and Health Equipping Pro Athletes with Risk Management Tools to Prevent Scandals, Accidents, and Injuries Katharine Nohr, Nohr Sports Risk Management LLC, Kaneohe, USA Overview: This paper addresses the development of a risk management model to assist professional athletes with managing their careers so as to maximize career longevity. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Room 4 Inclusion, Internalization, and Sport British Asians, Exclusion and the Football Industry Dr. Daniel Kilvington, Media Studies, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK Overview: This paper examines the exclusion of British Asians from English professional football. Equality striving solutions, born out of in-depth empirical research, will also be presented. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities A Comparative Sports Culture Study between Europeans, North Americans, and a Modern Muslim Nation Dr. Cengiz Yakut, Health and Physical Education Department, Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania, Lock Haven, USA Overview: Europeans associate sports with health, fun, pleasure and fitness; whereas, Americans associated sports with competition, athleticism and teamwork. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Driving for Success: Korean New Zealanders, Golf, and the 1.5 Generation Jay Waters, School of Languages and Cultures, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand Overview: This paper examines the relationship between migration, acculturation, and sport among 1.5 generation Korean New Zealanders arguing that sport participation alone does not play a crucial role in acculturation. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Room 5 Colloquium Boys’ and Young Men’s Bodies: Intersections with Sport and Physical Activity Prof. Murray J. N. Drummond, SHAPE Research Centre School of Education, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia Assoc. Prof. Michael Kehler, Faculty of Education, University of Western Ontario, Canada Prof. Brendan Gough, School of Social, Psychological And Communication Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK Prof. Michael Atkinson, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Dr. Gareth Hall, Psychology Department, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK Overview: This is a colloquium on boys' and young men's bodies in contemporary Western culture particularly within the context of sport and physical activity. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities

16:10-16:20 TRANSITION TO POSTER SESSION AND CONFERENCE WELCOME RECEPTION THURSDAY, 02 JUNE 16:20-17:05 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 1 Poster Session and Conference Welcome Reception Positive or Unexpected Effects of Inclusive Sport in Styrian Schools Dr. Heinz Tippl, Institute of Teachers Education, University of Graz, Graz, Austria Overview: Inclusion should pervade all aspects of social life, especially school sports and sports organisations. Three case studies show examples of implementing inclusive sports in schools and their combined results. Theme: Sports Education Effects of Water Gargling on Change of Saliva pH and Buffering Capacity by Taking Sports Drinks during Exercise Mai Ikegawa, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan Dr. Toshiyuki Takahashi, Department of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan Dr. Toshiaki Ueno, Department of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan Overview: Bubbled gargling with water was strongly recommended to keep athlete’s oral condition healthy because this research showed that salivary pH and buffering capacity decreased by taking sports drinks during exercise. Theme: Sport and Health A Study on the Elderly Users of Community Social Services: Lifetime Health Management Service Dr. Sungwon Jo, Culture Teaching Profession, Hansung University, Seoul, South Korea Overview: The purpose of this study is to explore the Lifetime Health Management Service(LHMS) of Community social service investment project(CSSIP) in Korea. Theme: Sport and Health Establishment of Hemoglobin Measuring Method for the Prevention of Sports Anemia in Female Athletes Dr. Megumi Matsumoto, Department of Physical Education, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Setagaya, Japan Dr. Masahito Hagio, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Japan Overview: The measurement of hemoglobin using fingertip sensor might be useful option for monitoring the status of iron nutrition to prevent sports anemia. Theme: Sport and Health The Relationship of Power between Lower Limb Isokinetic Strength and Ground Reaction Force for Pitching during Stride Phase Yu-Lin Chen, Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Chung-Nan Tsai, Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Wen-Tzu Tang, Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Overview: The purpose of current study was investigating the relationship between the press power of ground reaction force during pitching and the averaged hip, knee and ankle power of isokinetic strength. Theme: Sport and Health The Center of Mass Velocity Position of Elite Female 100m Huddle Athletes Chia-Ling Chu, Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan Chun-Ju Yang, Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan Mu-Lin Tai, Graduate institute of Athletics and Coaching science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Wen-Tzu Tang, Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science College of Exercise and Health Sciences, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Overview: The purpose of this case study is to investigate the 100m huddle technique of Olympic female elite athlete. Theme: Sport and Health Minimum Academic Achievement Policy for Student Athletes Wang-Sung Myung, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea Young-Shin Won, Yonsei Universiy, Seoul, South Korea Overview: The purpose of this study is exploring the achievements, problems, and improvements about Minimum Academic Achievement Policy(MAAP) by reviewing literature on the MAAP being conducted in South Korea. Theme: Sports Education THURSDAY, 02 JUNE 16:20-17:05 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 2 Poster Session Continued Exploring Gender Differences in VO2max, Anaerobic Threshold, and Running Economy in Varsity Cross-Country Runners Sebastian Diebel, School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada Dr. Ian Newhouse, School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada David Thompson, School of Nursing, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada Prof. Vineet Johnson, School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada Overview: VO2max, anaerobic threshold (AT), and running economy (RE) have been used to predict running performance. This study characterizes the differences in VO2max, AT, and RE in male and female runners. Theme: Sport and Health Body Balance Strategies for Golf Putting: Positions under Difference Wind Conditions Chun-Ju Yang, Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan Ya-Han Guo, Taoyuan City, Taiwan Prof. Ting-Heng Sung, Taoyuan City, Taiwan Wen-Tzu Tang, Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science College of Exercise and Health Sciences, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Overview: I investigate the set up strategy of golf putting under different wind conditions. Theme: Sports Education The Influence of Side Kicks on Different Areas of a Electronic Body Protector Hsuan-Wei Chien, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Yi-Chun Lin, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Wen-Tzu Tang, Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science College of Exercise and Health Sciences, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Overview: We examine how to gain better and understanding the relationship of location of side kick with the scoring area from EBP. Theme: Sport and Health Guard Player’s Practical Knowledge in Basketball Shuhei Shiroma, College of Humanities and Sciences Department of Physical Education, Nihon University, Setagaya, Japan Overview: This study is to verify the guard player's practical knowledge in fast break offense in basketball games by “talking” of professional player using Narrative-Based Approach. Theme: Sports Education The Perception of Students in Physical Education College on Practical Examination of Physical Education Jihoon Kim, Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea Youngshin Won, Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea Overview: The purpose of this study is to investigate recognition of students in physical education college in Korea on the practical examination system of physical education college. Theme: Sports Education Development and Validity Verification of the Leisure Constraint Scale for Older Adults MinKyu Lee, Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea Dr. Young-Shin Won, Sociology of Sport Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea Dr. Sungwon Jo, Culture Teaching Profession, Hansung University, Seoul, South Korea Overview: The purpose of this study is to develop a leisure constraint scale of the aged. Theme: 2016 Special Focus - Leisure, Play, Action: Ecological Awareness in Sports Sports-nutritional Support and the Effect of Dietary Awareness and Conditioning on College Students Yuta Sasaki, Department of physical Education College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Setagaya, Japan Dr. Megumi Matsumoto, Department of Physical Education, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Setagaya, Japan Dr. Takahiro Yoshizaki, Toyo University, Itakura, Japan Overview: Application services like ASNAP of this experiment were utilized as an effective tool for conditioning in the general sports field, and have the effect of nutritional education. Theme: Sport and Health A Comparison of Tri-Phase EMG Patterns of Tennis Drive Volley between a Leading Arm and a Rear Arm for Double-hand Mu-Lin Tai, Graduate institute of Athletics and Coaching science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Wen-Tzu Tang, Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science College of Exercise and Health Sciences, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Chun-Ju Yang, Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan Overview: The aim of this study is to investigate the muscle activation between leading arm and a rear arm of tennis backhand driver volley. Theme: Sport and Health International Comparison of the Awareness and Image of the Paralympics Koichiro Aoki, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama-shi, Japan Chieko Kato, Department of Information Sciences and Arts, Toyo University, Kawagoe-shi, Japan Terutoshi Tada, Department of Information Sciences and Arts, Toyo University, Kawagoe-shi, Japan Saovorak Khoy, Telecommunication and Electronic Department, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Toul Kork, Cambodia Toshihiro Yoshizumi, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe-shi, Japan Futoshi Sugimoto, Department of Information Science and Arts, Toyo University, Kawagoe-shi, Japan Hiroyuki Hirahara, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama-shi, Japan Kensei Tsuchida, Department of Information Science and Arts, Toyo University, Kawagoe-shi, Japan Overview: This study examined the awareness and image of the Paralympics in Japan and Cambodia. The characteristics of the image in each country were revealed with fuzzy clustering of the answers. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities THURSDAY, 02 JUNE 16:20-17:05 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 3 Virtual Posters Age and Gender Differences in Participation Rates, Motivators for, and Barriers to Exercise Margot Hickey, USA Dr. Susan E. Mason, Department of Psychology, Niagara University, Lewisburg, USA Overview: Participants completed a questionnaire about their involvement in exercise and the motivators for and barriers to their participation in physical activities. Age and gender differences are discussed. Theme: Sport and Health Leisure Physical Activity, Mental Health, and Life Satisfaction among Canadians Kai Jiang, Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada Nadina Ayer, Department of Recreation and Leisure studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada Overview: We discuss the relationship between self-perceived mental health, leisure physical activities, and overall life satisfaction among Canadians. Theme: Sport and Health Canadian Women Volunteers in Community Sport Clubs Prof. John Ross Cooper, NIFS International Sports Academy, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Waterloo, Canada Nadina Ayer, Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada Overview: We investigate the motivations and challenges experienced by the Canadian women volunteers in community sport clubs. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities The Economic Impact of a Youth Baseball Association on the Local Economy Dr. Michael Williams, Department of Management and Marketing College of Business, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, USA Overview: This paper examines the local economic impact of a youth baseball association on the local economy, using the Spring Klein Sports Association in the Houston metro area as an example. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Everybody Wins: Philanthropic Programming for the Community Dr. Michael Lukkarinen, Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Administration, Western Illinois University, Macomb, USA Overview: This is a discussion of factors the should be utilized to successfully program philanthropically in a community. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Reflection of Group Identity in Ceremonial Sport among Hakka Villagers: A Field Case Study of Hakka “XianXiang Dragon” Dance Practice Haihong Qiu, College of Physical Education and Kinesiology, HengYang Normal University, Heng Yang, China Dr. Lin Wang, Dept. of Health & Human Performance, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, USA Overview: We discuss a case study of the reflection of group identity of a Hakka group from Hunan Province, China through its ceremonial sport participation – “XianXiang (Incense) Dragon.” Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities The Influence of Non-local Resident Attendees on Strategic Issues and Destination Performance at a Ladies Professional Golf Association Tour Major Dr. Michael Mahoney, Recreation Administration College of Health and Human Services, California State University, Fresno, USA Overview: This study examined the influence of importance-performance perceptions and consumer behavior patterns of non-local resident attendees at a major on the Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA) tour. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization The Development and Validation of the Diving Self-Efficacy Scale Emily Pattinson, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Winchester, Winchester, UK Overview: The current study used a mixed method design to create and validate a new diving specific self-efficacy scale to facilitate the advancement the field of self-efficacy esearr ch in diving. Theme: Sport and Health The Organization of Team Interrelations for Optimal Performance Ciara Delgado, Charlotte Athletic Club - Duke Energy Center, Charlotte, USA Overview: There cannot be any progression towards achievement and positive performance without addressing the interrelations of teammates and coaches. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities An Examination of Multi-year APRs for Men’s and Women’s NCAA Division I Basketball Teams: Academic Success of NCAA Basketball Teams Dr. Frederick Wiseman, D'Amore-McKim School of Business, Northeastern University, Boston, USA Overview: The NCAA uses the Academic Progress Rate to hold universities accountable for the academic success of its student-athletes. This paper examines whether this goal has been successful in college basketball. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization The Analysis of Injury Prevention for Taiwan University Division 1 Men’s Golf Team by FMSTM Hsuan-Wei Chien, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Chih-Yi Wu, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Wen-Tzu Tang, Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science College of Exercise and Health Sciences, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Overview: We analyze the injury risk of Division I golf players in Taiwan through FMSTM scores. Theme: Sport and Health FRIDAY, 03 JUNE

FRIDAY, 03 JUNE 8:30-9:00 CONFERENCE REGISTRATION OPEN 9:00-9:20 DAILY UPDATE – DR. KIMBERLY D. KENDALL, COMMON GROUND PUBLISHING, CHAMPAIGN USA PLENARY SESSION – DR. JONATHAN CASPER ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AND SPORT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM COORDINATOR, DEPARTMENT 9:20-9:50 OF PARKS, RECREATION, AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT, COLLEGE OF NATURAL RESOURCES, NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, "SPORT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: THE IMPACT ON SOCIETY AND HEALTH" 9:50-10:20 GARDEN CONVERSATION AND COFFEE BREAK 10:20-12:00 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 1 Pedagogies of Sport The Physical Education Courses in Higher Education: A Profile of the Coordinators Ana Lúcia Padrão dos Santos, Sport Department School of Physical Education and Sport, Universty of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Overview: Coordinators of Physical Education are responsible for pedagogical projects in higher education courses, hence academic and professional profile must be compatible with the esponsibilityr of educating new teachers and coaches. Theme: Sports Education Sports and the Academic Performance of Secondary Students in Integrated Science Dr. Abayomi Olufemi Ogunyemi, Physical and Health Education Department, Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Oyo, Nigeria Overview: This study investigated the influence of sports as a pedagogical approach to improve academic performance of visually impaired junior secondary students in integrated science. Theme: Sports Education Students’ Socialization Level through Physical Education Mehmet Ali Celiksoy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey Overview: The purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of physical education and sport courses to individuals’ socialization at schools. Theme: Sports Education Supporting Success: Coaching Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Multi-sport Special School Project Miss Emma Milanese, Division of Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia Dr. Edoardo G.F. Rosso, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia Overview: "Supporting Success" is a collaborative project that aims to facilitate participation of youth with ASD in sport. Coaching strategies and program design were identified as fundamental variables to success. Theme: Sport and Health Room 2 Sport for Development Sport for the Purpose of Poverty Reduction: Stories from the Homeless World Cup Dr. Chiaki Okada, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan Overview: The significance of sport for poverty eductionr will be analyzed by the case samples of the Homeless World Cup. Theme: Sport and Development Rugby Union Driven Migration as a Means for Sustainable Livelihoods: A Case Study of iTaukei, Indigenous Fijian Dr. Rochelle Stewart-Withers, Institute of Development Studies, School of People, Environment and Planning, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand Overview: This paper investigates the development impact of rugby-generated remittances for iTaukei, indigenous Fijian households and communities. The challenges faced in pursuit of rugby as a livelihoods option are also considered. Theme: Sport and Development Success in Girls’ Sport for Development: Defining Best Practices Across Three Continents Dr. Elizabeth Bierer, Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations, Bellingham, USA Overview: What best practices have contributed to the success of girls’ sport-for-development organizations in Cambodia, Kenya, and Argentina? Theme: Sport and Development Sport Tourism in Taiwan: Running and Traveling Hsin-Yi Tsai, Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan Overview: There are over 400 road-running events in 2015 around Taiwan. This study is to find how the government and organizer to make the benefit by sport tourism way. Theme: Sport and Development FRIDAY, 03 JUNE 10:20-12:00 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 3 Sport and Community Building Impacting All: Examining the Effect of Team Impact Matches on Student Athletes Doug Blais, Sport Management School of Business, Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester, USA Overview: This paper explores the nonprofit eamT Impact and the effects of matching children with life-threatening or chronic illnesses with college athletic teams. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities More Extreme: Triathlon Practice and Enhancing Bodies and Competitions Yonca Krahn, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland Overview: Triathlon as a practice which forms peoples ways of shaping themselves towards societies needs is presented using the examples of two competitions held in Hawaii (USA) and Lofoten (Norway). Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Run, Drink, Run, Drink, Repeat: The Beer Mile as a Space for Social Identity Construction Dr. Matthew Lamont, School of Business and Tourism, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia Dr. Sheranne Fairley, School of Business Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Overview: We discuss how discursive practices at a deviant, unsanctioned sporting event facilitate social identity construction among a subculture of amateur triathletes geared around interdependent athletic prowess and alcohol consumption. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Understanding What Responsible Alcohol Management Means to Community Sport Club Management Committees Holly Thompson, University of Queensland School of Business, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Dr. Sarah Kelly, University of Queensland Business School, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia Dr. Josephine Previte, University of Queensland Business School, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia Assoc. Prof. Adrian Kelly, Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University Of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Overview: We develop an understanding of the differences in what management committee believe constitutes responsible alcohol management in their community sport clubs. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Room 4 Olympics and Mega Event Impacts Making a Difference for the Children: London 2012 and the Olympic Legacy Dr. Barry Costas, School of Education, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK Overview: This paper builds on earlier work to uncover the views of children in relation to the Olympic Games and their Legacy from London 2012. Theme: Sport and Development Sport Participation Legacies from Mega-Events: Inspiration or Perspiration? Dr. Caitlin Pentifallo, Research and Special Projects, Sport British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Dr. Tracey Dickson, Event and Tourism Management, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia Overview: We investigate the extent to which hosting sport mega-events has influenced participation rates in British Columbia, Canada, host of the 2010 Winter Olympics and 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Measuring the Impact Factors a Sports Fan, Athlete, and Non-Sports Fan Considers When Attending a National or International Sporting Event Mr. Deep DeChoudhury, Saint Leo University and Sports Management Worldwide, Vail, USA Overview: I examine how fans, non-sports fans, and athletes impact national and international sporting events. The factors studied include sense of security, corporate social responsibility, venue location, amenities, and winning teams. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization

12:00-13:00 LUNCH & FILM SCREENING OF HAPPY VALLEY HAPPY VALLEY The Penn State Sexual Abuse Scandal Is there such a thing as an innocent bystander? This Sundance film includes interviews with Jerry Sandusky's adopted son Matt Sandusky, the Paterno family, Penn State students, faculty and community to give us multiple perspectives on this complicated and tragic tale.

Sports & Society Conference Attendees can purchase HAPPY VALLEY at www.gooddocs.net

20% Discount for conference attendees: Use Code: HAPPYVALLEY20%JULY31 FRIDAY, 03 JUNE 13:00-14:40 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 1 Commercial Impacts of Sports An Analytical Approach to Fan Identification: Keeping the Arena Full When the Winning Wanes Dr. Dene Williamson, Sport Business, Saint Leo University, Saint Leo, USA Phil Hatlem, Sport Business, Saint Leo University, Saint Leo, USA Overview: Can professional sport teams keep their attendance high despite declining performance by the team? Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization A Grizzly Community: The Social and Economic Impact of a Rural NCAA Division II Program Dr. Liz Thomas Hensley, Department of Business, Adams State University, Alamosa, USA Dr. Rich Loosbrock, Department of History, Adams State University, Alamosa, USA Overview: This measures the economic and social impact of Adams State University in Colorado, and explores how Division II athletic programs represent an important community presence quite different from Division I. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization From Zero to Phenom: A Case Study of the Rise of Women's in the Philippines Dr. Severino Sarmenta, Department of Communication, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines Overview: This is a case study on the rise of volleyball in the Philippines through the use of television, print media and social media creating stars and new found popularity. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Price Elasticity in Secondary Ticket Markets: An Analysis of the 2015 NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament Dr. Patrick Rishe, Sports Business Program Olin School of Business, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, USA Dr. Jason Reese, Rusche College of Business, Stephen F. Austin State College, Nacogdoches, USA David Sanders, Department of Economics John Cook School of Business, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, USA Dr. Brett Boyle, Department of Marketing John Cook School of Business, Saint Louis University, St Louis, USA Overview: The study examined secondary market ticket pricing for all stages of the 2015 NCAA Men’s Basketball Championships, including the early “Pod” rounds where higher ranked teams closer to their campuses. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Room 2 Understanding Race Race on the Radio: An Examination of How Sport Talk Radio Hosts Discuss Race and Racial Issues Dr. Lequez Spearman, Department of Counseling, Kinesiology and Special Education, Midwestern State University, Wichita Falls, USA Dr. Tracia Cloud, College of Business and Communication, Brenau University, Gainesville, USA Overview: The purpose of this paper is to advance our understanding of race on the radio by examining how sport talk radio hosts discuss race and racial issues. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Racial Differences in Knowledge and Understanding of Sport-related Concussion in High School Athletes Dr. Jessica Wallace, Department of Human Performance & Exercise Science, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, USA Overview: This study identified racial differences in knowledge and understanding of sport-related concussion, including the signs and symptoms and dangers, in a high school athletic population. Theme: Sport and Health Beyond the Game: Transforming Life Outcomes of Black Male Collegiate Student-Athletes Dr. LaVar J. Charleston, Wisconsin's Equity and Inclusion Laboratory & Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA Dr. Jerlando F. L. Jackson, Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis Wisconsin's Equity and Inclusion Laboratory (Wei LAB) Wisconsin Center for Education Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA Overview: Pressures on African American males to over-identify with sports culture and under-identify with academics limit career trajectories. Beyond the Game curriculum serves to develop and support post-graduation options for student-athletes. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Room 3 Sociocultural Aspects of Sport What Types of Social Transformation Has the Introduction of Rugby to Brazil Made? Dr. Gareth Hall, Psychology Department, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK Overview: The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of rugby in societal transformation in Brazil. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities The Influence of āM ori Culture on New Zealand Rugby Coaches' Beliefs about Coaching Dr. Remy Hassanin, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia Prof. Richard Light, School of Sport and Physical Education, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand Overview: This paper reports on a study on rugby coaches in New Zealand that identifies the influence ofā M ori culture on their beliefs about coaching. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Does Gender Matter? An Empirical Comparison of Female and Male Coaching Cornel Nesseler, Institute of Services and Operations Management, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Carlos Gomez Gonzalez, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Tolledo, Spain Overview: In this article, we empirically investigate how women coaches perform when compared with men coaches. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Soccer Fan Culture in Kong: Between Hope and Indifference Tobias Zuser, Department of Humanities and Creative Writing, Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Overview: With soccer being the most popular spectator sport in Hong Kong, this paper examines the plummeting of fan support amidst identity struggles and social tensions in the post-colonial non-nation state. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities FRIDAY, 03 JUNE 13:00-14:40 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 4 Sport and Wellness A Comparative Analysis of Wellness through the Adult Life Stages Based on High School Athletic Participation Dr. Joseph Lovell, School of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, USA Overview: Sport participation may have a lifelong effect on our physical, social and emotional well-being. This study focuses on the effects of high school athletic participation on wellness throughout adulthood. Theme: Sport and Health The Sexual Functioning of Australian Exercisers: Female Bodybuilders versus Gym Members Dr. Tiffany Lavis, Student Learning Centre School of Medicine School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia Overview: This paper considers the nature and degree of sexual dysfunction present amongst female exercisers, including bodybuilders, in an Australian sample. Theme: Sport and Health Well-being, Flow Experience and Personal Characteristics of Individuals Who Surf as Serious Leisure: A Pioneer Study on Inland Surfing Dana Sidorová, Faculty of Arts, Department of Psychology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Katarína Millová, Faculty of Arts, Department of Psychology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Overview: This study examines personality characteristics, flow experience and wellbeing of Czech and Slovak surfers, who go surfing on aegular r basis in comparison with people who do not surf. Theme: Sport and Health Room 5 Virtual Lightening Talks Assessing the Attitudes of Athletic Officials Dessie Clark, Human and Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA Natalie Jeansonne, Leadership and Organizational Performance, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA Overview: This research assessed male athletic coaches’ ability to understand masculinity and its link to violence against women. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Informal Group Workout for Individual Wellbeing Dr. Volha Vysotskaya, Faculty of Language and Literature, Humanities, Arts and Education, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg Dr. Aude Kerivel, Faculty of Language and Literature, Humanities, Arts and Education, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg Overview: The paper discusses in detail how, within an informally organized sports workout group, persons individually set own goals, but need the group to achieve them. Theme: Sport and Health Becoming Brazilian: The Making of National Identity through Football Felipe Tobar, Cultural Heritage and Society Master, Univille University, Joinville, Brazil Luana Gusso, Cultural Heritage and Society Programme, Univille University, Joinville, Brazil Overview: This paper intends to discuss the role of football as a crucial instrument for the Brazilian national identity from the race, economic, social and cultural aspects. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Diving Instructors’ Opinions towards Scuba Diving Anxiety: A Qualitative Research Yalın Aygün, School of Physical Education and Sport, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey Overview: This research aims to shed light on the diving instructors’ opinions towards scuba diving anxiety of beginners. This study is a qualitative research and data was collected through open-ended questions. Theme: 2016 Special Focus - Leisure, Play, Action: Ecological Awareness in Sports

14:40-14:55 COFFEE BREAK 14:55-16:35 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 1 Youth in Sport Youth Soccer in the United States: Group Identity Construction through Notions of Youth Development, Play, and Community Alex Manning, Sociology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA Overview: Through ethnography at two youth soccer clubs in the USA I argue that club identity construction reflects and contests US cultural norms of youth development, play, cultural styles, and community. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities “Boys Need Sport But...”: Competing Perspectives on the Need for Sport and the Barriers to Participation Dr. Deborah Agnew, School of Education, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia Pip Henderson, School of Education and School of Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia Overview: This paper highlights a shift away from formal participation in organised sports towards informal, unstructured play which has significant implications for the nature of sport in Australia. Theme: Sport and Health Understanding Parental Involvement in Youth Sport: The Goals and Aspirations of Talent Identified Athletes Dr. Samuel Kim Elliott, SHAPE Research Centre Faculty of Education, Humanities and Law, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia Overview: This paper presents the preliminary findings from a 3-year longitudinal study on parental involvement as youth transition into the investment years of sport. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities FRIDAY, 03 JUNE 14:55-16:35 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 2 Sport Histories Cementing Jayhawk Spirit: How World War I Shaped the University of Kansas Athletic Identity Howard Graham, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA Overview: This paper examines how World War I shaped the athletic identity of the University of Kansas. Foci include the built environment, student organizations,school narratives,and privatization. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Mike’s Passion for : A Different Kind of Fandom Elena Balcaite, School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Overview: Applying a narrative approach, the paper explores Mike’s passion for cricket amidst its historical heritage, changes in format, and the contributor’s personal values associated with the game. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Hating the Yankees: The Politically Correct Way to Hate Dr. Gary Gershman, College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of History and Political Science, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA Overview: American sports rivalries have become the politically correct way to hate, without resorting to traditional prejudices. They are a subterfuge for continued divisions in social and cultural divisions in society. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Two Decades of Ups and Downs in Club Running: The Phoenix Metropolitan Area Experience Dr. Janet Foote, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, USA Overview: Trends in running and walking events are examined by assessing two decades of publicly available data for the largest running club in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Theme: Sport and Health Room 3 Gender, Race, and Inequality Venus to the Hoop, But Not to the Bank: Gender Inequity in Professional Basketball Mercedes Townsend, Women's History Program, Sarah Lawrence College, Bronxville, USA Overview: This is an interdisciplinary investigation of the effects of marketing on pay inequity in professional basketball, using the WNBA's New York liberty and NBA's New York Knicks as case studies. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Lets Talk: Students and Teachers Perceptions of Barriers and Motivators to Female Participation in Physical Education Classes Assoc. Prof. Fiona Farringdon, School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia Nicole Roberts, Perth, Australia Overview: Focus groups with female students and interviews with teachers explored the barriers and motivators to participation in Physical Education classes. Findings indicate greater communication between groups might improve participation rates. Theme: Sports Education Sportlight: Discrimination and Transnational Migration for American WNBA players Dr. B. Nalani Butler, The University of Tampa, Tampa, USA Rosalind Harris, Sociology, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA Overview: The study explored how players experienced nationality and race while abroad and the influence of “sportlight” on their experiences. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Room 4 Late Additions Hate Discourses in Daily Newspapers Regarding "Derby" Soccer Games: A Study of Content Analysis in Turkey Dr. Metin Argan, Sport Management Department, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey Dr. Sabri Kaya, Kirikkale, Turkey Tayfun Cicek, Eskisehir, Turkey Overview: This study focused on the hate discourses regarding derby soccer games. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities What Is Happening to Me? An Analysis of Ageing Processes for Mature Women and Implicatons for Sports Participation Coral Cara, Victoria University, College of Education, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia Overview: Declining health and well-being is prevalent today, despite the documented numerous benefits of sports participation. This paper examines the effects of female ageing processes and the implications for sports participation. Theme: Sport and Health Development of Marketing Plans for Selected Sports Events Organizers in Cebu Kareem Durano, Department of Hospitality Management, University of San Carlos, Cebu, Philippines Dr. Melanie De Ocampo, University of San Carlos School of Business and Economics, University of San Carlos, Cebu, Philippines Overview: We discuss the development of research and planning processes that will provide the sports organizers with the tools to benefit from the promotion of their respective sporting events. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization The Effects of Extensive Interval Training and Cross-Counrty Training on Shuttle Run Performance Necip Koçal, School of Physical Education and Sports, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey Ertay Seyrek, School of Physical Education and Sports, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey Mehmet Kale, Department of Coaching Education in Sports, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey Overview: Interval and cross-country training aim to increase cardiorespiratory efficiency. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of 8-week extensive interval training and cross training on shuttle run performance. Theme: Sport and Health

16:35-17:05 SPECIAL EVENT – CONFERENCE CLOSING AND AWARD CEREMONY Sport & Society List of Participants

Deborah Agnew Flinders University Australia Steven Aicinena The University of Texas of the Permian Basin USA Zahra ALsultan Southwestern Oklahoma State University USA Koichiro Aoki Saitama University Japan Metin Argan Anadolu University Turkey Michael Atkinson University of Toronto Canada Nadina Ayer University of Waterloo Canada YalIn Aygün Inonu University Turkey Eric Bain-Selbo Western Kentucky University USA Elena Balcaite The University of Melbourne Australia Elizabeth Bierer Geneva School of Diplomacy and USA International Relations, Switzerland Doug Blais Southern New Hampshire University USA Wesley Borucki Palm Beach Atlantic University USA Brett Boyle Saint Louis University USA B. Nalani Butler The University of Tampa USA Coral Cara Victoria University Australia Jonathan Casper North Carolina State University USA Mehmet Ali Celiksoy Sport Sciences Faculty Turkey Yu-Lin Chen National Taiwan Sport University Taiwan Hsuan-Wei Chien National Taiwain Sport University Taiwan Chia-Ling Chu National Taiwan Sport University Taiwan Dessie Clark Vanderbilt University USA John Ross Cooper National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya Canada Barry Costas University of Hertfordshire UK Deep DeChoudhury Saint Leo University and Sports Management Worldwide USA Ciara Delgado Charlotte Athletic Club USA Sebastian Diebel Lakehead University Canada Murray J. N. Drummond Flinders University of South Australia Australia Kareem Durano University of San Carlos Philippines Lasse Ekstrand University of Gävle Sweden Samuel Kim Elliott Flinders University Australia Fiona Farringdon The University of Notre Dame, Fremantle Campus Australia Allison Fletcher Indiana University USA Janet Foote The University of Arizona USA Gary Gershman Nova Southeastern University USA James Gillett McMaster University Canada Brendan Gough Leeds Beckett University UK Howard Graham The University of Kansas USA Malgorzata Anna Gurdziel Health Through Sport Foundation Poland Gareth Hall Aberystwyth University UK Pamela Harper Marist College USA Timothy Harper Skidmore College USA Rosalind Harris University of Kentucky USA Sarah Harris The University of Notre Dame, Fremantle Campus Australia Pip Henderson Flinders University Australia Andrew Howe La Sierra University USA Jens Høyer-Kruse University of Southern Denmark Denmark Sport & Society List of Participants

Mai Ikegawa Tokyo Medical and Dental University Japan Jerlando F. L. Jackson University of Wisconsin-Madison USA Kai Jiang University of Waterloo Canada Sungwon Jo Hansung University South Korea Chris Johnson Miyazaki International College Japan Kent Kaiser University of Northwestern - St Paul USA Mehmet Kale Anadolu University Turkey Michael Kehler University of Western Ontario Canada Daniel Kilvington Leeds Beckett University UK Jihoon Kim Yonsei University South Korea Darren E. Kochan Lindsay Thurber Comprehensive High School Canada Yonca Krahn University of Zurich Switzerland Matthew Lamont Southern Cross University Australia Tiffany Lavis Flinders University Australia MinKyu Lee Yonsei University South Korea Dianna Yota Lepore La Trobe University Australia Richard Light University of Canterbury New Zealand Josh Looney National Collegiate Athletic Association USA Rich Loosbrock Adams State University USA Joseph Lovell Dixie State University USA Michael Lukkarinen Western Illinois University USA Michael Mahoney California State University, Fresno USA Cheryl Mallen Brock University Canada Alex Manning University of Minnesota USA Alexandra Maris University of Toronto Canada Susan E. Mason Niagara University USA Megumi Matsumoto Nihon University Japan Emma Milanese University of South Australia Australia Leon Mohan Saint Leo University USA Ingeborg Muster Fachschule für Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft St.Martin Austria Wang-Sung Myung Yonsei University South Korea Cornel Nesseler University of Zurich Switzerland Katharine Nohr Nohr Sports Risk Management LLC USA Abayomi Olufemi Ogunyemi Federal College of Education Nigeria Chiaki Okada Osaka University Japan Peter Omondi-Ochieng University of Louisiana, Lafayette USA James Pasley Park University USA Emily Pattinson University of Sunderland UK Adele Pavlidis Griffith University Australia Caitlin Pentifallo ViaSport British Columbia Canada Catherine Phipps University of Greenwich UK Jennifer Pintar Youngstown State University USA Ana Lúcia Padrão dos Santos Universty of São Paulo Brazil Severino Sarmenta Ateneo de Manila University Philippines Yuta Sasaki Nihon University Japan Shuhei Shiroma Nihon University Japan Dana Sidorová Masaryk University Czech Republic Susan Sokolowski University of Oregon USA Sport & Society List of Participants

Lequez Spearman Midwestern State University USA Rochelle Stewart-Withers Massey University New Zealand Hannah Sullivan Point Loma Nazarene University USA Jeff Sullivan Point Loma Nazarene University USA Mu-Lin Tai National Taiwan Sport University Taiwan Jason Taylor University of Alberta Canada Liz Thomas Hensley Adams State University USA Holly Thompson University of Queensland Australia Heinz Tippl University of Graz Austria Felipe Tobar Univille University Brazil Mercedes Townsend Sarah Lawrence College USA Hsin-Yi Tsai National Taiwan Normal University Taiwan Idorenyin Uyoe Millennium Choice Inc. USA Volha Vysotskaya University of Luxembourg Luxembourg Jessica Wallace Youngstown State University USA Monika Wallmon University of Gävle Sweden Lin Wang University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley USA Jay Waters Victoria University of Wellington New Zealand Ryan Wienk University of Northwestern - St Paul USA Michael Williams Prairie View A&M University USA Dene Williamson Saint Leo University USA Frederick Wiseman Northeastern University USA Chih-Yi Wu National Taiwan Sport University Taiwan Cengiz Yakut Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania USA Chun-Ju Yang National Taiwan Sport University Taiwan Tobias Zuser Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong Sport & Society Notes Sport & Society Notes Sport & Society Notes Sport & Society Notes Sport & Society Notes | Conference Calendar 2016–2017

Fourteenth International Conference Ninth International Conference on the on New Directions in the Humanities Inclusive Museum University of Illinois at Chicago National Underground Railroad Freedom Center Chicago, USA | 8–10 June 2016 Cincinnati, USA | 16–19 September 2016 www.thehumanities.com/2016-conference www.onmuseums.com/2016-conference

Ninth Global Studies Conference Aging & Society: Sixth University of California, Los Angeles Interdisciplinary Conference Los Angeles, USA | 30 June–1 July 2016 Linköping University www.onglobalization.com/2016-conference Linköping, Sweden | 6–7 October 2016 www.agingandsociety.com/2016-conference Twenty-third International Conference on Learning Sixth International Conference on University of British Columbia Food Studies Vancouver, Canada | 13–15 July 2016 University of California at Berkeley www.thelearner.com/2016-conference Berkeley, USA | 12–13 October 2016 www.food-studies.com/2016-conference Sixteenth International Conference on Diversity in Organizations, Sixth International Conference on Communities & Nations Health, Wellness & Society The University of Granada Catholic University of America Granada, Spain | 27–29 July 2016 Washington D.C., USA | 20–21 October 2016 www.ondiversity.com/2016-conference www.healthandsociety.com/2016-conference

Eleventh International Conference on Spaces & Flows: Seventh Interdisciplinary Social Sciences International Conference on Urban & Imperial College London ExtraUrban Studies London, UK | 2–5 August 2016 University of Pennsylvania www.thesocialsciences.com/2016-conference Philadelphia, USA | 10–11 November 2016 www.spacesandflows.com/2016-conference Eleventh International Conference on The Arts in Society Thirteenth International Conference University of California, Los Angeles on Environmental, Cultural, Economic Los Angeles, USA | 10–12 August 2016 & Social Sustainability www.artsinsociety.com/2016-conference Greater Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 19–21 January 2017 www.onsustainability.com/2017-conference Sixth International Conference on The Image Eleventh International Conference on Art and Design Academy, Design Principles & Practices Liverpool John Moores University Institute without Boundaries at George Brown College Liverpool, UK | 1–2 September 2016 Toronto, Canada | 2–4 March 2017 www.ontheimage.com/2016-conference www.designprinciplesandpractices.com/2017-conference

Inaugural Communication & Media Second International Conference on Studies Conference Tourism & Leisure Studies University Center Chicago UBC Robson Square Chicago, USA | 15–16 September, 2016 Vancouver, Canada | 6–7 April 2017 www.oncommunicationmedia.com/2016-conference www.tourismandleisurestudies.com/2017-conference | Conference Calendar 2016–2017

Seventh International Conference on Fifteenth International Conference on Religion & Spirituality in Society New Directions in the Humanities Imperial College London Imperial College London London, UK | 17–18 April 2017 London, UK | 5–7 July 2017 www.religioninsociety.com/2017-conference www.thehumanities.com/2017-conference

Seventeenth International Fifteenth International Conference on Conference on Knowledge, Culture, Books, Publishing & Libraries and Change in Organizations Imperial College London Charles Darwin University London, UK | 7 July 2017 Darwin, Australia | 20–21 April 2017 www.booksandpublishing.com/2017-conference www.organization-studies.com/2017-conference Eighth International Conference on Ninth International Conference on Sport & Society Climate Change: Impacts & Imperial College London Responses London, UK | 10–11 July 2017 Anglia Ruskin University www.sportandsociety.com/2017-conference Cambridge, UK | 21–22 April 2017 www.on-climate.com/2017-conference Twenty-fourth International Conference on Learning Seventh International Conference on University of Hawaii at Manoa The Constructed Environment Honolulu, USA | 19–21 July 2017 International Cultural Centre www.thelearner.com/2017-conference Krakow, Poland | 25–26 May 2017 www.constructedenvironment.com/2017-conference Twelfth International Conference on Interdisciplinary Social Sciences Thirteenth International Conference International Conference Center on Technology, Knowledge & Society Hiroshima, Japan | 26–28 July 2017 University of Toronto www.thesocialsciences.com/2017-conference Toronto, Canada | 26–28 May 2017 www.techandsoc.com/2017-conference Seventeenth International Conference on Diversity in Tenth International Conference on Organizations, Communities & Nations e-Learning & Innovative Pedagogies University of Toronto – Chestnut Conference Centre University of Toronto Toronto, Canada | 26–28 July 2017 Toronto, Canada | 27 May 2017 www.ondiversity.com/2017-conference www.ubi-learn.com/2017-conference Seventh International Conference on Tenth Global Studies Conference Health, Wellness & Society National University of Singapore University of Denver Singapore | 8–9 June 2017 Denver, USA | 5–6 October 2017 www.onglobalization.com/2017-conference www.healthandsociety.com/2017-conference

Twelfth International Conference on Seventh International Conference on The Arts in Society Food Studies Roma Tre University Pantheon-Sorbonne University Rome, Italy | 26–27 October 2017 Paris, | 14–16 June 2017 www.food-studies.com/2017-conference www.artsinsociety.com/2017-conference Eighth Interdisciplinary Conference on Sport & Society

Founded in 2010, the International Conference on Sport & Society provides a forum for the examination of sport from various perspectives, including: history, sociology, psychology, medicine, health, education, administration and management. The discussions that take place range from broad conceptualizations of the fundamental logics of sport, to highly specific readings of sporting practices in particular times and places. The conference is held annually in different locations around the world, many in association with significant sporting events.

The conference is built upon four key features: Internationalism, Interdisciplinarity, Inclusiveness, and Interaction. Conference delegates include leaders in the field as well as emerging scholars, who travel to the conference from all corners of the globe and represent a broad range of disciplines and perspectives. A variety of presentation options and session types offer delegates multiple opportunities to engage, to discuss key issues in the field, and to build relationships with scholars from other cultures and disciplines. 10 –11 July We invite proposals for paper presentations, workshops/interactive sessions, posters/exhibits, or colloquia.

2017 2017 Special Focus Imperial College London Out of Bounds: Gender, Identity, and Participation in Sport London, UK Returning Member Registration We are pleased to offer a Returning Member Registration Discount to delegates who have attended the Sport & Society Conference in the past. Returning community members receive a discount off the full conference registration rate.

sportandsociety.com/2017-conference sportandsociety.com/2017-conference/call-for-presenters sportandsociety.com/2017-conference/registration