DOCSLIB.ORG

2017 BIOPROSPECTING for EFFECTIVE ANTIBIOTICS from SELECTED KENYAN MEDICINAL PLANTS AGAINST FOUR CLINICAL Salmonella ISOLATES PE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2017 BIOPROSPECTING for EFFECTIVE ANTIBIOTICS from SELECTED KENYAN MEDICINAL PLANTS AGAINST FOUR CLINICAL Salmonella ISOLATES PE BIOPROSPECTING FOR EFFECTIVE ANTIBIOTICS FROM SELECTED KENYAN MEDICINAL PLANTS AGAINST FOUR CLINICAL Salmonella ISOLATES 2017 PETER OGOTI MOSE DOCTOR OF PHILISOPHY PhD (Biochemistry) JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017 MOSE P.O. Bioprospecting for Effective Antibiotics from Selected Kenyan Medicinal Plants against four Clinical Salmonella Isolates Peter Ogoti Mose A thesis submitted in fulfillment for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry in the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology 2017 DECLARATION This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University. Signature………………………………………………Date…………………………. Mose Peter Ogoti This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as University Supervisors: Signature………………………………………………Date…………………………. Prof. Esther Magiri, JKUAT, Kenya Signature……………………………………………...Date…………………………. Prof. Gabriel Magoma, JKUAT, Kenya Signature………………………………………………Date…………………………. Prof. Daniel Kariuki, JKUAT, Kenya Signature………………………………………………Date…………………………. Dr. Christine Bii, KEMRI, Kenya ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my beloved wife and children for their support and prayers. iii ACKNOWLEGEMENT I am grateful to the almighty God for giving me life and strength to overcome challenges. I appreciate the cordial assistance rendered by my supervisors, Prof. Esther Magiri, Prof. Gabriel Magoma, Prof. Daniel Kariuki, all from the department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology and Dr. Christine Bii, Centre of Microbiology Research-Kenya Medical Research Institute for their keen guidance, supervision and persistent support throughout the course of research and writing up of thesis. I would also like to thank the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst for their financial support, Centre of Microbiology Research-Kenya Medical Research Institute for providing clinical Salmonella isolates and microbiology laboratory. I also thank Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology for providing Laboratory facilities. I am grateful to Ms Hyline Mochabo of Department of Medical microbiology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology and Everyn, Centre of Microbiology Research-Kenya Medical Research Institute for providing technical assistance throughout the research program. I would also like to thank Mr. John Kamau, Department of Botany, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, for identification of plant specimens. I appreciate the cooperation of my fellow postgraduate students: Mr. Macharia Mumbi and Mr. Osano. I am greatly indebted to my Wife, Edna Kwamboka for social and psychological support she accorded me throughout the entire period of the research work. Finally, but not leastly, I am grateful to my brothers and sisters in the Lord who have unceasingly been praying for me as I struggled with the research work. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ........................................................................................................ ii DEDICATION ........................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEGEMENT ........................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. xii LIST OF PLATES ................................................................................................... xiv LIST OF APPENDICES ......................................................................................... xvi ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .............................................................. xvii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. xxi CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 General introduction ............................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Typhoid fever ................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 Prevention and Control strategies of typhoid fever ........................................ 3 1.1.3 Challenges associated with typhoid fever management ................................. 6 1.1.4 The role of Dehydrofolate reductase enzyme (DHFR) in S. typhi ................. 7 1.1.5 Ethnopharmacological uses of selected medicinal plants .............................. 8 v 1.2 Statement of the problem ..................................................................................... 9 1.3 Justification of the study ....................................................................................... 9 1.4 Null hypothesis ................................................................................................... 10 1.5 Objectives ........................................................................................................... 10 1.5.1 Broad objective ............................................................................................. 10 1.5.2 Specific objectives ........................................................................................ 11 CHAPTER TWO ..................................................................................................... 12 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................ 12 2.1 Clinical Salmonella typhi and its impacts .......................................................... 12 2.2 Plants with antibacterial activity ........................................................................ 13 2.3 Secondary metabolites from plants with antibacterial activity .......................... 14 2.3.1 Flavonoids .................................................................................................... 15 2.3.2 Alkaloids ...................................................................................................... 17 2.3.3 Terpenes ....................................................................................................... 18 2.3.4 Phenolics and Polyphenols ........................................................................... 18 2.3.5 Coumarins .................................................................................................... 22 2.4 Medicinal properties and uses of the five selected plant species ....................... 23 2.4.1 Tithonia diversifolia ..................................................................................... 23 2.4.2 Warburgia ugandensis ................................................................................. 24 2.4.3 Croton megalocarpus ................................................................................... 24 vi 2.4.4 Carissa edulis ............................................................................................... 25 2.4.5 Launaea cornuta ........................................................................................... 25 2.5 Evaluation of antimicrobial plants ..................................................................... 26 2.5.1 Extraction of bioactive compounds from plants ........................................... 27 2.5.2 Column chromatograpy ................................................................................ 28 2.6 Dihydrofolate Reductase .................................................................................... 29 2.6.1 Function and clinical significance of DHFR ................................................ 30 2.6.2 Mechanism of action of DHFR .................................................................... 32 2.6.3 Therapeutic applications of DHFR ............................................................... 33 2.7 Natural products in drug development ............................................................... 33 CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................. 35 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................ 35 3.1 Experimental study site ...................................................................................... 35 3.2 Experimental design ........................................................................................... 35 3.3 Clinical Salmonella isolates ............................................................................... 36 3.4 Plant Materials .................................................................................................... 36 3.5 Preparation of plant materials for extraction ...................................................... 37 3.5.1 Extraction of phytochemicals from plant materials ..................................... 37 3.5.2 Aqueous extraction ....................................................................................... 38 3.5.3 Determination of phytochemical constituents .............................................. 39 vii 3.6 Controls .............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Domestication and Survival of Selected Medicinal Trees and Shrubs in Chapereria Division West Pokot County Kenya
    Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports 3(2): 1-17, 2019; Article no.AJARR.46516 Domestication and Survival of Selected Medicinal Trees and Shrubs in Chapereria Division West Pokot County Kenya Peris Nyambura Maina 1* and Ms Brexidis Mandila 1 1Department of Agroforestry, University of Kabianga, P.O.Box 2030 – 20200, Kericho, Kenya. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/AJARR/2019/v3i230082 Editor(s): (1) Nadia Sabry El-Sayed El-Gohary, Associate Professor, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt. Reviewers: (1) Javier Rodríguez Villanueva, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. (2) Paul Kweku Tandoh, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle3.com/review-history/46516 Received 23 October 2018 Accepted 16 January 2019 Original Research Article Published 08 February 2019 ABSTRACT Depletion of medicinal plant species as a result of over over-extraction in their natural habitats will have detrimental effects on the livelihood of the locals that herbal medicine is part and parcel of their health systems. Though domestication is the best strategy to conserve medicinal tree and shrub species, most medicinal trees and shrubs have remained undomesticated due to low survival rates and inadequate information on the best strategies to improve survival rates. This study was designated to determine the domestication level and survival rates of selected medicinal tree and shrub species in the semi-arid regions of Chepareria division. A cross-sectional research design was employed in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Lamiales Newsletter
    LAMIALES NEWSLETTER LAMIALES Issue number 4 February 1996 ISSN 1358-2305 EDITORIAL CONTENTS R.M. Harley & A. Paton Editorial 1 Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK The Lavender Bag 1 Welcome to the fourth Lamiales Universitaria, Coyoacan 04510, Newsletter. As usual, we still Mexico D.F. Mexico. Tel: Lamiaceae research in require articles for inclusion in the +5256224448. Fax: +525616 22 17. Hungary 1 next edition. If you would like to e-mail: [email protected] receive this or future Newsletters and T.P. Ramamoorthy, 412 Heart- Alien Salvia in Ethiopia 3 and are not already on our mailing wood Dr., Austin, TX 78745, USA. list, or wish to contribute an article, They are anxious to hear from any- Pollination ecology of please do not hesitate to contact us. one willing to help organise the con- Labiatae in Mediterranean 4 The editors’ e-mail addresses are: ference or who have ideas for sym- [email protected] or posium content. Studies on the genus Thymus 6 [email protected]. As reported in the last Newsletter the This edition of the Newsletter and Relationships of Subfamily Instituto de Quimica (UNAM, Mexi- the third edition (October 1994) will Pogostemonoideae 8 co City) have agreed to sponsor the shortly be available on the world Controversies over the next Lamiales conference. Due to wide web (http://www.rbgkew.org. Satureja complex 10 the current economic conditions in uk/science/lamiales). Mexico and to allow potential partici- This also gives a summary of what Obituary - Silvia Botta pants to plan ahead, it has been the Lamiales are and some of their de Miconi 11 decided to delay the conference until uses, details of Lamiales research at November 1998.
    [Show full text]
  • Involvement of Allelopathy in the Invasive Potential of Tithonia Diversifolia
    plants Review Involvement of Allelopathy in the Invasive Potential of Tithonia diversifolia Hisashi Kato-Noguchi Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; [email protected]; Tel.: +81-87-891-3086 Received: 26 May 2020; Accepted: 17 June 2020; Published: 19 June 2020 Abstract: Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (Asteraceae) is native to Mexico and Central America. The species is spreading quickly and has naturalized in more than 70 countries. It has often been recorded as a harmful invasive plant that disturbs native plant communities. Phytotoxic chemical interactions such as allelopathy between invasive plants and native plants have been reported to play an important role in the invasion. Evidence for allelopathy of T. diversifolia has accumulated in the literature over 30 years. Thus, the objective of this review was to discuss the possible involvement of allelopathy in the invasive potential of T. diversifolia. The extracts, root exudates, and plant residues of T. diversifolia inhibited the germination and growth of other plant species. The soil water and soil collected from T. diversifolia fields also showed inhibitory growth effects. The decomposition rate of T. diversifolia residues in soil was reported to be high. Phytotoxic substances such as sesquiterpene lactones were isolated and identified in the extracts of T. diversifolia. Some phytotoxic substances in T. diversifolia may be released into the soil through the decomposition of the plant residues and the exudation from living tissues of T. diversifolia, including its root exudates, which act as allelopathic substances. Those allelopathic substances can inhibit the germination and growth of neighboring plants and may enhance the competitive ability of the plants, make them invasive.
    [Show full text]
  • (Hemsl.) A. Grays Yin Yin Khaing1, Myat Myat Moe2, Sann Sann Oo3 Abstract It Is a Flowering Plant Known As Tithonia Diversifolia (Hemsl.) A
    1148 3rd Myanmar Korea Conference Research Journal Volume 3, No. 3 Morphological, Microscopical Characters and Phytochemical tests of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Grays Yin Yin Khaing1, Myat Myat Moe2, Sann Sann Oo3 Abstract It is a flowering plant known as Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Grays, belonging to the family Asteraceae. These plants wildly found in Loikaw Township were collected and identified. The morphological characters of vegetative and reproductive parts and microscopical characters of leaves were also studied. Morphology and microscopic examination of these plants were conducted to their correct identification. The plant was perennial robust shrubs and sparsely pubescent. Inflorescences were terminal, solitary head and involucre bracts presented. For microscopical studies, lamina, midrib and petiole were examined by preparing free hand sections. The epidermal cells of both surfaces of the lamina were slightly wavy. Stomata present on both surfaces were numerous and anomocytic type. The preliminary phytochemical tests were examined from the powdered inflorescences. Flavonoid, phenolic compound, tannin, saponin, amino acid and steroid were present in this examination. Introduction Medicinal plants are widely used in non-industrialized societies mainly because they are readily available and cheaper than modern medicine. In many countries, there is little regulation of traditional medicine but world health organization coordinates a network to encourage safe and rational usage. Medicinal plants face both general threats such as climate change and habitat destruction and the specific threat of over collection to meet market demand. Medicinal plants are important for pharmacological research and drug development not only when plant constituents are used directly as therapeutic agents but also when they are used as starting materials for the partial synthesis of drugs or as model for pharmacologically active compounds (WHO, 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • United States Department of Agriculture
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE INVENTORY No. 79 Washington, D. C. T Issued March, 1927 SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED BY THE OFFICE OF FOREIGN PLANT INTRO- DUCTION, BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY, DURING THE PERIOD FROM APRIL 1 TO JUNE 30,1924 (S. P. I. NOS. 58931 TO 60956) CONTENTS Page Introductory statement 1 Inventory 3 Index of common and scientific names _ 74 INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT During the period covered by this, the seventy-ninth, Inventory of Seeds and Plants Imported, the actual number of introductions was much greater than for any similar period in the past. This was due largely to the fact that there were four agricultural exploring expeditions in the field in the latter part of 1923 and early in 1924, and the combined efforts of these in obtaining plant material were unusually successful. Working as a collaborator of this office, under the direction of the National Geographic Society of Washington, D. C, Joseph L. Rock continued to carry on botanical explorations in the Province of Yunnan, southwestern China, from which region he has sent so much of interest during the preceding few years. The collections made by Mr. Rock, which arrived in Washington in the spring of 1924, were generally similar to those made previously in the same region, except that a remarkable series of rhododendrons, numbering nearly 500 different species, many as yet unidentified, was included. Many of these rhododendrons, as well as the primroses, delphiniums, gentians, and barberries obtained by Mr. Rock, promise to be valuable ornamentals for parts of the United States with climatic conditions generally similar to those of Yunnan.
    [Show full text]
  • Macroscopic and Microscopic Features of Diagnostic Value for Warburgia Ugandensis Sprague Leaf and Stem-Bark Herbal Materials
    Vol. 12(2), pp. 36-43, April-June 2020 DOI: 10.5897/JPP2019.0569 Article Number: 488269963479 ISSN: 2141-2502 Copyright©2020 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy http://www.academicjournals.org/JPP Full Length Research Paper Macroscopic and microscopic features of diagnostic value for Warburgia ugandensis Sprague leaf and stem-bark herbal materials Onyambu Meshack Ondora1*, Nicholas K. Gikonyo1, Hudson N. Nyambaka2 and Grace N.Thoithi3 1 Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-0100 Nairobi, Kenya 2 Department of Chemistry, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-0100 Nairobi, Kenya 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202 Nairobi, Kenya Received 28 December 2019, Accepted 2 April 2020 Warbugia ugandensis is among the ten most utilized medicinal plants in East Africa. Stem-bark and leaves are used as remedies for malaria, stomachache, coughs and several skin diseases. Consequently, the plant is endangered because of uncontrolled harvest from the wild and lack of domestication. There is therefore fear of poor quality commercialized products due to lack of quality control mechanisms. The objective of this study was to investigate features of diagnostic value that could be used to confirm its authenticity and purity. Samples in the study were obtained from six different geographical locations in Kenya by random purposive sampling. Macroscopic and microscopic studies of the leaf and stem-bark were done based on a modified method from the American herbal pharmacopoeia. The study revealed over five macroscopic and organoleptic characteristics for W.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Medicinal Plants in Two Urban Areas in Kenya (Thika and Nairobi): Diversity of Traded Species and Conservation Concerns Grace N
    Traditional Medicinal Plants in Two Urban Areas in Kenya (Thika and Nairobi): Diversity of traded species and conservation concerns Grace N. Njoroge Research Abstract In Kenya there is a paucity of data on diversity, level of de- The use and commercialization of Non-timber forest prod- mand and conservation concerns of commercialized tra- ucts which include medicinal plants has been found to be ditional medicinal plant species. A market study was un- an important livelihood strategy in developing countries dertaken in two urban areas of Central Kenya to identify where rural people are economically vulnerable (Belcher species considered to be particularly important in trade as & Schreckenberg 2007, Schackleton et al. 2009). This well as those thought to be scarce. The most common- brings about improvement of incomes and living stan- ly traded species include: Aloe secundiflora Engl, Urtica dards (Mbuvi & Boon 2008, Sunderland & Ndoye 2004). massaica Mildbr., Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkm, Me- In the trade with Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkm., for ex- lia volkensii Gürke and Strychnos henningsii Gilg. Aloe ample, significant improvement of village revenues has secundiflora, P. africana and Strychnos henningsii were been documented in some countries such as Madagas- found to be species in the markets but in short supply. car (Cunnigham et al. 1997). Plants used as medicines The supply chain in this area also includes plant species in traditional societies on the other hand, are still relevant already known to be rare such as Carissa edulis (Forssk.) as sources of natural medicines as well as raw materials Vahl and Warburgia ugandensis Sprague. Most of the for new drug discovery (Bussmann 2002, Flaster 1996, suppliers are rural herbalists (who harvest from the wild), Fyhrquiet et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Artemisia Crithmifolia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae)
    CARYOLOGIA Vol. 62, no. 2: 152-160, 2009 Changes in genome size in a fragmented distribution area: the case of Artemisia crithmifolia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae). Pellicer Jaume1, Sònia Garcia2, Teresa Garnatje2 and Joan Vallès1* 1 Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, s.n., 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. 2 Institut Botànic de Barcelona (CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia s.n., Parc de Montjuïc, 08038 Barcelona, Cata- lonia, Spain. Abstract — Artemisia crithmifolia is a hexaploid shrub which inhabits the coastal Atlantic sand dunes of Western Europe, from the Southern Iberian Peninsula to the Netherlands, reaching the British Isles. Genome size data of 45 populations of A. crithmifolia, covering its entire distribution area, were obtained using the flow cytometry method. The 2C nuclear DNA content in this species ranged from 14.27 to 15.72 pg, the mean value being 14.98 pg. A negative correlation between nuclear DNA amount and latitude has been found, and statistically significant differences between two groups resulting from the fragmentation of the distribution area were evidenced. Key words: 2C value, Compositae, dunes, flow cytometry, nuclear DNA amount. INTRODUCTION species occupies the maritime sands, principally at the back of the dunes in process of stabilization The genus Artemisia L. is one of the largest on the Northern Atlantic beaches, being part of of the Asteraceae, with more than 500 species two associations, Corynephoretum atlanticum and (OBERPRIELER et al. 2007). Different taxonomic Roseto-Ephedretum (KUHNZH O LTZ -LO RDAT 1927), rearrangements, based on morphological traits, which are closely related (VANDEN 1958). have been carried out, and five large subgenera Artemisia crithmifolia, a species from subgenus are considered at present (Absinthium DC., Ar- Dracunculus, presents capitula with glabrous re- temisia, Dracunculus Besser, Seriphidium Besser ceptacles, the outer florets female and the remain- and Tridentatae (Rydb.) McArthur).
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Artemisia: a 2012–2017 Literature Review on Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial, Insecticidal and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils
    medicines Review The Genus Artemisia: A 2012–2017 Literature Review on Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial, Insecticidal and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils Abhay K. Pandey ID and Pooja Singh * Bacteriology & Natural Pesticide Laboratory, Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273009, India; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +91-941-508-3883 Academic Editors: Gerhard Litscher and Eleni Skaltsa Received: 8 August 2017; Accepted: 5 September 2017; Published: 12 September 2017 Abstract: Essential oils of aromatic and medicinal plants generally have a diverse range of activities because they possess several active constituents that work through several modes of action. The genus Artemisia includes the largest genus of family Asteraceae has several medicinal uses in human and plant diseases aliments. Extensive investigations on essential oil composition, antimicrobial, insecticidal and antioxidant studies have been conducted for various species of this genus. In this review, we have compiled data of recent literature (2012–2017) on essential oil composition, antimicrobial, insecticidal and antioxidant activities of different species of the genus Artemisia. Regarding the antimicrobial and insecticidal properties we have only described here efficacy of essential oils against plant pathogens and insect pests. The literature revealed that 1, 8-cineole, beta-pinene, thujone, artemisia ketone, camphor, caryophyllene, camphene and germacrene D are the major components in most of the essential oils of this plant species. Oils from different species of genus Artemisia exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens and insecticidal activity against insect pests. However, only few species have been explored for antioxidant activity. Keywords: Artemisia; essential oil; chemical composition; antimicrobial; insecticidal; antioxidant 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Page De Garde
    ار اا اا ا وزارة ا ا و ا ا République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique Université d’Oran Es-Sénia Faculté des Sciences Département de Biologie Mémoire en vue de l’obtention du diplôme de Magistère en Biologie Option : Biochimie Végétale Appliquée Thème Screening de plantes pour leur activité inhibitrice de l’acétylcholinestérase et analyse phytochimique Présenté par : Mr BENAMAR Houari Soutenu le 2008, devant la commission du jury : Mr BELKHODJA Moulay Prof. Université d’Oran Président Mr AOUES Abdelkader Prof. Université d’Oran Examinateur Mme BENNACEUR Malika M.C. Université d’Oran Examinatrice Mr MAROUF Abderrazak M.C. Université d’Oran Rapporteur 2008-2009 REMERCIMENTS Ce travail a été réalisé au Laboratoire de Biochimie Végétale (Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université d’Oran, Es-Sénia), sous la direction du Docteur MAROUF Abderrazak (Maître de conférences à l’Université d’Oran, Es-Sénia), à qui j’exprime mes sincères remerciements pour ses connaissances, sa compétence, sa rigueur scientifique et ses conseils avisés. Mes très vifs remerciements vont à Monsieur BELKHODJA Moulay, Professeur à l’Université d’Oran, Es-Sénia, d'avoir accepté la présidence du jury de ce mémoire. Mes chaleureux remerciements vont aussi à Monsieur AOUES Abdelkader, Professeur à l’Université d’Oran, Es-Sénia, d’avoir accepté d’examiner ce travail. J'exprime ma profonde gratitude à Madame BENNACEUR Malika, Maître de conférences à l’Université d’Oran, Es-Sénia, d'avoir accepté d’examiner ce travail et de nous avoir aidé tout au long du magister, qu'elle trouve ici le témoignage de mon profond remerciement.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Article in VITRO CYTOTOXIC PROPERTIES of SIX ARTEMISIA L
    Turk J. Pharm. Sci. 8 (3), 247-252, 2011 Original article IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF SIX ARTEMISIA L. SPECIES Şüra BAYKAN EREL1*, Serdar GÖKHAN ŞENOL2, Fadime AYDIN KÖSE3, Petek BALLAR 3 1Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, TURKEY 2Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, TURKEY 3Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, TURKEY Abstract Methanolic extracts of Artemisia L. taxons (Artemisia absinthium L., Artemisia arborescens L., Artemisia campestris L., Artemisia scoparia Waldst&Kit, Artemisia santonicum L., Artemisia vulgaris L. and Artemisia arborescens L.) were investigated for their cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines, MCF7, A549, HeLa, and two human normal cell lines, A7R5 and 293T. The cytotoxic activities were analyzed by real-time cell analysis system measuring electrical impedance. Artemisia scoparia Waldst&Kit. showed significant effect on MCF7 (IC50: 34 jug/mL) and HeLa (LC50: 90 jug/mL). A. absinthium exhibited selective cytotoxic activity on MCF7 (IC50: 270 fig/mL). Key words: Artemisia, Cytotoxic, MCF7, A549, HeLa, A7R5, 293T. Altı Artemisia L. Türünün in vitro Sitotoksik Özellikleri Bu gahsmada Artemisia L. (Artemisia absinthium L., Artemisia arborescens L., Artemisia campestris L., Artemisia scoparia Waldst&Kit, Artemisia santonicum L., Artemisia vulgaris L. ve Artemisia arborescens L) Mrlerine ait metanollü ekstrelerin üg insan kanserli Mere hattında (MCF7, A549, HeLa) ve iki normal insan Mere hattında (A7R5 and 293T ) sitotoksik aktiviteleri araştinldı. Sitotoksik aktiviteler elektriksel empedans ölgen gergek zamanh Mere analiz sistemi He ölguldü. Sonugta Artemisia scoparia Waldst&Kit ekstresinin MCF7(LC50: 34 jug/mL) ve HeLa (LC50: 90 jug/mL) üzerinde oldukga yüksek aktivite gösterdiği saptandı.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Essential Oils of Artemisia Arborescens on Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus Aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
    Journal of Plant Sciences 2014; 2(6-1): 1-4 Published online March 13, 2015 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/jps) doi: 10.11648/j.jps.s.2014020601.11 ISSN: 2331-0723 (Print); ISSN: 2331-0731 (Online) Effect of essential oils of Artemisia arborescens on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bachir Raho Ghalem Department of Biology, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria Email address: [email protected] To cite this article: Bachir Raho Ghalem. Effect of Essential Oils of Artemisia arborescens on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Journal of Plant Sciences. Special Issue: Pharmacological and Biological Investigation of Medicinal Plants. Vol. 2, No. 6-1, 2014, pp. 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.s.2014020601.11 Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the potential use of Artemisia arborescens as a source of antimicrobial agents against pathogens. Essential oils of A. arborescens were collected by hydrodistillation. The antibacterial properties of A. arborescens essential oil was studied on the standard gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ), and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive bacteria), then agar disk diffusion, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were detected. The results of agar disk diffusion tests showed the inhibition zones as follow: S. aureus 00-18 mm, E. coli 00-16 mm and 08-14 mm for P. aeruginosa . However, their antibacterial activities were lower than those of Gentamicin. The MIC for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was between 33 and 66 mg/ml, and for Gram-negative bacteria of E. coli was between 66 and 132 mg/ml, while the MBC values of this oil against the tested bacterial strains were between 132 and 264 mg/ml.
    [Show full text]