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© in This Web Service Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-40383-3 - Granivorous Birds in Ecosystems: Their Evolution, Populations, Energetics, Adaptations, Impact and Control Edited by Jan Pinowski and S. Charles Kendeigh Index More information Index Acanthis cannabina communal roosts, 331, egg Baird's sandpiper, see Erolia bairdii weight loss durmg incubation, 112, flock feed- basal metabolism (BM), 129-34, adaptation to mg, 331 local chmate, 133-4, daily rhythm, 129-30, sea­ Acanthis flammea basal metabolism, seasonal sonal changes, 130, 131, 195, sex differences, changes, 130, diet and feeding behaviour, 313, 129, and species weight and taxonomy, 130-3, as a non-pest species, 335, 337, 339, as a pest of various bird species, 363-73 species, 313, 339-40 Baya weaver, see Ploceus phillipinus Acanthis spp breeding behavior, 324, brood bill modifications, 303, 306-8 number, 324, cage locomotor activity, 148, diet, biotelemetry, used to estimate DEB, 199 324, migration, 195 BIRD simulation model, 213, 214, 220, 224, 240, Acridotheres cristatellus, as a pest species, 299 264 Aegithalos caudatus, roosting behavior, 156 black-bellied tree duck, see Dendrocygna autum­ aesthetics and recreation, role of birds, 206-7 nalis African weaver finch, see Ploceus cucullatus black-capped chickadee, see Parus atricapillus Agelaius phoeniceus, 4, biomass production, black duck, see Anas rubnpes 122^, 125-6, (eggs) 122, (young) 122^, (adults) blackbirds, see icterids 124, 126, breeding behavior, 86, 90, 94, 239, blue grouse, see Dendropagus obscurus 321-2, 328, 334, breeding biotopes, 90, 94, 103, blue tit, see Parus caeruleus 207, 321, 329, diet and feeding behavior, 239-44, blue-winged teal, see Anas discors 293, 312, 334, distribution, 5, 6, 53, 207, energy bobolink, see Dolichonyx oryzivorus demand, 239, flocking and roosting behavior, bobwhite diet, 192, metabolizable energy coeffi­ 86-7,94,102-^, 207, 210, 246-8, 267-8, 293, 312, cient, 192 328-9, migration, 86-7, 267-8, as a pest species, brambhng, see Fringilla montifringilla 103-4, 207, 240, 246-7, 267-300, 335-40, popula­ breeding colonial, 328-30, efficiency, 321-2, initi­ tion (breeding) density, 92, 102-3, 239^0, pro­ ation of, 320-1, rapid, cycles, 321-2, synchron­ duction values, 88-93, (brood number) 126, ization, 321 See also under individual species (clutch size) 88-90, (hatching success) 88-90, brood number, and natality rates, 323^ See also (fledging success) 88-90, (adult survival) 90-2, under individual species (life expectancy) 92-3, sex ratio, 88-90, size, 'brood reduction', 326 240-1 brooding young, energy cost of, 173-4 Agelaius spp breeding behavior, 334, commen­ brown-headed cowbird, see Molothrus ater salism with man, 48, diet and feeding behavior, brown pelican, see Pelecanus occidentalis 334 bullfinch, see Pyrrhula pyrrhula Agelaius tricolor breeding behavior, 317-18, 321, 324, 328-9, 334, diet and feeding behavior, 317, cactus wren, see Campylorhynchos brunnei­ distribution, 316-18, flocking and roosting capillus behavior, 317, 321, 328-9, migration, 317, as a cage locomotor activity, 147 pest species, 335-40 Calamospiza melanocorys diet, 243^, as a non- agricultural communities animals, 20, crops, 15, pest species, 335, 337 20, development, 15, 19-22, 50, distribution, Calcarius lapponicus energy cost of courtship, 19-20, 23, housing, 20-1, migration, 24, settle­ 174, as a non-pest species, 335, 337 ments, 19-21 Calidris spp , energy cost of incubating eggs, 171 agriculture archaeological records, 19-22, bird Campylorhynchos brunneicapillus, energy cost of impact on, 209-12, development, 15, 19-22 brooding young, 173^ American goldfinch, see Carduelis tristis Cape sparrow, see Passer melanurus American Inca dove, see Scardafella inca Cardinalis cardinalis ' climate space' diagram for, Ammomanes deserti, nest position and incubation 154, diet, 193, metabolizable energy coefficient, of eggs, 171 193 Amphispiza belli, as a non-pest species, 335, 337 Carduelis chloris communal roosts, 331, diet and Anas discors, weight change, 153 feeding behavior, 312, 331 Anas platyrhynchos, energy cost of incubating Carduelis tristis, as a non-pest species, 335, eggs, 169, swimming, 164 337-40 Anas rubnpes energy requirement for growth, carrion crow, see Corvus corone 187-8, metabolizable energy coefficient, 192 cereal crops, early cultivation, 21 Apodemus silvaticus, egg predator, 73 chaffinch, see Fnngilla coelebs Aratinga spp , as pests, 268 chestnut sparrow, see Passer eminibey archaeological records, development of agricul­ cinnamon sparrow, see Passer rutilans ture, 19-22 Cistothorus palustns, calorific value, eggs, 167 425 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-40383-3 - Granivorous Birds in Ecosystems: Their Evolution, Populations, Energetics, Adaptations, Impact and Control Edited by Jan Pinowski and S. Charles Kendeigh Index More information Index climatic conditions, and the initiation of breeding DENDROCYGNA AUTUMNALIS: calorific value, eggs, activity, 320-1, 324 167; energy requirement, growth of young, clutch size; environmental influences on, 322-3; 183-6, 189-91; metabolizable energy coefficient, and natality rates, 322-3. SEE ALSO UNDER INDI­ 192 VIDUAL SPECIES DENDROICA KIRTLANDII, population decrease caused coal tit, SEE PARUS ATER by MOLOTHRUS ATER, 95 COCCOTHRAUSTES COCCOTHRAUSTES: diet and feeding DENDROCOPUS MAJOR, egg predator, 73 behavior, 306, 331-2; flocking and roosting DENDROPAGUS OBSCURUS, energy requirement for behavior, 332; structure of bill, 306 growth, 187 COCCOTHRAUSTES VESPERTINUS: basal metabolism, desert lark, SEE AMMOMANES DESERTI daily rhythm, 130; bill size and structure, 306; desert sparrow, SEE PASSER SIMPLEX diet, 192, 306; metabolizable energy coefficient, dickcissel, SEE SPIZA AMERICANA 192; as a non-pest species, 337; opportunistic dietary opportunism, 308-13 population movements, 263 digestive tract, structural modifications, 307 COLINUS VIRGINIANUS: calorific value, eggs, 167; as a distributional opportunism, 313-19 non-pest species, 335, 337 DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS: brood reduction, 326; colonies, bird: agricultural habitats, 248-9; breed­ 'distant flight' behavior, 319; as a non-pest ing, 328-30; community attributes, 249-51, 262; species, 335, 337; as a pest species, 339 energy demands, 251-3, 259, 262; feeding domestic fowl, SEE GALLUS GALLUS behavior, 295, 330-2; food consumption, domestic pigeon, SEE COLUMBA LIVIA 253^, 262; migrations, 86-7; in natural ecosys­ double-crested cormorant, SEE PHALACROCORAX tems, 261-3; as pests, 267-8, 295, 327-8, 342; AURITIS social organization, 327-8, 342 DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA, polymorphism, 39 COLUMBA LIVIA: commensalism with man, 48; as a DRYOMYS NITEDULA, nestling predator, 78 pest species, 275, 335-9 dunlin, SEE EROLIA ALPINA COLUMBA PALUMBUS, as a pest species, 268-9, 271, 274 eared dove, SEE ZENAIDURA AURICULATA commensalism with man, PASSER DOMESTICUS, 4, 9, ecosystem functioning, role of birds in, 207-9 15-18, 22-8, 47-51, 53, 205-66 PASSIM, 314-15 ECTOPISTES MIGRATORIUS: colonial breeding, 328; common grackle, SEE QUISCALUS QUISCULA eradication, 269 common redpoll, SEE ACANTHIS FLAMMEA egg laying, energy cost of, 165-6 computer simulation models for estimating: ELIOMYS QUERCINUS, egg predator, 73 energy requirements, 10, 11,200-3, 213-21, 264, EMBERIZA CITRINELLA: egg weight loss during incuba­ 343; food consumption, 10, 219-20, 264, 343; tion, 112; heat conserved by fluffing plumage, potential impact, 10, 264-6, 343^ 157; as a non-pest species, 335,337 cooperative breeding, 327 EMBERIZA HORTULANA, heat conserved by fluffing coot, see FULICA AMERICANA plumage, 157 CORVUS CORAX TIBETANUS, size, 146 energy-conserving conditions and activities, 153-9 CORVUS CORONE, as a pest species, 335, 337-40 energy-demanding conditions and activties, CORVUS FRUGILEGUS, energy requirement for growth, 159-77 186-7; as a pest species, 335, 337^0 energy units, conversion of, 14 CORVUS MONEDULA, as a pest species, 335, 337-40 EREMOPHILA ALPESTRIS, 4, 5; basal metabolism, daily CORVUS spp.: breeding behavior, 320-2; distribu­ rhythm, 130; bill structure and size, 306; breed­ tion, 313; as pests, 268, 334 ing behavior, 239, 261, 263; breeding biotopes, COTUMIX COTUMIX: calorific value, lean dry weight, 263; diet and feeding behavior, 239, 242, 261, 189; chemical control of, 274 263, 306; distribution, 7, 9; energy demand, 239, courtship, energy cost of, 174 242; migration, 242; as a non-pest species, 335, cowbird, SEE MOLOTHRUS ATER 337; population (breeding) density, 239; size, crested mynah, SEE ACRIDOTHERES CRISTATELLUS 242 critical temperature (defined): lower, 134, 136-7; ERITHACUS RUBECULA, egg weight loss during incuba­ upper, 134 tion, 112 crop, function of, 303, 307 EROLIA ALPINA: calorific value, eggs, 167; energy crossbills, SEE LOXIA spp. requirement for growth, 187; metabolizable crows, SEE CORVUS spp. energy coefficient, 192 EROLIA BAIRDII: calorific value, eggs, 167; tempera­ daily energy budget (DEB), 10, 177-83, 195-6, ture regulation on hatching, 189 342-3; adaptation to local climate, 179-81; com­ EUPLECTES ORIX, as a pest species, 299 ponents, 198; estimation of, 197-203; and exis­ EUPLECTES spp.: breeding behavior, 334; diet and tence metabolism, 181; and food consumed, feeding behavior, 334 191-4, 343; and growth of young, 183-91; and European tree sparrow, SEE PASSER MONTANUS species weight, 182-3 evening grosbeak, SEE COCCOTHRAUSTES VESPERTINUS DELICHON URBICA, nests occupied by PASSER DOMES­ evolution, avian energetics and, 194-7
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