Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Financial and Technical Assistance Geological Survey Program 7.5 Minute Series Geologic Quadrangle Map 16 Geologic Map of Wind Cave National Park Prepared in cooperation with the Department of the Interior, Prepared in cooperation with Albion College, Albion, Michigan Brian A. Fagnan, Beth Z. Lincoln1, and Timothy N. Lincoln1 National Park Service, Wind Cave National Park 2013
EXPLANATION State of South Dakota South Dakota Geological Survey Dennis Daugaard, Governor Derric L. Iles, State Geologist 47 Alluvium - Unconsolidated to loosely consolidated clay, silt, and ! Contact R. 5 E. 27' 30" R. 6 E. Qal angular to rounded, sand and gravel. Deposited in present-day Long dashed where approximately located; short 6 624
23 drainages dashed where inferred only in cross section; arrow
48 Pullout  af 87 48 indicates contact dip direction and amount 33 ( 33 73 Xrr 6 000m.
22 E 63 1 6 o 6 - Well-cemented, angular to subangular, sand- 2 o 4400 25 Conglomerate Xrg Qal 74 Qcg to pebble-sized clasts, derived mainly from the Minnekahata Limestone Form line
Tic indicates dip direction of beds
Xh with minor quantities of Precambrian and Early Paleozoic lithologies. P o
o Xrr
41 Quaternary
o
o
82 80 A 62 Matrix is composed of calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate probably
Xrg o o
Â
 S A 68
o  o
a 46 o derived from hot springs (Wolcott, 1967). Some conglomerate could be o n 60 00 Ä
43 c Â
54 5 tu 6 81 FAULT
o o
103° 30' 4 a s associated with the White River Group but was not differentiated in the
Xrr 60 r ÄÄ 0 y 61 6 o Ä 0 Ú 6
QTg o
0 T 6 10 study area. Approximate thickness 2-15 ft (0.6-4.6 m) ; o  4 r P 68 74 a 82
84 35 7
68 24 i
 44 o l
r o 49 Fault o Xr o
 10 o
Â
o
Â
o 50 Â Xst
0 - Unconsolidated to loosely consolidated clay- to Long dashed where approximately located; short o Gravel deposit
48 000m. o 45 0
65 54 6 4 6 6 Ä A 8 Ä 103° 22' 30"
0 Ä 25' 6 6 6
32 N 4 30 4 6 6 dashed where inferred; dotted where concealed. A 32
11 85 4 0 o 28 29 30 33 QTg
54 A 26 27 A boulder-sized clasts comprised of Precambrian lithologies and minor
47 30 O_d 0 A
o o o Bar and ball on downthrown side
6 Ä Ä
41 71 12 Ä 48
o A Ä Ä A 32 Paleozoic carbonate and sandstone. All gravels are sub-rounded to
o Ú
84 Ao QTg
¹ Â Qal 10 42 o
 0
Ä 7 . e  0
Xrr o  P*m Pm ¹ 6 o 5 rounded. Some gravel deposits may be associated with the White River
67 o 4 A
s 82 10 A 2 QTg o 5 3 o o
P 72 Xrr 6 0 4 4100 4000 9
 2
88 p 6 0 0 R. 6 E. R. 7 E. Group but were not differentiated in the study area l ¹ 53 M 0 0
A Xh 53 i 54 Ä A Tw 0
a 30 s o 70 5 Mp Tw 6 FOLDS 58 72 Â 5 Pm6
r o ) 34 87 Äo il
T 42 A a ¹ r P*m 27 26 o 23 9 5 o QTg
A e 47 o Xh l T QTg o 11
g 77 a 8 A 10
d o i QTg QTg Pullout i Lookout Tower 14 45 Tw 43° 37' 30" Disconformity
R 56 55 n 28 n Tw 40 o 35 o 54 30 e 11 00 4 H 43° 37' 30" n ¹ t 10 12 Xrr 87 i o O_d 4 0 7 F Anticline ( 4 n 30
k e 0 af o 6 70 o 0 o Xh A
n Xh A 0 C A
0 55 Showing crestline and direction of plunge. o MDe 0 0 o a o 8 ; Tertiary
0 3 0
0 4
o 53 27 o White River Group - Tan, brown, and light-gray siltstone, claystone, 7 R 30 6 21 w
Xst o A Xst 52 78 o 3 T Long dashed where approximately located;
4 4 80 A 17 ; ; o
Â
64 o o o A Ä 69 ¹ Tw
o A Po Tw 3 and white to light-gray, vuggy, finely-crystalline, lacustrine limestone. short dashed where inferred; dotted where
o M A o 80
o Xst A 0
78 4 Ä Oligocene ut M 48 Pullo A o 5 H 34 5 Ä concealed
53 0 4400 00 78 Â Tw 39 Ju A Contains sparse lenses of conglomerate indicating possible stream
31 0 o 3 0 Pm A 68 29 i 4 0 to g
4 A 11
o 5
I 22 h 4
o 6 AA ¹ 000 channels. Some gravel deposits of unit QTg could be associated with the s A
0 A
54 o 18 l Eocene
o 20
¹ a
I 0 00 48
I 65 Mp A 3 QTg 4 Â
n *m1
53 I 85 26 65 o Ä 31 68 o 9 Tw o White River Group but were not differentiated in the study area. Exposed
d o o 61
o Ä M o H
63 o Ú A o
4 s a 12 0 M Syncline
6 o 12 9 78 0 QTg
58 Â 1 o 73 0 o o 4300 4 thickness greater than 200 ft (61 m) Ú Mp Qal 0 Ú o 88 R 60 82 QTg A Showing troughline and direction of plunge. ¹ Ú 11
4 4 o 18 11 3 5 4501 2 A
a 77 00 A 0 74 Â Long dashed where approximately located;
o 55 78 38 0 Tw
n 31 8 Ju
M QTg A o Js
s 0
4 o 5 o
o 18 o 65 00
0 43 A short dashed where inferred; dotted where o  o
k Â83 o 65 A Disconformity
8 Â o
A o 20
4 16 0
i 40  0 40 22 0 30 4 11 0 o  3 A o 80 concealed n AA 4 23 0 3
5 o 6 5 18 o
I o
0 o 10 o 21
82 14 26 0 75 3
20 6 Xh ¹ 9
s 72 o 20 o Ú ;
Ú 17
*m1 *m3 14 o 0 o A
16 0 74 o 18 12
o
63 o 73 ÄÄ 29 Kl 13 15 o Fall River Formation - Gray to light-gray, fine- to very fine-grained,
13 86 o
53 15 o 12 e Ä o
72 A o  A
 A Ä o 43 5 o A A 18 1 Kl Â
48 *m3 o
58 78 20 4 8 15 Kf thin-bedded, carbonaceous sandstone interbedded with laminated, Monocline, anticlinal bend
o 4 T
o 0 4
70 70 R 0 *m2 43 7 Js
A 84 43 ¹ A 00 12
4 ¹ 20 o Mp 14 Axis located on steepest part of structure. Shorter
o *m  P 5 o QTg carbonaceous siltstone. Exposed thickness greater than 100 ft (30.5 m)
A 4 6
i ÂÂ 4 o o
 56 Xst o *m 4 0 48 4 75 d Ö
0 3 6 2
6 2 Ju o
o 0
 arrow indicates steeper beds. Long dashed where 0 0 ¹ 13 0
30 0 P 89 MDe o 0
o
19 Ä
g 0
4823 ¹ 4
o 4300 4 1 10 o 2 0 Ä 25
4 Ä o
Ä 0 o
0 Ä 10 approximately located; dotted where concealed H 0
Xrr e 6o 9 18 81 0
79 43 12 QTg o
o Tg Q 0
i
74 s 69 83 g
Ú64 o 4 A o 48
0
I Disconformity
Ú o Ä
80 MDe o 2 o ¹ Pm6 36
4 h 21 o 8 68 Ä ; 30 0 *m3
o
I o Xrr 57
o 32 85 0 l a 3
¹ QTg 5 Lower
A Ä 4
70 P 79 P Ä Mp o 0
Ä
5 Ju o n
 o 45 0 QTg
¹ 0 10 A o s Qal 9
73 s 0 C d Cretaceous
80 r 3 Ju Cretaceous I
o O_d e 4 13 20 Overturned anticline
P 15 C
58 Xh 46 *m e Lakota Formation - Tan, brown, and light-gray, medium- to
o 1 29 72 o k A o Xrg r Location of trace of axial surface and dip
Ä e Ä
45 A o
6 o e Kl 9 o
38 Ä 6 coarse-grained, crossbedded sandstone interbedded with mudstone.
o o Ä o
o direction of limbs; long dashed where
k 84 Â 34
o Po Kl
84 A B
o *m4 4
QTg 16 10 14 T o
53 o 8 12 Ä approximately located; dotted where concealed Ä o Ä Js Middle of the formation contains lenses of sandy limestone. Forms A
74 Â A 4
Â15 S *m4 Ä r Tw 15 a H ^Ps o
38 o l A
o
Ú A a ; 10 a B o
o p i o M la o 4 72 prominent outcrops; large boulders may occur as colluvium or talus.
70 n l Pm 0 ck
84 QTg o 7 75 n o t o 68
R 4 0 a
50 c o i Creek A14 84 0 A l
0 4 0 Pm
t 1 A 6 Â 0 d 0 u 78 o 74 e 4 o 4 Â
  A 18 Contains petrified wood. Approximate thickness 200-350 ft
 0
80 0 47 a *m3 9 7 Â
Pm 4
0 A o 6 a o 77
r ; s 55
A o 82 M 81 P
y A 2
4200 14 3900 o 2 3 Overturned syncline 71 o Js
73 v o 71 8
T o A 00 (61-106.7 m)
 o 28 e 17 25 Â
r 4 Ä
o  Location of trace of axial surface and dip
7 a 2 A
Xh 3 s 0
s 0 Ä
Xh Ú i Kl
48 L l 0 o 14
o Tw
30 12 P*m5 direction of limbs; long dashed where
o 3 o 1
o 29 o 4 64 i o Ú o
MDe F 6 Ä
60 m ^Ps Ä
75 o 11 o Tw 27 84 11 Ä
*m1 A o approximately located; dotted where concealed
s o 9 Disconformity
Xc ¹ 51
o 3
e o ÄF 67 0
68 o Mp A 90 48
o s 5 0 70 Qal Ä 0 o 5 6 ; 10
9 8 86
Ä *m4 A 4 29
53 t o o
43 0 3
60 57 o 440 QTg M 4 o
22 1 o o
o 8 100 Qal
n 4 0 Â
Pigtail A 82 Â
0 ;
A e 4 13 o 24 56 o
4600 Pm6 Ä o 80 B ¹ 1 21 Qal
ridge 23 19 *m3 0 M Ä Unkpapa Sandstone - Buff to white, calcareous, well-sorted, friable,
24 20 0 Pm oÄ 9 23 Small anticline
Xh Ä
A o
o QTg 0
Ä 16 Ä
M o Tw 0 Ö
) Ä
17 Ä 9 o
o 11 Ju
o A Showing bearing and plunge
57 Ä quartz sandstone. Locally pink to purple in the top of the formation.
4400 6 A 3 o o
5 ¹ 3 o 6
10 3 Ä
53 A 6 R 9
76 84 Mp 0 9 Ä
o
o 0
o
Ú C o o
Ä
15 Â o o Fine- to medium-grained, crossbedded. Approximate thickness
78 G QTg 1o 4 ; 10 ^Ps i
e o o Ä d o o o
72 u o O_d n 80 6A o Ä
78 Ä 6 6 o o o g
o
t Ä 10-50 ft (3.0-15.2 m)
86 l Ä
c 55 A e Ä 13 Upper
4 n  43 11 o 20 e
Mp 52 4 h n 00 P*m5 o 8 58 Kf
d 6 o
O_ 7 0 Xh o 12 9 o Small syncline 3 o
0 i 13 3 62 Jurassic a 4 Â o
 63 80 o 4 × o 8
¹ 6 5 AA Â
l 1 10 Â
Â Ú 12
MDe 0 Â Showing bearing and plunge 71 o *m
1 o T 0
74 58 5 0 Ridge
Ä
45 r 13 6 6 0 Ä d Trail
o n
85 a Ä a A o
A l Ä Disconformity
A 8
6 76 A o 3 o Ä A i *m o QTg QTg
l 2 3 QTg o B
72 o
o 6 o Ä Xh o
4 Ú QTg o
7 MDe Ä . Ä
0 ÄÄ
o *m1 Ö 4
0 Ä A Kl
4 3
Pullout o
Äo 8 o A
o 6
6 *m Ä 8
48 Ú 0 42 4 o A
62 0 00 Ä e 0 0 72 Ä Ú
5 0 7
28 4 o 11 11 33 0 A Ä 11 Ä 5
o 10 Ä Ä Ä Minor fold o 11 Pm Ä 3 Ä
89 8 50 Mp 6 Sundance Formation - Includes the members listed below, which o o
Ä 6
4 A 48 Axis and plunge of single fold 79 Ä 15 0 33
57 C 0 A 28 Js are observed in the field but not shown separated on the map or cross s 0 Ä
58 68 44 Mp an P*m5 Po Pm Äo R. 6 E. R. 7 E.
o y QTg
44 on o section. Approximate thickness 240-270 ft (73.2-82.3 m) C Ä
0 o
o sg 22 o ^P
66 o 0
o Ä 5 *m 3 u 2 A
QTg o P*m5 9
*m4 o 0 Js a 60 17 r Dome
72 4 0 Pm6 A 0 50 l 3 0 A 26
Xcs o e 0 2 7
Xh 68 ¹ 0 4 Qal 0 y Mp o
Ä 0
 60 54 4300 o - Light gray-green, calcareous,
 *m1 9 Redwater Shale Member M  s 0 o Ju
3 0 29 3 3
69 70 46 46 3 12 80 o A
¹ A 4 0
26 4 QTg Ä Ä glauconitic siltstone and sandstone. Contains the fossil Pachyteuthis sp. Ä o 8 o o
4 Ä
0 Ä
H o
0 Xrg 42 Â
Ú 4 0 o Ä STRIKE AND DIP OF BEDDING
63 4 0 Ö o Distinct as a marker bed when seen in outcrop 73 o
78 0 C
80 53 Ú 0 MDe
¹ O_d
o Ä 9 ^Psg o Kl
a 10
o A d o _ Â O 17 40 Â 13Ä
 7 n Pm6 3 85
3 QTg 9 Ä o26 y 0 27 ; M 42 78 74 o *m *m o 0 26 1 3 R
32 47 47 o 0 Disconformity 33
0 S
38 n B o Jurassic
¹ o 30 1 9 78
2 o MDe 28 e o Inclined
6 25 4 12 o
4 U o 7 2 QTg
48 79 Pullout 0 ^Ps  o 0 d 19 o H
27 3961 F 48 o Highland F Ä
77 o o o 15 A o 27 85 89 A
83 52 o 8Â5 6 M 4 A 56 Mp *m 4 3 L 80 - Red, fine-grained, calcareous, o
¹ o 14 4 7 Lak Shale Member B 0 1 0 O
74 Â
69 0 0 0 H Â e
Xcs e 68 T 2 0 4 43° 35'
o r 0 l o
a o a r 0 Horizontal
ia il e 4 0 G 81 glauconitic siltstone and sandstone. Distinct as a marker bed when
35' v o n av P*m5 Middle 45 A
4 e n e o
5 6 B 10 A
r e o o P 64 o seen in outcrop
0 4200 t o
59 0 n *m1 ^Psg Jurassic
o 0 17 31
e 0 M 4
o C 8 o
Mp 4 Pm6 3 0 Ä 20
3 re C 15 o
0 O 0
0 e Äo 0 13 12
o 31
k 64 0 0 Ä
Xmgw o Mp 3 33 4 420 A N 0 o o A Qal Ä Overturned o Ä Ä k D A Â AÂ e 8 Pm
Ú 7 e O s
38 Â r e 78 ¹ MDe 7 F
C r Hulett Sandstone Member - Light-gray, fine-grained,
41 QTg Tw  Where direction of younging is known
0 y C o 0
Qal 65 40 Qal Js
A QTg Pm o ^Psg L
A k 74 88 *m1 21 calcareous, glauconitic sandstone interbedded with grayish-green
Ä 78
o
82 82 o 4 I Ä Ä e o 40 o e o N oo 38 o82 e Ä o
C r Ä
ol 38 ;
78 d 59 ÄÄ o E
; Ä Â o A C 40 M claystone. Contains abundant ripple marks
46 o
5 Â 10
S O_d 14 QTg M Ä 5 C 41
Úp 12 o r o
78 85 Â Ä 6 e
r o 85 4 e o  ; 75 " o STRIKE AND DIP OF FOLIATION
o o in 11 Ä 2 4 k 81 41
 300 ; 00 o Â
" g 4 4200 0 0 Ä o Lookou 0 21 A t Ä Ä l o
85 14 o E 81
0 i
 48 9 Ä o Ä 0 8 a Tg 3  Stockade Beaver Shale Member - Tan to light gray-green, 27 Mp P*m5 Q N 8 26 3 r Point I
8 QTg 8 0
53 4 0 8 6 A O_d T L 0 0 . O Ä calcareous, glauconitic, thin-bedded shale, sandstone, and siltstone. 33
t 3
; ko o Pullout u C
12 o t Poi n o 3 48 000m.
4 I
¹ Ä o ¹
Pm 7
ù L *m ; 6 Ä Inclined " 4 Po Ä
MDe AÄ Ä 26 N T
Pm6 0 3 Contains the fossil Pachyteuthis sp. 15 o 3 ¹ 0
87 ; Po 8 QTg
" o 0 9
o ( p 0 N S M o o o 8
AA " 0
Ä af 15 o ; A Ä
*m1 *m3 16 82 Â 0
¹ o Ä 4 A 4 Pullout *m2 6 Ä 0 o M 5 390 Ä8 35
00 B' A 8 Ä 9 Y o
o Ä 34 ^Psg QTg
o E
3 C
385 *m4 o - Tan, gray, and yellow, o Canyon Springs Sandstone Member 6
86 33 o Ä L ¤ o STRIKE AND DIP OF FRACTURES
0 Js
QTg 36 A 9 r A'
o 4
A e 0 Â D o
Mp 6 o 20 medium-grained, crossbedded sandstone. Contains ripple marks e
*m3 32 Ä 31 10 6 ^Ps U
15 QTg k o 35 *m3 11 Ä D
*m1 V A o 11 Ä
13 ; 8 0 o o A 33 Pm6 a o 0 ; 0 4 A 1 Pm 0 Â 3 A A 4 11 Inclined
0 H 9 10 l Disconformity 0 ; 3 l
AAA 23 QTg ig 4 8 18 e 3 o h 0 1 8 l 0 0 o P a 42 0 y
n *m o 0 0 QTg Tw
r d 4 e M
o
a C 4 o 6 000m.
l i re QTg o 37 6 i o
n Tra r e 6 3 o 11 Pm 00 Qal 31 32 E Lower Ä t i k P*m o - Red to maroon shale and siltstone.
5 o ^
48 *m1 e Tr 20 o Psg Spearfish Formation Vertical
a o 13
M O
il o Triassic
25 Mp
o 103° 22' 30" Triassic
k 8 o
l 4200 P*m5 17 af Interbedded brecciated limestone beds up to 2 ft (0.6 m) thick locally near o 7 D 48 E Ä
19 9 Ä
11 QTg o ÄÄ Qal 5 25 ^
0 9 Ps
g Pm6 o the base. Discontinuous gypsum beds (TPsg) up to 3 ft (0.9 m) thick are 0 o 8 o F 6
13 2 QTg T. 5 S.
*m4 4 QTg abundant locally near the top, with small veins and lenses throughout the 65 Multiple
T. 5 S. Elk Mountain 13 Â Ä af ) o 6 Point of observation where symbols join
)Campground 629 30 middle to the top of the formation. Dissolution features are indicated by
*m o
3 *m4 12 T. 6 S.
4400 Po fragments of shale and siltstone silicified in the gypsum. Approximate o  o
T. 6 S. ) QTg A 4 Mp QTg n Qal 3
o 9
5 o
o 0 o thickness 350-400 ft (106.7-121.9 m)
6 3 0 11 *m1 y o 9 QTg ; 12 0 o
P*m5 Pm 0 Upper 20 n KARST FEATURE
o o a
C o 8 Permian
Ä ×
V 4200
Elk Mountain i rie a A C 5
r a 5 o Disconformity
P i n s
A 0 Ä
4200 y 0 o
t
QTg o QTg 2 Ä
a o o 4
o Pm
n o
T 10 o Area of collapse o 13 o
*m1 o
A r l Cicero Peak Mt. Coolidge Butcher Hill
55 A a
164
0 Ä 15 Due to dissolution of underlying beds
a
O 1 o
o O
48 i 9
0 ) o  A l
4 o 0 v
o 16 Minnekahta Limestone - White, pink, and purple, finely crystalline,
24 10 o
4 Â
0 r
A
22 A Â
Â
28 o  4
o
o
o 48
e o
o
80 Ä Pm
o af 24 laminated to thin-bedded limestone. Interbedded with thin layers of shale ; 18o
Wind Cave 6 h  5 o
71 Ä
o
1 W c 5
o
4 s
5 1 i 15 r )
0 n o Ä at the middle and base. Forms prominent dip slopes and cliffs. Contains 0 A Ä 6 Ä d Pm6 o × Ä
 6 e Ö 3
o Breccia pipe or sinkhole
21 Park Headquarters d 800 in 8 K Â o o
Äo 2 80 W 7 F Â minor folds and box folds throughout the formation. Locally petroliferous
23 C 4000 A
*m  a o o Pm6 3
3 ; v Mp o o A odor when broken. Approximate thickness 40-50 ft (12.2-15.2 m)
e  o o
66 Â C H o
4 Â a o Â
; F M af ; Â83 Â Â C nyo B o Ö 6 .
*m4 00 o QTg A o a n Po 29
C 42 15 A ve a o Stream loss zone 0 7 i o o l Ä
74 Ä
t 0 ) y Ä
; t 9 Ö
o Pm o A o A
o 3 o A
n A Disconformity
w Canyon o 4 A
o A 4
o R Ä
Ä
; Detached lands map Ä
; o 0 ¹ ^Ps o
T o o
0 Â Ä
Ao A
d  i Ä A
o  r 20 o
o 3 H 72 Ä d 0 23 o 3
a 26 Â 7 o
0 Ä o Permian
i ) ¹ g
o 4 e
l 000 0 o
*m2 0 Â s 15 Wind Cave
M o 0 OTHER FEATURES 2 e o
12 4 8 Ä o
Ä4 o Â
o
4 × o 19 A A Opeche Shale - Unconsolidated red to maroon shale, mudstone, and
o
A A ¹ QTg
QTg Pm6 o  ÄÄ o 65
Ä
48 4 o 72
o o o
*m o s 6 A Po siltstone having lavender coloring in the upper 5 ft (1.5 m). Erodes easily,
3 Â
23 22 o
o Äo 21 29
5 6 × A
¹ o A Wind Cave
à A o o36 o
12 H
o 1 Cr Po 2 e o o weathering to a fine soil. Poorly exposed on slopes beneath the
H e 13 A Ä o o Ä k M o inset map 1o7 o o
0 H 12 35 17 48
13 0 M 4 o A Artificial fill
o 1 0
Windy Point 4 o o 0 23
o
6 H 11 0
o Minnekahta Limestone. Approximate thickness 80-100 ft (24.4-30.5 m)
o 25 Ä o 14 Compacted earth, indicated only where extensive
*m1 Ä 8
o12 o ; ¹ af
6 o 34 o Pm 3
l 8 o 0 Qa o
20 45 00 o 5 0 o o
20 o o 15
6 o o 10 Boland Ridge
o 4 *m3 385 o 3 )
5 ¤ E 58 4
50 ; o o A A
Ä 8 0
e o
o *m4 o
Ä A a 0 o Lower
oo QTg A
75 1 17 s
o 5 P*m5 15 o
o A Disconformity
5 4 o
o 4300 t A 55 o Pringle o
o o o o o  ¹
o A Ä Permian
5 12 o B P*m5 B Po o 18 o o
o 25 i o
0 A
s A
e 5
o 5 *m i 9 o A A
4 s *m4 8 o o 0
o o o o
7 o
o 2
o 8 A Ä
n Ä 8 o
8 Â Wind Cave passages
4 ^Psg 15 o n o
M o ; Ö 4 o
o A 35 o 3 - Tan, gray, yellow, to red 5 F o A Minnelusa Formation (unit 6) ¹ 21 6 A s
o 10 AA Showing mapped subsurface extent in Pahasapa
o A l o A a 15 o ¹
Mp *m o QTg 3 6 Pm6 brecciated sandstone interbedded with thin beds of mostly brecciated
1 t o 5 ^Ps 8 29 A Limestone
o o A
25 s 0
5 Ä
o o 0 South Dakota
o o Â
10 Pm6 7 5 Ä
T s o o QTg 8 o
1 12 o 1 o limestone, discontinuous thin layers of anhydrite, and thin beds of
o 10
10 r o o ^Psg
40 o a A
32 o 12 o ¹ i *m  o
o 3
l unbrecciated sandstone, all poorly exposed. Limestone contains o ; QTg
M 17 o 32 A
5 o o
o o
4 O
43° 32' 30" o
A
Ä 2 Pm
o A
48 *m 0 Qal s 8 o ^P A Â 1 o 0 s o
0 o brachiopods.Top of unit contains bright-red interbedded shale and Mine adit or cave
0 o 0 o
*m 43 F o 1 0 Â 7 0 o 22 0 Ä A
25  o 31 3 Buffalo Gap o 3 o l  o Ä o Minnekahta NE
Fossil 4 17 a 26 0 A Hot Springs o o
t o
s o 90 A Â 48 A sandstone. Sandstone beds form prominent resistant benches.
20 2 3 Â o 6 o o
22 P*m A e 14 5 A Pm6
0 o 22 o o Pm A
o
o o
0 Ä Ridge Ä Ä 17 o ; 6
o 20 12
o 1 6 Approximate thickness 110-130 ft (33.5-39.6 m) s ¹ Ä o
Ä o
C 4200 4 o Ç 29 o
o o 28 Ã Ä
o ld o 4 00 Index map displaying locations of U.S. Geological Survey
5 35 1 o 41 o o e
16 12o 8 Prospect pit
B Pm6 Tw 0 A 13 ÄÄ A Wind Cave National Park Location o
k r  o 6
o o o  A
ro o 10 o o
B o
k 7.5 minute quadrangles, inset map, and detached lands map o
C d e l o Â
o C 4 A A o Ä
o
A Ä
a 21 o
n ra 12 o A A
y i  Disconformity
on T l A o ¹
o
o o Ç ¹ o o
o o
A Â 4 85 A
o
o af ÂÂ 8 Â o Â
× QTg o o A o o 16
QTg ¹ 20
Pullout 22 o Gravel pit
o o 8
e ¹
8 o o o o
S
A o
 o
Ä
Ä
11 o Ä
*m Â
*m Mp 3 s - Bright-red, yellow, light-tan, to
o Minnelusa Formation (unit 5)
1 QTg 0 Ä
*m 74 Ä
1 o 0
o
5 o o o 4 Ä
8 o ¹
o Po 0 A *
4o A 0 6 ^Ps 3 Ä o P m5
o
Ä 5 o gray, fine- to coarse-grained sandstone with light-blue-gray chert nodules
2 0 o 18 o ¹
o A a o 0 10 Ä
Ä
16 Qal 0 o
9 Ä 12 o Ä
¹ o
5 o o o O
A s s  ×
o near base. Upper portion is a red to light-red breccia with a carbonate
o 4 A 4 o o
B o 15 o
o 3 0 1 o 0 o10Ö 8 0 0
0 42 0
16 6 o
4 o matrix. A dark-red sandstone separates the lower and upper portions.
Pm 25 o
6 6 Ä
o Ä 48 o 11
C
10 o A
o
A 12 o F o
21 o o o o
4 ^Psg Approximate thickness 80-100 ft (24.4-30.5 m)
a 5 ×
M *m Pullo QTg o M Ä
o ut o 14 o A 4 A
A Ä
1 × ^Ps 48 Ao
o
n o
0 o o o P*m
Limestone S o 5 pring Â
o 21
0 A A
20 Â Pm 17 o Â
y
8 ) Ä o
H
1 6 o Ä Ä o 5
o
A Ä o Ä o
o Ä
0 o
o o o
6 o af Tw
o 0 o 27 o n
o
o
o A
9 23 A 21 H A Disconformity
o
o 13 o *m o
3
3 Â o o o
A o o o
 o
40 25 A 10 A Â o
o 16 A
e
s 6 10 o
1 2 18 o 3 12 Â 5 5 A o
A 7 o A
Qal o
7 Â Ö o
af 14 H
Ö
*m3 12 7 A o Â
g 13 o A 15 QT o 15 10 5 o
o 23 4 13 o o A
o 00 A
4 0 s
Â
0 Ä
2 A o o
0 Â Minnelusa Formation (unit 4) - Brownish-yellow to tan dolomite
0 o
7 0 o
Pm6 7 Ä o Â
*m 1 7 e
4 o
12 o A o 3
QTg Pullout 4 ^Ps o 7 ^Psg *
0 o o 0 o m4
o interbedded with sandstone and laminated limestone. Dolomitic beds may
0 73 G 0 o
0 o
10 0
8 ¹ o
2 Pm6 o A o
QTg Ä
10 0 Ä o
4 b o o
o Ä o o
8 o b o
o A o 13 4 o Ä
A o l
A 85 Â e oo 11 A contain manganese dendrites. Weathers into colluvial slopes.
o F 12 Ä r o Ä
5 o Ä
Ä
Â Ä o 13 o
o A o o
o
4 1 o Ä Ä 8 o
30 o0 o 10 A Approximate thickness 60-80 ft (18.3-24.4 m)
0 25 o o
o o
A o
18 19 o ¹
o
10 o
o  8 o
o o 16 20 Ö 15 Â
5 4 G 6
M 2
o
Ä
5 o
o A Ä
o
0 o
o o
20 QTg Ä
b o Ä
o 20 8
0 10 ¹ Ä
o
o o
b Po o
Ä Disconformity 48 o Ä
o o
o
o 6 A A
l A Ä
 e 12 Ä
20 QTg o 12 30 o o
17 r o
o 14 Ä
;
o
o ;
4 o o
1 4 o Ä
o Ä 0 48 o
Ä
0 11 o Ä
o
o o
o QT 14 o g 65 Â
55 o 20 o o
H o Ä
6 o
o 10 Pm Upper 6 o
Gobbler o o Ö
12 o A A Ä ; o
17 Ä Ä
o
o
12 Ä 8 F o A
9 6 6 Â Ä
o Pass o o Pennsylvanian Minnelusa Formation (unit 3) - Brownish-yellow to tan, locally o
26 27 o Pennsylvanian
8 o H 6
M Â
6 6 Â o o o
385 × o F ¹ *
Â×
20 21 M o o 3 o
21 ¤ 15 o AA m silicified sandstone interbedded with shale. Poorly exposed, except
4 87
F o
( Â
1 o
78 Ao Â
11 4
Ä
0 Ä
Ä A o o Ä Ä o
1 for silicified sandstone interbedded with shale. Weathers into colluvial
P*m5 0 23 Ä 24 5 A
0 Ä
o A o  19 Ä
4 A
o o
o
8 8 o 0
0 o Ä
17 o R 0 Ä
o 8 o Ä o o
Ä Ä 3 Ä
Ä 8 id C o ^Ps ÄÄA Ä o slopes. Top of unit may contain a brownish-yellow to light-gray, sandy
o 2 o g a o80 o A
Ä
× o  A
8 e 4 o 10 o Ä A e
o n
o Ä
0 y limestone. Approximate thickness 100-120 ft (30.5-36.6 m) × Ä 0 Ä
6 o o ÄÄ ÄÄ
6 0 ) o Ä
22 23 n Ä
Ä
s A
103° 30' A o ) Ä
Äo
o
o o Minnelusa Formation (unit 2) - Yellowish-gray to light-gray, thin- o
o Ä
o
3900 o A o
19 Ä *m2 bedded limestone. Contains distinctive red and white chert nodules,
o
¹ ^Psg A o
o A
48 13 Â 8 19 especially near the top. Limestone beds are up to 2 ft (0.6 m) thick and o o o s
19 o 48 Ä
o 19
¹ o A interbedded with sandstone and shale layers up to 0.5 ft (0.2 m) thick. o
11 o AÄÄ
Ä
oo
6 ÄÄ
o 25 Poorly exposed. Approximate thickness is 40-60 ft (12.2-18.3 m)
24 o
o
o
 o ¹ A
o Ä
o  Ä
R. 5 E. Â o A 6
QTg o9 F 26 o 21 Ä
6 6 6 11o Ä
17 18 19 QTg o o Minnelusa Formation (unit 1) - Tan or red, medium- to coarse-
¹ o Js o
o
o *
o 1 o m
0 grained, cross-bedded, basal sandstone. Overlain by tan or red, fine-
0 o
Â
o o 8 o
3 o Ä A o
 o grained, upper siltstone which is compensatory in thickness with the basal 6 o
¹ o 26
QTg A sandstone. Poorly exposed and weathers into colluvial slopes.
o o
 Â
o
o Approximate thickness is 25-90 ft (7.6-27.4 m)
29 28 o o
o
o A o o o
Äo Xmgw Ä
o o
Ao
48 o 48 o Disconformity Ä
o Â
AÂ
18 Ä
¹ 18
Â Ä Ä A o
o A
Qal A e
Â
Ä A o o o
Ä 3 Ä 0
e
oo o o
87 o
( A o Pahasapa Limestone - Gray to light-tan, cavernous limestone and Ä o Ä
o ÄÄ o Ä
62"64 Â o Mp
QTg  dolomitic limestone. Massive limestone with sparse chert nodules
 385 Ä o " o
¤ o  48 o
o o Ä Ä
26 Â o
48 o Qcg in the upper portion; thin- to medium-bedded, dolomitic, sandy limestone
46 Xmgq 26 A o 00 T. 5 S. o oÄÄ Â Ä Â o
63 Ä Ä in the lower portion. Forms prominent cliffs. Disconformity between the
" Â
¹40 ¹ 6 Ä A
25 Ä Pahasapa Limestone and the overlying Minnelusa Formation (unit 1) is a
o
o¹ AÄ o Lower
" Ä
A Ä
A Ä
60 " o
85 75 o Mississippian paleokarst surface containing terra rosa-filled sinkholes and breccia pipes. o Mississippian
¹ o
o
47 Ä
30 A o Â
Cold Spring 85 27' 30" o ÄÄ Contains abundant tabulate corals, spiriferid brachiopods, burrows, sparse 4600 Ä A o Ä
Xmgw o Ä
33 o Ä o gastropods and rugose corals. Approximate thickness
o
32 o
A o
o Ä
4700 A Â o 275-375 ft (83.8-114.3 m) o o
Mp R. 5 E. R. 6 E. A Ä o
O_d MDe o Ä A o A A A o o
AAA o Englewood Limestone - Lavender, mauve to pink, interbedded
MDe limestone, dolomitic limestone, and purple-gray shale. Laminated to o o
48 000m.
25 N e
48 o
o Upper medium-bedded. Finely to medium crystalline with some coarse-grained
25 o
o
o Devonian o o
o o Devonian
6 6 o crinoidal beds. Bioturbated; contains sparse rugose corals, spiriferid
617000m.E 18 19 o o
Ä o Wind Cave inset map at a scale of 1:12,000. brachiopods, and crinoid columnals. Thickness 35-50 ft (10.7-15.2 m) Ä Ä Ä
o
Wind Cave National Park detached lands map o o Map base and geology are 20% lighter to display cave passages.
o Disconformity
o
o o
1 o A
Albion College, Albion, Michigan o Digital cartography by Wesley P. Christensen and Brian A. Fagnan Ordovician Lower Ordovician
o Deadwood Formation - Reddish-brown, basal conglomeratic sand-
o o _ Ä o O d stone and local conglomerate; middle glauconitic sandstone, siltstone, and
A Middle to shale; upper coarse-grained sandstone having nodular weathering. Lami-
Field assisted by Darren W. Dyk and Jacob A. Tielke A o
o Ä
o
Ä
o Cambrian
o Upper Cambrian nated to thick-bedded. Contains trilobite and inarticulate brachiopod frag- o
o
AA o
Ä ments. Approximate thickness 65-75 ft (19.8-22.9 m)
o Â
o
 o A
o
o o o
Map base modified from U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,000-scale Boland Ridge, Buffalo Gap NORTH Ä Ä Unconformity  SCALE 1o :24,000
Butcher Hill, Hot Springs, Mt. Coolidge, Pringle, and Wind Cave digital line graphs. ^ A Selected References Äo
Â
Projection is Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 13 N. o
GN MN
o A o  A Datum is 1983 North American. 1 0.5  0  1 Xh Harney Peak Granite - Sills and dikes of predominantly coarse-grained
o A Bayley, R.W., 1972, Preliminary geologic map of the Nemo district, Black Hills, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous
UTM grid information generated from the Arcmap layout grid function. A Mile to pegmatitic, tan to pink S-type granite. Age 1,715 Ma ± 3 Ma
Geologic Investigations Map I-712o , scale 1:24,000. (Redden et al, 1990)
o
8 22' A o
o
o
1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 o o
o
o Ä o Fagnan, B.A., 2002, Correlation of surface geology with subsurface geology and karst development at Jewel Cave National Monument,
The Geological Survey Program, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, engages 148 MILS Â o 1 10' o Feet
Ä Unnamed formation Xq (Redden and DeWitt, 2008) Possibly o
o A Custer County, South Dakota: Rapid City, S. Dak., South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, M.S. thesis, 143 p.
in an ongoing data collection and interpretation process. An outcome of that process is to o  Ä
Ä o
o
o 21 MILS o equivalant to Buck Mountain Quartzite of Bayley (1972). Here subdivided o
reflect those interpretations on maps such as this one. Reasonable efforts have been made to o
o
o
Ä o A into the following units:
o o 1 0.5 o 0 A 1
o Ä 2009, Geologic map of the Jeweol Cave quadrangle, South Dakota: South Dakota Geological Survey 7.5 minute series o
o o ensure that this map accurately reflects the source data used in its preparation. This map is o
o
o Ä o Kilometer Ä
o Geologic Quadrangle Map 9, scale 1:24,000. o
date specific. As additional data become available, geologic interpretations may be revised and o
o
o o o
o o
o
the map may be updated by the Geological Survey. This map should not be enlarged or o Ä Micaceous metagraywacke unit - Muscovite schist to Ä A o Xmgq
e
o oo
o o APRIL 13, 2011, MAGNETIC NORTH
o Redden, J.A., and DeWitt, E., 2008, Maps showing geology, structure, and geophysics of the central Black Hills, South Dakota: U.S. quartz-mica schist. Brown, grayish-brown to gray. Laminated to o
otherwise used in an attempt to interpret more detail than can be seen at a scale of 1:24,000. o o DECLINATION AT CENTER OF SHEET Contour Interval 20 Feet
o Xmgw
e
o o Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2777, scale 1:100,000. thin-bedded. Xmgq - Quartzite, reddish-brown to gray. Thin-
o o A(40 feet for Mt. Coolidge quadrangle)
o o
o o o o
o bedded to massive, fine- to medium-grained, micaceous. A o o
o o Reddeo n, J.A., Peterman, Z.E., Zartman, R.E., and DeWitt, E., 1990, U-Th-Pb geochronology and preliminary interpretaion of massive bed up to 30 ft (9.1 m) thick occurs at the top of the unit
o A
o Precambrian tectonic events in the Black Hills, South Dakota: in Lewry, J.F., and Stauffer, M.R., eds., The Early Proterozoic
oo o o
o Trans-Hudson Orogen of North America: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 37, p. 229-251. o
o Cold Spring Creek quartzite unit - Interbedded quartz-
o Ä
o o
o
o A Xcs ite and micaceous schist. Some quartzite layers near base are
o o
o o
Ä Wolcott, D.E., 1967, Geology of the Hot Springs quadrangle, Fall River and Custer Counties, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey biotite-bearing, upper quartzite layers are typically pure.
o
o
Ä o A o e
o Bulletin 1063-K, p. 427-442, scale 1:24,000. o
Ä o o
Ä Ä Includes sections of thick-bedded quartzite without interbedded
o
Ä o o e Ä schist, resulting in cliff- and ridge-forming quartzite intervals up o A
A to 40 ft (12.2 m) thick. Interbedded schists include laminated
o o o o o o o A o microcline-biotite schist, muscovite-biotite schist, and garnet-
 E
o
o N
I muscovite-biotite-quartz schist A e L
 C
o o
Ä o A O o
o E N
Ä o o
N
A o O n
I o o o o
o Reaves Gulch schist unit - Biotite schist and thick- to o
L
o M
y o
C
k P
I
n Xrg thin-bedded impure quartzite and biotite quartzite interbedded
o o
e o
a
T o A
e o
o e
C
N
r
G
g
o o
A with thin-bedded to laminated biotite-quartz schist, plagioclase- Ao
d
y A
C e
i
o o k
o A
O
e
A n A'
l
Y
e
d
R
l
L
o biotite-quartz schist, and muscovite-biotite-quartz schist. Also
o
o e
n
t
E
a
A Lower n o r o
i o
a s 6,000 o
L
o V
l Ä
F 6,000
k C
e o contains minor thick quartzite beds, intervals of uniform,
l o Precambrian
h
D
F A l
d o o Proterozoic n o
o o o o y e o
g
m A
A e
e U
i U a o r i
e
v A o v muscovite-biotite-rich schist, and minor garnet-rich layers which L
R D B
H
R D
e
e
l o l
a A contain up to 3 percent manganese. Contains abundant a
o o o QTg Qal MDe O_d MDe MDe MDe Mp Qal *m1-2 Qal QTg *m3 *m4 QTg P*m5 QTg Qal Pm Qal Pm6 Qal Qo Tg Po Pm Qal QTg QTg Qal ^Psg QTg ^Psg Tw Po Qal Qal
e 6
A e
s o o 5,000 5,000 s
amphibolite layers outside of Wind Cave National Park
n o e
n
a o
Xh o a
e
o e o
AA A o o
m o  o
m
Ä o
o
o Xh  o
o
Ä e Ä
Xrr o o e Rankin Ridge quartzite unit - Quartzite and siliceous v Xh Ä Ä
o o v
Xh o Mp o o
o 4,000
Xrr o 4,000 o
o o
o ? o Xrr
b schist. Thick-bedded, clean quartzite and minor biotite quartzite
Xrr *m1-2 b
a o
a
o o Pm
t Js o ^Ps
MDe t interbedded with poorly exposed, fine-grained quartzite with
e
o e o o
o  o ^Ps e O_d
Xh e
f o ? o f Ä
Xh muscovite partings, fine-grained muscovite-quartz schist, fine- o
o *m1-2 o Ä
n
Xst n
i
i o o 3,000 o
3,000
n o grained biotite-quartz schist, and thin coarse-grained sillimanite- n
Xh A o o o Mp
o i Xst o o i t $
MDe t biotite-quartz schist. Includes thick-bedded quartzite without
a Xst
Xu o Xu a
v
Xh o O_d v
e
e
l Xu interbedded schist, forming cliffs and ridges of quartzite intervals l
o
E o Ä Ä E
2,000 Ä o Â Ä 2,000 o up to 70 ft (21.3 m) thick. Some quartzite beds are graded ÄÄ o o o o o allowing determination of tops l i
n n a
r k
o o
5 Sanctuary Trail schist unit - Schist, plagioclase-quartz T
y
y e
8 l
l
n
n e
k
3 r e
e Xst a a o
gneiss and granofels, and quartzite. Coarse-grained muscovite- e
v
v
C y e
C
C
e Acknowledgements
e
r
l a
l d
sillimanite-microcline-biotite-quartz schist containing less than 50 k g
C o
w o a
a o
o
h o e d
e o D
g percent quartz is abundant in lower section but occurs through- r o s
s
n
i w
o
B e
a n o n
i H
l
n
r o
a out the unit. Characteristic thin-bedded, muscovite-biotite-plagio-
i .
h d
a Unpublished field maps were generously made available for completion of the project by Jack A. Redden (South Dakota School of
t
l t e a g
e S
i o o
r . o A
B' m clase-quartz gneiss and granofels, with and without microcline,
m B H C Mines and Technology) and Mark D. Fahrenbach (Geological Survey Program, South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural P
U C
o e
e v v 5,000 5,000 Resources). The authors thank Rodney D. Horrocks (Wind Cave National Park) for facilitating the mapping project on National Park are abundant in the upper part of the unit. Biotite- and feldspar- o o *m1-2 QTg Qal QTg Qal *m1-2 *m3 Qal QTg *m4 P*m5 QTg Qal *m3 *m1-2 Qal *m4 QTg Qal P*m5 QTg Qal QTg Qal Pmo6 b b bearing quartzite and pure quartzite occur throughout, but are a Service property, obtaining grants for seasonal help, and recognizing geologic structure in subsurface cave passages for validation of a
t
t e e surface geologic interpretations. The work of Beth and Timothy Lincoln was supported by grants from the Hewlett-Mellon Fund for more abundant near the top e
e f
f
Mp n
n Faculty Development at Albion College, Albion, Michigan, and by the National Park Service. The Geological Survey Program also i i 4,000 4,000
n n Mp
Mp o thanks Joseph and Ginny Jackl for accommodating our lodging needs for three field seasons.
o i
i t t O_d MDe Undifferentiated Lower Proterozoic rocks - Shown only in a a Known passages of
Xu v
v
& e Xu e Xu O_d cross section l $ l Wind Cave Xu O_d MDe E E 3,000 3,000