Increasing of Special Physical Fitness of the Female Athletes Practicing Sambo

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Increasing of special physical fitness of the female athletes practicing sambo Authors’ Contribution: Aleksander Yurievich Osipov1,2ABCDE, Mikhail Dmitrievich Kudryavtsev1,3ABCDE, A Study Design 4ABCDE 5ABCDE 6ACDE B Data Collection Władysław Jagiełło , Sergii Sidorovich Iermakov , Wiesław Błach C Statistical Analysis D Manuscript Preparation 1 Department of Physical Education, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia E Funds Collection 2 Department of Physical Education, Prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 3 Reshetnev Siberian State University Science and Technology, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 4 Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sports, Gdansk, Poland 5 Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russia 6 University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland Received: 13 January 2020; Accepted: 17 February 2020; Published online: 28 February 2020 AoBID: 13299 Abstract Background and Study Aim: A high level of special physical fitness is necessary achieving high results in combat sports (martial arts). The purpose of the study is knowledge about effective methods increasing the level of special physical fitness of the junior female practicing sambo. Material and Methods: The participants 17-18 years old female (n = 21) practicing sambo for more than 4 years. The study period had been conducted for 32 weeks. Various methods of level increase of athletes’ functional fitness were used. The group A (n = 11) had used randori (sparring) and throws at a fast pace. The group B had used the functional training andrandori . The physical fitness indicators of the female athletes to assess: Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT), lactate concentration in the blood, test with execution of 30 ippon-seoi-nage (throw) analysis of competitive results. Results: The female athletes from the group B had showed significant (p<0.05) superiority of SJFT results. The level of lactate concentration in the blood was significantly (p<0.05) lower after SJFT among the female of the group B. The test with execution of 30 ippon-seoi-nage had not revealed significant differences of the re- covery parameters among the female. The competitive results of the female of the group B were significantly (p<0.01) higher. Conclusions: The presented training practice methodology allows increasing the level of special physical fitness of the female athletes significantly without apparent increase of the training loads amount. Keywords: crossfit • interval training • randori • throws • training loads Copyright: © 2020, the Authors. Published by Archives of Budo Conflict of interest: Authors have declared that no competing interest exists Ethical approval: The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee Provenance & peer review: Not commissioned; externally peer-reviewed Source of support: Departmental sources Author’s address: Władysław Jagiełło, Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education and Sports, K. Gorskiego Str.1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] © ARCHIVES OF BUDO | SCIENCE OF MARTIAL ARTS 2020 | VOLUME 16 | 53 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. Original Article INTRODUCTION Sambo – is a Russian martial training volume for the female athletes is about art and combat sport. The word “SAMBO” is an Sambo wrestling is a dynamic and popular type of 14-15 hours a week. The female athletes of some acronym for SAMozashchita martial arts [1] – relations between martial arts countries of the European Union have 14-15.5 Bez Oruzhiya, which literally translates as “self-defence and combat sports see in glossary. Sambo is char- hours weekly training time. However, European without weapons”. Sambo acterized by grips of arms and legs, throws (tachi- female athletes have significantly more competi- is relatively modern since its development began waza), deductions and painful techniques of the tive practice [13]. It can be assumed that a signif- in the early 1920s by the limbs. The success of sambo practice depends icant amount of competitive practice effects on Soviet Red Army to improve their hand-to-hand combat on the technical skills and tactical training of the level of special physical fitness of the female abilities. It was intended the athletes with high level physical fitness [2]. athletes positively. The analysis of the structure to be a merger of the most effective techniques of The experts emphasize that achieving competi- of the training process in sambo shows that the other martial arts. The tive success is possible only with optimal physical trainers devote a significant number of hours to pioneers of Sambo were Viktor Spiridonov and Vasili training of the athletes in sambo [3]. An impor- the process of physical training of the sambo Oshchepkov. Oshchepkov tant component of the sambo athletes’ physical wrestlers [14]. In the total amount of training died in prison as a result of the Great Purge after being fitness is the level of special physical (functional) practice, the physical training of the junior ath- accused of being a Japanese fitness of the athletes [4]. An increase in the level letes takes 45-50% in sambo [1]. In sambo and spy. Oshchepkov spent several years living in Japan of competitions the scientific interest of special- judo practice, the various methods are used to and training in judo under its ists increasing the level of special physical fitness increase the level of functional fitness of the founder Jigoro Kano [37]. of the wrestlers (combat sports athletes) in com- athletes in Russia. Scientists point out that many Special Judo Fitness Test – petitive matches [5]. Experts note that in recent trainers use their own training programs without test used to diagnose specific years, an influx of the young girls has been iden- taking into account the latest scientific recom- physical fitness in judo, structurally very similar to tified in judo and sambo schools in Russia [6]. mendations of some specialists [15]. the structure of judo actions Modern trends in the development of martial [26, 27]. arts (sambo and judo) are expressed by a volume Experts recommend the use of simulation match Randori – sparring in judo (for a critique of the term ‘volume’ see glossary) – randori practice in the process of increas- in which both participants increase and intensity of training and competitive ing the level of special physical fitness of mar- practice attacking and defending [38]. loads [7]. An increase in the volume of training tial artists [16]. In the pre-competitive period of loads shows the strict requirements of the level training the athletes, scientists suggest usingran - Technique – noun a way of performing an action [39]. of special physical fitness of the female practicing dori in 40-60 minutes for at least 4 sessions per martial arts [8]. The scientists point out the lack of week [17]. In martial arts imitation of competitive Endurance – noun the ability scientific data of studies of functional prepared- matches is widely used as an alternative protocol or power to bear prolonged exertion, pain or hardship ness level of the girls and women practicing mar- for studying the limit of the ability of the cardio- endurance athlete [39]. tial arts in particular sambo and judo [9]. Similar respiratory system of the athletes [18]. However, scientific problems were identified by the Russian experts indicate that a mechanical increase of Endurance training – noun exercises designed to increase specialists. An analysis of the publications of the randori time does not guarantee a high level of an athlete’s level of aerobic Russian scientists showed that the most of the readiness for competitive matches [19]. fitness [39]. studies are dedicated to the male athletes [10]. Physical conditioning – noun In the practice of martial arts, high intensive same as conditioningnoun the work or programme used to It is known that martial arts applying in practice interval training (HIIT) is used to increase the bring somebody or something the grab of the clothing have common techni- level of athletes’ functional fitness [20]. In the to a good physical state [39]. cal foundations [11]. Specialists point out that scientific date the most part of HIIT protocols Training session – noun the training process in sambo has a similar struc- are presented for the elite male athletes [21]. In a period of time during which ture to the training of athletes in judo [2]. In the the Russian Federation, intensive interval train- an athlete trains, either alone, with a trainer or with their Russian Federation and the Commonwealth of ing is mainly used by the athletes practicing team [39]. Independent States countries, the athletes prac- mixed martial arts [22] and judo [23]. In sambo Circuit training – noun a form ticing sambo have significant practice in the practice, the impact of HIIT protocols of the spe- of sports training that involves competitive judo performances. Many trainers cial physical fitness level of the female athletes performing different exercises in rotation [39]. use similar techniques for the functional train- is studied insufficient. ing of sambo

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