Situation Overview: Greater Bahr el Ghazal, South July - September 2018

Introduction. Map 1: REACH assessment coverage of the GBeG region, July (A), August (B) and September 2018 (C) C Continued conflict, displacement and A B environmental shocks negatively impacted access to food and restricted the ability for communities to meet basic needs in Greater Bahr el Ghazal (GBeG) between July and September 2018. Waves of displacement 0 - 4.9% in (WBeG) and 5 - 10% flooding in (NBeG), 11 - 20% WBeG and Greater area1 (GTA) 21 - 50% threatened overall food security in the region. 51 - 100% Assessed settlement dynamics across the GBeG region from July in WBeG and NBeG states reporting the REACH has been assessing hard-to-reach to September 2018. The first section analyses presence of IDPs increased during the areas in WBeG since April 2017, NBeG since 742 settlements in 11 counties in the GBeG displacement and population movement and assessment period, whereas GTA saw a March 2018 and GTA since January 2018. region. To ensure an up to date understanding the second section focuses on access to food decrease in assessed settlements reporting The data was collected through key informant of current displacement dynamics and and basic services for both internally displaced IDPs living in the community, from 60% interviews on a monthly basis from settlements humanitarian conditions in settlements across WBeG State, NBeG State and GTA, REACH persons (IDPs) and local populations in Figure 1: Proportion of assessed settlements in , Wau, and Raja counties in WBeG assessed settlements in the GBeG region. interviewed KIs who were either new arrivals reporting IDPs present in settlements, State; Aweil North, East, South, Centre and WBeG and GTA (Sept 2018), NBeG (Aug 2018) West counties in NBeG State; and Tonj North, or in contact with an individual from the Population Movement and assessed settlement within the last month. South and East counties in State. Displacement In the third quarter of 2018, REACH To triangulate the findings, REACH Ongoing conflict, food insecurity and interviewed 1,009 key informants (KIs) across conducted 5 Focus Group Discussions environmental shocks triggered population (FGDs): 2 Food Security and Livelihoods

# of key informant interviews59+29+12 conducted: 1,009 movement and displacement in the GBeG WBeG 599 (FSL) FGDs and 3 Gaps Analysis FGDs. region between July and September 2018. An Throughout the quarter, 5 key informants NBeG 292 escalation of inter-communal violence in GTA from humanitarian organisations were also GTA 118 and continued insecurity in Wau and Jur River consulted. The findings were additionally counties in WBeG State resulted in waves of # of assessed settlements covered: 742 47+37+15+ supplemented with secondary data and past forced displacement. Meanwhile, flooding and WBeG 352 REACH assessments of hard-to-reach areas. seasonal decreases in access to food in NBeG NBeG 278 This situation overview evaluates changes State caused migration to urban centres. GTA 112 : in humanitarian needs and displacement The proportion of assessed settlements

1. Tonj North, Tonj South and Tonj East counties Map 2: Displacement and flooding in Greater Bahr el METHODOLOGY Ghazal, July-September 2018 To provide an overview of the situation in hard-to- isaceent due to ac of access to reach areas of Western Bahr el Ghazal (WBeG) resources, uu 1 State, Northern Bahr el Ghazal (NBeG) State, and the Greater Tonj area in Warrap State, REACH used isaceent due to insecurit Timsaha primary data provided by key informants who have ain road Malual recently arrived, or receive regular information, from Sa toich Aweil North a location or “Area of Knowledge” (AoK). WESTERN BAHR Go-Machar ine Aoc Mayen E GHAA STATE Warawar East Abun Information for this report was collected from key Nyamlel ount ine oodin Wanyjo Wunro informants in the Wau PoC site, the five collective Aweil West Mayom Totin WARRAP Aweil State caita Raja Gossinga centers in Wau town, Aweil town, and through remote Aroyo Ale STATE MaleAlel Minamba phone calling to key informants in Warrap State in Raja iet- Tonj North ount caita Boro Medina Aweil Centre Nhom July, August and September 2018. Dolo Aop Mangayat Bar Mayen uajo NRTHERN BAHR Mashara Setteent Chandioy In-depth interviews were conducted with selected E GHAA STATE Warrap Sopo Marial-ou participants using a standardised survey tool Romich comprising questions on displacement trends, horr Ghana Besellia Tonj uru abulu Wau Wunlit Deim ubier Masna East population needs, and access to basic services. cited in June to 43% in September (Figure 1). Mboro Ago Thiet Faragullah Bagarri uarjina After data collection was completed, all data was Displacement from the Greater Baggari area, Wadhalel Gedi Tonj examined at the settlement level, and settlements , WBeG State Wau Mapel were assigned the modal response. When KIs Bazia JurRiver reporting on the same settlement reported differing Insecurity in the Greater Bagarri area of Wau County, WBeG State was ongoing through Tonj answers for an indicator and there was no consensus South across the majority of KIs, then the responses were July and August and reignited at the end of deleted to maintain data quality and reported as no September, causing forced displacement to

42 consesus (NC). When KIs reported not knowing an remote areas southwest of Wau Town (Maps 2 answer or preferring not to answer, this was also and 3).2 The proportion of assessed settlements 17 + to the area until early September, leaving an two counties between which Aweil Town sits, reported as NC. Data was analysed using descriptive in Wau County reporting the presence of IDPs 15

+ estimated 20,000 individuals without access to had the largest proportions of assessed statistics and geospatial analysis. more than doubled from 21% in July to 47% in food or essential services.3 settlements reporting IDPs living in the local 14 + September, with 77% of assessed settlements Due to operational constraints that can impact communities at 67% and 61%, respectively, in in Wau County reporting the IDPs were either Displacement in NBeG State coverage each month, some of the reported changes August. A key informant from a humanitarian in this overview may be due to the variations in from within Wau County or from neighbouring In NBeG, there was a considerable increase in organisation in Aweil Town reported there has coverage. Jur River County, which was also affected by the insecurity. The proportion of assessed the proportion of assessed settlements reporting been an increase in seasonal distress migration Data reflects findings from July to September 2018 4 settlements reporting local community members the presence of IDPs in July and August. during the 2018 lean season from years for WBeG State and Greater Tonj Area, with the were living in another person’s home within the During the lean season, from June-August, past given the heightening food insecurity. exception of Tonj North County, which is not covered community also increased from 4% in July to 20% HHs in rural areas with limited access to food or reported in the July data presented in this overview. Displacement in Raja County, WBeG State in August, reflective of increased displacement seasonally migrate to urban centres like Aweil Data reflects findings from July and August 2018 in from shelters within settlements due to conflict. Town in search of casual labour and resources.5 Raja County, WBeG State also saw a spike NBeG State. The insecurity restricted humanitarian access Aweil Centre and Aweil West counties, the in reported displacement during the quarter;

2. OCHA, : Humanitarian Dashboard, September 2018 4. In NBeG, KIs reported any influx of individuals to a settlement as ‘IDPs’ 3. OCHA, South Sudan: Humanitarian Access Severity Overview, September 2018 5. Reported in an interview with a key informant humanitarian partner 2 Map 3: Displacement and cultivation in the Greater Bagarri area, June-September 2018 Regional Displacement due to Flooding In September 2018, 71% of assessed

Wau-Raja Road settlements in WBeG State reported not Heavy rains and subsequent flooding across Besselia having adequate access to food, consistent the GBeG region also reportedly displaced with the June figure (77%). With the ongoing IDPs from horr populations between July and September. The Ghana conflict and displacement in the Greater Wau flooding primarily affected northwestern NBeG Mboro Bagarri area and Jur River County preventing Bringi Wathelelo State and northern Raja County. In Aweil North

Jur River Wau County a full harvest as well as the compounded Ngisa County, where it rained 51mm more than the Bagarri effects of multiple missed harvests and Atal long-term mean (LTM) in the first dekad of Farajallah Ngodaalla August,6 19% of assessed settlements cited perceived insecurity in Raja County, WBeG do State food security remained acute state-wide. isaceent fooin Jur River that flooding had caused people to leave their confict in ri 1 County Gedi homes in August. Spells of heavy rains in Armed clashes in the Greater Bagarri area isaceent routes since confict in une 1 GTA also caused flooding. In Tonj North, 39% reportedly destroyed the majority of crops on eavi cutivated area in reater of assessed settlements reported HHs had the most heavily cultivated land in the area aari destroed fro confict ess cutivated area of reater to leave their homes due to the flooding in between June and August (dark green area aari September. on Map 3).8 In September, 26% of assessed Namutina River rea of insecurit settlements in Wau County reported it reater aari subarea Situation in Assessed was unsafe to access land for cultivation iver Settlements in September and consequently only 16% ount ine Bazia reported that most people in the community ain road Food Security and Livelihoods (FSL) sourced their food from cultivation, which is Secondar road seasonally low given September is traditionally Setteent With the onset of the lean season in June, food security continued to be strained between July harvest season for the western groundnuts, 3% of assessed settlements reported the In August and September, escalations in 9 and September 2018 in the GBeG region. While sesame and sorghum livelihood zone. presence of IDPs in July, increasing to 38% insecurity between armed youth groups in reported access to food decreased in assessed in September. Ninety-one percent (91%) the GTA led to reported displacement in Tonj Map 4: Proportion of assessed settlements settlements in NBeG State over the quarter, it reporting hunger as severe or the worst it could of assessed settlements in Raja County North and East counties. These clashes follow reportedly remained consistent in WBeG State be, August 2018 reported half or less of the host community several months of similar outbreaks of violence and showed signs of some improvement in GTA remained in the settlement. Given that there in the area. Twenty-five percent (25%) of the with the short-maturing crop harvest. However, was no reported active conflict during the assessed settlements in Tonj East with IDPs despite the seasonal increase in access to quarter, this is likely a consequence of the reported that most IDPs had arrived within food from the harvest by the end of the quarter rising food insecurity in the county. FGD the last three months and 52% in Tonj North in some areas, the FSL situation remained participants from Raja County reported HHs reported IDPs had arrived within the last 6 critical overall. The September Integrated Food had turned to distress migration in search of Security Phase Classification (IPC) suggested 0% months. Despite these episodes of fighting, 1 - 20% casual labour and resources in September the overall proportion of assessed settlements WBeG State, NBeG State and Warrap State 21 - 40% to mitigate their lack of access to food. all had over 50% of their populations in 41 - 60% reporting IDPs decreased during the third 61 - 80% either Crisis or above in September 2018.7 Displacement in Greater Tonj Area, quarter in GTA, which could be attributable 81 - 100% Insufficient data Warrap State to outflow of households temporarily in Tonj. Western Bahr el Ghazal State Assessed settlement

6. World Food Programme, Dataviz: South Sudan - Northern Bahr el Ghazal - Aweil 8. Estimated by humanitarian organisations active in the Greater Bagarri area 3 North, August 2018 9. FEWSNET, Livelihoods Zone Map and Descriptions for South Sudan (Updated), 7. Integrated Phase Classification, South Sudan- Key IPC Findings, September 2018 - August 2018 March 2019 The ongoing conflict also limited IDP’s Map 5: Proportion of assessed settlements Continuing infestations of fall army worm assessed settlements in NBeG State reported ability to access Wau market or traditionally reporting inadequate access to food, during the quarter and a lack of rain in May relying on purchasing their food as the principle relied on livelihoods, in addition to restricting September 2018 and June, the planting and growing season, food source in August, which increased from humanitarian access from June up to followed by heavy rains and flooding in August 36% reporting market reliance in June. early September 2018. In the absence of and September, the early harvest season, Due to the lack of access to food in NBeG humanitarian food assistance (HFA), food impacted cultivation and will likely increase food State, many individuals reportedly migrated to security was negatively impacted in the area. insecurity in the coming months. The flooding Aweil Town for casual labour or to start small The September 2018 IPC projected 1,000 also reportedly restricted fishing in assessed businesses and petty trade to send money back individuals in the Greater Bagarri area to be 0% settlements given the overflown rivers. Fishing 10 to their families during the quarter. Aweil North in Catastrophe (Phase 5) in September. 1 - 20% is a key food source when households have 21 - 40% and South counties saw an increase in assessed exhausted their crops in the lean season.12 In Raja County, only 6% of assessed 41 - 60% settlements reporting receiving remittances as settlements reported having adequate access 61 - 80% Given that cultivation was limited in 2018, 81 - 100% a livelihood source; the proportion of assessed to food in September 2018. FGD participants Insufficient data assessed settlements instead reported settlements reporting this rose from 10% and 15% reported that HHs are relying heavily on Assessed settlement relying heavily on purchasing food (Figure in Aweil North and South counties, respectively, wild foods given missed harvests, loss of The limited access to food in WBeG resulted 3). However, according to FGD participants in June to 33% and 29% in August. livelihoods and perceived insecurity preventing in an increasing proportion of assessed in , disruptions to trade on cultivation. Twenty-nine percent (29%) of the border between South Sudan and Sudan Aweil East and West counties each saw a settlements in Western Bahr el Ghazal State decline of over 15 percentage points in the assessed settlements in Raja County reported reportedly relying on consumption-based coping reportedly decreased access to food in the that wild foods made up half or more of their markets in Aweil Town.13 This caused low proportion of assessed settlements that reported mechanisms, specifically limiting meal size and main meals and 24% reported people were supply in markets and major price increases, owning cattle between June and August 2018. consuming less expensive food (Figure 2). consuming wild foods that made them sick. which is concerning given nearly half (48%) of Cattle is traditionally one of the primary livelihood Additionally, with the onset of the lean season, activities in NBeG State but with the growing food Figure 2: Proportion of assessed settlements wild food consumption was also reportedly Figure 3. Reported source of food in assessed reporting consumption-based coping insecurity, more households have reportedly heavily relied on in assessed settlements settlements in the GBeG region, WBeG and GTA been selling their cattle to access food. The mechanisms in WBeG State, March, June and in September 2018, NBeG in August 2018. September 2018 in WBeG during the third quarter of 2018. proportion of assessed settlements reporting Northern Bahr el Ghazal State excess livestock sales as a livelihoods coping mechanism increased from 24% to 44% from Environmental impacts and low market supply June to September 2018. For more information, negatively impacted food access in NBeG State see the REACH Greater Bahr el Ghazal Situation during the third quarter. Only 5% of assessed Overview, April-June 2018. settlements in NBeG State reported having access to enough food in August 2018. August Greater Tonj area is also typically the end of the lean season, Access to food in the Greater Tonj area reportedly contributing to the low reported access to food. increased during the third quarter; 18% of The majority of assessed settlements in NBeG assessed settlements reported having access State reported environmental factors11 as to enough food in June, which increased to 54% the primary reason for the lack of adequate in September 2018. This may be attributable to access to food in July (57%) and August (77%). the harvest in September as well as the increase

10. IPC, South Sudan Key IPC Findings, September 2018 - March 2019, September 12. Reported by a key informant from NBeG State. 2018 13. Reported by FGD participants from NBeG State. 4 11. Environmental factors include: crops destroyed by floods, crops destroyed by pests, lack of rain and a short growing season Figure 4: Primary reported livelihood activities to 67% in September and 83% of assessed Figure 5: Primary reported consumption-based assessed settlements reporting incidents of in the GBeG region, August 2018 settlements reported gathering wild food as coping mechanisms in WBeG and GTA in property looting increased from 36% in June WBeG NBeG GTA a key livelihood-based coping mechanism. September 2018 and NBeG in August 2018 to 83% in August, which may be linked to the WBeG GTA NBEG lack of access to food and direct services. Casual labour 79% 48% 95% Livestock continued to be one of the most common livelihood sources in GTA, reported Eating less expensive food 71% 35% 87% Sexual violence remained the primary protection Fishing / Hunting 16% 39% 93% by 92% of assessed settlements and all concern reported for girls (18 years or below) assessed settlements reported owning cattle Limiting meal size 68% 69% 77% by assessed settlements in GBeG, reported by Crops for sustenance 54% 33% 50% at the end of the third quarter. However, 55% of assessed settlements in WBeG, 30% in Reducing number of meals 46% 71% 53% likely due to the food insecurity, assessed GTA and 52% in NBeG in August 2018 (Map 6). Livestock 5% 54% 92% settlements reported relying on excess 37% 41% 30% Shelter and Non-Food Items (NFIs) livestock sales during the third quarter. Skipping days of eating in reported HFA received in September in GTA. In Tonj East, the proportion of assessed Shelter conditions declined in Wau County, Tonj While 9% and 25% of assessed settlements in settlements reporting livestock sales as a in September. In Tonj East County, outbreaks East County and NBeG State due to conflict of inter-communal conflict caused a spike in Tonj North and South counties, respectively, coping mechanism increased from 11% to and flooding during the third quarter of 2018. 67% between June and September 2018, reported incidents of conflict that have killed a reported accessing HFA in June, 61% and 64% In Wau County, WBeG State, 15% of assessed which is concerning given the high reliance civilian in assessed settlements from 11% in June reported accessing HFA in September 2018. settlements reported half or more than half of on livestock as a livelihood in the area. to 42% in September. Accordingly, the proportion Ongoing outbreaks of inter-communal conflict of assessed settlements in Tonj East County shelters in their community were destroyed or continued to heavily impact access to food; Protection reporting inter-communal violence as the primary partially destroyed from the fighting in August, 15 32% of assessed settlements with inadequate Insecurity in WBeG State and episodes of protection concern for men and women increased which was an increase from 0% reported in July. access to food in GTA reported their crops were inter-communal violence across GTA have in August to 50% and 38%, respectively. This Conflict also reportedly caused shelter damage destroyed by fighting in September, and in Tonj resulted in reported protection concerns in the is likely attributable to the acute outbreaks in GTA between July and August 2018. The East County, 70% of assessed settlements GBeG region from July to September 2018. of conflict in GTA in August and September. with inadequate access to food reported that Figure 6: Proportion of assessed settlements Ninety-one percent (91%) of assessed Incidents of looting have reportedly increased reporting incidents of looting in GBeG region, fighting had destroyed their crops. This is settlements in Wau County, WBeG State in assessed settlements in the Greater Bahr el June to September 2018 particularly concerning given that the primary reported they did not feel safe most of the time Ghazal region since the end of last quarter (Figure reported source of food in GTA during the in September and in August 15% of assessed 6). The reported increase in property looting in quarter was consistently cultivation, reported settlements reported an incident of conflict had assessed settlements is likely an effect of the by 71% of assessed settlements in September. killed a civilian. Looting was the main reported ongoing conflicts in parts of WBeG State and Given the ongoing conflict and destruction of safety concern for both men and women GTA. In NBeG State the environmental shocks 14 crops, wild food reliance was high in GTA; nearly a in assessed settlements in Wau County. have restricted access to basic needs, likely causing an increase in property looting and theft. quarter (24%) of assessed settlements reported Perceived insecurity reportedly increased wild foods as the main food source in their in assessed settlements in GTA over the Looting also typically spikes with the onset of the community at the end of the quarter. In Tonj East third quarter. The proportion of assessed lean season- June to August in GBeG- or in times County, the proportion of assessed settlements settlements that reported most people do not of acute food insecurity due to the lack of access * reporting people were eating wild foods that feel safe most of the time rose from 17% in to resources. In Raja County, WBeG State, a made them sick increased from 56% in June July in Tonj East and South counties to 54% highly food insecure county, the proportion of

14. OCHA, Multi-sector Fact Finding Report on Flood Effected areas of Aweil South, *July figure omitted for GTA and September figure omitted for NBeG given lack of full 5 September 2018 area coverage in those months. Map 6: Proportion of assessed settlements settlements with IDPs, respectively, reported water source (Map 7), which can have Map 7: Proportion of assessed settlements reporting SGBV as primary protection concern for IDPs most needed plastic sheets. This is negative implications on sanitation and health. reporting using an unprotected water source, girls, August 2018 concerning given August is the wet season August 201817 Over 80% of assessed settlements in Tonj East and plastic sheets provide essential protection (83%) and Jur River (89%) counties reported from the rains and potential health issues. that individuals were not using latrines in Health and Water, Sanitation and September and 88% reported the same in NBeG Hygiene (WASH) State in August. Compounding the sanitation concerns of open defecation, a consistently 0% 0% In the third quarter, reported presence of large proportion of assessed settlements also 1 - 20% functional boreholes in assessed settlements 1 - 20% 21 - 40% reported only using water to wash their hands 21 - 40% 41 - 60% improved in GTA from 88% to 100%, though in the GBeG region in August: 44% in GTA, 41 - 60% 61 - 80% reportedly declined in WBeG and NBeG 61 - 80% 81 - 100% 40% in WBeG State and 39% in NBeG State. 81 - 100% Insufficient data states. The proportion of assessed settlements Insufficient data Assessed settlement in NBeG State that reported any functioning The proportion of assessed settlements Assessed settlement reporting access to health services was through the third quarter, which is expected in proportion of assessed settlements in Tonj East boreholes in their community dropped from lowest in Tonj East County, Jur River County the rainy season months of May to September. County reporting shelters were either destroyed 57% to 45% between June and August 2018 and Aweil Centre County in August, where or partially destroyed from conflict increased and in WBeG State it decreased from 53% Tonj North (35%), Aweil West (30%) and 38%, 21% and 33% of assessed settlements from 0% in July to 75% in September likely due to 43% between July and September 2018. Aweil North (29%) counties had the highest reported there were no functioning health proportion of assessed settlements reporting to the episodes of inter-communal violence. Access to clean water was reportedly most care services accessible by foot, respectively. malaria as the main health problem, all of Assessed settlements in all three counties limited in Wau County, WBeG State and which experienced slightly heavier than of GTA reported flooding had forced HHs to Aweil Centre and West counties, NBeG In WBeG State, an increasing proportion normal rainfall this year.18 This is particularly leave their homes during the third quarter. State where 32%, 44% and 48% of assessed of assessed settlements reported that concerning in Aweil West and North counties in settlements, respectively, reported there were distance was the main reason for lack of Heavy rains and flooding in NBeG State NBeG State, due to the reported lack of support no functioning boreholes in the settlement. access to health care services, reported by negatively impacted shelter conditions during staff and medicine in the health facilities. the quarter, most heavily affecting HHs in north In Aweil Centre County, 61% of assessed 27% of assessed settlements in June and western NBeG State.16 A KI from a humanitarian settlements reported relying on unprotected rising to 40% in September, which may be In Tonj East County the proportion of assessed water sources and 44% reported that it took attributable to the ongoing displacement in partner reported that tukuls in lowland areas Figure 8: Primary reported health concerns in the were damaged by flooding in many settlements people from an hour to half of a day to collect Wau and Jur River counties through the third GBeG region, August 2018 water. In Wau County, 78% of assessed quarter. In NBeG State, 84% of assessed across the state and HH NFIs were lost. WBeG NBeG GTA settlements reported using an unprotected settlements without access to health The ongoing conflict, flooding, and services reported that health care services Malaria 18% 20% 24% displacement during the third quarter resulted Figure 7: Proportion of assessed settlements were unavailable because they were either in reported need for NFIs for IDPs in assessed reporting presence of a functioning borehole in the settlement, WBeG and GTA in September not adequately staffed or not supplied with Diarrhoea 7% 12% 14% settlements. Plastic sheets and mosquito

2018, NBeG in August 2018 43+45+100 sufficient drugs, which may be resultant of nets were consistently the most commonly Western Bahr el Ghazal 43% impassable roads from the heavy flooding. Typhoid 15% 11% 16% reported needed items in the GBeG region during the assessment period. In WBeG and Northern Bahr el Ghazal 45% Malaria was consistently reported as the Malnutrition 6% 6% 22% NBeG in August, 55% and 57% of assessed Greater Tonj area 100% primary health problem in the GBEG region

15. While no assessed settlements in Wau County reported shelter damage in July, this 17. Unprotected water sources include: donkey carts, ponds, wells, rivers and swamps. 6 is likely reflective of the developments in June, pre-outbreak of conflict, given that the 18. WFP, World Food Programme, Dataviz: South Sudan, July-September 2018 recall period for KIIs is 1 month. 16.Reported in coordination meeting by partners in Aweil Town, NBeG State. settlements reporting malnutrition as the main Reported school attendance rates for female that half or more boys attended school in WASH and health services. With the heavy health problem in the community increased students declined in assessed settlements in June, increasing to 96% in September. rains, there was an increase in malaria from 17% in July to 42% in September WBeG, NBeG and GTA between the second Conclusion reported as a health concern in areas heavily 2018, which may be a consequence of the and third quarters of 2018 (Figure 9). School affected by flooding, such as Aweil North negative impacts of the lean season and fees and the need to work in the household were Ongoing conflict in WBeG State and Greater and West counties and Tonj North County. Tonj area and food insecurity and flooding in the inter-communal violence in the area. reported as the main barriers to attendance While the harvest season may increase NBeG State caused an increase in reported Education for girls in both August and September in all access to food region-wide, the combined displacement and further decline in access three areas. The low attendance may also impacts of continued displacement, armed The proportion of assessed settlements to food and basic services between July and be reflective of girls participating in seasonal clashes, environmental shocks, increased reporting access to education services September 2018 in much of the GBeG region. harvest work. Economic barriers remained reported looting and consecutive poor remained consistent in assessed settlements a consistently reported issue that reportedly Displacement and environmental shocks harvests will likely result in the continued in WBeG State and GTA over the third impeded female school attendance rates. have resulted in minimal yields of early- deterioration of food security and the ability quarter, with 69% of assessed settlements See REACH GBeG Situation Overview, maturing crops, and the lack of humanitarian for HHs to meet basic needs in the region. reporting access in WBeG and 100% in GTA April to June 2018 for more information on access to conflict-affected areas in WBeG in September. In NBeG State the proportion this. Assessed settlements in GTA reported State has caused an increasing reliance of assessed settlements reporting access to that a lack of supplies was a primary reason on severe coping strategies such as education dropped from 89% to 74% between for girls not attending school in September. consumption of wild foods that are known the end of last quarter and August 2018 (Figure Male school attendance reportedly increased to make people sick and excess sales of 9), reportedly due to there never being facilities in assessed settlements in GTA area; livestock. With the onset of the dry season, (41%) or facilities being too distant (28%). 75% of assessed settlements reported the ability of populations to rely on key coping About REACH Figure 9: Proportion of assessed settlements reporting access to education and attendance of half strategies, such as wild foods, will diminish. REACH facilitates the development or more girls (F) and boys (M) in assessed settlements, June (solid) and September (striped) in GTA The recent surge in inter-communal clashes in and WBeG and June (solid) and August (striped) in NBeG of information tools and products that GTA led to increasing reported shelter damage enhance the capacity of aid actors to make and restricted access to food and basic evidence-based decisions in emergency, services, particularly in Tonj East County. The recovery and development contexts. confluence of a heavy reliance on cultivation as All REACH activities are conducted a primary food source with high reports of crop through inter-agency aid coordination destruction from conflict will likely result in early mechanisms. exhaustion of crop yields, leading to more acute For more information, you can write food insecurity in GTA in the coming months. to our in-country office: southsudan@ reach-initiative.org or to our global office: Access to clean water reportedly declined [email protected]. in WBeG and NBeG States during the third Visit www.reach-initiative.org and quarter. The erratic rains and flooding in parts follow us @REACH_info. of the region negatively impacted access to

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