DOCSLIB.ORG

States and Localities That Have Raised the Tobacco Sale Age to 21

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
States and Localities That Have Raised the Tobacco Sale Age to 21 STATES AND LOCALITIES THAT HAVE RAISED THE MINIMUM LEGAL SALE AGE FOR TOBACCO PRODUCTS TO 21 On December 20, 2019, President Trump signed legislation to amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, and raise the federal minimum age of sale of tobacco products from 18 to 21 years, effective immediately. Prior to the federal increase, nineteen states – Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia and Washington – had raised the tobacco age to 21, along with Washington, DC and at least 540 localities, covering over half of the US population. Subsequent to the federal age of sale increase, Colorado, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee and Wyoming have raised their tobacco age to 21.The strength of state and local laws, such as their enforcement and penalties, varies substantially. States States listed in order of effective date. States in bold passed their legislation prior to the federal minimum age of sale increase. Hawaii (effective 1/1/16) New York (effective 11/13/19) California (effective 6/9/16) Washington (effective 1/1/20) New Jersey (effective 11/1/17) Oklahoma (effective 5/19/20) Oregon (effective 1/1/18) Iowa (effective 6/29/20) Maine (effective 7/1/18) Indiana (effective 7/1/20) Massachusetts (effective 12/31/18) Pennsylvania (effective 7/1/20) Illinois (effective 7/1/19) South Dakota (effective 7/1/20) Virginia (effective 7/1/19) Utah (effective 7/1/20) Delaware (effective 7/16/19) Wyoming (effective 7/1/20) Arkansas (effective 9/1/19) Colorado (effective 7/14/20) Texas (effective 9/1/19) Kentucky (effective 8/1/20) Vermont (effective 9/1/19) Minnesota (effective 8/1/20) Connecticut (effective 10/1/19) Mississippi (effective 7/8/20) Maryland (effective 10/1/19) New Mexico (effective 1/1/21) Ohio (effective 10/17/19) Tennessee (effective 1/1/21) Localities Local laws enacted after increase in federal age of sale not listed. Alaska (2) California (16)1 California (cont’d) 1. Anchorage 1. Arvin 16. South Pasadena 2. Sitka 2. Elk Grove 3. Fairfax Colorado (22) Arizona (5) 4. Healdsburg 1. Aspen 1. Cottonwood 5. Kern County 2. Avon 2. Douglas 6. Los Gatos 3. Basalt 3. Flagstaff 7. Novato 4. Boulder 4. Goodyear 8. Palo Alto 5. Breckinridge 5. Tucson 9. San Francisco City/Ctny 6. Broomfield 10. Santa Clara County 7. Carbondale Arkansas (3) 11. Santa Cruz County 8. Castle Pines 1. Harrison 12. Saratoga 9. Denver 2. Helena/West Helena 13. Scotts Valley 10. Dillon 3. Phillips County 14. Sonoma County 11. Edgewater 15. South El Monte 12. Frisco 1 Colorado (cont’d) Illinois (cont’d) Massachusetts (cont’d) 13. Glenwood Springs 24. Maywood 7. Andover 14. Golden 25. Mount Prospect 8. Arlington 15. Gypsum 26. Mundelein 9. Ashburnham 16. Lafayette 27. Naperville 10. Ashby 17. Louisville 28. Normal 11. Ashland 18. Minturn 29. Oak Park 12. Athol 19. Silverthorne 30. Park Ridge 13. Attleboro 20. Snowmass 31. Peoria 14. Avon 21. Summit County 32. Plainfield 15. Ayer 22. Superior 33. Riverwoods 16. Barnstable 34. Rolling Meadows 17. Bedford Connecticut (8) 35. Skokie 18. Belchertown 1. Bridgeport 36. Vernon Hills 19. Bellingham 2. Hartford 37. Washington 20. Belmont 3. Meriden 38. West Chicago 21. Beverly 4. Milford 39. Wheaton 22. Billerica 5. Southington 40. Wilmette 23. Blackstone 6. South Windsor 24. Bolton 7. Trumbull Kansas (25) 25. Boston 8. Wallingford 1. Bonner Springs 26. Bourne 2. Douglas County2 27. Braintree Florida (2) 3. Garden City 28. Brewster 1. Alachua County 4. Holcomb 29. Bridgewater 2. Fort Lauderdale 5. Iola 30. Brimfield 6. Johnson County2 31. Brockton Georgia (1) 7. Kansas City/Wyandotte Cty 32. Brookline 1. Smyrna 8. Lansing 33. Buckland 9. Leavenworth 34. Burlington Hawaii (1) 10. Leawood 35. Cambridge 1. Hawaii County 11. Lenexa 36. Canton 12. Merriam 37. Carver Illinois (40) 13. Mission Hills 38. Charlemont 1. Arlington Heights 14. Newton 39. Chatham 2. Aurora 15. Olathe 40. Chelmsford 3. Barrington 16. Overland Park 41. Chelsea 4. Berwyn 17. Paola 42. Chicopee 5. Bolingbrook 18. Parsons 43. Chilmark 6. Buffalo Grove 19. Prairie Village 44. Clinton 7. Chicago 20. Roeland Park 45. Cohasset 8. Cook County 21. Sabetha 46. Concord 9. Deerfield 22. Shawnee County2 47. Conway 10. Des Plaines 23. Topeka3 48. Dalton 11. Downers Grove 24. Westwood 49. Danvers 12. Elgin 25. Westwood Hills 50. Dartmouth 13. Elk Grove 51. Dedham 14. Evanston Maine (1) 52. Deerfield 15. Glen Ellyn 1. Portland 53. Dighton 16. Gurnee 54. Dover 17. Highland Park Massachusetts (237) 4 55. Dracut 18. Hoffman Estates 1. Acton 56. Duxbury 19. Hopkins Park 2. Acushnet 57. East Longmeadow 20. Lake County2 3. Adams 58. Eastham 21. Lake in the Hills 4. Agawam 59. Easthampton 22. Lake Zurich 5. Amesbury 60. Easton 23. Lincolnshire 6. Amherst 61. Edgartown 2 Massachusetts (cont’d) Massachusetts (cont’d) Massachusetts (cont’d) 62. Egremont 117. Manchester 172. Rowley 63. Essex 118. Mansfield 173. Rutland 64. Everett 119. Marblehead 174. Salem 65. Fairhaven 120. Marion 175. Salisbury 66. Fall River 121. Marlborough 176. Saugus 67. Falmouth 122. Marshfield 177. Scituate 68. Fitchburg 123. Mashpee 178. Sharon 69. Foxboro 124. Maynard 179. Sheffield 70. Framingham 125. Medfield 180. Shelburne 71. Franklin 126. Medford 181. Sherborn 72. Georgetown 127. Medway 182. Shrewsbury 73. Gill 128. Melrose 183. Somerville 74. Gloucester 129. Mendon 184. South Hadley 75. Grafton 130. Methuen 185. Southampton 76. Great Barrington 131. Middleton 186. Southborough 77. Greenfield 132. Milford 187. Southbridge 78. Groton 133. Millbury 188. Southwick 79. Hadley 134. Millis 189. Spencer 80. Halifax 135. Milton 190. Springfield 81. Hamilton 136. Montague 191. Stockbridge 82. Hanover 137. Nantucket 192. Stoneham 83. Harvard 138. Natick 193. Stoughton 84. Harwich 139. Needham 194. Stow 85. Hatfield 140. New Bedford 195. Sturbridge 86. Haverhill 141. Newton 196. Sudbury 87. Heath 142. Norfolk 197. Sunderland 88. Hingham 143. North Adams 198. Sutton 89. Hinsdale 144. North Andover 199. Swampscott 90. Holbrook 145. North Attleboro 200. Swansea 91. Holden 146. Northborough 201. Taunton 92. Holliston 147. Northbridge 202. Templeton 93. Holyoke 148. Northampton 203. Tewksbury 94. Hopedale 149. North Reading 204. Tisbury 95. Hopkinton 150. Norton 205. Topsfield 96. Hubbard 151. Norwell 206. Townsend 97. Hudson 152. Norwood 207. Tyngsboro 98. Hull 153. Oak Bluffs 208. Uxbridge 99. Ipswich 154. Orange 209. Wakefield 100. Kingston 155. Orleans 210. Walpole 101. Lancaster 156. Otis 211. Waltham 102. Lanesborough 157. Oxford 212. Wareham 103. Lawrence 158. Palmer 213. Watertown 104. Lee 159. Peabody 214. Wayland 105. Lenox 160. Pembroke 215. Wellesley 106. Leominster 161. Pittsfield 216. Wellfleet 107. Leverett 162. Plainville 217. Wenham 108. Lexington 163. Plymouth 218. Westboro 109. Lincoln 164. Provincetown 219. West Boylston 110. Littleton 165. Quincy 220. Westfield 111. Longmeadow 166. Randolph 221. Westford 112. Lowell 167. Raynham 222. Weston 113. Ludlow 168. Reading 223. Westport 114. Lynn 169. Revere 224. West Tisbury 115. Lynnfield 170. Rockland 225. Westwood 116. Malden 171. Rockport 226. Weymouth 3 Massachusetts (cont’d) Minnesota (cont’d) New Hampshire (5) 227. Whately 39. Owatonna 1. Dover 228. Whitman 40. Plymouth 2. Durham 229. Wilbraham 41. Pope County 3. Franklin 230. Williamstown 42. Richfield 4. Keene 231. Wilmington 43. Robbinsdale 5. Newmarket 232. Winchendon 44. Rockford 233. Winchester 45. Roseville New Jersey (28) 234. Winthrop 46. Rushford 1. Belleville 235. Woburn 47. St. Anthony 2. Bergenfield 236. Worcester 48. St. Bonifacius 3. Bloomingdale 237. Yarmouth 49. St. James 4. Bogota 50. St. Louis Park 5. Bradley Beach Michigan (2) 51. St. Paul 6. Cedar Grove 1. Ann Arbor 52. St. Peter 7. East Orange 2. Genesee County3 53. Scandia 8. East Rutherford 54. Shoreview 9. Englewood Minnesota (60) 55. Stevens County 10. Fairlawn 1. Adams 56. Stewartsville 11. Garfield 2. Albert Lea 57. Waseca 12. Haledon 3. Arden Hills 58. West St. Paul 13. Hanover 4. Austin 59. Wilkin County 14. Highland Park 5. Beltrami County 60. Wright County 15. Maplewood 6. Bemidji 16. Oradell 7. Benton County Mississippi (1) 17. Paterson 8. Bloomington 1. Adams County2 18. Princeton 9. Braham 19. Raritan 10. Byron Missouri (27) 20. Rutherford 11. Brooklyn Center 1. Belton 21. Sayreville 12. Cook County 2. Carl Junction 22. Teaneck 13. Duluth 3. Columbia 23. Tenafly 14. Eden Prairie 4. Crestwood 24. Trenton 15. Edina 5. Des Peres 25. Union City 16. Excelsior 6. Eldon 26. West Orange 17. Falcon Heights 7. Excelsior Springs 27. Westwood 18. Fergus Falls 8. Gladstone 28. Wyckoff 19. Forest Lake 9. Grandview 20. Golden Valley 10. Hallsville New York (25) 21. Greenfield 11. Independence 1. Albany County 22. Hennepin County 12. Jackson County2 2. Baxter Estates 23. Hermantown 13. Jefferson City 3. Cattaraugus County 24. Isanti County 14. Joplin 4. Chautauqua County 25. Lauderdale 15. Kansas City 5. Cortland County 26. Lilydale 16. Kearney 6. Essex County 27. Little Canada 17. Lee’s Summit 7. Great Neck Plaza 28. Mankato 18. Liberty 8. Hempstead 29. Mendota Heights 19. Oak Grove 9. Long Beach 30. Minneapolis 20. Parkville 10. Nassau County 31. Minnetonka 21. Peculiar 11. New Castle 32. Mound 22. Pleasant Valley 12. New York City 33. Mounds View 23. Raymore 13. North Hempstead 34. New Brighton 24. Smithville Springfield 14. Onondaga County 35. North Mankato 25. St. Louis City 15. Orange County 36. North Oaks 26. St. Louis County 16. Port Washington North 37. Olmsted County 27. Wildwood 17. Putnam County 38. Otter Tail County 18. Rockland County 4 New York (cont’d) US Territories 19. Schenectady County 1. Guam 20. Suffolk County 21. Sullivan County 22. Tompkins County 23. Ulster County 1CA localities courtesy of ANR 24.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Colorado History Chronology
    Colorado History Chronology 13,000 B.C. Big game hunters may have occupied area later known as Colorado. Evidence shows that they were here by at least 9200 B.C. A.D. 1 to 1299 A.D. Advent of great Prehistoric Cliff Dwelling Civilization in the Mesa Verde region. 1276 to 1299 A.D. A great drought and/or pressure from nomadic tribes forced the Cliff Dwellers to abandon their Mesa Verde homes. 1500 A.D. Ute Indians inhabit mountain areas of southern Rocky Mountains making these Native Americans the oldest continuous residents of Colorado. 1541 A.D. Coronado, famed Spanish explorer, may have crossed the southeastern corner of present Colorado on his return march to Mexico after vain hunt for the golden Seven Cities of Cibola. 1682 A.D. Explorer La Salle appropriates for France all of the area now known as Colorado east of the Rocky Mountains. 1765 A.D. Juan Maria Rivera leads Spanish expedition into San Juan and Sangre de Cristo Mountains in search of gold and silver. 1776 A.D. Friars Escalante and Dominguez seeking route from Santa Fe to California missions, traverse what is now western Colorado as far north as the White River in Rio Blanco County. 1803 A.D. Through the Louisiana Purchase, signed by President Thomas Jefferson, the United States acquires a vast area which included what is now most of eastern Colorado. While the United States lays claim to this vast territory, Native Americans have resided here for hundreds of years. 1806 A.D. Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike and small party of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • STATE APPORTIONMENT of CORPORATE INCOME (Formulas for Tax Year 2021 -- As of January 1, 2021)
    STATE APPORTIONMENT OF CORPORATE INCOME (Formulas for tax year 2021 -- as of January 1, 2021) ALABAMA * Double wtd Sales MONTANA * 3 Factor ALASKA* 3 Factor NEBRASKA Sales ARIZONA * Sales/Double wtd Sales NEVADA No State Income Tax ARKANSAS * Sales NEW HAMPSHIRE Double wtd Sales CALIFORNIA * Sales NEW JERSEY Sales COLORADO * Sales NEW MEXICO * 3 Factor/Sales CONNECTICUT Sales NEW YORK Sales DELAWARE Sales NORTH CAROLINA * Sales FLORIDA Double wtd Sales NORTH DAKOTA * 3 Factor/Sales GEORGIA Sales OHIO N/A (2) HAWAII * 3 Factor OKLAHOMA 3 Factor IDAHO * Double wtd Sales OREGON Sales ILLINOIS * Sales PENNSYLVANIA Sales INDIANA Sales RHODE ISLAND Sales IOWA Sales SOUTH CAROLINA Sales KANSAS * 3 Factor SOUTH DAKOTA No State Income Tax KENTUCKY * Sales TENNESSEE Triple wtd Sales LOUISIANA Sales TEXAS Sales MAINE * Sales UTAH Sales MARYLAND (3) 75.0% Sales, 12.5% Property VERMONT Double wtd Sales & Payroll VIRGINIA Double wtd Sales/Sales MASSACHUSETTS Sales/Double wtd Sales WASHINGTON No State Income Tax MICHIGAN Sales WEST VIRGINIA * Double wtd Sales MINNESOTA Sales WISCONSIN * Sales MISSISSIPPI Sales/Other (1) WYOMING No State Income Tax MISSOURI * Sales DIST. OF COLUMBIA Sales Source: Compiled by FTA from state sources. Notes: The formulas listed are for general manufacturing businesses. Some industries have a special formula different from the one shown. * State has adopted substantial portions of the UDITPA (Uniform Division of Income Tax Purposes Act). Slash (/) separating two formulas indicates taxpayer option or specified by state rules. 3 Factor = sales, property, and payroll equally weighted. Double wtd Sales = 3 factors with sales double-weighted Sales = single sales factor (1) Mississippi provides different apportionment formulas based on specific type of business.
    [Show full text]
  • Wyoming: 2010 Population and Housing Unit Counts 2010 Census of Population and Housing
    Wyoming: 2010 Population and Housing Unit Counts 2010 Census of Population and Housing Issued June 2012 CPH-2-52 U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU census.gov Wyoming: 2010 Issued June 2012 Population and Housing Unit Counts CPH-2-52 U.S. Department of Commerce Rebecca M. Blank, Acting Secretary Rebecca M. Blank, Deputy Secretary Economics and Statistics Administration Vacant, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Robert M. Groves, Director SUGGESTED CITATION U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census of Population and Housing, Population and Housing Unit Counts, CPH-2-52, Wyoming U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2012 ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ADMINISTRATION Economics and Statistics Administration Vacant, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Robert M. Groves, Director Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Deputy Director and Chief Operating Officer Nancy A. Potok, Associate Director for Demographic Programs Enrique J. Lamas, Chief, Population Division CONTENTS List of Statistical Tables . v How to Use This Census Report . I-1 Table Finding Guide . II-1 User Notes . III-1 Crosswalk of Urban Areas and Places: 2010 . IV-1 Statistical Tables . 1 Appendixes A Geographic Terms and Concepts . * B Definitions of Subject Characteristics . * C Data Collection and Processing Procedures . * D Questionnaire . * E Maps . E-1 F Operational Overview and Accuracy of the Data . * G Residence Rule and Residence Situations for the 2010 Census of the United States . * H Acknowledgments . * *Appendix may be found in the separate volume, CPH-2-A, Population and Housing Unit Counts, Selected Appendixes, in print and on the Internet at <www .census .gov /prod/cen2010/cph-2-a .pdf> .
    [Show full text]
  • From Alabama to Wyoming: 50 Counts of Double Standards -- the Missing Entries in the US Report on Human Rights
    • News Service:038/99 AI INDEX: AMR 51/33/99 EMBARGOED FOR 0001 GMT THURSDAY 25 FEBRUARY From Alabama to Wyoming: 50 counts of double standards -- the missing entries in the US report on human rights On 25 February, the US State Department will publish its annual report on human rights, addressing the unjustified killing or ill-treatment of people by police and other security forces in some 190 countries -- similar incidents in New York, Illinois or California, however, will not be granted a mention “One could very well say that this year, like every other, there will be 50 entries missing from the State Department report: from Alabama to Wyoming,” Amnesty International said, deploring the USA’s hypocritical stance at not recognizing the extent to which human rights abuses are going unchecked in its own territory. “The US government has a selective approach to human rights -- using international human rights standards as a yardstick by which to judge other countries, but consistently failing to apply those same standards at home.” “Furthermore, US government policies often lead to human rights being sacrificed for political, economic and military interests, both in US territory and abroad,” the organization continued. “By providing weapons, security equipment and training to other countries, the USA is responsible for the same abuses it denounces in its State Department report.” According to Amnesty International, when it comes to human rights, the USA discriminates against countries and victims. “The US government often criticizes countries it considers hostile, while ignoring abuses committed by its allies or failing to take action that would run counter to US interests.
    [Show full text]
  • COLORADO MAGAZINE Published by the State Historical Society of Colorado VO L
    THE COLORADO MAGAZINE Published by The State Historical Society of Colorado VO L. V Denver, Colorado, August, 1928 No. 4 Early Years of the Telephone in Colorado By Howard T. Vaille* The telephone came into the world a sickly, puny babe, the strangest creature ever born; it had but a mouth and an ear, with an artery connecting them. The queer child came unheralded and no one but the father cared whether it lived or died. The world said, "It is a freak, let it die," but the fond parent looked far into the future and saw in the little creature the promise of a beneficent giant which should some day perform a great service to mankind. The infant sent its first cry across the dusty attic where it was born. That was lVIarch 10, 1876. Next its voice was heard over the two miles of road from Boston to Cambridge. But could it ever resound in the canyon-like streets and in the lofty build­ ings of a great city; or muster the strength to compass the vast prairies of the IV est and make itself heard at the Golden Gate? IV ould it be wary and forceful enough to elude the mighty and subtle electrical forces, its cousins, which were lying in wait to destroy the life of the young child? There were the lightning, the electrical currents generated by man and the mysterious cur­ rents of nature playing around it; there were the mighty vested telegraph interests, who, as the child grew, saw in it a foe.
    [Show full text]
  • State Abbreviations
    State Abbreviations Postal Abbreviations for States/Territories On July 1, 1963, the Post Office Department introduced the five-digit ZIP Code. At the time, 10/1963– 1831 1874 1943 6/1963 present most addressing equipment could accommodate only 23 characters (including spaces) in the Alabama Al. Ala. Ala. ALA AL Alaska -- Alaska Alaska ALSK AK bottom line of the address. To make room for Arizona -- Ariz. Ariz. ARIZ AZ the ZIP Code, state names needed to be Arkansas Ar. T. Ark. Ark. ARK AR abbreviated. The Department provided an initial California -- Cal. Calif. CALIF CA list of abbreviations in June 1963, but many had Colorado -- Colo. Colo. COL CO three or four letters, which was still too long. In Connecticut Ct. Conn. Conn. CONN CT Delaware De. Del. Del. DEL DE October 1963, the Department settled on the District of D. C. D. C. D. C. DC DC current two-letter abbreviations. Since that time, Columbia only one change has been made: in 1969, at the Florida Fl. T. Fla. Fla. FLA FL request of the Canadian postal administration, Georgia Ga. Ga. Ga. GA GA Hawaii -- -- Hawaii HAW HI the abbreviation for Nebraska, originally NB, Idaho -- Idaho Idaho IDA ID was changed to NE, to avoid confusion with Illinois Il. Ill. Ill. ILL IL New Brunswick in Canada. Indiana Ia. Ind. Ind. IND IN Iowa -- Iowa Iowa IOWA IA Kansas -- Kans. Kans. KANS KS A list of state abbreviations since 1831 is Kentucky Ky. Ky. Ky. KY KY provided at right. A more complete list of current Louisiana La. La.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Surrounding States *For Those Chapters That Are Made up of More Than One State We Will Submit Education to the States and Surround States of the Chapter
    List of Surrounding States *For those Chapters that are made up of more than one state we will submit education to the states and surround states of the Chapter. Hawaii accepts credit for education if approved in state in which class is being held Accepts credit for education if approved in state in which class is being held Virginia will accept Continuing Education hours without prior approval. All Qualifying Education must be approved by them. Offering In Will submit to Alaska Alabama Florida Georgia Mississippi South Carolina Texas Arkansas Kansas Louisiana Missouri Mississippi Oklahoma Tennessee Texas Arizona California Colorado New Mexico Nevada Utah California Arizona Nevada Oregon Colorado Arizona Kansas Nebraska New Mexico Oklahoma Texas Utah Wyoming Connecticut Massachusetts New Jersey New York Rhode Island District of Columbia Delaware Maryland Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia Delaware District of Columbia Maryland New Jersey Pennsylvania Florida Alabama Georgia Georgia Alabama Florida North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Hawaii Iowa Illinois Missouri Minnesota Nebraska South Dakota Wisconsin Idaho Montana Nevada Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Illinois Illinois Indiana Kentucky Michigan Missouri Tennessee Wisconsin Indiana Illinois Kentucky Michigan Ohio Wisconsin Kansas Colorado Missouri Nebraska Oklahoma Kentucky Illinois Indiana Missouri Ohio Tennessee Virginia West Virginia Louisiana Arkansas Mississippi Texas Massachusetts Connecticut Maine New Hampshire New York Rhode Island Vermont Maryland Delaware District of Columbia
    [Show full text]
  • Alabama ...Wiswnrin ...Wyoming
    SUMMARY,1897. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 671 attributing a uniform average velocity to all winds. These TABLEB.-Fmpncy of thundaP.eiolme mnd awmw during 1897. resultants are also presented graphically on Chart I, but - I i;; Number of 8 Total for Frequmcy should be studied in connection with both the lower isobare stations. +I 1881. per statton. e of Charts I and IV and the upper isobars of Chart V. The - LI - - relation between the resultant winds thus computed from twa ti i -c1 i observations per day, without regard to velocities and those ,: !L! computed from twenty-four hourly observations, taking full 8 E account of the velocities, can be estimated by a comparison -Pi -f -4 -3 between Tables V and VI, pages 644 and 6-45 of the Summary Alabama ............... 6.1 1% 46 8.8 415 0 9.2 0.00 48 for 1894. Arizona ............... 11.4 2&3 80 0.6 rn 1 10.7 0.08 I Arkansas.. ............. 6.2 180 45 2.9 672 0 14.9 0.00 42 -0- California .............. 16.8 896 115 8.4 a98 2 2.6 0.02 86 Colorado ............... 10.4 860 66 4. n 917 8 14.1 0.12 m FREQUEN- OF THUNDERSTORMS. Connecticut ............ 0.6 12 1I 0.8 884 18 14.9 0.87 45 Delaware.. ............. 0.2 5 4 1.2 (14 6 16.0 1.m 48 The successive MONTHLYWEATHER REVIEWS have given for District of Columbia.. 0.01 n. a 8 0.5 81 0 15.5 0. 00 41 each day and each State the number of thunderstorms re- Florida ................
    [Show full text]
  • Water, Capitalism, and Urbanization in the Californias, 1848-1982
    TIJUANDIEGO: WATER, CAPITALISM, AND URBANIZATION IN THE CALIFORNIAS, 1848-1982 A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History By Hillar Yllo Schwertner, M.A. Washington, D.C. August 14, 2020 Copyright 2020 by Hillar Yllo Schwertner All Rights Reserved ii TIJUANDIEGO: WATER, CAPITALISM, AND URBANIZATION IN THE CALIFORNIAS, 1848-1982 Hillar Yllo Schwertner, M.A. Dissertation Advisor: John Tutino, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This is a history of Tijuandiego—the transnational metropolis set at the intersection of the United States, Mexico, and the Pacific World. Separately, Tijuana and San Diego constitute distinct but important urban centers in their respective nation-states. Taken as a whole, Tijuandiego represents the southwestern hinge of North America. It is the continental crossroads of cultures, economies, and environments—all in a single, physical location. In other words, Tijuandiego represents a new urban frontier; a space where the abstractions of the nation-state are manifested—and tested—on the ground. In this dissertation, I adopt a transnational approach to Tijuandiego’s water history, not simply to tell “both sides” of the story, but to demonstrate that neither side can be understood in the absence of the other. I argue that the drawing of the international boundary in 1848 established an imbalanced political ecology that favored San Diego and the United States over Tijuana and Mexico. The land and water resources wrested by the United States gave it tremendous geographical and ecological advantages over its reeling southern neighbor, advantages which would be used to strengthen U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Genesee & Wyoming Railroads OKLAHOMA KANSAS ARKANSAS
    H B S A G K A DAVIESS REPUBLIC MARSHALL DEKALB LINN MACON MARION Courtland UP DONI- SHELBY WASHINGTON BROWN M BNSF N R PHAN E C R NEMAHA M B D P NS JEWELL C CALDWELL LIVINGSTON BRR BUCHANAN CLINTON C Concordia RALLS U ATCHISON P CHARITON RANDOLPH P NS CLOUD KYLE POTTAWATOMIE JACKSON U CARROLL MONROE PLATTE RAY H B F MITCHELL CLAY NS T N B S E F CLAY RILEY R DM S PIKE B F N N O B CS S JEFFERSON K AUDRAIN F W U P N Kansas City OTTAWA E K V WYAN- & O Topeka A HOWARD T DOTTE KCS C E JACKSON L LINCOLN P SALINE U LINCOLN U LAFAYETTE MONT- GEARY P V Solomon SHAWNEE O GOMERY SALINE DOUGLAS JOHNSON BOONE WABAUNSEE Pleasant Hill DICKINSON COOPER CALLAWAY Salina UP WARREN C UP M JOHNSON MORRIS F OC S E B ELLSWORTH OSAGE BN PETTIS MONITEAU UP D MIAMI Jefferson City A MCPHERSON LYON FRANKLIN CASS N COLE OSAGE O CHASE C Clinton S K&O RICE MARION A C FRANKLIN Passaic OC MO M G UP MORGAN HENRY J BENTON MILLER COFFEY ANDERSON LINN BATES F S MARIES S R N P C B RENO P S HARVEY U MISSOURI KANSAS K MNA C B S N ST. CLAIR Fort S HICKORY CAMDEN CRAWFORD K& F O GREENWOOD WOODSON ALLEN Scott Nevada PHELPS W F UP S BOURBON VERNON N B PLUASKI CEDAR KINGMAN BUTLER P K&O SEDGWICK L F O S WILSON K BNSF POLK DALLAS N LACLEDE DENT S B L O CRAWFORD K C K NEOSHO S Lamar DADE & ELK REYNOLDS K O BARTON SKOL BN SF GREENE M K SUMNER O C Springfield &S N S T Carthage WEBSTER WRIGHT OL G SKO TEXAS SHANNON B SK O L CHEROKEE LAWRENCE M BNSF CHAUTAUQUA F HARPER COWLEY E S R JASPER N LABETTE B Y Joplin Wallis B F N S G BN Aurora HOWELL R CHRISTIAN DOUGLAS C OTTAWA W P U N ALFALFA
    [Show full text]
  • NATIONAL CENTER for JUSTICE and the RULE of LAW University
    NATIONAL CENTER FOR JUSTICE AND THE RULE OF LAW University of Mississippi School of Law Thomas K. Clancy Director www.NCJRL.org National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law Conferences Training Projects Publications Fourth Amendment Initiative Promotes awareness of search and seizure principles National Judicial College conferences for state trial and appellate judges Annual Symposium address important search and seizure issues, published in the Mississippi Law Journal. James Otis Lecture annual published lecture by noted scholar Computer Searches and Seizures publications at www.NCJRL.org Annual Fourth Amendment Symposiums 2002: Technology all at WWW.NCJRL.org 2003: Race & Ethnicity 2004: "Tools" to Interpret 2005: Computer Searches and Seizures 2006: Role of Objective vs. Subjective Intent 2007: Independent State Grounds 2008: Border Searches -- digital and physical 2009: "Great dissents" 2010: Fourth Amendment Rights of Children Cyber Crime and Digital Evidence Publications / Projects lots on line at www.NCJRL.org including: Email delivered Cyber Crime Newsletter Internet Victimization Symposium Materials on computer-related crime Grant-funded Judicial courses 4 day search and seizure course Comprehensive Search and Seizure for Judges Reno -- May 23-26, 2011 OXFORD -- Sept 12-15, 2011 digital search and seizure courses Computer Searches and Seizures for Trial Judges OXFORD -- Aug 25-26, 2011 Technology-Assisted Crimes Against Children: Pretrial Motions Practice May 19-20, 2011 (Reno) ICAC courses Trial Issues in ICAC cases AUG 1-2, 2011 (Reno) (tentative dates) WEBINARS on Internet Technology Web Browsing 101 –Jan. 12 Hiding Tracks on the Web –Feb. 23 Interactive Media – Mar. 30 Mobile Devices – Apr. 20 Peer-to-Peer Technologies – May 11 Emerging Uses/Cutting Edge Technologies – June 22 recorded/ live at NCJRL.org NCJRL.org today's materials 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Cretaceous Eocene Correlation in New Mexico, Wyoming, Montana
    BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA V O L. 25, PP. 355-380 S E P T E M B E R 15, 1914 PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY CRETACEOUS EOCEJME CORRELATION IN NEW MEXICO, WYOMING, MONTANA, ALBERTA1 BY BARNUM BROWN (Presented before the Paleontological Society January 1, 19H ) CONTENTS Page Introduction.......................................................................................................... 355 Hell Creek formation, Montana........................................................................ 356 Red Deer River, Alberta, Canada..................................................................... 359 Edmonton formation........................................................................................... 362 Edmonton-Pierre contact................................................................................... 368 Belly River beds.................................................................................................. 369 Summary of the Red Deer River section....................................................... 371 Paskapoo formation..................................................................................... 371 Edmonton formation................................................................................... 373 Belly River beds............................................................................................376 The Ojo Alamo beds........................................................................................... 379 Conclusion............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]