Design and Implementation of a Self-Powered Smart Water Meter
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Electric System Fundamentals Glossary
Electric System Fundamentals Glossary Alternating current (AC) An electric current that reverses its direction in a conductor at regular time intervals. Amps Short for ampere, the unit of measure commonly used to express the rate of current flow in an electric circuit. Apparent power The amount of power that comprises both real and reactive power, measured in volt- amps (VA), kilovolt-amps (kVA) or megavolt-amps (MVA). Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) The process of collecting meter data remotely through a communications system that sends the data without human intervention. Backup generator A generating unit that is used only when the primary source of power is unavailable. Baseload Generating units that run all 24 hours of the day. Battery A device that converts chemical energy directly to electric energy from substances contained within the battery cell. Biofuel Liquid fuel produced from biomass feedstock. Biomass Organic non-fossil material of biologic origin such as plant matter or animal waste. Electric Systems Fundamentals Glossary 1 Capacitive load A load that causes current to lead voltage. Capacitor A device that stores electrical charge and is used to improve power factor and help with voltage regulation. Capacity The maximum electric power output of a generating unit (measured in MW) or the maximum amount of power that lines or equipment can safely carry. Capacity factor The ratio of actual energy produced by a generating unit over a period of time to the energy that would have been produced had the unit run at its rated capacity for that period of time. Centralized generation Generation located on the transmission grid. -
Automatic Meter Reading/ Advanced Metering Infrastructure Project (AMR/AMI)
Automatic Meter Reading/ Advanced Metering Infrastructure Project (AMR/AMI) Mike McNutt Public Affairs and Communications Manager [email protected] 818‐251‐2124 Las Virgenes Municipal Water District www.LVMWD.com Project Description The Project consists of replacing approximately 21,000 manually‐read water utility meters within the Las Virgenes Municipal Water District (LVMWD) service area with Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) or “Smart Meters” that will automatically relay meter data wirelessly on a near‐continuous bases. Las Virgenes Municipal Water District www.LVMWD.com Las Virgenes Municipal Water District www.LVMWD.com Las Virgenes Municipal Water District www.LVMWD.com Project Benefits 5 to 10 percent reduction in water use (1,000 to 2,000 acre‐feet)1 ‐ Leak detection ‐ Better informed water use Compliance with AB 1668/SB 606 Less reliance on Sacramento‐San Joaquin Delta / more water for the Delta Reduced CO2 emissions ‐ 2,910 to 5,820 tons2 1) Based on various case studies including “The Effect of Social and Consumption Analytics on Residential Water Demand” ‐Nemati, Buck, Soldati (2016) 2) Based on Table 1‐3 of California’s Water – Energy Relationship, California Energy Commission (2005) Las Virgenes Municipal Water District www.LVMWD.com Project Benefits Improved customer service Expedite monthly customer usage reporting and billing Enhanced water budget implementation Assistance with billing disputes and claims resolution Improved personnel safety (i.e. no need to repeatedly lift meter lids) Detection of meter -
Automatic Meter Reading and Load Management Using Power Line
ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765 ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875 International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 3, Issue 5, May 2014 Automatic Meter Reading and Load Management Using Power Line Carrier Communication M V Aleyas1, Nishin Antony2, Sandeep T3, Sudheesh Kumar M4, Vishnu Balakrishnan5 Professor, Dept of EEE, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, India1 Student, Dept of EEE, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, India 2,3,4,5 ABSTRACT: Energy crisis is the main problem faced by present day society. A suitable system to control the energy usage is one of the solutions for this crisis. Load shedding, power cut etc. helps to rearrange the available power but they can't be used to prevent the unwanted usage of energy, peak time load control etc. Also a system is needed to monitor the power consumption of an overall area to select the areas to suitably control the energy usage. One of the easiest solutions for this is by using power line communication. PLC is the communication technology that enables sending data over existing power cables. This means that with just power cables running to an electrical device, one can power it up and at the same time control/retrieve data from the device in full duplex manner. The major advantage of PLC is that it does not need extra cables. It uses existing wires. Thus by using power line communication we can monitor and control the usage of devices by providing a control the usage of devices by providing a control circuit at consumer end. -
Guide to Supply and Metering Arrangement on Customer's
GUIDE TO SUPPLY AND METERING ARRANGEMENT ON CUSTOMER’S INTERNAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CLP POWER HONG KONG LIMITED DATE REVISED: August 2017 Version 8 – 08/17 Guide to Supply and Metering Arrangement on Customer’s Internal Distribution System 1. Acceptance of Customer’s Schematic Wiring Diagram This Guide shall be read in conjunction with the attached wiring diagram / drawing(s) returned herewith to the Developer / Customer. CLP Power Hong Kong Ltd. (CLP) accepts the diagram(s) / drawing(s) on condition that they comply with all requirements stated in the Guide. The scope of acceptance is confined to the Developer / Customer’s internal distribution system only. The interfacing arrangement between CLP’s and Developer / Customer’s supply systems shall be agreed separately with CLP Regions. The summation metering system, if any, shall be agreed separately with CLP. 2. Ratings and Protection Facilities of Main Incoming Circuit Breaker (MICB) Where the supply is to be taken directly from CLP transformer, the MICB shall be of draw-out type and rated at 40kA at low voltage. Earth Fault Protection Each MICB shall be provided with suitable protective device so that in the event of an earth fault between any phase and earth conductors, it shall disconnect the supply automatically within 5 seconds. Over-current Protection The over-current protection relays of each MICB shall be so selected and set that they will operate at a speed not slower than the “maximum time current characteristic curve of customer LV over-current protective relays” shown on the diagram on appendix 1. The over-current relay having flexible operating characteristics and complying with standards recognized by EMSD is recommended to be used at customer’s MICBs. -
Billing & Revenue Metering
BILLING & REVENUE METERING SMART SYSTEMS Time of Use (TOU) Billing Systems Value Proposition Solution Advantages Energy distribution and tenant billing SATEC Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) Additional profit center allows up to 40% markup and fast return on system includes various energy meters, Space and cost savings investment (ROI) with an effective techno- bi-directional communication and Automatic Operation financial solution. comprehensive software for remote Energy Saving management, online control and billing. Complete outsourced service Shopping Residential Commercial Data Centers Projects Buildings Centers & Malls Hi-Tec & Public Universities & Industrial Hospitals Buildings Student Dorms Facilities Independent Hotels & Renewable Military Power Holiday Energy Plants Facilities Producers Resorts (IPPs) 2 The Experts in Energy Billing SATEC was established in 1987 and recently after introduced a Communication infrastructure for automatic continuous multi-function digital electricity meter, which was a new concept collection of data through various options – wired (RS-232, RS- at that time. Today the company is a world leader in the field of 485, Ethernet) or wireless (Cellular or license-free RF) energy management, power quality monitoring and substation The information is sent over the Internet to a secured central automation with offices in the USA, Israel, Spain, Russia, India, server running ExpertPower™ software on the cloud. This Singapore, Japan, China and Australia. In addition, SATEC allows high availability and simultaneous access to all relevant solutions are promoted in over 60 countries via over 100 business personnel, based on personal access permissions. partners. Dedicated project managers, together with SATEC's technical In 2006 SATEC established the Billing department, which is support team, carry out system setup, tenant definition and dedicated to energy distribution and billing. -
Smart Meter Monitoring: Using HP Arcsight in the Utility Industry Tom Hayes, Principal Consultant – Energy / SCADA Solutions Lead
Smart meter monitoring: Using HP ArcSight in the utility industry Tom Hayes, Principal Consultant – Energy / SCADA Solutions Lead #HPProtect © Copyright 2014 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Introduction © Copyright 2014 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. “The era of pilots is a distant memory; the current focus is now on integrating and optimizing information gathered by smart meters…” Utility-Scale Smart Meter Deployments Innovation Electricity Efficiency Institute of the Edison Foundation August 2013 © Copyright 2014 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Electric utilities 4 © Copyright 2014 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Electric utility industry overview Introduction • Change and modernization • Grid complexity • Demand must equal supply (usually…) 5 © Copyright 2014 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Terminology Electric power delivery components Energy grid – an interconnected network used to deliver power from producers to consumers. At a high-level, the electric grid consists of three elements. Generation – Where the power is generated. Traditionally, this was the large coal, nuclear, or natural gas generation facility. The network that became the modern grid was designed to move power from these facilities to the consumers. Generation is now becoming much more complex as alternative technologies are pushing power onto the grid at many locations (wind farms, solar panels on home roofs) 6 © Copyright 2014 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. -
Sel Application Guide
CASE STUDY Dairyland Power Cooperative—La Crosse, Wisconsin Multitasking Metering System Enhances Dairyland Power’s Widespread Generation and Transmission Operations Advanced, multifunction meters and wide-area IP (Internet Protocol) communications improve metering and power quality data collection at a Wisconsin power generation and transmission cooperative. Advancements in products that leverage converging technologies have created significant opportunities throughout the power systems industry. With communi- cations-related advancements, the right choice of solutions can extend return on investment (ROI) via expanded power system benefits. Such has been the case at Dairyland Power Cooperative (DPC), head- quartered in La Crosse, Wisconsin. In 2004 DPC, a 1,000 MW generation and transmission cooperative, was experiencing Figure 1—DPC produces in excess of 1,000 MW of electric diminished service within its analog power from hydro and coal-fired plants and from waste-to- energy plants using renewable resources, such as animal cellular-based data communications system, waste-to-energy conversion shown above and landfill with the possibility of no further service methane recovery (shown below). The customer area covers 62 counties in 4 states (Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and beyond February 2008. Illinois). DPC provides power for 25 member cooperatives and 20 municipalities who serve over 500,000 customers. A Touchstone Energy affiliate, DPC’s service area encompasses 62 counties in 4 states (Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and Illinois). The cooperative owns and operates over 3,100 miles of transmission lines and 348 substations. The cooperative produces electric power from a variety of sources, including hydro and coal-fired plants plus Figure 2—DPC owns over 3,100 miles of renewable resources, such as landfill transmission lines and 348 substations like methane recovery and animal waste-to- the one shown in the above photograph. -
City Utilities the City of Fredericksburg’S Public in Fredericksburg, We Purchase Elec- Home
Fredericksburg MUNICIPAL MESSENGER Volume 8 Number Four December, 2012 City Utilities The City of Fredericksburg’s Public In Fredericksburg, we purchase Elec- home. over 500 fire hydrants, and over 130 Works Department provides electric, tricity from LCRA. LCRA generates The City’s water system was built in miles of water mains. This infrastruc- sewer, wastewater and garbage dis- electricity at a coal fired power plant 1936. Prior to that time, residents and ture allows for the chlorination and posal to the citizens of Fredericksburg. in Fayette County, two natural gas businesses received water from pri- distribution of water throughout the As a public utility, the City of Freder- fired plants in Marble Falls and vate wells. Currently water is supplied City of Fredericksburg. icksburg’s utility department serves Bastrop, one combined-cycle gas fired by city owned wells. There are 6050 all customers on equal terms, operat- plant in Bastrop, hydroelectric power water service accounts. The City of ing safely and satisfactorily while at Highland Lakes Dam, and purchases The City of Fredericksburg also oper- Fredericksburg’s water system is rated ates its own 2.5 MGD Wastewater charging rates that are reasonable and wind power from West Texas wind superior by Texas regulators. fair. projects. Treatment Plant. The infrastructure Fredericksburg’s water is supplied by The City of Fredericksburg became a Power from these plants is sent that makes up the City’s sanitary sew- municipal utility in 1940 when it pur- through transformers across Texas several groundwater wells located in er system includes over a thousand chased the electric utility system from which push power long distances. -
RF Based Energy Meter Reading in Covid-19 Pandemic Rupatakke Madhusudan1, Mirza Naveed2, Mali Vikrant3, Sonawane Divyashri4, Satre
ISSN 2321 3361 © 2020 IJESC Research Article Volume 10 Issue No.11 RF Based Energy Meter Reading in Covid-19 Pandemic Rupatakke Madhusudan1, Mirza Naveed2, Mali Vikrant3, Sonawane Divyashri4, Satre. J. V`5 Student BE Electrical1, 2, 3, 4, Assistant Professor5 Trinity College of Engineering and Research, India Abstract: In this paper we explain practical model of Pulse Detection and Electric Metering System based on the Radio Frequency (RF). This device have one Microcontroller, LCD, RF transceiver module, energy meter and relay for connecting Load. This project works within the range of 50 meters. This Radio Frequency (RF) based Pulse Detection and Electric Metering System is used for clear and accurate billing based on actual consumption and can follow social distancing during covid situation reader can collect reading from safe distance. Keywords: Power Consumption, Billing, Radio Frequency, Power Theft, Energy Meter. I. INTRODUCTION: determined for the MSEB worker to require the meter reading. worker goes each house and takes the pic of meters because of Traditional meter reading for electricity consumption and asking which period needed is increase for snap of every house meter is completed by human operator from homes to homes and reading. of these photos have to be compelled to submit at building to assembling. this needs vast variety of labor operators MSEB workplace and therefore the meter readings are saved by and long operating hour to realize complete space knowledge different staff of MESB to get electricity bill. throughout this reading and asking. Human operator asking ar vulnerable to whole method manual mistakes could also be takes place. -
Wireless Middleware Solutions for Smart Water Metering
sensors Article Wireless Middleware Solutions for Smart Water Metering Stefano Alvisi 1 , Francesco Casellato 1, Marco Franchini 1 , Marco Govoni 1, Chiara Luciani 1, Filippo Poltronieri 1,* , Giulio Riberto 1, Cesare Stefanelli 1 and Mauro Tortonesi 2 1 Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (F.C.); [email protected] (M.F.); [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (G.R.); [email protected] (C.S.) 2 Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: fi[email protected]; Tel.: +39-0532-97-4114 Received: 14 January 2019; Accepted: 16 April 2019; Published: 18 April 2019 Abstract: While smart metering applications have initially focused on energy and gas utility markets, water consumption has recently become the subject of increasing attention. Unfortunately, despite the large number of solutions available on the market, the lack of an open and widely accepted communication standard means that vendors typically propose proprietary data collection solutions whose adoption causes non-trivial problems to water utility companies in term of costs, vendor lock-in, and lack of control on the data collection infrastructure. There is the need for open and interoperable smart water metering solutions, capable of collecting data from the wide range of water meters on the market. This paper reports our experience in the development and field testing of a highly interoperable smart water metering solution, which we designed in collaboration with several water utility companies and which we deployed in Gorino Ferrarese, Italy, in collaboration with CADF (Consorzio Acque Delta Ferrarese), the water utility serving the city. -
2019 Watersmart Water and Energy Efficiency Project Descriptions
2019 WaterSMART Water and Energy Efficiency Grants Arizona Colorado River Indian Tribes, Colorado River Irrigation Project SCADA System Modernization Reclamation Funding: $250,000 Total Project Funding: $500,000 The Colorado River Indian Tribes, located in southwest Arizona, will modernize its Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system on the Colorado River Irrigation Project, including the replacement of 17 pieces of legacy radio telemetry equipment with new high-speed radio telemetry units and 5 remote terminal units. To best utilize the new SCADA system, a new computer and the appropriate software are also included as part of the project. These measures will enable enhanced irrigation water control and management, which are expected to result in annual water savings of 10,000 acre-feet that is currently lost to operational spills and evaporation. This area of Arizona is vulnerable to drought and the Tribes rely on the Colorado River as their sole source of water. The water conserved will be utilized by the Tribes primarily to meet demands on the Reservation, within the limits of their existing water rights. Grover's Hill Irrigation District, GHID Water Delivery Improvement Project Reclamation Funding: $1,500,000 Total Project Funding: $3,141,115 The Grover's Hill Irrigation District, located in Apache County, Arizona, will replace 5.95 miles of existing earthen canals with pressurized high-density polyethylene pipe. The District will also install pressure control valves and 21 flow meters to measure water usage. The District estimates that 51% of their system volume is currently lost due to seepage and evaporation. Once complete, the project is expected to result in annual water savings of 1,705 acre-feet. -
Metering Secondary Water in Residential Irrigation Systems
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2009 Metering Secondary Water in Residential Irrigation Systems Gregory L. Richards Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Richards, Gregory L., "Metering Secondary Water in Residential Irrigation Systems" (2009). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 391. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/391 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. METERING SECONDARY WATER IN RESIDENTIAL IRRIGATION SYSTEMS by Gregory L. Richards A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Civil and Environmental Engineering Approved: _________________________ _________________________ Michael C. Johnson Steven L. Barfuss Major Professor Committee Member _________________________ _________________________ R. Ryan Dupont Byron R. Burnham Committee Member Dean of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2009 ii ABSTRACT Metering Secondary Water in Residential Irrigation Systems by Gregory L. Richards, Master of Science Utah State University, 2009 Major Professor: Michael C. Johnson Department: Civil and Environmental Engineering The use of residential secondary or dual water systems for irrigation purposes is common in the western United States where water supplies are scarce. While the use of non-potable water in secondary systems has successfully curtailed demands on potable systems, experience has shown that overall water use actually increases with the introduction of a secondary supply because users commonly pay a fixed fee and have unlimited water use.