RF Based Energy Meter Reading in Covid-19 Pandemic Rupatakke Madhusudan1, Mirza Naveed2, Mali Vikrant3, Sonawane Divyashri4, Satre

Research Article Volume 10 Issue No.11

RF Based Energy Meter Reading in Covid-19 Pandemic Rupatakke Madhusudan1, Mirza Naveed2, Mali Vikrant3, Sonawane Divyashri4, Satre. J. V`5 Student BE Electrical1, 2, 3, 4, Assistant Professor5 Trinity College of Engineering and Research, India

Abstract: In this paper we explain practical model of Pulse Detection and Electric Metering System based on the Radio Frequency (RF). This device have one Microcontroller, LCD, RF transceiver module, energy meter and relay for connecting Load. This project works within the range of 50 meters. This Radio Frequency (RF) based Pulse Detection and Electric Metering System is used for clear and accurate billing based on actual consumption and can follow social distancing during covid situation reader can collect reading from safe distance.

Keywords: Power Consumption, Billing, Radio Frequency, Power Theft, Energy Meter.

I. INTRODUCTION: determined for the MSEB worker to require the meter reading. worker goes each house and takes the pic of meters because of Traditional meter reading for electricity consumption and asking which period needed is increase for snap of every house meter is completed by human operator from homes to homes and reading. of these photos have to be compelled to submit at building to assembling. this needs vast variety of labor operators MSEB workplace and therefore the meter readings are saved by and long operating hour to realize complete space knowledge different staff of MESB to get electricity bill. throughout this reading and asking. Human operator asking ar vulnerable to whole method manual mistakes could also be takes place. reading error as someday the homes wattage meter is place in a very location wherever it's not simply accessible. Labor asking II. BLOCK DIAGRAM: job is someday conjointly restricted and bogged down by weather condition. the rise development of residential housing and industrial building within the developing country need additional human operators and longer operating hours to complete the meter reading task. This will increase the energy supplier operation prices for meter reading. so as to realize economical meter reading, cut back asking error and operation prices, Wireless automatic meter reading system play a vital role. Wireless automatic meter reading is an efficient mean of information assortment that enable substantial saving through the reduction of meter re-read, bigger knowledge accuracy, enable frequent reading, improved asking and client service, additional timely energy profiles and consumption trends updates and higher employment of human resource.

History of MSEB Billing: In earlier system, MSEB worker come back at shopper’s place to notice down the meter reading then submit it to MSEB workplace, then electricity bills are generated. that point meters used was recent analogue sort. at that time re-creation of The slave aspect consists of energy meter that is fastened in analogue meters was developed having disc structure. With this every house to counts the quantity of unit consumed and sends it meter the reading was generated relying upon the amount of to microcontroller. The diagram of salve aspect is shown in Fig. rotation of the disc. however once some amount it absolutely The microcontroller takes continuous reading from energy meter was found that there's stealing of energy. Therefore, there was with the assistance of signal conducting circuit within the kind increase in loss of energy client. Afterwards to beat issues of the of pulses. Microcontroller displays this reading on the 16*2 analogue meters the digital electronic meters are generated. This character set digital display and transmits meter reading and meter works on the principle of sunshine emitting diode. For meter ID unendingly with the assistance of RF transmitter and request, MSEB worker come back and takes down the RS232. there's one optimization. The transceiver module is in photocopy of the meter reading and submits it to the MSEB sleep mode it'll be in active mode only the switch within the workplace. however once more there was prevalence of manual MSEB vehicle is ON. Then it transmits the meter reading. The mistakes. within the past meter reading system, each space circuit diagram of Slave aspect is as shown in Fig.

IJESC, November 2020 27452 http:// ijesc.org/ send to the MSEB office using GSM module. By using GPRS these readings will upload on website of MSEB. And bills are generated for every consumer with particular meter ID which provided to it. So, the bill is available for all the consumer on the website and consumer can cross check the bill.

Explanation:

MCT2E – Optocoupler: -

The circuitry fitted in MSEB vehicle is known Master Side. Vehicle moves in particular areas which decided by MSEB office depending upon radio frequency range and collect all the meter reading of specified area. Features Circuit Diagram: COMPATIBLE WITH STANDARD TTL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Slave Side (House Unit): •Gallium Arsenide Diode Infrared Source Optically Coupled to a Silicon npn Phototransistor • High Direct-Current Transfer Ratio • Base Lead Provided for Conventional Transistor Biasing • High-Voltage Electrical Isolation . . . 1.5-kV, or 3.55-kV Rating • Plastic Dual-In-Line Package • High-Speed Switching: tr=5 us, tf=5 us Typical • Designed to be Interchangeable with General Instruments MCT2 and MCT2E Package Type –6-Pin DIP • Model: TPS-00138 In electronics, an opto-isolator (or optical isolator, optocoupler, photocoupler, or photoMOS) is a device that uses a short optical

Master Side (MSEB Vehicle): transmission path to transfer a signal between elements of a circuit, typically a transmitter and a receiver, while keeping them electrically isolated — since the signal goes from an electrical signal to an optical signal back to an electrical signal, electrical contact along the path is broken.

When switch is in ON mode the RF transceiver module receives meter reading with the help of RS232.This reading sends to microcontroller and display on LCD. With the help of save option, all these meter readings are saved with corresponding 1. Power supply regulator meter ID. After this, the meter reading and Meter ID are sends to 2. Digital logic inputs MSEB office for further billing. The saved meter reading will 3. Microprocessor inputs

IJESC, November 2020 27453 http:// ijesc.org/ - V+ (2) is also connected to VCC via a capacitor (C3). V-(6) is connected to GND via a capacitor (C4). And GND (15) and VCC (16) are also connected by a capacitor (C5), as close as possible to the pins.

Specifications • Operates from a Single 5-V Power Supply With 1.0-µF Charge-Pump Capacitors • Operates up to 120 kbit • Two Drivers and Two Receivers • ±30-V Input Levels • Low Supply Current: 8 mA Typical The MAX232 from Maxim was the first IC which in one • ESD Protection Exceeds JESD 22 – 2000-V Human-Body package contains the necessary drivers (two) and receivers (also Model (A114-A) two), to adapt the RS-232 signal voltage levels to TTL logic. It • Upgrade with Improved ESD (15-kV HBM) and 0.1-µF became popular, because it just needs one voltage (+5V) and Charge-Pump Capacitors is Available With the MAX202 Device generates the necessary RS-232 voltage levels (approx. -10V and +10V) internally. This greatly simplified the design of circuitry. Circuitry designers no longer need to design and build • Battery Powered RS 232 Systems a power supply with three voltages (e.g. -12V, +5V, and +12V), • Interface Translation but could just provide one +5V power supply, e.g. with the help • Low Power Modems of a simple 78x05 voltage regulator. MAX232 is a widely • RS 232 Networks (Multidrop) known IC used for establishing serial communication between Microcontrollers and Personal Computers (PC). This IC is used - to convert TTL/CMOS logic levels to RS232 Logic levels during the process of serial communication. Usually a Microcontroller operates at TTL (Transistor Logic) of about 0- 5V whereas a PC works on RS232 standards that is (-25 to +25V). So, it is not possible to interface a PC directly with a Microcontroller and this is exactly where a MAX232 IC comes into Play. A similar IC, the MAX3232 is nowadays available for low-power 3V logic. LCD stands for liquid crystal display. LCD used is 16 by 2. It contains the 16 pin. 8 pin is used for data communication, read, write, enable, Brightness control and 4 pins for power supply. It is used to display data.

descriptions: Data lines of LCD are connected to port C of atmega16l microcontroller. D0-D7 is used to send information. The pin 4(RS) RS is connected to port 2.1. register select pin is used to select command code register if it is “0” and data register if it is “1”. Pin 5(RW) is connected to port 2.2. If read/write pin is ‘1’ controller will read busy flag from LCD and if it is “0” then it will write the data. The pin 6(E) is connected to port 2.3. The enable pin is used to latch the information in LCD

FEATURES of LCD 16 Characters x 2 Lines 5x7 Dot Matrix Character + Cursor 4-bit or 8-bit MPU Interface Standard Type

Works with almost any Microcontroller Mostly MAX232 used in 16-pin DIP package. It consists of 3 Great Value Pricing major blocks. It can only be powered by 5 volts to make it Maximum input voltage: 5.3VDC power supply compatible with most of the embedded systems. First block is the voltage doubler in this ic switched capacitor - techniques is used to make the voltage double. Once the voltage The input to the circuit is applied from the regulated power is doubled second block will converts that voltage to +10 and - supply. The a.c. input i.e., 230V from the mains supply is step 10. The third block consists of 2 transmitters and 2 receivers down by the transformer to 12V and is fed to a rectifier. The which actually convert the voltage levels. output obtained from the rectifier is a pulsating d.c voltage. So,

IJESC, November 2020 27454 http:// ijesc.org/ in order to get a pure d.c voltage, the output voltage from the - rectifier is fed to a filter to remove any a.c components present Capacitive filter is used in this project. It removes the ripples even after rectification. Now, this voltage is given to a voltage from the output of rectifier and smoothens the D.C. Output regulator to obtain a pure constant dc voltage. received from this filter is constant until the mains voltage and load is maintained constant. However, if either of the two is varied, D.C. voltage received at this point changes. Therefore, a regulator is applied at the output stage

- - Usually, DC voltages are required to operate various electronic WHAT IS RF? equipment and these voltages are 5V, 9V or 12V. But these Radio frequency (RF) is a frequency or rate of oscillation within voltages cannot be obtained directly. Thus, the a.c input the range of about 3 Hz to 300 GHz. This range corresponds to available at the mains supply i.e., 230Vis to be brought down to frequency of alternating current electrical signals used to the required voltage level. This is done by a transformer. Thus, a produce and detect radio waves. Since most of this range is step-down transformer is employed to decrease the voltage to a beyond the vibration rate that most mechanical systems can required level. respond to, RF usually refers to oscillations in electrical circuits

or electromagnetic radiation. -

The output from the transformer is fed to the rectifier. It PROPERTIES OF RF: converts A.C. into pulsating D.C. The rectifier may be a half Electrical currents that oscillate at RF have special properties not wave or a full wave rectifier. In this project, a bridge rectifier is shared by direct current signals. One such property is the ease used because of its merits like good stability and full wave with which it can ionize air to create a conductive path through rectification. air. This property is exploited by 'high frequency' units used in

electric arc welding. Another special property is an electromagnetic force that drives the RF current to the surface of conductors, known as the skin effect. Another property is the ability to appear to flow through paths that contain insulating material, like the dielectric insulator of a capacitor. The degree of effect of these properties depends on the frequency of the signals.

1. No line of sight is needed. 2. Not blocked by common materials: It can penetrate most solids and pass through walls.

3. Longer range. The Bridge rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac voltage to 4. It is not sensitive to the light. dc voltage using both half cycles of the input ac voltage. The 5. It is not much sensitive to the environmental changes and Bridge rectifier circuit is shown in the figure. The circuit has weather conditions. four diodes connected to form a bridge. The ac input voltage is applied to the diagonally opposite ends of the bridge. The load RF Transmitter STT-433MHz: - resistance is connected between the other two ends of the bridge. For the positive half cycle of the input ac voltage, diodes D1 and D3 conduct, whereas diodes D2 and D4 remain in the OFF state. The conducting diodes will be in series with the load resistance RL and hence the load current flows through RL. For the negative half cycle of the input ac voltage, diodes D2 and D4 conduct whereas, D1 and D3 remain OFF. The conducting diodes D2 and D4 will be in series with the load resistance RL and hence the current flows through RL in the same direction as in the previous half cycle. Thus, a bi-directional wave is converted into a unidirectional wave.

IJESC, November 2020 27455 http:// ijesc.org/ PIN DESCRIPTION: • The STT-433 is ideal for remote control applications where low cost and longer range is required. • The transmitter operates from a1.5-12V supply, making it ideal for battery-powered applications. • The transmitter employs a SAW-stabilized oscillator, ensuring accurate frequency control for best range performance. • The manufacturing-friendly SIP style package and low-cost make the STT-433 suitable 1. ANT • for high volume applications. Antenna input.

Features 2. GND • 433.92 MHz Frequency Receiver Ground. Connect to ground plane. • Low Cost • 1.5-12V operation 3. VCC (5V) • Small size VCC pins are electrically connected and provide operating voltage for the receiver. VCC can be applied to either or both. PIN DESCRIPTION: VCC should be bypassed with a .1μF ceramic capacitor. Noise on the power supply will degrade receiver sensitivity.

4. DATA Digital data output. This output is capable of driving one TTL or CMOS load. It is a CMOS compatible output.

Features: • Operating voltage: 2.4V~12V. • Low power and high noise immunity CMOS technology. • Low standby current. • Capable of decoding 18 bits of information. 1. GND • Pairs with HOLTEK’s 318 series of encoders. Transmitter ground. Connect to ground plane • 8~18 address pins. • 0~8 data pins 2. DATA Digital data input. This input is CMOS compatible and should MICROCONTROLLERS: - be driven with CMOS level inputs. Microprocessors and microcontrollers are widely used in embedded systems products. Microcontroller is a programmable 3. VCC device. A microcontroller has a CPU in addition to a fixed Operating voltage for the transmitter. VCC should be bypassed amount of RAM, ROM, I/O ports and a timer embedded all on a with a .01uF ceramic capacitor and filtered with a 4.7uF single chip. The fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM and tantalum capacitor. Noise on the power supply will degrade number of I/O ports in microcontrollers makes them ideal for transmitter noise performance. many applications in which cost and space are critical. The Intel 8052 is Harvard architecture, single chip microcontroller (µC) 4. ANT which was developed by Intel in 1980 for use in embedded 50-ohm antenna output. The antenna port impedance affects systems. It was popular in the 1980s and early 1990s, but today output power and harmonic emissions. Antenna can be single it has largely been superseded by a vast range of enhanced core wire of approximately 17cm length or PCB trace antenna. devices with 8052-compatible processor cores that are manufactured by more than 20 independent manufacturers RF Receiver STR-433 MHz: - including Atmel, Infineon Technologies and Maxim Integrated Products. 8052 is an 8-bit processor, meaning that the CPU can work on only 8 bits of data at a time. Data larger than 8 bits has to be broken into 8-bit pieces to be processed by the CPU. 8052 is available in different memory types such as UV-EPROM, Flash and NV-RAM. The present project is implemented on Keil uVision. In order to program the device, preload tool has been used to burn the program onto the microcontroller. The features, pin description of the microcontroller and the software tools used are discussed in the following sections. The data is received by the RF receiver from the antenna pin and 1. AT 89S52 MICROCONTROLLER: - this data is available on the data pins. Two Data pins are The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit provided in the receiver module. Thus, this data can be used for microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash further applications memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-

IJESC, November 2020 27456 http:// ijesc.org/ density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are the industry- standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on- externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in- the internal pullups. In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. configured to be the timer/counter 2 external count input By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system (P1.0/T2) and the timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/T2EX), programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 respectively, as shown in the following table. Port 1 also is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and cost-effective solution to many embedded control and verification. applications. The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to 5. Port 2 continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 PIN DIAGRAM: pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @ DPTR). In this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that uses 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification.

6. Port 3 Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89S52, as shown in the following table. Port 3 also receives some control signals for 1. VCC Flash programming and verification. Supply voltage.

2. GND Ground.

3. Port 0 Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high impedance inputs. Port

0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed low order 7. RST address/data bus during accesses to external program and data Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the memory. In this mode, P0 has internal pullups. Port 0 also oscillator is running resets the device. This pin drives High for receives the code bytes during Flash programming and outputs 96 oscillator periods after the Watchdog times out. The DISRTO the code bytes during program verification. External pull-ups are bit in SFR AUXR (address 8EH) can be used to disable this required during program verification. feature. In the default state of bit DISRTO, the RESET HIGH out feature is enabled. 4. Port 1 Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The 8. ALE/PROG Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s Address Latch Enable (ALE) is an output pulse for latching the are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the internal low byte of the address during accesses to external memory.

IJESC, November 2020 27457 http:// ijesc.org/ This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash • Three 16-bit Timer/Counters programming. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant • Eight Interrupt Sources rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency and may be used for external • Full Duplex UART Serial Channel timing or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse • Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes is skipped during each access to external data memory. If • Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR • Watchdog Timer location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a • Dual Data Pointer MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly • Power-off Flag pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode. 2. ATMEGA8A-PU Microcontroller: -

9. PSEN Program Store Enable (PSEN) is the read strobe to external program memory. When the AT89S52 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory.

10. EA/VPP External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program The ATmega8A is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. Note, based on the AVR RISC architecture. By executing powerful however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega8A achieves latched on reset. EA should be strapped to VCC for internal throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz, allowing the system program executions. This pin also receives the 12-volt designer to optimize power consumption versus processing programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash programming. speed. The high-performance, low-power Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 8KB ISP flash memory 11. XTAL1 with read-while-write capabilities, 512B EEPROM, 1KB Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose internal clock operating circuit. working registers, three flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, serial programmable 12. XTAL2 USART, a byte oriented two-wire serial interface, 6-channel 10- Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier. XTAL1 and bit A/D converter (8-channel in TQFP and QFN/MLF XTAL2 are the input and output, respectively, of an inverting packages), programmable watchdog timer with internal amplifier that can be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator, oscillator, SPI serial port, and five software selectable power as shown in Figure. Either a quartz crystal or ceramic resonator saving modes. The device operates between 2.7-5.5 volts. By may be used. To drive the device from an external clock source, executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the XTAL2 should be left unconnected while XTAL1 is driven, as device achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz, shown in the below figure. There are no requirements on the balancing power consumption and processing speed. duty cycle of the external clock signal, since the input to the internal clocking circuitry is through a divide-by-two flip-flop, Features: but minimum and maximum voltage high and low time • Flash: 8Kbytes specifications must be observed. • EEPROM: 512 Bytes • SRAM: 1024 Bytes • Max I/O Pins: 23 • Frequency Max: 16 MHz • VCC: 2.7-5.5 • 10-bit A/D Channels: 6 • Analog Comparator: Yes • 16-bit Timers:1 • 8-bit Timer: 2 Brown Out Detector: Yes • Features: • Ext Interrupts: 2 • Compatible with MCS-51® Products • Hardware Multiplier: Yes • 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory • Interrupts:18 – Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles • ISP: Yes • 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range • On Chip Oscillator: Yes • Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz • PWM Channels: 3 • Three-level Program Memory Lock • RTC:Yes • 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM • Self-Program Memory:Yes • 32 Programmable I/O Lines • SPI: 1

IJESC, November 2020 27458 http:// ijesc.org/ • TWI: Yes 16.To check for the output, there are several windows like serial • UART:1 window, memory window, project window etc. Depending on the program you have written, select the appropriate window to Software Tools: - see the output by entering into debug mode. KEIL SOFTWARE: 17. The icon with the letter “d” indicates the debug mode. Keil compiler is a software used where the machine language 18. Click on this icon and now click on the option “View” and code is written and compiled. After compilation, the machine select the appropriate window to check for the output. source code is converted into hex code which is to be dumped 19. After this is done, click the icon “debug” again to come out into the microcontroller for further processing. Keil compiler of the debug mode. also supports C language code. 20. The hex file created as shown earlier will be dumped into the microcontroller with the help of another software called Proload.

PROGRAM IN KEIL AND HOW TO COMPILE IT: III. CONCLUSION: 1. Install the Keil Software in the PC in any of the drives. 2. After installation, an icon will be created with the name “Keil The main purpose of implementing this idea is to reduce man uVision3”. Just drag this icon onto the desktop so that it power, reduce the cost for taking meter reading and also increase becomes easy whenever you try to write programs in keil. accuracy of the electricity billing system. The idea of this 3. Double click on this icon to start the keil compiler. technology overcomes the difficulties arises with earlier billing 4. A page opens with different options in it showing the project system such as lengthy process, inaccurate meter reading, workspace at the leftmost corner side, output window in the requirement of man power and labor cost, and time consuming. bottom and an ash colored space for the program to be written. So, this new technology of Wireless MSEB Meter Reading 5. Now to start using the keil, click on the option “project”. Vehicle is advantageous in our life. 6. A small window opens showing the options like new project, import project, open project etc. Click on “New project”. IV. REFERENCES: 7. A small window with the title bar “Create new project” opens. The window asks the user to give the project name with which it [1].Terry Chandler, “The Technology Development of Automa should be created and the destination location. The project can tic Metering and Monitoring Systems”, The seventh Internati be created in any of the drives available. You can create a new onal Power Engineering Conference, pp. 147-150, Nov. 2005. folder and then a new file or can create directly a new file. 8. After the file is saved in the given destination location, a [2]. R. Tahboub, V. Lazarescu, “Novel Approach for Remoter window opens where a list of vendors will be displayed and you Energy Metering Reading using Mobile Agents”, third Interna have to select the device for the target you have created. tional Conference on Information Technology, New Generation, 9.The most widely used vendor is Atmel. So, click on Atmel and pp. 84-89, Apr. 2006. now the family of microcontrollers manufactured by Atmel opens. You can select any one of the microcontrollers according [3].Ingeborg Graabak, Ove S. Grande, Jussi Ikaheimo and Seppo to the requirement. Karkkainen, “Establishment of Automatic Meter Reading and 10. When you click on any one of the microcontrollers, the Load Management, Experiences and Cost/Benefit”, 2004 features of that particular microcontroller will be displayed on International Conference on Power System Technology, pp. the right side of the page. The most appropriate microcontroller 1333-1338, Nov. 2004. with which most of the projects can be implemented is the AT89S52. Click on this microcontroller and have a look at its [4].Mohammad Mazidi, AVR Microcontroller, Pearson Publica features. Now click on “OK” to select this microcontroller. tion, 2009 Edition. 11. A small window opens asking whether to copy the startup code into the file you have created just now. Just click on “No” to proceed further. 12. open and in that select “Add files to the source group”. Check for this file where you have saved and add it. 13. Right click on the target and select the first option “Options for target”. A window opens with different options like device, target, output etc. First click on “target”. 14. Since the set frequency of the microcontroller is 11.0592 MHz to interface with the PC, just enter this frequency value in the Xtal (MHz) text area and put a tick on the Use on-chip ROM. This is because the program what we write here in the keil will later be dumped into the microcontroller and will be stored in the inbuilt ROM in the microcontroller. 15. Now click the option “Output” and give any name to the hex file to be created in the “Name of executable” text area and put a tick to the “Create HEX file” option present in the same window. The hex file can be created in any of the drives. You can change the folder by clicking on “Select folder for Objects”.

IJESC, November 2020 27459 http:// ijesc.org/