Reporting Adverse Drug Reactions
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CIOMS ORGANIZATIONS1949 OF MEDICAL SCIENCES COUNCIL FOR INTERNATIONAL REPORTING ADVERSE 1999 REPORTING ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS DRUG ADVERSE REPORTING DRUG REACTIONS DEFINITIONS OF TERMS AND CRITERIA FOR THEIR USE DEFINITIONS OF TERMS AND CRITERIA FOR THEIR USE TERMS AND CRITERIA FOR DEFINITIONS OF CIOMS publications may be obtained direct from CIOMS, c/o World Health Organization, Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. They are also distributed by the World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Unit, Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland and are available from booksellers through the network of WHO sales agents. A list of these agents may be obtained by writing to the above address. Price: SF 35.-- (including CD-ROM) REPORTING ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS Definitions of Terms and Criteria for their Use Geneva Book and CD--Rom Copyright # 1999 by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) ISBN 92 9036 071 2 Printed in Switzerland Reprinted 2000 EDITORIAL GROUP Z. Bankowski R. Bruppacher I. Crusius J. Gallagher G. Kremer J. Venulet The Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) is a nongovernmental organization established jointly by the World Health Organization and UNESCO in 1949, with a mandate to collaborate with the United Nations and its specialized agencies. Its international membership, consisting of international unions and federations of national associations and societies, represents a substantial proportion of the world’s biomedical scientific community. Its secretariat is located in Geneva in offices made available by the World Health Organization. A dominant theme of CIOMS for some time has been the ethical aspects of biomedical technology and the bioethical considerations to be taken into account in determining and implementing health policy. A particular aspect of biomedical technology, the development and use of drugs, has been a second major theme. The independent status of CIOMS has permitted it to coordinate the contributions of research-based pharmaceutical companies, national drug regulatory authorities, and representative bodies of medical specialties to harmonizing and strengthening drug-safety surveillance measures. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements .......................................................xi Foreword ............................................................... xiii Perspectives ............................................................. xv The World Health Organization................................. xv J.E. Ida¨npa¨a¨n-Heikkila¨ Drug Regulatory Authorities ................................... xvi G. Kreutz and M.M. Lumpkin TheViewofa Clinician........................................ xviii Ronald D. Mann The Pharmaceutical Industry .................................... xx W. Aellig, R. Bruppacher, G. Kremer, M. Pfeiffer, W. Spiegl and D. Tancrede Introduction .............................................................. 1 J. Venulet and Z. Bankowski Definitions and Basic Requirements for the Use of Terms for Reporting Adverse Drug Reactions ................................... 9 Skin and Appendages Disorders (SOC 0100) ............................ 9 Introduction........................................................... 9 Terms ................................................................ 10 Dermatitis (Eczema) ............................................. 10 Dermatitis exfoliative ............................................ 10 Fixed drug eruption.............................................. 11 Lichenoid drug eruption......................................... 11 Pustular eruption ................................................ 12 Urticaria / Angioedema.......................................... 12 Erythema multiforme ............................................ 13 Stevens-Johnson syndrome ...................................... 14 Toxic epidermal necrolysis....................................... 14 Photosensitivity reaction......................................... 15 Phototoxic reaction .............................................. 15 Photoallergic reaction............................................ 15 Musculo-Skeletal System Disorders (SOC 0200)....................... 16 Fracture pathological ............................................ 16 Myopathy ........................................................ 16 Myositis .......................................................... 17 Osteoporosis ..................................................... 17 v Collagen Disorders (SOC 0300) ........................................ 19 LE syndrome (Lupus erythematosus syndrome) ................ 19 Retroperitoneal fibrosis.......................................... 20 Vasculitis ......................................................... 21 Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders (SOC 0410)........ 23 General Introduction to Terms Designating Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders and Psychiatric Disorders ....................................... 23 Introduction to Terms Designating Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System ................................. 24 Terms ................................................................ 24 Anticholinergic syndrome ....................................... 24 Choreoathetosis.................................................. 25 Convulsions ...................................................... 26 Dyskinesia ....................................................... 27 Dysphonia ....................................................... 28 Dystonia ......................................................... 28 Encephalopathy.................................................. 29 Extrapyramidal disorder......................................... 29 Gait abnormal ................................................... 30 Hypertonia ....................................................... 30 Hypotonia........................................................ 31 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome................................ 31 Neuropathy ...................................................... 32 Oculogyric crisis ................................................. 33 Paralysis.......................................................... 33 Serotonin syndrome ............................................. 34 Speech disorder .................................................. 34 Vision Disorders (SOC 0431) ........................................... 36 Introduction.......................................................... 36 Terms ................................................................ 36 Cataract .......................................................... 36 Keratitis.......................................................... 36 Retinal disorder.................................................. 37 Vision abnormal ................................................. 37 Hearing and Vestibular Disorders (SOC 0432) ......................... 39 Ototoxicity....................................................... 39 Psychiatric Disorders (SOC 0500)...................................... 40 Introduction.......................................................... 40 Terms ................................................................ 40 Anorexia ......................................................... 40 Apathy........................................................... 41 vi Delirium.......................................................... 41 Depersonalization................................................ 42 Depression ....................................................... 43 Personality disorder.............................................. 43 Psychosis ......................................................... 44 Psychotic reaction................................................ 44 Thinking abnormal .............................................. 44 Thought disturbances............................................ 44 Gastro-Intestinal System Disorders (SOC 0600) ....................... 46 Abdominal pain.................................................. 46 Colitis ............................................................ 46 Colitis collagenous ............................................... 47 Constipation..................................................... 47 Diarrhoea ........................................................ 48 Dyspepsia ........................................................ 48 Gastritis .......................................................... 48 Gastrointestinal haemorrhage ................................... 49 Gastrointestinal infarction, Gastrointestinal necrosis, Gastrointestinal gangrene ..................................... 49 Haematemesis.................................................... 50 Haematochezia................................................... 50 Ileus.............................................................. 50 Intestinal ischaemia .............................................. 51 Intestinal obstruction ............................................ 51 Intestinal perforation ............................................ 52 Intestinal stenosis ................................................ 52 Melaena .......................................................... 53 Pancreatitis....................................................... 53 Peptic ulcer. ...................................................... 54 Peritonitis ........................................................ 55 Stomatitis ........................................................ 56