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Redalyc.Optimization of Operating Systems Towards Green Computing International Journal of Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Informatics E-ISSN: 2007-1558 [email protected] International Journal of Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Informatics México Appasami, G; Suresh Joseph, K Optimization of Operating Systems towards Green Computing International Journal of Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Informatics, vol. 2, núm. 3, septiembre-diciembre, 2011, pp. 39-51 International Journal of Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Informatics Morelos, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=265219635005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative © International Journal of Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Informatics, Vol. 2, No. 3, Sep-Dec 2011, pp. 39-51, ISSN: 2007-1558. Optimization of Operating Systems towards Green Computing Appasami.G Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, Dr. Pauls Engineering College, Affiliated to Anna University – Chennai, Villupuram, Tamilnadu, India E-mail: [email protected] Suresh Joseph.K Assistant Professor, Department of computer science, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Green Computing is one of the emerging computing technology in the field of computer science engineering and technology to provide Green Information Technology (Green IT / GC). It is mainly used to protect environment, optimize energy consumption and keeps green environment. Green computing also refers to environmentally sustainable computing. In recent years, companies in the computer industry have come to realize that going green is in their best interest, both in terms of public relations and reduced costs. Information and communication technology (ICT) has now become an important department for the success of any organization. Making IT “Green” can not only save money but help save our world by making it a better place through reducing and/or eliminating wasteful practices. In this paper we focus on green computing by optimizing operating systems and scheduling of hardware resources. The objectives of the green computing are human power, electrical energy, time and cost reduction with out polluting the environment while developing the software. Operating System (OS) Optimization is very important for Green computing, because it is bridge for both hardware components and Application Soft wares. The important Steps for green computing user and energy efficient usage are also discussed in this paper. Keywords: Optimization of Operating Systems, Green Computing, Green Information Technology, Energy Efficiency. 1 Introduction 1.1. Green computing Green computing is the study and practice of efficient and eco-friendly computing resources with conservation of power energy. In recent years, companies in the computer industry show much more interest in green computing because it saves energy and expenditure cost. In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched Energy Star, a voluntary labeling program which is designed to promote and recognize energy-efficiency in monitors, climate control equipment, and other hardware and Software technologies. This resulted in the widespread adoption of sleep mode among consumer electronics. The term "green computing" was probably coined shortly after the Energy Star program began; there are several USENET posts dating back to 1992 which use the term in this manner. Concurrently, the Swedish organization TCO Development launched the TCO Certification program to promote low magnetic and electrical emissions from CRT-based computer displays; this program was later expanded to include criteria on energy consumption, ergonomics, and the use of hazardous materials in construction. In the article Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices, San Murugesan defines the field of green computing as "the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment [1] [10] [9]. Received June 4, 2011 / Accepted July 1, 2011 Editorial Académica Dragón Azteca (EDITADA.ORG) Appasami.G and Suresh Joseph.K / Optimization of Operating Systems towards Green Computing, IJCOPI Vol. 2, No. 3, Sep-Dec 2011, pp. 39-51. 1.2. Energy Efficiency We will very briefly outline some of the important aspects through which energy efficiency can be pursued in computers. More focus has been put on algorithmic efficiency and optimization. A fast algorithm doesn’t only save time; it also saves loads of computer resources and in turn, energy. Computer power management issues are directly related to the operating system which is used. Most modern operating systems and hardware support the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) standard, which allows power consumption to be enormously reduced when the computer is idle or under low load. Voltages and operating frequencies of most computer parts are scalable in real time, meaning that performance (and power consumption) can be easily adjusted as needed. Big datacenters resort to cooling solutions which involve less air conditioning, like underground installations. The “80 PLUS” power supply industry initiative certifies power supplies that are at least 80% efficient, rather than the typical 70-75%. Power consumption of storage devices can be reduced either by using 2.5″ inch laptop hard disks or, even better, by using the ever- cheaper solid state drives which except for more energy efficient, are also significantly faster. Computer graphics cards consume growing amounts of energy. Many datacenters use computers with absolutely no graphics card as the administration is usually done remotely and no physical display is needed. The nVidia Optimus technology introduced recently also offers power savings by automatically switching from your energy-hungry beast to a more friendly onboard graphics card. Computer monitors are also becoming more energy efficient with the recent introduction of LED backlighting and the less recent introduction of LCD monitors which rendered CRT monitors obsolete. Recycling computer parts, batteries and printer cartridges is also of vital importance [1] [2] [4]. 1.3. General rules to be followed for green computing: · Switching off your computer and turning it on again won’t damage it. In fact, it’s even good for your PC, as computers slow down if they are not rebooted every now and again. · When you are buying a printer, a scanner, or any other device, make sure that it has the Energy Star logo on it. Only the most energy-efficient devices are approved by Energy Star. Using these devices will help you significantly reduce power consumption. · If your computer RAM is struggling, your PC requires more power. The best way to fight this problem is to add more RAM if your computer has the capability. If you are using a 32-bit operating system, then your computer could support up to 3GB of RAM. 64-bit operating systems can support a lot more memory. · In addition to adding RAM, disable unnecessary programs launching on startup, as programs running in the background can consume a lot of memory. · Another way to free up RAM is to optimize Windows services that run in the background. A lot of the default Windows services are never required for home use. Disabling them will make your computer faster and more energy efficient. · Energy efficiency depends on the performance of your computer. If your PC is slow, has lots of errors, and is generally resource-hungry, it consumes a lot of extra energy that could be saved. Keeping your computer well-maintained and optimized will make it more energy efficient and ultimately help the planet. Following these simple tips will help you reduce your monthly electricity bill and do something useful for the planet. The key to green computing can be summarized in one word: efficiency. This word dominates the design, manufacturing, use and disposal phases of all green computing products. Particular emphasis is given to the longetivity of products, since their construction accounts for more than 70% of the ecological footprint a product leaves behind in its lifetime. By increasing its lifetime, this footprint is spread across many years [4] [5] [7]. 1.4. Tips for Green Computing User 1. Turn off your computer at night so it runs only eight hours a day— will reduce energy use by 810 kWh per year and net a Sixty seven percent (67%) annual savings. 2. Plug your computer into a surge protector with a master control outlet, which automatically senses when the computer is not in use and cuts power to it and all your peripherals. 3. Purchase flat-screen monitors—they use significantly less energy and are not as hard on your eyes as CRTs. 40 Appasami.G and Suresh Joseph.K / Optimization of Operating Systems towards Green Computing, IJCOPI Vol. 2, No. 3, Sep-Dec 2011, pp. 39-51. 4. Purchase an Energy Star–compliant computer. Note that laptop models use much less energy than desktop units. 5. Plan your computer-related activities so you can do them all at once, keeping the computer off at other times. 6. Consider a smaller monitor—a 14-inch display uses 40 percent less energy than a 17-inch one. 7. Enable the standby/sleep mode and power management settings on your computer. 8. Forgo the screen saver—it doesn’t save energy or your screen unless you’re using an old monochrome monitor. 9. Review document drafts and e-mails onscreen instead of printing them out. 10. Power off your monitor when you are not using it, instead of using screen savers. 11. Consider using an ink-jet printer—although a bit slower than laser printers, inkjets use 80 to 90 percent less energy. 12. Buy vegetable or non-petroleum-based inks— they are made from renewable resources, require fewer hazardous solvents, and often produce brighter, cleaner colors. 13. Turn off all printers and peripherals unless you are using them.
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