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Rocky Mountain Communication Review Volume Four Issue One Winter 2008 3-15 Civil Rights and the Red Scare Articles Mathew A. Grindy 16-27 From Faithful to Heretics: The Catholic Church’s Response to the Voice of the Faithful Brian T. Kaylor 27-39 A PAT on the Back: Media Flow Theory Revis(it)ed Nicholas David Bowman 40 Director’s Cut Special Sections Rulon Wood 41-46 Bridging the Gap: Performance Ethnography as a Graduate Life Form of Community Building Elena Esquibel & Robert Mejia 47 Call for Papers 49 Acknowledgments 50 In Memoriam The Rocky Mountain Communication Review (ISSN 1542-6394) is published twice yearly by the Department of Communication at the University of Utah, 255 S. Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112. Copyright © 2008. All rights reserved Rocky Mountain Communication Review Volume 4:1 Winter, 2008 Editor’s Note from Sara Mathis, 2007-2008 Congratulations! This issue marks our first ever Winter issue and our move to a semi-annual publication. We are thankful to our authors, reviewers, Executive Board, and most especially the graduate student community whose continued support is helping RMCR excel to new levels. Our submission rates have tripled, our Reviewer Board and Executive Board have expanded, and the scope of scholarship published has broadened! RMCR is quickly finding its niche as an online graduate student journal that produces quality research as well as serves as a resource for graduate students. As always our goal is to publish a diverse body of quality research and this issue is no different. First, our premiere article written by Matthew Grindy, Civil Rights and the Red Scare, provides an exemplary book review and essay on how the civil rights movement can be read through the context of US anti-communist hysteria during the Cold War. Through the identification of several themes present in the three books he reviews, Grindy offers implications for further studies in historical revisionism, public memory, and critical race theory. The publication of this essay is particularly noteworthy as it is a tribute to Matthew’s scholarly prowess, but also his personal perseverance in the face of adversity. Sadly, Mathew lost his battle against bone cancer in February 2008. In From Faithful to Heretics: The Catholic Church’s Response to the Voice of the Faithful, Brian Kaylor renews attention to the Catholic priest abuse crisis which has garnered wide spread media attention over the past 5-7 years. Kaylor offers a rhetorical analysis of how The Voice of the Faithful (VOTF), a group who emerged from within the Catholic Church and criticized the handling of the scandal, were subsequently constructed and (re)defined as heretics by authorities within the church. Nicholas Bowman’s A PAT on the Back: Media Flow Theory Revis(it)ed provides the reader with a well needed synthesis of the literature and theory about media flow. As our amount of leisure time has increased, mass media scholars are continuously debating the psychological aspects of the media entertainment industry’s influence on its consumers. Bowman not only brings together contemporary opinions about media flow theory, he also theorizes how a systems-based framework can further research in understanding the appeals of the mass media as a source of leisure. In his film short, “Director’s Cut,” Ru Wood addresses issues of narrative authority and creative ownership. This piece critiques unscrupulous directors and their power to edit raw footage to fit their vision. However, it also challenges contemporary conceptualizations of truth. We are pleased to offer you this piece as the first publication in our Special Sections and Alternative Scholarship division. Likewise, this issue’s Graduate Student Life section continues RMCR’s effort to offer timely and unique insights from graduate students about challenges faced by graduate students as both scholars and emerging members of an academic community. Elena Esquibel and Robert Mejia’s, “Bridging the Gap: The Performance Ethnography as a Form of Community Building” addresses both the institutional and cultural challenges faced by activist academics and offer timely insights into ways these challenges may be negotiated. Focusing on the performance ethnography as one form of scholarly engagement with rich potential for activism, Esquibel and Mejia offer valuable insights and signal important concerns for scholars concerned with integrating political consciousness with academic inquiry. In closing, I would like to emphasize that this issue could not have come to fruition without the creative capabilities of our new Executive Editorial Board, Michael Middleton, Nicholas Russell, Samantha Senda- Cook, & Daren Brabham. This issue is not the product of one editor or one individual, it is the product of a true team! Thank you also to our outstanding Review Board, who continues to provide in-depth, expert and timely reviews in order to support this journal. RMCR has come so far in this last year, it has been a pleasure and honor to be a part of its progress. 2 Civil Rights and the Red Scare Rocky Mountain Communication Review Volume 4:1, Winter, 2008 Pages 3-15 Mathew A Grindy In an effort to reframe the boundaries of existing literature on the United States Civil Rights Movement, several scholars have positioned the era within the larger context of the Cold War and anti-communist hysteria in the United States. This essay reviews three texts on the subject: Dudz- iak’s (2000) Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy, Borstelmann’s (2001) The Cold War and the Color Line: American Race Relations in the Global Arena, and Woods’ (2004) Black Struggle, Red Scare: Segregation and Anti-Communism in the South, 1948- 1968. Each book handles the Cold War context from a different vantage point, including domestic legal infighting, geopolitical relations, and the rhetorical landscape of the American South. The essay identifies three common themes in the texts. First, each text examines how the Cold War context shaped the Civil Rights Movement with specific attention devoted to different geographi- cal locales: international, U.S.-national, or U.S. South-regional. The second theme identified in the texts is a fear of an ‘other’ as a common stimulant for social change or resistance to it. Fear of communism/communists, outside agitation, integration, and international embarrassment were the primary motivators behind U.S. Civil Rights legislation. The third theme explores how the Cold War-Civil Rights link interrupts the dominant narrative of the Civil Rights Movement whereby society changed as a result of progressive altruism. This last theme is framed within a discussion of historical revisionism, with specific implications for public memory and critical race theory research. The main argument of this essay is that these themes reveal the need for additional com- munication-based critical analysis of the link between Cold War anti-communist sentiment and the U.S. Civil Rights Movement. The essay concludes with an analysis of how the reviewed texts are significant to future research, particularly rhetoric and the Civil Rights Movement. Introduction White woman, Carolyn Bryant. Just four days he nation was watching as racially-charged after the now infamous wolf-whistle in Money, events unfolded in the Mississippi Delta Mississippi, Emmett was kidnapped by Carolyn’s Tin late August and September of 1955. husband, Roy Bryant, and his half-brother J. W. A fourteen-year-old Black youth visiting from Milam. A few days later, a young fisherman found Chicago, Emmett Till, was brutally murdered Till’s corpse in the Tallahatchie River, beaten along the Tallahatchie River. His ‘crime’ was almost beyond recognition and weighted down crossing a Southern racial taboo; whistling at a by a cotton gin fan. Emmett’s mother would later have the body Matthew A. Grindy is a Doctoral Candidate and shipped back to his hometown of Chicago for Director of Forensics in the Dept. of Communica- viewing by thousands of Chicagoans. The visual tion at Florida State University. Matthew wishes horror of the mangled corpse was magnified by to thank the editor and the two anonymous review- its publication in several prominent African- ers for their helpful insights. American media. The Chicago wake was followed by the trial and acquittal of Milam and Bryant 3 Civil Rights and the Red Scare by an all male, all White jury in Mississippi. In response, organizations such as the NAACP The visual horror of lynching violence against tried to politically distance themselves from a fourteen-year-old, combined with the blatant communists out of fear of being discredited. In denial of justice arguably ignited American her recounting of the events surrounding her son’s sentiment against Jim Crow laws laws. Several murder, Mrs. Mamie Till-Mobley (with Benson, scholars contend that it was the reaction to Till’s 2003) notes: “There was so much concern back murder, and not Rosa Parks’ refusal to vacate then about communism…We had to be careful. her bus seat, that sparked the U.S. Civil Rights There was too much at stake” (p. 193). Movement (e.g., Houck, 2005; Hudson-Weems, The case of Emmett Till’s murder is but one 1994). instance where this confrontation occurred and The lynching of Till and the trial of his the linkage between anti-communist rhetoric and murderers galvanized opponents of Southern an emerging U.S. Civil Rights Movement was racial norms, most notably the National manifested. The example of Till demonstrates the Association for the Advancement of Colored dynamic interplay between Cold War fears and People (NAACP). The NAACP’s pursuit of the Civil Rights Movement during the 1950’s and justice and the abolishment of Jim Crow laws, 1960’s. The anti-communist rhetoric of the Cold however, would attract enemies with an array War would come to shape both the proponents of arguments in support of the status quo.