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Chapter 1.1 a Brief History of Video Games Overview First Patent & TV Overview Filmaker history study Orson Welles & Citizen Kane, » Film more successful but Video Games are catching up. Shigeru Mihamoto’s Chapter 1.1 » Donkey Kong A Brief History of Video Games » The Legend of Zelda PPT content from Introduction to Game Time Line Approach Development Other: Robert Bakie (Chapter Author) » http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_video_games Editor Steve Rabin (Jon A Preston) Maria Hybinette, UGA 2 First Patent & TV History Early History 1947 – Thomas Godsmith, Jr. & Estle Ray Mann filed a patent described as 1949-1950 First Bouncing Ball program, not » “Cathode Ray Tube Amusement Device” interactive. – Interactive, simulate firing of air-borne 1952 Graphical Tic Tac Toe by AS Douglas to targets demonstrate human computer interaction. http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/ » EDSAC computer, player competed against a a/Television_Time.htm (television history, 1831 computer. electronic communication, 1862 first transmission of a still image, 1880 Bells photophone to transmit sound, 1900 “television”, 1924 moving silhouette images) Maria Hybinette, UGA 3 Maria Hybinette, UGA 4 First Video Game … The First Video Games William Higginbotham and Tennis for Two Steve Russell and Spacewar » Created in 1958 for the Brookhaven National » Created in 1961 at MIT for the DEC PDP-1 computer Laboratorys annual visitor day » 2 player, maneuver spaceship while trying to shoot » Display was an oscilloscope (side view) other player with torpedoes » Game ran on an analog computer » Switches to control game » Sound effects were a side-effect of the relays » Hugely popular within MIT that made the game run » Required prohibitively expensive equipment ($120K) » No one realized its significance » Eventually shipped as a diagnostic program with PDP-1s » Knob for trajectory & button for » 1969 ARPANET » gravity controlled ball. Maria Hybinette, UGA 5 Maria Hybinette, UGA 6 Games for the Masses Games for the Masses The Advent of Home Video Games: Breaking Into the Amusement Business: Ralph Baer and the Magnavox Odyssey Nolan Bushnell and Atari » 1966, initial idea for a game machine that » Engineering major at the University of Utah would work on home TVs » Background in coin-operated amusement » Created a shooting game and ice hockey devices game » Tried to bring Spacewar to arcades as » Sold to Magnavox in 1972 Computer War Maria Hybinette, UGA 7 Maria Hybinette, UGA 8 Games for the Masses The Console Kings Bringing Games to the ! Atari and the 2600 Masses ! Atari VCS (1600) released in » Atari founded by Nolan 1977 Bushnell in 1972 ! Not quite the first cartridge- » Brought Pong to arcades based home system » Sued by Baer and ! Open architecture allowed Magnavox easy development » Paid a one-time license ! First to introduce licensing of fee of $700,000 a system Maria Hybinette, UGA 9 Maria Hybinette, UGA 10 The Console Kings The Console Kings Sega Nintendo and Shigeru Miyamoto » Created in 1952 in Japan to sell amusement games on US » Released Donkey Kong army bases (Service Games) arcade machine in 1981 » Released the popular Sega » Released Nintendo Genesis in 1990 Entertainment System in 1985 » Final console was 1999s Sega Dreamcast » During late 80s Nintendo owned 90% of the market » Now dedicated to software 11 Maria Hybinette, UGA 11 Maria Hybinette, UGA 12 The Console Kings The Console Kings Sonys PlayStation Microsoft and the Xbox » Created out of an aborted attempt to launch a CD-ROM » Xbox released in 2001 based system with Nintendo » Based on a PC-like architecture » Released PlayStation in 1994 » Initially significant money lost on » PlayStation 2 released in 2000, each console sold maintaining backwards –Foothold in living rooms compatibility with hugely popular PS1 world wide » PS3 and PSP current » Halo and Halo 2 are its most » (ATARI Jaguar (1993) popular games cartridges, stick in CD into cartridge Maria Hybinette, UGA 13 Maria Hybinette, UGA 14 Home Computers The Designers ! Apple Computer Maxis and Will Wright ! Founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Mike Markkula in 1976 ! Apple II was released in 1977 » SimCity released in 1989 ! Revolutionized the home computer market » Other Sim games ! Commodore followed (SimAnt, ! Commodore Vic-20 Released in 1981 SimCopter) ! Low price and shrewd marketing lead to success » Maxis becomes part of ! Commodore 64, released in 1982, became the best selling computer in history Electronic Arts ! IBM » Released The Sims in ! IBM PC introduced in 1981 2000 http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/ ! Moderate pricing helped it gain a foothold in the business world will_wright_makes_toys_that_make_worlds .html ! BIOS licensing model backfired on them, allowing cheap clones to » The Sims has sold more enter the market than 6 million copies so far Maria Hybinette, UGA 15 Maria Hybinette, UGA 16 The Designers The Designers Sierra and Ken and MicroProse and Sid Meier Roberta Williams » Founded by Sid Meier and Wild BillStealey » Created first graphical adventure game, Mystery » Concentrated on strategic simulations in early years House in 1980 » Sid Meiers Pirates! in » Great success followed with 1987 was Sids first Kings Quest series, Police signature game Quest series, and Leisure » Genre-defining Railroad Suit Larry series Tycoon and Civilization » Published Half-Life followed Maria Hybinette, UGA 17 Maria Hybinette, UGA 18 The Designers The Phenomenons Space Invaders » Introduced to the US in 1978 Origin Systems and Richard Garriott » First big Japanese success » Created the Ultima series » Introduced the High Score list to video games » In 1997 created Ultima Online, one of the first Pac-Man Massively Multi-Player » American debut in 1981 Online Role-Playing » Attempt to create a completely Games non-violent game » Studios disbanded in » Generated $100 million in sales 2000 by EA during its lifetime 19 Maria Hybinette, UGA 19 Maria Hybinette, UGA 20 The Phenomenons The Phenomenons The Tangled History of Tetris » Created by Russian programmer Alexy Pajitnov ! Square and Final Fantasy in 1985 ! In 1987 released Final Fantasy as a last-ditch effort to » Became a pop culture sensation stave off bankruptcy » Helped drive the success of Nintendos Game ! 15 games have been released since then, selling more Boy than 40 million copies ! Computer-animated Hollywood movie released in 2001 Capcom and Resident Evil ! Cyan and Myst » Capcom founded in 1979 ! Created by Rand and Robyn Miller » Created Street Fighter, Mega Man and Resident !Released in 1993 on the Apple Macintosh Evil ! Helped popularize the CD-ROM drive » Resident Evil has spawned 15 variations and sequels as well as two Hollywood movies Maria Hybinette, UGA 21 Maria Hybinette, UGA 22 The Phenomenons The Studios Activision and Infocom Pokémon » Activision founded » Created by Japanese video game enthusiast Satoshi by former Atari Tajiri programmers » Pokémon Red and Green released for Nintendo Game Boy in 1996 » Lawsuit by Atari created the royalties system still » Movies, TV series and multiple sequels have followed employed by console makers The Rise and Fall of the Video Game Mascot today » Early mascots helped sell game systems » Merged with Infocom and » Mascots are seemingly less popular now gutted it » Over-exposure and an aging audience may be » Still a strong player today explanations for this trend Maria Hybinette, UGA 23 Maria Hybinette, UGA 24 The Studios The Studios Electronic Arts (EA) » Created by Trip Hawkins in Interplay 1982 » Formed in 1983 » Revolutionary business plan » First big hit was The Bards Tale in 1985 did three things » Famous for their CRPGs, including Wasteland, – Creative talent treated like artists Fallout, Baldurs Gate, Baldurs Gate II: Shadows – Creation of in-house tools to aid of Amn cross-platform development – Handle own distribution » Since de-listed from the NASDAQ » Now the largest game software company in the world Maria Hybinette, UGA 25 Maria Hybinette, UGA 26 The Studios The Studios LucasArts » Formed in 1982 as an offshoot of LucasFilm Ltd. Blizzard » Released Maniac » Started in 1991 by Mansion in 1987 Frank Morhaime, Allen Adham, and Frank Pearce. » Created strong » Released one of the seminal Real-Time Strategy history of games, Warcraft, in 1994 adventure games » Their latest release, the MMORPG World of and Warcraft, has become the fastest selling PC game Star Wars universe in history games Maria Hybinette, UGA 27 Maria Hybinette, UGA 28 The Studios Genres Adventure » Sub-genres include text-based adventure and graphical adventure » Zork by Infocom id Software » Kings Quest by Sierra » Formed on February 1, 1991 Action » Successfully utilized Apogees shareware » Superset of all other action-oriented genres formula » Typified by fast-paced combat and movement » Created the defining first-person shooter » Spacewar, Pong, and Space Invaders helped with DOOM define the genre Maria Hybinette, UGA 29 Maria Hybinette, UGA 30 A Genres Genres Action-Adventure » Adventure games with action elements Fighting » The Legend of Zelda was first break-out hit » Players typically fight other players or the computer using swordplay or martial arts » Jak 3, Metroid Prime 2 Echoes, and Resident » Double Dragon is an example of a side-scrolling Evil 4 are modern examples of the genre fighter Platformer » Virtua Fighter, Mortal Kombat, and Street Fighter are examples of versus fighters, where the players fight » Typified by a character running and jumping each other in a side-scrolling playing field First-Person Shooter » Super Mario Bros.,
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