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Extraction Conditions of Inulin from Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers and Its Effects on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Rats

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Extraction Conditions of Inulin from Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers and Its Effects on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Rats Journal of American Science 2010;6(5) Extraction Conditions of Inulin from Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers and its Effects on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Rats 1A. M. Gaafar;2M. F. Serag El-Din;2E. A. Boudy and 3H. H. El-Gazar 1 Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 2Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Minufiya University 3 National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, Egypt. [email protected] Abstract: This study aimed to analyze Jerusalem artichoke tubers to identify its contents and to optimize conventional extraction of inulin, various time extract, temperature, and solvent ratio were used. 30 male albino rats divided into 5 groups (6 rats) were used to evaluated the extricated inulin as Hypoglycemic agents. It could be concluded that, the highest yield of inulin was recovered from Jerusalem artichoke tuber by using the following condition, sample to solvent ratio was 1: 5 w/v at 80°C for 90 minutes. The crude inulin extracted from Jerusalem artichoke tubers were used for production of orange juice and chocolate and estimated by aid of 10 panelists. The reduction of glucose was observed after one week of feeding till the end of experimental period, also, high level of inulin 15% led to amore reduction of blood glucose level comparing with the low level especially in the end of experimental period. The crude inulin extracted from Jerusalem artichoke tubers were used in diet for diabetic rats on different levels of inulin (10 and 15%) had significantly lower in total cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipids in comparing to positive diabetic rats fed on control diet. Meanwhile, HDL level was increased significantly after fed on 10 and 15% inulin. On the other hand, LDL and VLDL levels were decreased significantly after fed on (10 and 15%) inulin in comparing to positive group rats fed on control diet. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(5):36-43]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). Keywords: Jerusalem artichoke, Extraction Conditions, inulin, blood glucose and lipid profile 1. Introduction involving boiling water-extracting for 10. 15 min of Today, the industrialized countries are the ground tubers had been used (Laurenzo et al., facing, among others, three major challenges. Firstly, 1999). to control the cost of health care, secondly, to offer to Initially, the application of inulin in the food their aging population a real opportunity to live, not industry was restricted to the production of a drink only longer, but also better and thirdly, to provide to similar to coffee, due to its bitter taste. However, it more and more. Jobs, consumers, a choice of healthy was found that inulin could substitute sugar and fat processed or ready to eat foods (Roberfroid, 1999). with the advantage of exhibiting low caloric value Busy life styles and the increasing demand from (Applied Technology, 1993). The application of consumers for meals and snacks that are quick inulin as a fat substitute is associated with its capacity sources of good nutrition have prompted the food of producing a cream-like substance, similar to fat industry to develop foods like nutrition bars that dissolved in water, which can act as a rheological combine convenience and nutrition (Izzo and Niness, modifier (Cândido and Campos, 1995 and Silva, 2001). 1996). Inulin shows interesting technological Inulin is a storage polysaccharide consisting properties, as a low-calorie sweetener, as a fat of a chain of fructose molecules with a terminal substitute, or it can be used to modify texture glucose molecule. Silva (1996), inulin is water (Tungland and Meyer, 2002). These properties are soluble, the solubility being temperature dependent. linked to the degree of chain polymerisation. Inulin At 10°C its solubility is about 6% whereas at 90°C it are added during cheese processing to decrease its fat is about 35%. Inulin type fructans, are the best- percentage without losing its organoleptic documented oligosaccharides for their effect on characteristics, such as texture and flavour. One of intestinal bifidobacteria and are considered important the interesting functions of inulin and oligofructose in prebiotic substrates (Vos et al., 2006). Jerusalem human nutrition is related to their prebiotic effect, i.e. artichoke tubers with 14–19% inulin can be a the specific stimulation of growth and/or activity of a valuable source of inulin (Vanloo, et al., 1995). limited number of colonic bacteria beneficial to the Several methods for inulin extraction from Jerusalem host, as well as the growth inhibition of pathogens artichoke have been developed. A pretreatment step and harmful microorganisms (Roberfroid, 2007). http://www.americanscience.org 36 [email protected] Journal of American Science 2010;6(5) The combination of prebiotics and probiotics has (sample to water ratio were 1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 5 and 1 : 7 given rise to the so-called ‘synbiotics’, with w/v) tuber : water. The effect of using different promising healthy properties (Buritiet al., 2007; temperature (70, 80, 90 and 100°C) as will as Pool- Zobel and Sauer, 2007). different times (60, 70, 80 and 90 minutes) were also The functional effects of inulin on humans and done to choose the best condition of extraction of experimental animals include relief of constipation inulin. lower blood glucose levels, improved absorption of calcium, reduced fasting triglycerides, LDL Preparation of juice and chocolate: Orange juice cholesterol, and inhibition of the growth of various and Chocolate were prepared according to the kinds of tumors (Kaur and Gupta 2002). Marchetti method of El-Gendy (1970). (1993) reported that, inulin is a natural polymer that not hydrolysable by the intestinal enzymes, because it Sensory evaluation: has β (2-1) link which is not be hydrolyzed. So it Juice and chocolate: could be considered a calorie free fiber, although Orange juice, chocolate, juice and chocolate some calories may occur due to the digestible supplemented by different levels of inulin (10, 15, 20 fermentation of these by products in the colon. Inulin and 25%) estimated by aid of 10 panelists. The is such carbohydrates have a high potential following hedonic scale was used Kramer and nutritional advantage as low energy dietary Twigg (1970) for juice and Kramer and Twigg supplements. It can be used as a source of (1970) for chocolate. carbohydrates for diabetic patients and more generally as dietary fiber. During 4 to 6 weeks Analytical methods: improves glucose tolerance, decreases glycemia, and The prepared samples were subjected to the chemical partially restores insulin secretion (Cani et al., 2005). analysis moisture, protein, fat and ash by the methods Moreover, an improvement of glucose/insulin ratio described by A.O.A.C. (1990). Crude fiber was has also been observed in rats receiving measured using the method described by Kirk and Oligofructose added in a high fructose diet (inulin) Sawyer (1991). Total carbohydrates were determined (Busserolles et al., 2003). In the case of low-calorie using the method described by James (1995). chocolates and derivatives, fibre compounds such as Determination of inulin was recommended by inulin and oligofructose are used as sugar substitutes Prosky and Hoebregs (1999). (Gonze and Van der Schueren, 1997). This study was carried out to investigate studying the best Biological experiments: conditions to obtain inulin from Jerusalem artichoke Animals: for production of new foods and beverages with high 30 adult male albino rats weighting between biological value and studying the health benefits of 115 to 120 g were divided to 5 groups and (each inulin as functional food on diabetic and group consisted of 6 rats), each rat housed hyperlipidemic rats. individually in wire cages with wire bottoms. 2. Material and Methods Preparation of diabetic rats: Jerusalem artichoke tubers (Helianthus Pure fine was used for induction diabetes in tuberosus) were purchased from the experimental normal healthy adult male albino rats by station, Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, Egypt. intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150mg/kg body inulin was isolated from the tubers of Jerusalem weight) according to the method described by (Desia artichoke. Cholesterol, casein, bile acids, kits and and Bhide, 1985), fasting blood samples obtained cholin cholerid were purchased from El-Gomhoreria from retro orbital plexus (Superficial blood sample) Co. to determined serum glucose. Diabetic rates were divided into 4 groups, 6 rats in each group fed on Technological methods:- certain diets for 28 days as follows: First group was Preparation of Jerusalem artichoke tubers: fed on basal diet only and used as control negative The samples of Jerusalem artichoke tubers were group. Second group diabetic rats were fed on basal cleaned with tap water to remove dust and other diet and used as the control positive group. Third and undesirable materials. The cleaned tubers were cut fourth group diabetic rats were fed on basal diet into small pieces and used immediately. containing 10 and 15% inulin. Extraction of inulin from Jerusalem artichoke by different methods: Biological Evaluation: Jerusalem artichoke tubers were mixed with different At the end of trials, the animals were volumes of hot water according to Yamazaki (1994) sacrificed, under ether anaesthetized and blood http://www.americanscience.org 37 [email protected] Journal of American Science 2010;6(5) samples were collected in clean dry centrifuge tube of moisture, ether extract, crude protein, ash, inulin from hepatic portal vein. Serum was separated by and crude fiber after chemical analysis of extracted centrifugation at 4000 r.p.m. for 10 minutes at room inulin their were 4.57, 0.35, 0.49, 0.75, 96.87 and temperature then kept in plastic vials at-20c until 1.54, respectively. our findings are in harmony with analysis. those of Shalaby (2000) who found that, inulin isolated from Jerusalem artichoke tubers was Biochemical Analysis: characterized by high value of inulin 96.25%. Glucose was determined by enzymatic methods using kits according to Trinder (1969).
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