Chloroplast Ultrastructure and Hormone Endogenous Levels Are
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Fruits, Roots, and Shoots: a Gardener's Introduction to Plant Hormones
The Dirt September 2016 A quarterly online magazine published for Master Gardeners in support of the educational mission of UF/IFAS Extension Service. Fruits, Roots, and Shoots: A Gardener’s September 2016 Issue 7 Introduction to Plant Hormones Fruits, Roots, and Shoots: A Gardener's By Shane Palmer, Master Gardener Introduction to Plant Hormones Butterfly Saviors What are hormones? Pollinators Critical to Our Survival Preserving Florida Yesterday, Today Have you ever wondered why trimming off the growing tips Tomorrow of a plant stems often causes more compact, bushy growth? Important Rules (and some plant advice) for Perhaps you’ve heard of commercial fruit producers using a Cats gas called ethylene to make fruits ripen more quickly. Both of these cases are examples of plant hormones at work. Report on the 2016 South Central Master Gardener District Hormones are naturally occurring small molecules that organisms produce which serve as chemical messengers Pictures from the Geneva, Switzerland Botanical Garden inside their bodies. Plants and animals both use hormones to deliver "messages" to their cells and control their growth Send in your articles and photos and development. A plant’s hormones tell it how to behave. They determine the plant's shape. They determine which cells develop into roots, stems, or leaf tissues. They tell the plant when to flower and set fruit and when to die. They also provide information on how to respond to changes in its environment. Knowing more about the science behind these processes helps gardeners and horticulturalists better control the propagation and growth of plants. In some cases, herbicides incorporate synthetic hormones or substances that alter hormone function to disrupt the growth and development of weeds. -
Assessing the Extinction Probability of the Purple-Winged Ground Dove, an Enigmatic Bamboo Specialist
fevo-09-624959 April 29, 2021 Time: 12:42 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 29 April 2021 doi: 10.3389/fevo.2021.624959 Assessing the Extinction Probability of the Purple-winged Ground Dove, an Enigmatic Bamboo Specialist Alexander C. Lees1,2*, Christian Devenish1, Juan Ignacio Areta3, Carlos Barros de Araújo4,5, Carlos Keller6, Ben Phalan7 and Luís Fábio Silveira8 1 Ecology and Environment Research Centre (EERC), Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom, 2 Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, 3 Laboratorio de Ecología, Comportamiento y Sonidos Naturales, Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del Noroeste Argentino (IBIGEO-CONICET), Salta, Argentina, 4 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Centro de Ciências Aplicadas e Educação, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rio Tinto, Brazil, 5 Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil, 6 Independent Researcher, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 7 Centre for Conservation of Atlantic Forest Birds, Parque das Aves, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, 8 Seção de Aves, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil The continued loss, fragmentation, and degradation of forest habitats are driving an Edited by: extinction crisis for tropical and subtropical bird species. This loss is particularly acute in Bruktawit Abdu Mahamued, the Atlantic Forest of South America, where it is unclear whether several endemic bird Kotebe Metropolitan University (KMU), Ethiopia species are extinct or extant. We collate and model spatiotemporal distributional data Reviewed by: for one such “lost” species, the Purple-winged Ground Dove Paraclaravis geoffroyi, John Woinarski, a Critically Endangered endemic of the Atlantic Forest biome, which is nomadic Charles Darwin University, Australia Sam Turvey, and apparently dependent on masting bamboo stands. -
Universidade De Brasília Faculdade De Tecnologia Departamento De Engenharia Florestal USO DE HIDROGEL NO RESTABELECIMENTO DE MU
Universidade de Brasília Faculdade de Tecnologia Departamento de Engenharia Florestal USO DE HIDROGEL NO RESTABELECIMENTO DE MUDAS MICROPROPAGADAS DE BAMBU E CRESCIMENTO DE MUDAS DE UMA COLEÇÃO EX SITU Camila Spindola de Amorim 13/0104965 Monografia apresentada ao Curso de Engenharia Florestal, da Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade de Brasília, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Engenharia Florestal. Orientador: Anderson Marcos de Souza Coorientador: Jonny Everson Scherwinski Pereira Brasília – DF, 2019 Universidade de Brasília Faculdade de Tecnologia Departamento de Engenharia Florestal USO DE HIDROGEL NO RESTABELECIMENTO DE MUDAS MICROPROPAGADAS DE BAMBU E CRESCIMENTO DE MUDAS DE UMA COLEÇÃO EX SITU Estudante: Camila Spindola de Amorim Matrícula: 13/0104965 Orientador: Prof. Dr. Anderson Marcos de Souza Coorientador: Dr. Jonny Everson Scherwinski Pereira Menção: _____ Prof. Dr. Anderson Marcos de Souza Universidade de Brasília - UnB Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Orientador Prof. Dr. Jaime Gonçalves de Almeida Universidade de Brasília – UnB Centro de Pesquisa e Aplicação de Bambu e Fibras Naturais – CPAB Membro da Banca Inaê Mariê de Araújo Silva Cardoso Bolsista da EMBRAPA-CENARGEN de Pós-Doutorado Membro da Banca Brasília – DF, 2019 AGRADECIMENTOS Gostaria de agradecer primeiramente a minha família, que são a base de tudo que sou e que estou sendo capaz de construir. Aos meus pais, Maria Evani e Marco Vinício, por todo o amor, carinho, apoio e atenção em todos os momentos da minha vida. Por todo o esforço para me oferecer todas as condições necessárias para realizar minha graduação, sempre valorizando meus estudos e confiando em meu potencial. Ao meu irmão Rafael por todo o apoio e carinho. -
Chapter 7 Unit Notes
Chapter 7 Unit Notes Lesson 1: Energy Processing in Plants cellular respiration series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into ATP energy usable power photosynthesis series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and give off oxygen A. Materials for Plant Processes 1. To survive, plants must be able to move materials throughout their cells, make their own food, and break down food into a usable form of energy. 2. Just like cells in other organisms, plant cells require water to survive and carry on cell processes. 3. Roots absorb water, which travels inside xylem cells in roots and stems up to leaves. 4. Leaves produce sugar, which is a form of chemical energy. B. Photosynthesis 1. Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into the food-energy molecule glucose and give off oxygen. 2. Green leaves are the major food-producing organs of plants. 3. The cells that make up the top and bottom layers of a leaf are flat, irregularly shaped cells © Copyright Glencoe/McGraw called epidermal cells. 4. On the lower epidermal layer of leaves are small openings called stomata. 5. Mesophyll cells contain the organelle where photosynthesis occurs, the chloroplast. 6. In the first step of photosynthesis, plants capture the energy in light. - Hill, a division of The McGraw 7. Chemicals that can absorb and reflect light are called pigments. 8. The pigment chlorophyll reflects green light, absorbs other colors of light, and uses this energy for photosynthesis. -
The Role of Auxin in Cell Differentiation in Meristems Jekaterina Truskina
The role of auxin in cell differentiation in meristems Jekaterina Truskina To cite this version: Jekaterina Truskina. The role of auxin in cell differentiation in meristems. Plants genetics. Université de Lyon, 2018. English. NNT : 2018LYSEN033. tel-01968072 HAL Id: tel-01968072 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01968072 Submitted on 2 Jan 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Numéro National de Thèse : 2018LYSEN033 THESE de DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE DE LYON opérée par l’Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon en cotutelle avec University of Nottingham Ecole Doctorale N°340 Biologie Moléculaire, Intégrative et Cellulaire Spécialité de doctorat : Biologie des plantes Discipline : Sciences de la Vie Soutenue publiquement le 28.09.2018, par : Jekaterina TRUSKINA The role of auxin in cell differentiation in meristems Rôle de l'auxine dans la différenciation des cellules au sein des méristèmes Devant le jury composé de : Mme Catherine BELLINI, Professeure, Umeå Plant Science Center Rapporteure Mme Zoe WILSON, Professeure, University of Nottingham Rapporteure M. Joop EM VERMEER, Professeur, University of Zurich Examinateur M. Renaud DUMAS, Directeur de recherche, Université Grenoble Alpes Examinateur M. Teva VERNOUX, Directeur de recherche, ENS de Lyon Directeur de thèse M. -
Guadua Chacoensis in Bolivia -An Investigation of Mechanical Properties of a Bamboo Species
Guadua chacoensis in Bolivia -an investigation of mechanical properties of a bamboo species Maria Lindholm Sara Palm December 5, 2007 Examiner: Stig-Inge Gustafsson Supervisor: Kenneth Bringzén Department of Management and Engineering Centre for Wood Technology & Design LIU-IEI-TEK-A--07/00256--SE http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10372 ii Sammanfattning Detta examensarbetete har gjorts vid CTD- Centrum för Träteknik och De- sign vid Linköpings universitet och har utförts i Santa Cruz de la Sierra i Bolivia. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att studera de mekaniska egenskaperna och användningsområden för Guadua chacoensis, en boliviansk bambuart. Genom historien har bambu använts i en mängd olika applikationer såsom hus, verktyg, möbler, mat, bränsle, papper och land-rehabilitering. I de esta asiatiska länder är bambu en viktig resurs för små- och medelstora företag vilket skapar arbetstillfällen och motverkar fattigdom. I Sydamerika nns många länder, däribland Bolivia, vilka har stora möjligheter att utnyttja bambu på samma sätt. En av huvudidéerna med detta examensarbete är att kunna gynna den bolivianska välfärden genom att belysa denna, hittills outvecklade naturresurs. Detta examensarbete är en Minor eld study, delvis nansierad av Sida, styrelsen för internationellt utvecklingssamarbete. Under fältarbetet genom- fördes teoretiska studier då internationell och inhemsk information om bambu, speciellt om Guadua chacoensis, samlades in. Olika områden där arten växer besöktes och hållfasthetstekniska tester genomfördes vid UPSA- Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Genom drag-, böj- och hårdhetsprovning har det påvisats att Guadua chacoensis är ett böjligt och medelhårt material med en draghållfasthet som är jämförbar med den för Europeisk ek. -
Plant Hormone Conjugation
Plant Molecular Biology 26: 1459-1481, 1994. © 1994 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in Belgium. 1459 Plant hormone conjugation Gtlnther Sembdner*, Rainer Atzorn and Gernot Schneider Institut far Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, D-06018 Halle, Germany (* author for correspondence) Received and accepted 11 October 1994 Key words: plant hormone, conjugation, auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, jasmonate, brassinolide Introduction (including structural elucidation, synthesis etc.) and, more recently, their biochemistry (including Plant hormones are an unusual group of second- enzymes for conjugate formation or hydrolysis), ary plant constituents playing a regulatory role in and their genetical background. However, the plant growth and development. The regulating most important biological question concerning the properties appear in course of the biosynthetic physiological relevance of plant hormone conju- pathways and are followed by deactivation via gation can so far be answered in only a few cases catabolic processes. All these metabolic steps are (see Conjugation of auxins). There is evidence in principle irreversible, except for some processes that conjugates might act as reversible deactivated such as the formation of ester, glucoside and storage forms, important in hormone 'homeosta- amide conjugates, where the free parent com- sis' (i.e. regulation of physiologically active hor- pound can be liberated by enzymatic hydrolysis. mone levels). In other cases, conjugation might For each class of the plant hormones so-called accompany or introduce irreversible deactivation. 'bound' hormones have been found. In the early The difficulty in investigating these topics is, in literature this term was applied to hormones part, a consequence of inadequate analytical bound to other low-molecular-weight substances methodology. -
Plant Hormone Receptors: New Perceptions
Downloaded from genesdev.cshlp.org on October 2, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press REVIEW Plant hormone receptors: new perceptions Angela K. Spartz and William M. Gray1 Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA Plant growth and development require the integration of when grass seedlings were exposed to a lateral light a variety of environmental and endogenous signals that, source, a transported signal originating from the plant together with the intrinsic genetic program, determine apex promoted differential cell elongation in the lower plant form. Central to this process are several growth parts of the seedling that resulted in it bending toward regulators known as plant hormones or phytohormones. the light source. This signal was subsequently shown to Despite decades of study, only recently have receptors be indole-3-acetic acid (IAA or auxin), the first known for several of these hormones been identified, revealing plant hormone. Once identified, the effects of each hor- novel mechanisms for perceiving chemical signals and mone were initially elucidated largely by observing the providing plant biologists with a much clearer picture of physiological responses elicited by exogenous applica- hormonal control of growth and development. tions. However, the identification of hormone biosyn- thesis and response mutants, particularly in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, has verified many of these The hormonal control of the growth and development of roles, as well as established new functions for each hor- multicellular organisms has intrigued generations of bi- mone. ologists. In plants, virtually every aspect of the plant’s Central to comprehending hormonal control of plant life is regulated by a handful of small organic molecules growth and development is the understanding of how the collectively referred to as the phytohormones. -
Does Watering with Willow Water Stimulate Faster Root Growth? Michelle Terrazino
Does watering with willow water stimulate faster root growth? Michelle Terrazino Citrus College 100 W Foothill Blvd Glendora, California Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Gardens 1500 N College Ave Claremont, California Keckielia antihirrhinoides Keckielia antihirrhinoides Abstract Many nursery grown container plants are produced by taking cuttings of stems material and rooting them. In order to optimize this process, a number of treatments are often applied to unrooted cuttings. Studies have shown that watering cuttings with a solution made from branches of Willow trees (Salix sp.) can increase the percentage of cuttings that develop roots. (Karmini and Mansouri 2012). In order to test this, I watered two flats each of five species, one with tap water and the other with a willow water solution. In order to approximate typical nursery practices, each cutting was initially treated with Dip N’ Gro Liquid Rooting Concentrate, a chemical rooting hormone. Throughout the experiment I monitored the development of roots to see if willow water solution improves rooting in a typical nursery setting. Two species; Myrica californica and Keckielia antihirrhinoides, showed positive results for root growth when • Keckiella antihirrhinoides root growth after 5 weeks. • Number of roots per plant on Keckielia watered with willow water while the rest of the plants required longer time to root. antihirrhinoides after 5 weeks. Myrica caifornica Myrica californica Background Willow (Salix sp.) contains both Salicylic acid and Indolebutyric acid (IBA). Salicylic acid is a natural compound that is involved in fruit maturity and senescence, and IBA is a naturally occurring plant hormone that is used in many commercial plant rooting products such as fertilome Root Stimulator and Plant Starter Solution 4-10-3, Dip N’Gro Liquid Rooting Concentrate, Greenlight Concentrate Root Stimulator and Starter Solution. -
Characterization of the Endophytic Bacteria from in Vitro Cultures Of
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-021-10204-1 PLANT TISSUE CULTURE Characterization of the endophytic bacteria from in vitro cultures of Dendrocalamus asper and Bambusa oldhamii and assessment of their potential effects in in vitro co-cultivated plants of Guadua chacoensis (Bambusoideae, Poaceae) Cristina Belincanta1 & Gloria Botelho1 & Thiago Sanches Ornellas2,3 & Julia Zappelini2,3 & Miguel Pedro Guerra1,2 Received: 5 March 2021 /Accepted: 31 May 2021 / Editor: Bin Tian # The Society for In Vitro Biology 2021 Abstract Bamboos (Bambusoideae, Poaceae) are multiple-purpose perennial grasses, which display a growing production chain in Brazil. One of the main bottlenecks is high-quality supplying of plantlets, then requiring efficient mass propagation methods, such as micropropagation. Contamination by microorganisms is recurrent in bamboo in vitro cultures, although some of those manifes- tations are considered endophytes harboring plant growth promotion potential. The isolation of endophytic bacteria from in vitro cultures of Dendrocalamus asper and Bambusa oldhamii was performed to assess their potential growth-promoting effect in co- cultivation with in vitro plants of Guadua chacoensis, an economically promising bamboo species. Among the total bacterial collection (32 isolates), all of them showed growth-promotion potential as indole compounds-producers. Sequences of 16S rRNA genes from eight selected isolates were newly generated, and the BLASTn similarity test recovered four bacterial genera (Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Serratia,andAtlantibacter) and six species. The co-cultivation experiment was carried out with three isolates selected based on their low- (Ba16), medium- (Ba03), and high-yield (Ba24) production of indole compounds, and Bayesian inferences strongly supported them as Bacillus subtilis, Serratia marcescens, and Brevibacillus parabrevis,respec- tively. -
Plant Root Development and Hormone Signalling During Drought Stress
Plant Root Development and Hormone Signalling during Drought Stress Xiaoqing Li B.S. Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University (CAU), China M.Agr. Plant Nutrition, CAU, China Thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D. at Lancaster University March 2016 Declaration Except where reference is made to other sources, I declare that the contents in this thesis are my own work and have not been previously submitted, in part or in full, for the award of a higher degree elsewhere. Xiaoqing Li Lancaster University March 2016 i Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisors, Professor Bill Davies and Professor Brian Forde for your precious support of my PhD study. Your patience, encouragement, immense knowledge and wisdom helped me overcome various difficulties and challenges during this research and assisted me to develop as a researcher. I am grateful to Professor Fusuo Zhang and Professor Jianbo Shen in China Agriculture University (Beijing, China) for recommending me to study in Lancaster University four years ago. I also appreciate Dr. Sally Wilkinson for her guidance in the very beginning of this research. This thesis would not have progressed smoothly without the collaboration with my colleague and friend Dr. Lin Chen. Thank you for training me important laboratory skills and discussing some of the experiments with me. I also thank you for your companionship during my studies. I express my gratitude to Dr. Alfonso Albacete and his friendly colleagues in CSIC (Murcia, Spain) for their assistance in the analysis of plant hormone samples. I am also grateful to Professor Ian Dodd for his help with my studies and building up the collaboration with Dr. -
The Control of Cell Expansion, Cell Division, and Vascular Development by Brassinosteroids: a Historical Perspective
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review The Control of Cell Expansion, Cell Division, and Vascular Development by Brassinosteroids: A Historical Perspective Man-Ho Oh 1 , Saxon H. Honey 2 and Frans E. Tax 2,* 1 Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; [email protected] 2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 21 January 2020; Accepted: 22 February 2020; Published: 4 March 2020 Abstract: Steroid hormones are important signaling molecules in plants and animals. The plant steroid hormone brassinosteroids were first isolated and characterized in the 1970s and have been studied since then for their functions in plant growth. Treatment of plants or plant cells with brassinosteroids revealed they play important roles during diverse developmental processes, including control of cell expansion, cell division, and vascular differentiation. Molecular genetic studies, primarily in Arabidopsis thaliana, but increasingly in many other plants, have identified many genes involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and responses. Here we review the roles of brassinosteroids in cell expansion, cell division, and vascular differentiation, comparing the early physiological studies with more recent results of the analysis of mutants in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling genes. A few representative examples of other molecular pathways that share developmental roles with brassinosteroids are described, including pathways that share functional overlap or response components with the brassinosteroid pathway. We conclude by briefly discussing the origin and conservation of brassinosteroid signaling. Keywords: brassinosteroids; cell expansion; cell elongation; cell division; vascular differentiation; Arabidopsis thaliana 1.