Evaluation of Extension Reforms in Brazil
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IFPRI – INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNICAMP – UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS EVALUATION OF EXTENSION REFORMS IN BRAZIL BRAZIL 2016 IFPRI – INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNICAMP – UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS EVALUATION OF EXTENSION REFORMS IN BRAZIL Final report presented to IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute) in accordance with the requirement of “Product 3” from the Research Study “Evaluation of Extension Reforms in Brazil”. Coordinator: Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira Bergamasco Coordinator: Ricardo Serra Borsatto THIS EXEMPLAR CORRESPONS TO THE FINAL VERSION OF THE RESEARCH STUDY “EVALUATION OF EXTENSION REFORMS IN BRAZIL”, COORDINATED BY PROF. DR. SONIA MARIA PESSOA PEREIRA BERGAMASCO AND PROF. DR. RICARDO SERRA BORSATTO BRAZIL 2016 RESEARCH TEAM Coordination Prof. Dr. Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira Bergamasco Prof. Dr. Ricardo Serra Borsatto Report Authors Prof. Dr. Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira Bergamasco Prof. Dr. Ricardo Serra Borsatto MSc. Carolina Rios Thomson Review MSc. Danitielle Cineli Simonato Field Research Team Carolina Rios Thomson Danitielle Cineli Simonato Elizabeth Lima Pereira Flávio Aparecido Pontes Francine de Camargo Procópio Maria Dalva Oliveira Soares Marina de Sá Costa Lima BRAZIL 2016 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 – The Brazilian Network of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension providers ... 33 Figure 2 - The Brazilian Decentralized System of ATER ........................................................ 33 Figure 3 - ATER projects in 2010 ............................................................................................ 35 Figure 4 - ATER projects in 2011 ............................................................................................ 36 Figure 5 - ATER projects in 2012 ............................................................................................ 37 Figure 6 - ATER projects in 2013 ............................................................................................ 38 Figure 7 - ATER projects in 2014 ............................................................................................ 39 Figure 8 - Distribution of Family Farming Establishments per region in Brazil ..................... 40 Figure 9 - MDA’s Financial resources for ATER projects (in Brazilian Reais) ...................... 42 Figure 10 - General view of ATER’s contracts distribution from 2010 to 2014 in Brazil ....... 44 Figure 11 - ATER’s contracts distribution from 2010 to 2014 in the North ........................... 45 Figure 12 - ATER’s contracts distribution from 2010 to 2014 in the Northeast ...................... 46 Figure 13 - ATER’s contracts distribution from 2010 to 2014 in the Southeast ..................... 47 Figure 14 - ATER’s contracts distribution from 2010 to 2014 in the South ............................ 48 Figure 15 - ATER’s contracts distribution from 2010 to 2014 in the Middle West................ 49 Figure 16 - Schematic representation of information flux structure ........................................ 56 Figure 17 – The Brazilian Citizenship Territories and the five studied Citizenship Territories .................................................................................................................................................. 67 Figure 18 - Alto Jequitinhonha’s results for ATER services ................................................... 73 Figure 19 - Cantuquiriguaçu’s results for ATER services ....................................................... 80 Figure 20- Pontal do Paranapanema’s results for ATER services............................................ 95 Figure 21 - São Paulo’s Southwestern’s results for ATER services ...................................... 102 Figure 22 - Vale do Ribeira’s results for ATER services ....................................................... 110 Figure 23 – Farmers’ national results for the ATER services ................................................ 114 Figure 24 – Extensionists’ national results for the ATER services. ....................................... 115 Figure 25 – Indicators’ performances ..................................................................................... 116 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 – ATER projects executed through the MDA ............................................................. 42 Table 2 - Distribution of urban and rural population in the Alto Jequitinhonha Territory....... 68 Table 3 - Poverty situation at the Alto Jequitinhonha Territory ............................................... 69 Table 4 - Producers’ conditions in the Alto Jequitinhonha Territory ....................................... 70 Table 5 - Number of people over 14 years old working in Farming Establishments in the Alto Jequitinhonha Territory ............................................................................................................ 70 Table 6 - Land use in the Alto Jequitinhonha Territory ........................................................... 71 Table 7 - Questionnaires applied in the Alto Jequitinhonha Territory ..................................... 72 Table 8 - Interviewed extensionists in the Alto Jequitinhonha Territory ................................. 72 Table 9 – Distribution of urban and rural population in the Cantuquiriguaçu Territory .......... 76 Table 10 - Poverty situation at the Cantuqiuriguaçu Territory ................................................. 78 Table 11 - Questionnaires applied in the Cantuquiriguaçu Territory ....................................... 79 Table 12 - Interviewed extensionists in the Cantuquiriguaçu Territory ................................... 80 Table 13 - Distribution of urban and rural population in the Pontal do Paranapanema ........... 84 Table 14 - Producers’ conditions in the Pontal do Paranapanema Territory ............................ 86 Table 15 - Establishments’areas in the Pontal do Paranapanema Territory ............................ 87 Table 16 - Number of people over 14 years old working in Farming Establishments in the Pontal do Paranapanema Territory ........................................................................................... 87 Table 17 - Land use in the Pontal do Paranapanema Territory ................................................ 88 Table 18 - Poverty situation in the Pontal do Paranapanema Territory.................................... 91 Table 19 - ‘Bolsa Família’ in the Pontal do Paranapanema Territory ...................................... 92 Table 20 - Questionnaires applied in the Pontal do Paranapanema Territory .......................... 94 Table 21 - Interviewed extensionists in the Pontal do Paranapanema Territory ...................... 95 Table 22 - Distribution of urban and rural population in the São Paulo’s Southwestern ......... 97 Table 23- Poverty Situation in the São Paulo’s Southwestern Territory .................................. 98 Table 24 - Producers’ condition in São Paulo’s Southwestern Territory ................................. 99 Table 25 - Land use in the São Paulo’s Southwestern Territory ............................................ 100 Table 26 - Questionnaires applied in the São Paulo’s Southwestern Territory ...................... 101 Table 27 - Interviewed extensionists in the São Paulo’s Southwestern Territory .................. 101 Table 28 – Population’s distribution in the Vale do Ribeira Territory ................................... 106 Table 29 - Bolsa Família’ beneficiaries in the Vale do Ribeira Territory .............................. 107 Table 30 – Types of agricultural establishments in Vale do Ribeira Territory and Paraná State ................................................................................................................................................ 108 Table 31 - Questionnaires applied in the Vale do Ribeira Territory ...................................... 109 Table 32 - Interviewed extensionists in the Vale do Ribeira Territory .................................. 110 LIST OF CHARTS Chart 1 - Research steps ........................................................................................................... 55 Chart 2 - Weigths used according to the interviewee ............................................................... 64 Chart 3 - Weigths used according to the indicator ................................................................... 64 Chart 4 - Certified Black rural communities in the Vale do Ribeira Territory ...................... 105 LIST OF ACRONYMS AAO - Organic Agriculture Association ABCAR - Brazilian Association of Rural Credit and Assistance ABIO - Biological Farmers Association of the State of Rio de Janeiro ACAR - Rural Assistance and Credit Association AEAs - Agricultural Engineers Associations AIA - Economic and Social Development Association ANATER - National Agency for Technical Assistance and Extension ASBRAER - Brazilian Association of state entities of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension ATER - Technical Assistance and Rural Extension ATES - Service for Technical, Social and Environmental Assistance to the Agrarian Reform CEAGRO- Center of Sustainable Development and Training in Agroecology CEDRS- State Councils for Sustainable Rural Development CEFFAs - Family Centers Training by Alternation CLT- Consolidation of Labor Laws CMDRS - Municipal council for Sustainable Rural Development and Family Farming CNA - National Confederation of Agriculture CNATER - National Conference for Technical Assistance and Rural Extension CNDRS - National Council for