Haitian Revolution

Timeline Do Now

What are the steps you would take to start a revolution? I Want Students to: 1. KNOW the circumstances that brought about revolution in Haiti. 2. UNDERSTAND and explain the steps on How to Start a Revolution. 3. Complete a How to Start a Revolution Storybook (SKILLS). How to Start a Revolution Steps to Revolution: • Denial of Rights – Life, Liberty, and Property • Supporters – People who share similar oppressive lives at the hands of their leader. • Raise Resources – You need $$$ to start a revolution • Plan Your Revolution – You need to construct a strategic plan. • Put your Plan in Action – Implement your plan to overthrow the government. If your plan is solid, your revolution succeeds, if not

Viva la Revolucion Egalité for All

 Liberty  Equality  Fraternity

 http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=b69lS3aP1a4&feature=related 1400s

Over a million Taino/Arawak people lived on the island of “Hayti” Hispaniola 1492  Columbus landed on the island and named it “La Española” or “Hispaniola” 1517  Due to Spanish conquest and enslavement, the Taino/Arawak population was reduced to 60,000 people  Spain ordered that 1577 15,000 Negro slaves be shipped from Africa to Hispaniola.  Bartolomé de las Casas argued that this would relieve the stresses which were killing the native peoples in the Americas.  By 1592, fewer than 200 Taino/Arawak people remained on Hispaniola 1600s 1644  Sugar cane was introduced to the island marking the beginning of a “great economic revolution” (Korngold, 1944)  Haiti became the wealthiest, most resource-rich, most valuable colony of its age. 1697

 Through the Treaty of Ryswick, France gained control of one- third of Hispaniola, and named it Saint Domingue

 Trade began between Saint Domingue and the 13 British Colonies (the future U.S.) “The Pearl of Antilles”

 1789 - "Saint Domingue had attained a height of prosperity not surpassed in the history of European colonies. It supplied half of Europe with sugar, coffee and cotton." (Korngold, 1944) 1700s 1790 (one year after the French Revoution)  A Saint-Domingue mulatto delegation traveled to the French Assembly to request French rights for mulattos but were refused. Oct - Dec  Vincent Ogé led a failed revolt and was later executed. 1791

May  French Assembly gave full political rights to mulattos and free blacks. September  White planters in Saint Domingue objected to granting citizenship to free blacks --> Violence erupted! 1791 August 22, 1791  Boukman and Cecile Fatiman led a vodou ceremony.  This ceremony ignited a slave revolt, known as the Boukman Rebellion which sparked the Haitian Revolution Haitian Revolution: 1791 - 1803 Toussaint L’Ouverture emerged as the leader of the Haitian Revolution  A former slave, he became a brilliant general and capable administrator, defeating British, Spanish, and French troops, emancipating the slave population, and overseeing the country's initial attempts at reforming its political and social structure.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =yvpRpYIZXow&feature=related 1801  After years of battle and intense negotiations with the Spain, France, and the U.S., L’Ouverture conquered all of Hispaniola and abolished slavery  July 8th, 1801, L’Ouverture signed the Haitian Constitution 1802  French emperor, Napoleón Bonaparte, sent his brother-in-law, Victor Leclerc to Saint Domingue to re-establish slavery  L’Ouverture wrote a letter to Commander-in-Chief Jean- Jacques Dessalines asking him to burn down Port-au-Prince and stop the advance of Leclerc's troops sent to reestablish slavery --> The revolution’s fiercest battle ensued! 1802-1805 November 18, 1803  Dessalines’ army defeated France November 28, 1803 April 1802  Proclamation of Independence  L’Ouverture and Dessalines agreed to a January 1, 1804 truce with Leclerc  Saint-Domingue became the Republic of Hayti  L’Ouverture was (the name of the Island under Taino deceived and rule) imprisoned (He died on May 20, 1805 April 7,1803,)  Dessalines signed the Haitian Constitution of 1805 1825 By 1900  King Charles X of France  Haiti was spending 80% recognized the country of of its national budget Haiti in return for 150 on repayments million francs in gold,  By taking loans from payment for France’s losses the United States, due to the abolition of slavery in St. Germany and France, Domingue/Haiti. Haiti was able to pay off  Haiti was the only country in its debt in 1947 which the ex-slaves themselves were expected to pay a foreign government for their liberty