《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 CHINESE SCIENCE ABSTRACTS (Monthly, Established in 2006) Vol

《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 CHINESE SCIENCE ABSTRACTS (Monthly, Established in 2006) Vol. 10 No. 4, 2015 (Sum No. 106) Published on April 15, 2015

Chinese Science Abstracts

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中国学术期刊文摘（英文版）（月刊，2006 年创刊）第 10 卷第4 期（总第 106 期） 2015 年 4 月 15 日出版

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Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts

Hot Topic

Graphene ·Editor's Note· Graphene is a new kind of material with single layer flake-like structure which is made of carbon atoms. Related studies on graphene were first carried out in the 1970s. Graphene had been regarded as hypothetical construct and cannot stably exist alone, until professor Andre Geim from University of Manchester finally isolated Graphene from graphite to confirm the graphene can exist alone with the method of peeled off a block of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite in 2004. This finding immediately was extensively concerned by physicists, chemists and material specialists and set off a new wave of research on carbon material following the studies on fullerene and carbon nano tube. As discoverers of grapheme, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov won Nobel Prize in physics 2010, for “ground breaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material grapheme”. As a representative two-dimensional atomic crystal material, graphene has extraordinary properties: 1) high thermal conductivity (up to 5300 W·m-1·K-1) and Young’s modulus (1.0 TPa); 2) far larger specific surface area (calculated value, 2630 m2·g-1); 3) high optical transmittance (97.7%), practically totally transparent; 4) high electron mobility velocity (1/300 of the velocity of light). Graphene's electron mobility is 15000 cm2·(V·s)-1 at room temperature, and this is a high speed compared with other known materials so far. Therefore, graphene offers promising prospects for applications covering a wide frequency range, such as materials sciences, microelectronics, photics, energy sources, and biomedical sciences. In 2013, EU launched a 10-year research program called Graphene Flagship. There is a huge graphene collaborative innovation network by universities and companies in which Samsung is the center in Korea. They also formulate a detailed industry roadmap. A lot of research institutions established graphene research center such as University of Cambridge, University of Manchester, National University of Singapore and so on. China has surpassed the United States as the top nation in total number of papers about graphene, and ranks first in the world. Over the past three years, local governments《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 and companies have invested more than 400 million Yuan for research on the industrialization of graphene. With an annual output capacity of hundreds of tons, these companies can produce on a large scale for lithium ion battery and touch screen for mobile phone. Research on graphene has entered the stage of industrialization from purely theoretical research, and products which are made of graphene will certainly walk into people's daily life during the next two decades.

·Data Rankings· By March 2, 2015, according to China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS), the numbers of journal papers by retrieving ‘grapheme’ are 2482 and 35540 respectively. The number of published papers of institutions, authors, journals, and cited frequency are as follows.

Number of Published Papers of Institutions in CNKI Number of Published Papers of Institutions in WOS Institution Number of Papers Institution Number of Papers Tsinghua University 55 Chinese Academy of Sciences 3012 United States Department of Energy South China University of Technology 40 1019 (DOE) Nanjing University 38 University of California System 852 Centre National De La Recherche Peking University 38 832 Scientifique (CNRS) Tongji University 37 Nanyang Technological University 773 Tianjin University 37 Tsinghua University 669 (Sources: CNKI, Web of Science; Retrieval date: 2015.3.2)

1 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015

Number of Published Papers of Authors in CNKI Number of Published Papers of Authors in WOS Author Institution Number of Papers Author Number of Papers

YANG Quan-hong Tianjin University 20 WANG Y 374 YANG Yong-gang Institute of Coal Chemistry 12 WANG L 316 Chinese Academy of Sciences WANG Mao-chang Institute of Coal Chemistry 12 ZHANG Y 282 Chinese Academy of Sciences MA Wen-shi South China University of 11 LIU Y 259 Technology SUN Hong-juan Southwest University of 9 ZHANG H 237 Science and Technology (Sources: CNKI, Web of Science; Retrieval date: 2015.3.2)

Number of Published Papers of Journals in CNKI Number of Published Papers of Journals in WOS Journal Number of Papers Journal Number of Papers

New Chemical Materials 127 Physical Review B 2898

Materials Review 118 Applied Physics Letters 1767

Chinese Journal of Physics 108 Carbon 1209

Journal of Functional Materials《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 86 RSC Advances 945

Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 77 ACS NANO 899 (Sources: CNKI, Web of Science; Retrieval date: 2015.3.2)

According to CNKI, highly cited papers by retrieving ‘grapheme’ are as follows.

Highly Cited Papers in CNKI

Citation Title First Author Source Frequency 185 Functionalization of Graphene and Their HUANG Yi Science in China(Series B:Chemistry), Applications 2009, 39(9): 887–896 155 Graphene: Synthesis, Functionalization and HU Yao-juan Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2010, Applications in Chemistry 26(8): 2073–2086 138 Free two-dimensional carbon crystal-single-layer YANG New Carbon Materials, 2008, 23(2): graphene Quan-hong 97–103 135 Progress in graphene chemistry FU Qiang Chinese Science Bulletin, 2009, 54(18): 2657–2666 135 Research Progress in Preparation and LI Xu Materials Review, 2008, 22(8): 48–52 Characterization of Graphenes 132 Oxidized graphene and graphene based polymer YANG New Carbon Materials, 2008, 23(3): composites Yong-gang 193–200 99 Preparation and Characterization of Graphene MA Wen-shi Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities, 2010, 24(4): 719–722

2 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts

Citation Title First Author Source Frequency 94 Research Advances of Graphene XU Xiu-juan Progress in Chemistry, 2009, 21(12): 2559–2567 79 Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity for ZHANG Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, Hydrogen Evolution of TiO2/Graphene Sheets Xiao-Yan 2009, 25(11): 1903–1907 Composite 78 Preparation of graphene by chemical vapor REN Wen-cai New Carbon Materials, 2011, 26(1): deposition 71–80 (Source: CNKI; Retrieval date: 2015.3.2)

According to Web of Science, highly cited papers by retrieving ‘grapheme’ are as follows.

Highly Cited Papers in WOS

Citation Title First Author Source Frequency 16662 Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films Novoselov, K. Science, 2004, 306(5696): 666–669 S. 11833 The rise of graphene Geim, A. K. Nature Materials, 2007, 6(7): 183–191 7657 Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions Novoselov, K. Nature, 2005, 438(7065): 197–200 in graphene S. 6745 The electronic properties of graphene Castro Neto, A. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2009, 81(1): 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅H. 109–162 5954 Experimental observation of the quantum Hall Zhang, YB Nature, 2005, 438(7065): 201–204 effect and Berry's phase in graphene

4570 Graphene-based composite materials Stankovich, Nature, 2006, 442(7100): 282–286 Sasha 4036 Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic Lee, Changgu Science, 2008, 321(5887): 385–388 strength of monolayer graphene 3932 Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers Ferrari, A. C. Physical Review Letters, 2006, 97(18) Article number: 187401 3698 Graphene: Status and Prospects Geim, A. K. Science, 2009, 324(5934): 1530–1534 3541 Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for Kim, Keun Soo Nature, 2009, 457(7230): 706–710 stretchable transparent electrodes (Source: Web of Science; Retrieval date: 2015.3.2)

3 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 ·Highly Cited Papers· Citation frenquency: 185 Functionalization of Graphene and Their Applications HUANG Yi; CHEN Yong-sheng Abstract: Graphene-a flat monolayer of carbon atoms tightly packed into a two dimensional honeycomb lattice-was discovered in 2004. Due to its unusual molecular structure, grapheme shows many novel and unique physical and chemical properties, which are generating much attention in both the communities of science and indus-try. To materialize many of the prospect applications, the key is to functionalize graphene in a controlled way to achieve desired properties, such as enhanced solution processing capability, and at the same time maintain the intrinsic properties of graphene at maximum level. So in this review, we present the current status in the studies for the functionalization of graphene. Particularly, the covalent and noncovalent functionalizations of graphene are summarized. Also, the related applications using these functionalized graphene materials have been briefly introduced. Keywords: graphene, covalent, noncovalent, functionalization, applications Source: Science in China(Series B:Chemistry), 2009, 39(9): 887–896 Email: CHEN Yong-sheng; [email protected].

Citation frenquency: 155 Graphene: Synthesis, Functionalization and Applications in Chemistry HU Yao-juan; JIN Juan; ZHANG Hui; et al. Abstract: Graphene, a recently discovered carbon nanomaterial with carbon atoms tightly packed into a two dimensional honeycomb lattice, possesses many novel and unique physical and chemical properties because of its unusual monolayer atomic structure. Graphene has received a great deal of attention in fundamental and applied research. This review presents the current status of graphene synthesis, functionalization, and applications in chemistry. Specifically, the use of graphene for the fabrication of chemically modified electrodes, the preparation of chemical power sources, catalyst and medicinal matrices, and in gas sensors are summarized. Finally, further applications based on graphene are briefly introduced. Keywords: Graphene; Carbon material; Graphene oxide; Functionalization of graphene; Application of graphene Source: Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2010, 26(8): 2073–2086 Email: CAI Chen-xin; [email protected]

Citation frenquency: 138 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 Free two-dimensional carbon crystal-single-layer graphene YANG Quan-hong; LU Wei; YANG Yong-gang; et al. Abstract: Graphene is a kind of ideal two-dimensional atomic crystal, which was successfully prepared and identified in recent years. Due to many special properties graphene has attracted more and more attention from scientists in diverse areas and nowadays has become one of the hottest topics in the area of materials science and condensed-matter physics. Graphene is the building unit for all sp2 carbon materials, such as zero-dimensional fullerenes. one-dimensional carbon nanotubes and three-dimensional bulk graphite, and has many unique eletronic properties. This paper introduces the discovery history and molecular structure of graphene and reviews latest advances on unique electronic properties and potential applications. Keywords: Graphen; Two-dimensional crystal; Layered materials; Electronic properties Source: New Carbon Materials, 2008, 23(2): 97–103 Email: YANG Quan-hong; [email protected]

Citation frenquency: 135 Progress in graphene chemistry FU Qiang; BAO Xin-he Abstract: Graphene has been extensively studied in the past five years, in particular, in the field of physics. In the present review, we intend to summarize the recent progress in graphene chemistry, which has attracted increasing attention in the past three years. First, a summary is presented about the major progress on chemical routes to graphene, showing that graphene with controlled size, thickness, and electronic structure could be obtained by chemical methods, such as chemical vapor deposition. Then, the progress in functionalization, surface modification, and doping of graphene is highlighted. The graphene related materials, such as graphene oxide, graphane, N-doped graphene, have been synthesized and they display many unique physic-chemical properties. Finally, applications of graphene and the graphene related materials in chemistry, particularly, in catalysis, were described. Keywords: grapheme; graphene oxide; graphane; carbon nanotube; carbon catalysis Source: Chinese Science Bulletin, 2009, 54(18): 2657–2666 Email: FU Qiang; [email protected]

4 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts Citation frenquency: 135 Research Progress in Preparation and Characterization of Graphenes LI Xu; ZHAO Wei-feng; CHEN Guo-hua Abstract: Recently, graphene has attracted lots of interest from both fundamental and applied fields. In this paper, the physical and electric properties of grapheme are introduced briefly, and the history of the separation of grapheme is reviewed. The methods of producing graphene including GICs intercalation method, reduction of oxided-graphene method, micromechanical cleavage method, and chemical deposition method are summarized, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The characterization methods of graphene are given, and the future research direction is also pointed out in this paper. Keywords: grapheme; properties; preparation and processing; characterization; application Source: Materials Review, 2008, 22(8): 48–52 Email: CHEN Guo-hua; [email protected]

Citation frenquency: 132 Oxidized graphene and graphene based polymer composites YANG Yong-gang; CHEN Cheng-meng; WEN Yue-fang; et al. Abstract: Graphene sheets-one-atom-thick two-dimensional layers of sp2-bonded carbon-are novel nanofillers for composites with many unique properties. Graphene has attracted much attention from physical and materials scientists since became available in 2004. Here the preparation, characterization and modification routes of oxidized graphite, oxidized graphene and graphene based polymer composites are revived. Future research and possible applications are also discussed. Large-scale synthesis and application of oxidized graphene sheets can be achieved by mechanical exfoliation of graphite oxide, further chemical functionalization and dispersion in a polymermatrix. Such amethod has become a strategic starting point for the industrial application of graphene, and remarkable progress has been made in the last few years. Keywords: Graphen; Graphite oxide; Composite Source: New Carbon Materials, 2008, 23(3): 193–200 Email: YANG Yong-gang; [email protected]

Citation frenquency: 99 Preparation and Characterization of Graphene 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅MA Wen-shi; ZHOU Jun-wen; CHENG Shun-xi Abstract: Based on the Hummers method, the graphite oxide (GO) was prepared from the flake graphite through liquid oxidation; and then the graphene was prepared by using hydrazine hydrate to reduce the exfoliated graphite oxide nanosheets in the aqueous colloidal suspension. The structure and the thermal stability of graphite, graphite oxide and graphene were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TG), respectively. The results show that part of sp3-hybridized carbons in graphite oxide are reduced to sp2-hybridized carbons in graphene, and the average size of sp2-hybridized carbon layer surface of graphene is larger than that of graphite oxide, while the intensity of crystallization and the regularity of graphene are lower than that of graphite. Under our experimental conditions, the structure of the reduced graphite oxide can not be fully recovered to the original structure of the graphite before it forms graphite oxide; it means that the structure of graphene is different from that of graphite. The thermal analysis results indicate that the heat stability of graphene is much better than that of graphite oxide. Keywords: graphene; graphite oxide; structure; properties Source: Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities, 2010, 24(4): 719–722 Email: MA Wen-shi; [email protected]

Citation frenquency: 94 Research Advances of Graphene XU Xiu-juan; QIN Jin-gui; LI Zhen Abstract: Graphene is the firstfree-standing two-dimensional atomic crystalwhich hasbeen found so far. Graphene is the building block forthe sp2 carbonmaterials,such as zero-dimensional fullerenes, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes and three-dimensional bulk graphite. Also, it exhibits many remarkable electronic and mechanical properties. So it has become one of the hottesttopics in the area ofmaterials science and condensed-matterphysics nowadays and also attracted more and more attention from scientists in diverse fields, such as chemistry, materials and so on. In this paper, we briefly introduce the research advances of graphene in recent years, including the preparation, reduction, chemical modification, application, perspectives and so on. Keywords: graphene; graphene oxide (GO); functionalized graphene; sensor Source: Progress in Chemistry, 2009, 21(12): 2559–2567 Email: Li Zhen; [email protected]

5 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Citation frenquency: 79 Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution of TiO2/Graphene Sheets Composite ZHANG Xiao-yan; LI Hao-peng; CUI Xiao-li Abstract: Graphene sheets (GSs) were prepared by reduction of graphite oxide (GO), which was obtained from oxidation of graphitepowder by Hummers' method. The composite of titanium dioxide/graphene sheets (TiO2/GSs) was synthesized using tetrabutyl titanate and GSs as the starting materials by a sol-gel method. The photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution of TiO2/GSs was evaluated from water photo-splitting under ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and visible light illumination, respectively. The results showed that -1 the as-prepared TiO2/GSs composite exhibited a hydrogen evolution rate of 8.6 μmol·h under UV-Vis light irradiation, nearly two times larger than that of P25 (4.5 μmol·h-1). Total hydrogen amount about 0.2 μmol was observed within 3 h under visible light illumination for the as-prepared TiO2/GSs composite.

Keywords: graphene; TiO2; water photo-splitting; hydrogen production Source: Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2009, 25(11): 1903–1907 Email: ZHANG Xiao-yan; [email protected]

Citation frenquency: 78 Preparation of graphene by chemical vapor deposition REN Wen-cai; GAO Li-bo; MA Lai-peng; et al. Abstract: Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an effective way for the preparation of graphene with large area and high quality. In this review, the mechanism and characteristics of the fourmain preparation methods of graphene are briefly introduced, including micomechanical cleavage, chemical exfoliation, SiC epitaxial growth and CVD. The recent advances in the CVD growth of graphene and the related transfer techniques interms of structure control, quality improvement and large area graphene synthesis were discussed . Other possible methods for the CVD growth of graphene were analyzed including the synthesis and nondestructive transfer of large area single crystalline graphene, graphene nanoribbons and graphene macrostructures. Keywords: Graphene; Preparation; Chemical vapor depositior; Transfer Source: New Carbon Materials, 2011, 26(1): 71–80 Email: REN Wen-cai; [email protected]

Citation frenquency: 16662 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films Novoselov, KS; Geim, AK; Morozov, SV; et al Abstract: We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are a few atoms thick but are nonetheless stable under ambient conditions, metallic, and of remarkably high quality. The films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands, and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect such that electrons and holes in concentrations up to 1013 per square centimeter and with room-temperature mobilities of similar to 10000 square centimeters per volt-second can be induced by applying gate voltage. Keywords: graphite; nanotubes; graphene; devices Source: Science, 2004, 306(5696): 666–669 Email: Geim, A.K; [email protected]

Citation frenquency: 11833 The rise of graphene Geim, A.K; Novoselov, K. S. Abstract: Graphene is a rapidly rising star on the horizon of materials science and condensed-matter physics. This strictly two-dimensional material exhibits exceptionally high crystal and electronic quality, and, despite its short history, has already revealed a cornucopia of new physics and potential applications, which are briefly discussed here. Whereas one can be certain of the realness of applications only when commercial products appear, graphene no longer requires any further proof of its importance in terms of fundamental physics. Owing to its unusual electronic spectrum, graphene has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of 'relativistic' condensed-matter physics, where quantum relativistic phenomena, some of which are unobservable in high-energy physics, can now be mimicked and tested in table-top experiments. More generally, graphene represents a conceptually new class of materials that are only one atom thick, and, on this basis, offers new inroads into low-dimensional physics that has never ceased to surprise and continues to provide a fertile ground for applications. Keywords: dirac fermions; berrys phase; electronic-structure; bilayer graphene; graphite; films; gas; semiconductors; nucleation; surface Source: Nature Materials, 2007, 6(7): 183–191 Email: Geim, A.K; [email protected]

6 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts Citation frenquency: 7657 Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene Novoselov, KS; Geim, AK; Morozov, SV; et al. Abstract: Quantum electrodynamics (resulting from the merger of quantum mechanics and relativity theory) has provided a clear understanding of phenomena ranging from particle physics to cosmology and from astrophysics to quantum chemistry (1–3). The ideas underlying quantum electrodynamics also influence the theory of condensed matter (4,5), but quantum relativistic effects are usually minute in the known experimental systems that can be described accurately by the non-relativistic Schrodinger equation. Here we report an experimental study of a condensed-matter system (graphene, a single atomic layer of carbon (6,7)) in which electron transport is essentially governed by Dirac's (relativistic) equation. The charge carriers in graphene mimic relativistic particles with zero rest mass and have an effective 'speed of light' c* approximate to 106 m·s-1. Our study reveals a variety of unusual phenomena that are characteristic of two-dimensional Dirac fermions. In particular we have observed the following: first, graphene's conductivity never falls below a minimum value corresponding to the quantum unit of conductance, even when concentrations of charge carriers tend to zero; second, the integer quantum Hall effect in graphene is anomalous in that it occurs at half-integer filling factors; and third, the cyclotron mass m(c) of massless carriers in graphene is described by E=mc c*2. This two-dimensional system is not only interesting in itself but also allows access to the subtle and rich physics of quantum electrodynamics in a bench-top experiment. Keywords: graphite; states Source: Nature, 2005, 438(7065): 197–200 Email: Geim, A.K; [email protected]

Citation frenquency: 6745 The electronic properties of graphene Castro Neto, A.H; Guinea, F; Peres, N.M.R; et al. Abstract: This article reviews the basic theoretical aspects of graphene, a one-atom-thick allotrope of carbon, with unusual two-dimensional Dirac-like electronic excitations. The Dirac electrons can be controlled by application of external electric and magnetic fields, or by altering sample geometry and/or topology. The Dirac electrons behave in unusual ways in tunneling, confinement, and the integer quantum Hall effect. The electronic properties of graphene stacks are discussed and vary with stacking order and number of layers. Edge (surface) states in graphene depend on the edge termination (zigzag or armchair) and affect the physical properties of nanoribbons. Different types of disorder modify《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 the Dirac equation leading to unusual spectroscopic and transport properties. The effects of electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions in single layer and multilayer graphene are also presented. Keywords: carbon; electron-phonon interactions; nanostructured materials; quantum Hall effect; surface states; tight-binding calculations; tunnelling Source: Reviews of Modern Physics, 2009, 81(1): 109–162

Citation frenquency: 5954 Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene Zhang, YB; Tan, YW; Stormer, HL; et al. Abstract: When electrons are confined in two-dimensional materials, quantum-mechanically enhanced transport phenomena such as the quantum Hall effect can be observed. Graphene, consisting of an isolated single atomic layer of graphite, is an ideal realization of such a two-dimensional system. However, its behaviour is expected to differ markedly from the well-studied case of quantum wells in conventional semiconductor interfaces. This difference arises from the unique electronic properties of graphene, which exhibits electron - hole degeneracy and vanishing carrier mass near the point of charge neutrality (1, 2). Indeed, a distinctive half-integer quantum Hall effect has been predicted (3-5) theoretically, as has the existence of a non-zero Berry's phase (a geometric quantum phase) of the electron wavefunction-a consequence of the exceptional topology of the graphene band structure (6, 7). Recent advances in micromechanical extraction and fabrication techniques for graphite structures (8-12) now permit such exotic two-dimensional electron systems to be probed experimentally. Here we report an experimental investigation of magneto-transport in a high-mobility single layer of graphene. Adjusting the chemical potential with the use of the electric field effect, we observe an unusual half-integer quantum Hall effect for both electron and hole carriers in graphene. The relevance of Berry's phase to these experiments is confirmed by magneto-oscillations. In addition to their purely scientific interest, these unusual quantum transport phenomena may lead to new applications in carbon-based electronic and magneto-electronic devices. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; graphite Source: Nature, 2005, 438(7065): 201–204 Email: Kim, P; [email protected]

7 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Citation frenquency: 4570 Graphene-based composite materials Stankovich, Sasha; Dikin, Dmitriy A; Dommett, Geoffrey H.B; et al. Abstract: Graphene sheets - one- atom-thick two-dimensional layers of sp2-bonded carbon - are predicted to have a range of unusual properties. Their thermal conductivity and mechanical stiffness may rival the remarkable in-plane values for graphite (similar to 3000 W m-1 K-1 and 1060 GPa, respectively); their fracture strength should be comparable to that of carbon nanotubes for similar types of defects (1-3); and recent studies have shown that individual graphene sheets have extraordinary electronic transport properties (4-8). One possible route to harnessing these properties for applications would be to incorporate graphene sheets in a composite material. The manufacturing of such composites requires not only that graphene sheets be produced on a sufficient scale but that they also be incorporated, and homogeneously distributed, into various matrices. Graphite, inexpensive and available in large quantity, unfortunately does not readily exfoliate to yield individual graphene sheets. Here we present a general approach for the preparation of graphene-polymer composites via complete exfoliation of graphite (9) and molecular-level dispersion of individual, chemically modified graphene sheets within polymer hosts. A polystyrene - graphene composite formed by this route exhibits a percolation threshold (10) of similar to 0.1 volume per cent for room-temperature electrical conductivity, the lowest reported value for any carbon-based composite except for those involving carbon nanotubes (11); at only 1 volume per cent, this composite has a conductivity of similar to 0.1 S m-1, sufficient for many electrical applications (12). Our bottom-up chemical approach of tuning the graphene sheet properties provides a path to a broad new class of graphene-based materials and their use in a variety of applications. Keywords: thin-film particles; graphite oxide; electrical applications; carbon nanotubes; nanoplatelets; polymers; gas Source: Nature, 2006, 442(7100): 282–286 Email: Nguyen, ST; [email protected]

Citation frenquency: 4036 Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene Lee, Changgu ; Wei, Xiaoding ; Kysar, Jeffrey W.; et al. Abstract: We measured the elastic properties and intrinsic breaking strength of free-standing monolayer graphene membranes by nanoindentation in an atomic force microscope. The force-displacement behavior is interpreted within a framework of nonlinear elastic stress-strain response, and yields second- and third-order elastic stiffnesses of 340 newtons per meter (N m-1) and -690 N m-1, respectively. The breaking strength is 42 N m《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅-1 and represents the intrinsic strength of a defect-free sheet. These quantities correspond to a Young's modulus of E=1.0 terapascals, third-order elastic stiffness of D=-2.0 terapascals, and intrinsic strength of sigma(int)=130 gigapascals for bulk graphite. These experiments establish graphene as the strongest material ever measured, and show that atomically perfect nanoscale materials can be mechanically tested to deformations well beyond the linear regime. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; mechanical-properties; constants; graphite; modulus; sheets; ropes Source: Science, 2008, 321(5887): 385–388 Email: Hone, James; [email protected]

Citation frenquency: 3932 Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers Ferrari, A. C.; Meyer, J. C.; Scardaci, V.; et al. Abstract: Graphene is the two-dimensional building block for carbon allotropes of every other dimensionality. We show that its electronic structure is captured in its Raman spectrum that clearly evolves with the number of layers. The D peak second order changes in shape, width, and position for an increasing number of layers, reflecting the change in the electron bands via a double resonant Raman process. The G peak slightly down-shifts. This allows unambiguous, high-throughput, nondestructive identification of graphene layers, which is critically lacking in this emerging research area. Keywords: berrys phase; graphite; scattering; nanotubes; crystals; carbons; route; gas Source: Physical Review Letters, 2006, 97(18) Article number: 187401 Email: Ferrari, AC; [email protected]

Citation frenquency: 3698 Graphene: Status and Prospects Geim, AK Abstract: Graphene is a wonder material with many superlatives to its name. It is the thinnest known material in the universe and the strongest ever measured. Its charge carriers exhibit giant intrinsic mobility, have zero effective mass, and can travel for micrometers without scattering at room temperature. Graphene can sustain current densities six orders of magnitude higher than that of copper, shows record thermal conductivity and stiffness, is impermeable to gases, and reconciles such conflicting qualities as brittleness and ductility. Electron transport in graphene is described by a Dirac-like equation, which allows the investigation of relativistic quantum phenomena in a benchtop experiment. This review analyzes recent trends in graphene research and applications, and attempts to identify future directions in

8 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts which the field is likely to develop. Keywords: layer graphene; sheets; films; membranes; graphite Source: Science, 2009, 324(5934): 1530–1534

Citation frenquency: 3541 Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes Kim, Keun Soo; Zhao, Yue; Jang, Houk; et al Abstract: Problems associated with large- scale pattern growth of graphene constitute one of the main obstacles to using this material in device applications (1). Recently, macroscopic- scale graphene films were prepared by two-dimensional assembly of graphene sheets chemically derived from graphite crystals and graphene oxides (2, 3). However, the sheet resistance of these films was found to be much larger than theoretically expected values. Here we report the direct synthesis of large-scale graphene films using chemical vapour deposition on thin nickel layers, and present two different methods of patterning the films and transferring them to arbitrary substrates. The transferred graphene films show very low sheet resistance of similar to 280 Omega per square, with 80 per cent optical transparency. At low temperatures, the monolayers transferred to silicon dioxide substrates show electron mobility greater than 3700 cm2 V-1 s-1 and exhibit the half- integer quantum Hall effect (4, 5), implying that the quality of graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition is as high as mechanically cleaved grapheme (6). Employing the outstanding mechanical properties of grapheme (7), we also demonstrate the macroscopic use of these highly conducting and transparent electrodes in flexible, stretchable, foldable electronics (8, 9). Keywords: epitaxial graphene; silicon; oxide Source: Nature, 2009, 457(7230): 706–710 Email: Hong, BH; [email protected]

《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅

9 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 ·Recommended Papers· Influence of the Electrical Properties of Graphene by NaOH Processing TANG Chun-miao; CHEN Zhi-ying; ZHU Bo; et al. Abstract: The polymer residue left on the surface of CVD-graphene after transferring is inevitable, resulting in p-type doping in graphene. Studies have shown that this residue in general influences the electrical performance of graphene. In this paper, we found that the NaOH solution can remove the oxygenic groups in PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) efficiently,resulting in less polymer residue left. The NaOH solution was first applied in the monolayer graphene grown by CVD. By optimizing the concentration of NaOH solution, the reaction between NaOH and SiO2/Si substrate does not take place. The result shows that the carrier concentration of graphene reduced by one-third to the original one or less and the mobility of graphene changes obviously, which increasing from 880 cm2/Vs to 2260 cm2/Vs. We also compared the stability of graphene treated by water and NaOH solution, the result shows that the mobility of the water treated graphene went back to the original value quickly, but the value of mobility keeps in 1.5 times of the original one treated by NaOH solution. Keywords: Graphene; Mobility; PMMA; NaOH Source: Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2015, 33(3): 133–138 Email:YU Guang-hui; [email protected]

Application and Current Research Status of Graphene in Field Electron Emission Devices LI Jian; WANG Xiao-ping; WANG Li-jun; et al. Abstract: Field electron emission is a special quantum tunneling effect, and it provides one of the basics of vacuum micro-electronics. Cold cathode which based on filed electron emission was regarded as an ideal electron emission cathode in the future. Graphene which has a two-dimensional structure with single carbon atom layer is a new type of carbon materials, with high electron mobility, good mechanical stiffness, high thermal conductivity, and stable physics and chemical characteristics. It has attracted tremendous interests of the researchers. Meantime, graphene has high aspect ratio (the ratio of lateral size and thickness), the structure characteristics can obtain large field enhancement factor. The characteristics of graphene mentioned above made it a promising candidate for field electron emission. Theory of graphene field electron emission, development of graphene/graphene-based field emission cathode, the configuration and the preparation methods of the cathode were reviewed and the research about graphene in the field of field electron emission was also forecast. Keywords: graphene; field emission; composite cathode Source: Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2015, 33(1): 145–150 Email: WANG Xiao-ping; [email protected] 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 Progress in Measuremental Methods for Layer Numbers of Graphene YAO Ya-xuan; REN Ling-ling; GAO Si-tian; et al. Abstract: Due to its high conductivity, high toughness, high strength and large specific surface area, graphene has been widely used in fields such as electronics aerospace industry new energy sources, advanced materials etc. Study on the measuremental methods for layer numbers of graphene helps us to further understand the relationship between the performance and microstructure of graphene. In this paper, several measuremental methods for layer numbers of graphene including optical microscopy Raman spectroscopy atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) etc are discussed. The benefits and limitations for each method are also described. After comparison of these methods it is also mentioned that the relative research should be further developed. Keywords: Graphene; Layer numbers; Measuremental methods Source: Chemistry, 2015, 78(2): 100–106 Email: Ren Ling-ling; [email protected]

Electromagnetic absorption characteristics of 1-D graphene photonic crystals NING Ren-xia; LIU Shao-bin; ZHANG Hai-feng Abstract: In order to study the absorption characterisctics of 1-D graphene photonic crystal in the visible band theoretical analysis and numerical simulation were conducted by using transfer matrix method. The dependence of absorption characterisctics of 1-D graphene on graphene layers, dielectric thickness of defect layers, and electromagnetic mode were obtained. The results show that the absorption with green light of wavelength of about 556 nm is enhanced significantly with the increasing of the layers of graphene. The absorption peak will increase with the increasing of dielectric thickness of defect layer. In the TE mode, the angle of incidence has a little effect on the absorption characterisctics of graphene photonic crystal. The results provide the theoretical basis for the study of 1-D graphene photonic crystal absorbers. Keywords: optoelectronics; absorption characterisctics; transfer matrix method; graphene photonic crystal Source: Laser Technology, 2015, 39(1): 28–32 Email: NING Renxia; [email protected]

Synthesis and Electrochemical Li-storage Performance of SnS2-SnO2 /Graphene Composites MA Lin; YE Jian-bo; HUANG Guo-chuang; et al. Abstract: Objective: To prepare the nanomaterials with high specific capacity and stable cyclic performance as Li-ion battery anode.

Methods: The SnO2-SnS2/GNS composites were prepared by an L-cys-assisted hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD, SEM,

10 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts TEM and HRTEM. The electrochemical performances of the composites for reversible lithium storage were measured by cyclic voltammogram, galvanostatic charge /discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results: With the increasing amount of L-cys in the hydrothermal solution, the content of SnS2 in the low-rise structure of the composite material also increased. The SnS2/graphene 4+ nanocomposite could be prepared when the molar ratio of Sn /L-cys was 1:4. The presence of graphene inhibited the growth of SnS2 along the c-axis direction to some extent, and reduced the layer number of the layered SnS2. Conclusion: Because the two-dimensional layered SnS2 had similar morphology and microstructure to grapheme, the compositing of the layered SnS2 with graphene exhibited better synergetic effects. Therefore, the SnS2/graphene nanocomposite showed a high reversible specific capacity with stable cyclic performance and enhanced rate capability． Keywords: tin disulfide; tin oxide; graphene; nanocomposites; Li-ion battery Source: Surface Technology, 2015, 44(1): 8–14

Preparation and Supercapacitor Performance of a Flexible Nitrogen-doped Graphene Film ZHONG Qi-neng; SU Ze-long; LI Xin-lu Abstract: Objective: To improve the electrochemical performance of graphene films for supercapacitors. Methods: Flexible nitrogen-doped graphene (N-doped graphene) films with porous structure were synthesized by hydrothermal and pyrolysis methods. The structure of the N-doped graphene films were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and isotherms. The electrochemical capacitance of N-doped graphene films was examined by three-electrode system test cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge methods. Results: The experiments indicated that the flexible N-doped graphene films retained the folded and transparent characteristics of graphene oxide, and formed a three-dimensional porous structure as well. The surface area of N-doped grapheme was measured to be 280.78 m2/g by the nitrogen adsorption-desorption test. The specific discharge capacitance for the material was 169 F/g in

1.0 mol /L NaSO4 solution when the current density was 0.11 A/g. Conclusion: The doping of nitrogen atoms and the porous structure of the flexible N-doped graphene films could effectively improve the supercapacitor performance of the graphene material． Keywords: N-doped graphene; porous structure; supercapacitor Source: Surface Technology, 2015, 44(1): 51–55

Tribological Properties of Graphene-based Fe3O4 Nanocomposite Materials 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅QIAO Yu-lin; ZHAO Hai-chao; ZANG Yan

Abstract: Graphene-based Fe3O4 nanocomposite materials were prepared by the melthod of Liquid-phase UI-trasonic Exfoliation. Morphologies of nanocomposite materials were characterized by means of SEM and TEM. Its tribological properties as a pure water additive were investigated using multi-functional reciprocating friction and wear tester. The lubrication mechanism was discussed based on results of analyses of SEM, XPS. The results showed that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles with size of 20–90 nm were densely and randomly deposited on interlamination and surface of graphene sheets. The nancomposite materials as a pure water additive expressed good friction-reducing and antiwear performance. Compared with pure water, the graphene-based Fe3O4 nanocomposite can reduce the friction coefficient of 26.7% and the wear mass of 35.4% under condition of 10 N of load and 0.01wt% of concentration. The prosperity is attributed to the effect of adsorption membrane and boundary lubrication film containing graphene and Fe3O4 which inhibit oxidation of Fe and reduce wear on the frictional surface.

Keywords: raphene; Fe3O4; composite material; tribological property; wear mechanism Source: Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2015, 30(1): 41–46 Email: QIAO Yu-Lin; [email protected]

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Heat Pulse Propagation in Graphene YAO Wen-jun; CAO Bing-yang Abstract: Based on nonequilibrium molecular dynamics, heat pulse propagation in graphene is studied by imposing trapezoid, triangle or rectangle shaped heat pulses. The three kinds of heat pulses are established by velocity scaling methods. It is found that the heat pulse in grapheme propagates with finite velocity and excites two waves. One of the two waves is a sound wave, which has macroscopic momentum and propagates at the speed of sound. The other is a thermal wave, whose propagation speed is 1/ 3 of the sound velocity. The shape of the heat pulse has no influence on the thermal wave occurrence and velocities of the two waves, but it remarkably influences the peak temperature. Keywords: graphene; heat pulse propagation; thermal wave; molecular dynamics simulations Source: Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2015, 36(1): 116–119 Email: CAO Bing-Yang; [email protected]

Design and analysis of graphene-based isolator XIAO Bing-gang; XIE Zhi-yi; SUN Run-liang Abstract: A novel isolator which was applied in the 3rd generation telecommunication was theoretically designed and analyzed based on

11 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 graphene. The proposed isolator is composed of two wire grid polarizers and one Faraday rotator. The Faraday rotator is composed of

Si/SiO2 thin films, multilayer graphenes and quartz substrate. Because the graphene in bias magnetic field has gyrotropy and non-reciprocity properties, when the plane wave is propagating in both directions of the isolator, the electric field of the plane wave will be inclined ±30. Thus the forward transmitted plane wave will pass through the isolator with almost identical, but the backward transmitted plane wave will be totally reflected. The isolation was calculated by using the transmission matrix method. Results indicate that the isolator is in good isolation performance with the isolation above 12 dB and the insertion loss lower than -1.63 dB in the working frequency range from 1.8 to 2.2 GHz. Keywords: isolator; graphene; Faraday rotator; 3rd generation telecommunication Source: Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science), 2015, 49(1): 42–46 Email: XIAO Bing-Yang; [email protected]

Research Status and Prospect of Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Graphene on Copper Substrate YU Jiali; XIN Binjie Abstract: Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of graphene on copper substrate is being widely studied as an important method to prepare this material currently. The approaches of preparing graphene are briefly introduced，and chemical vapor deposition which could he used to grow large-area, controllable and high-quality graphene is pointed out. Meanwhile, the mechanism of graphene grown on copper substrate by chemical vapor deposition is expounded. Also the advances in the substrate materials, different process conditions and transfer techniques of CVD-grown graphene on copper substrate are mainly reviewed. It would he confirmed that chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene on copper meshes instead of copper foils would have good prospect of application. Finally, several directions of development of CVD-grown graphene on copper substrate are proposed. Keywords: grapheme; copper substrate; chemical vapor deposition; growth mechanism Source: Materials Review, 2015, 29(1): 66–71 Email: XIN Binjie; [email protected]

Research on thermal stability of single layer graphene in air ambient LI Yun; WANG Quan Abstract: High quality and large area single layer graphene was prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscope were used to characterise the grapheme before and after thermal treatment in air ambient. Thermal stability of single《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 layer graphene in air ambient was studied. The results indicate that after thermal treatment in air ambient, the defects in graphene increase obviously, and the crystalline grain of graphene is refined, which are due to the slight oxidation with the formation of C=O, C—OH bond on the surface of graphene after thermal treatment in air ambient. The surface morphology of graphene on substrate became smoother because of the change of binding form between graphene and substrate after thermal treatment. Keywords: graphene; CVD; thermal treatment; raman spectra; XPS; AFM Source: Electronic Components and Materials, 2015, 34(1): 18–21 Email: WANG Quan; [email protected]

Generic miniband structure of graphene on a hexagonal substrate Wallbank, J. R; Patel, A.A; Mucha-Kruczynski, M; et al. Abstract: Using a general symmetry-based approach, we provide a classification of generic miniband structures for electrons in graphene placed on substrates with the hexagonal Bravais symmetry. In particular, we identify conditions at which the first moire miniband is separated from the rest of the spectrum by either one or a group of three isolated mini Dirac points and is not obscured by dispersion surfaces coming from other minibands. In such cases, the Hall coefficient exhibits two distinct alternations of its sign as a function of charge carrier density. Keywords: scanning-tunneling-microscopy; boron-nitride; band-structure; scale Source: Physical Review B, 2013, 87(24) Article number: 245408

Hyperbolic metamaterials based on multilayer graphene structures Iorsh, Ivan V; Mukhin, Ivan S; Shadrivov, Ilya V; et al. Abstract: We propose metamaterials for THz frequencies based on multilayer graphene structures. We calculate the dielectric permittivity tensor of the effective nonlocal medium with a periodic stack of graphene layers and demonstrate that tuning from elliptic to hyperbolic dispersion can be achieved with an external gate voltage. We reveal that such graphene structures can demonstrate a giant Purcell effect that can be used for boosting the THz emission in semiconductor devices. Tunability of these structures can be enhanced further with an external magnetic field which leads to the unconventional hybridization of the TE and TM polarized waves. Keywords: boron-nitride; plasmons; transparency; hyperlens; photonics Source: Physical Review B, 2013, 87(7) Article number: 075416

12 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts

Effect of grain boundaries on thermal transport in graphene Serov, Andrey Y; Ong, Zhun-Yong; Pop, Eric Abstract: We investigate the influence of grain boundaries (GBs), line defects (LDs), and chirality on thermal transport in graphene using non-equilibrium Green's functions. At room temperature, the ballistic thermal conductance is similar to 4.2 GW m-2 K-1, and single GBs or LDs yield transmission from 50% to 80% of this value. LDs with carbon atom octagon defects have lower thermal transmission than that of GBs with pentagon and heptagon defects. We apply our findings to study the thermal conductivity of polycrystalline graphene for practical applications, and find that the type and size of GBs play an important role when grain sizes are smaller than a few hundred nanometers. Keywords: molecular-dynamics; nanoribbon interconnects; resistivity; defect Source: Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 102(3) Article number: 033104 Email: Pop, E; [email protected]

Production of a 100-m-long high-quality graphene transparent conductive film by roll-to-roll chemical vapor deposition and transfer process Kobayashi, Toshiyuki; Bando, Masashi; Kimura, Nozomi; et al. Abstract: A high-quality graphene transparent conductive film was fabricated by roll-to-roll chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis on a suspended copper foil and subsequent transfer. While the high temperature required for the CVD synthesis of high-quality graphene has prevented efficient roll-to-roll production thus far, we used selective Joule heating of the copper foil to achieve this. Low pressure thermal CVD synthesis and a direct roll-to-roll transfer process using photocurable epoxy resin allowed us to fabricate a 100-m-long graphene transparent conductive film with a sheet resistance as low as 150 Omega/sq, which is comparable to that of state-of-the-art CVD-grown graphene films. Keywords: monolayer graphene; copper; growth; Cu Source: Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 102(2) Article number: 023112 Email: Kobayashi, T; [email protected]

Graphene-based transparent strain sensor Bae, Sang-Hoon; Lee, Youngbin; Sharma, Bhupendra K; et al. Abstract: Transparent strain sensors based on graphene were fabricated in a form of rosette on a flexible plastic or stretchable rubber substrate by using reactive ion etching《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 and stamping techniques. Their piezoresistive properties were investigated under a tensile strain up to 7.1%. We demonstrated this sensor on a transparent glove and measured magnitudes and directions of the principal strains on the glove induced by the motion of fingers. Keywords: light-emitting-diodes; thin-films; carbon; mechanics Source: Carbon, 2013, 51:236–242 Email: Kim, JH; [email protected]

The effect of graphene dispersion on the mechanical properties of graphene/epoxy composites Tang, Long-Cheng; Wan, Yan-Jun; Yan, Dong; et al. Abstract: The effect of dispersion state of graphene on mechanical properties of graphene/epoxy composites was investigated. The graphene sheets were exfoliated from graphite oxide (GO) via thermal reduction (thermally reduced GO, RGO). Different dispersions of RGO sheets were prepared with and without ball mill mixing. It was found that the composites with highly dispersed RGO showed higher glass transition temperature (T-g) and strength than those with poorly dispersed RGO, although no significant differences in both the tensile and flexural moduli are caused by the different dispersion levels. In particular, the T-g was increased by nearly 11 degrees C with the addition of 0.2wt% well dispersed RGO to epoxy. As expected, the highly dispersed RGO also produced one or two orders of magnitude higher electrical conductivity than the corresponding poorly dispersed RGO. Furthermore, an improved quasi-static fracture toughness (K-IC) was measured in the case of good dispersion. The poorly and highly dispersed RGO at 0.2wt% loading resulted in about 24% and 52% improvement in K-IC of cured epoxy thermosets, respectively. RGO sheets were observed to bridge the micro-crack and debond/delaminate during fracture process due to the poor filler/matrix and filler/filler interface, which should be the key elements of the toughening effect. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; polymer nanocomposites; graphite oxide; electrical-conductivity; functionalized graphene; epoxy nanocomposites; fracture mechanisms; poly(vinyl alcohol); thermal-properties; sheets Source: Carbon, 2013, 60: 16–27 Email: Tang, Long-Cheng; [email protected]

An overview of the engineered graphene nanostructures and nanocomposites Zhu, Jiahua; Chen, Minjiao; He, Qingliang; et al. Abstract: This critical reviewfocuses on the property analysis of graphene and graphene nanocomposites (GNCs) and their demonstrated superior performances in energy storage and conversion, electrochemical-and biosensing, environmental remediation and flame retardant

13 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 application and atomic thickness membrane separation. The performances of graphene and GNCs are strongly dependent on their chemical component, synthetic method, nanoscale morphology, and assembling structure of the hybrids. The current progress in supercapacitor energy storage density, solar cell power conversion efficiency, thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency, electrochemical sensing capability, biosensor sensitivity, heavy metal adsorption capacity and efficiency, photocatalytic degradation rate of organic dye, flame retardant polymer nanocomposites, graphene and porous graphene membranes is discussed with detailed examples through extensive analysis of the literature. Keywords: intumescent flame-retardant; high-performance supercapacitors; sensitized solar-cells; step electrochemical synthesis; chemical-vapor-deposition; hydrogen-peroxide sensor; in-situ polymerization; one-pot synthesis; functionalized graphene; graphite oxide Source: RSC Advances, 2013, 3(45): 22790–22824 Email: Guo, ZH; [email protected]

Designing band gap of graphene by B and N dopant atoms Rani, Pooja; Jindal, V. K Abstract: Ab initio calculations have been performed to study the geometry and electronic structure of boron (B) and nitrogen (N) doped graphene sheets. The effect of doping has been investigated by varying the concentrations of dopants from 2% (one atom of the dopant in 50 host atoms) to 12% (six dopant atoms in 50 atoms host atoms) and also by considering different doping sites for the same concentration of substitutional doping. All of the calculations have been performed using VASP (Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package) based on density functional theory. By B and N doping, p-type and n-type doping are induced, respectively, in the graphene sheet. While the planar structure of the graphene sheet remains unaffected on doping, the electronic properties change from semi-metal to semiconductor with increasing number of dopants. It has been observed that isomers formed by choosing different doping sites differ significantly in the stability, bond length and band gap introduced. The band gap is found to be at a maximum when dopants are placed at same sublattice points of graphene due to the combined effect of symmetry breaking of sublattices and the band gap is closed when dopants are placed at adjacent positions (alternate sublattice positions). These interesting results provide the possibility of tuning the band gap of graphene as required and its application in electronic devices, such as replacements to Pt-based catalysts in Polymer Electrolytic Fuel Cells (PEFCs). Source: RSC Advances, 2015, 3(3): 802–812 Email: Rani, P; [email protected]

Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Two-Dimensional Materials Beyond Graphene Butler, Sheneve Z; Hollen, Shawna M; Cao, Linyou; et al. Abstract: Graphene's success has《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 shown that it is possible to create stable, single and few-atom-thick layers of van der Waals materials, and also that these materials can exhibit fascinating and technologically useful properties. Here we review the state-of-the-art of 2D materials beyond graphene. Initially, we will outline the different chemical classes of 2D materials and discuss the various strategies to prepare single-layer, few-layer, and multilayer assembly materials in solution, on substrates, and on the wafer scale. Additionally, we present an experimental guide for identifying and characterizing single-layer-thick materials, as well as outlining emerging techniques that yield both local and global information. We describe the differences that occur in the electronic structure between the bulk and the single layer and discuss various methods of tuning their electronic properties by manipulating the surface. Finally, we highlight the properties and advantages of single-, few-, and many-layer 2D materials in field-effect transistors, spin- and valley-tronics, thermoelectrics, and topological insulators, among many other applications. Keywords: two-dimensional materials; graphene; nanosheets; graphane; van der Waals epitaxy; van der Waals solid Source: ACS NANO, 2013, 7(4): 2898–2926 Email: Goldberger, JE; [email protected]

Graphene Nanoribbon and Nanostructured SnO2 Composite Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries Lin, Jian; Peng, Zhiwei; Xiang, Changsheng; et al.

Abstract: A composite made from graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles (NPs) is synthesized and used as the anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The conductive GNRs, prepared using sodium/potassium unzipping of multiwall carbon nanotubes, can boost the lithium storage performance of SnO2 NPs. The composite, as an anode material for LIBs, exhibits reversible capacities of over 1520 and 1130 mAh/g for the first discharge and charge, respectively, which is more than the theoretical capacity of SnO2. The reversible capacity retains similar to 825 mAh/g at a current density of 100 mA/g with a Coulombic efficiency of 98% after 50 cycles. Further, the composite shows good power performance with a reversible capacity of similar to 580 mAh/g at the current density of 2 A/g.

The high capacity, good power performance and retention can be attributed to uniformly distributed SnO2 NPs along the high-aspect-ratio

GNRs. The GNRs act as conductive additives that buffer the volume changes of SnO2 during cycling. This work provides a starting point for exploring the composites made from GNRs and other transition metal oxides for lithium storage applications.

Keywords: graphene nanoribbons; GNRs; SnO2; lithium ion batteries; capacity Source: ACS NANO, 2013, 7(7): 6001–6006

(Editor in charge: WANG Shuai-shuai, WEI Xia-wen)

14 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts

High Impact Papers

Highly Cited Papers TOP5 Source: Web of Science Publication date: 2013.1—2014.11 Retrieval date: 2014.12.1

Psychology Mathematical Citation frequency: 22 Philosophy and the practice of Bayesian statistics Gelman, A; Shalizi, CR Abstract: A substantial school in the philosophy of science identifies Bayesian inference with inductive inference and even rationality as such, and seems to be strengthened by the rise and practical success of Bayesian statistics. We argue that the most successful forms of Bayesian statistics do not actually support that particular philosophy but rather accord much better with sophisticated forms of hypothetico-deductivism. We examine the actual role played by prior distributions in Bayesian models, and the crucial aspects of model checking and model revision, which fall outside the scope of Bayesian confirmation theory. We draw on the literature on the consistency of Bayesian updating and also on our experience of applied work in social science. Clarity about these matters should benefit not just philosophy of science, but also statistical practice. At best, the inductivist view has encouraged researchers to fit and compare models without checking them; at worst, theorists have actively discouraged practitioners from performing model checking because it does not fit into their framework. Keywords: composite null models; goodness-of-fit; p-values; multiparty electorates; spatial-distribution; probabilistic model; hierarchical-models; social-research; party support; 2nd levels Source: British Journal of Mathematical & Statistical Psychology, 2013, 66(1): 8–38 Email: Gelman, A; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 19 Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅Hayes, AF; Preacher, KJ Abstract: Virtually all discussions and applications of statistical mediation analysis have been based on the condition that the independent variable is dichotomous or continuous, even though investigators frequently are interested in testing mediation hypotheses involving a multicategorical independent variable (such as two or more experimental conditions relative to a control group). We provide a tutorial illustrating an approach to estimation of and inference about direct, indirect, and total effects in statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable. The approach is mathematically equivalent to analysis of (co) variance and reproduces the observed and adjusted group means while also generating effects having simple interpretations. Supplementary material available online includes extensions to this approach and Mplus, SPSS, and SAS code that implements it. Keywords: effect size; models; regression; interventions; strategies; moderation; behavior; system; path Source: British Journal of Mathematical & Statistical Psychology, 2014, 67(3): 451–470 Email: Hayes, AF; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 11 Replication, statistical consistency, and publication bias Francis, G Abstract: Scientific methods of investigation offer systematic ways to gather information about the world; and in the field of psychology application of such methods should lead to a better understanding of human behavior. Instead, recent reports in psychological science have used apparently scientific methods to report strong evidence for unbelievable claims such as precognition. To try to resolve the apparent conflict between unbelievable claims and the scientific method many researchers turn to empirical replication to reveal the truth. Such an approach relies on the belief that true phenomena can be successfully demonstrated in well-designed experiments, and the ability to reliably reproduce an experimental outcome is widely considered the gold standard of scientific investigations. Unfortunately, this view is incorrect; and misunderstandings about replication contribute to the conflicts in psychological science. Because experimental effects in psychology are measured by statistics, there should almost always be some variability in the reported outcomes. An absence of such variability actually indicates that experimental replications are invalid, perhaps because of a bias to suppress contrary findings or because the experiments were run improperly. Recent investigations have demonstrated how to identify evidence of such invalid experiment sets and noted its appearance for prominent findings in experimental psychology. The present manuscript explores those investigative methods by using computer simulations to demonstrate their properties and limitations. The methods are shown to be a check on the statistical consistency of a set of experiments by comparing the reported power of the experiments with the reported frequency of statistical significance. Overall, the

15 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 methods are extremely conservative about reporting inconsistency when experiments are run properly and reported fully. The manuscript also considers how to improve scientific practice to avoid inconsistency, and discusses criticisms of the investigative method. Keywords: post hoc power; unethical behavior; exploratory test; social-class; p-values; psychology; metaanalysis; prevalence; confidence; decisions Source: Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 2013, 57(5): 153–169 Email: Francis, G; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 10 Multidimensionality and Structural Coefficient Bias in Structural Equation Modeling: A Bifactor Perspective Reise, SP; Scheines, R; Widaman, KF; et al. Abstract: In this study, the authors consider several indices to indicate whether multidimensional data are "unidimensional enough" to fit with a unidimensional measurement model, especially when the goal is to avoid excessive bias in structural parameter estimates. They examine two factor strength indices (the explained common variance and omega hierarchical) and several model fit indices (root mean square error of approximation, comparative fit index, and standardized root mean square residual). These statistics are compared in population correlation matrices determined by known bifactor structures that vary on the (a) relative strength of general and group factor loadings, (b) number of group factors, and (c) number of items or indicators. When fit with a unidimensional measurement model, the degree of structural coefficient bias depends strongly and inversely on explained common variance, but its effects are moderated by the percentage of correlations uncontaminated by multidimensionality, a statistic that rises combinatorially with the number of group factors. When the percentage of uncontaminated correlations is high, structural coefficients are relatively unbiased even when general factor strength is low relative to group factor strength. On the other hand, popular structural equation modeling fit indices such as comparative fit index or standardized root mean square residual routinely reject unidimensional measurement models even in contexts in which the structural coefficient bias is low. In general, such statistics cannot be used to predict the magnitude of structural coefficient bias. Keywords: item response models; quality-of-life; unidimensionality; fit; reliability; criteria; issues; common; tests Source: Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2013, 73(1): 5–26 Email: Reise, SP; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 7 A clusterwise simultaneous component method for capturing within-cluster differences in 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅component variances and correlations De Roover, K; Ceulemans, E; Timmerman, ME; et al. Abstract: This paper presents a clusterwise simultaneous component analysis for tracing structural differences and similarities between data of different groups of subjects. This model partitions the groups into a number of clusters according to the covariance structure of the data of each group and performs a simultaneous component analysis with invariant pattern restrictions (SCA-P) for each cluster. These restrictions imply that the model allows for between-group differences in the variances and the correlations of the cluster-specific components. As such, clusterwise SCA-P is more flexible than the earlier proposed clusterwise SCA-ECP model, which imposed equal average cross-products constraints on the component scores of the groups that belong to the same cluster. Using clusterwise SCA-P, a finer-grained, yet parsimonious picture of the group differences and similarities can be obtained. An algorithm for fitting clusterwise SCA-P solutions is presented and its performance is evaluated by means of a simulation study. The value of the model for empirical research is illustrated with data from psychiatric diagnosis research. Keywords: personality; rotation Source: British Journal of Mathematical & Statistical Psychology, 2013, 66(1): 81–102 Email: De Roover, K; [email protected]

Psychology Multidisciplinary Citation frequency: 92 Executive Functions Diamond, A Abstract: Executive functions (EFs) make possible mentally playing with ideas; taking the time to think before acting; meeting novel, unanticipated challenges; resisting temptations; and staying focused. Core EFs are inhibition [response inhibition (self-control-resisting temptations and resisting acting impulsively) and interference control (selective attention and cognitive inhibition)], working memory, and cognitive flexibility (including creatively thinking "outside the box," seeing anything from different perspectives, and quickly and flexibly adapting to changed circumstances). The developmental progression and representative measures of each are discussed. Controversies are addressed (e.g., the relation between EFs and fluid intelligence, self-regulation, executive attention, and effortful control, and the relation between working memory and inhibition and attention). The importance of social, emotional, and physical health for cognitive health is discussed because stress, lack of sleep, loneliness, or lack of exercise each impair EFs. That EFs are trainable and can be improved with

16 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts practice is addressed, including diverse methods tried thus far. Keywords: working-memory capacity; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; frontal-lobe lesions; short-term-memory; reactive cognitive control; event-related potentials; latent-variable analysis; obstructive sleep-apnea; adult age-differences; top-down modulation Source: Annual Review of Psychology, 2013, 64: 135–168 Email: Diamond, A; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 52 The Endocannabinoid System and the Brain Mechoulam, R; Parker, LA Abstract: The psychoactive constituent in cannabis, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), was isolated in the mid-1960s, but the cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, and the major endogenous cannabinoids (anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol) were identified only 20 to 25 years later. The cannabinoid system affects both central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral processes. In this review, we have tried to summarize research-with an emphasis on recent publications-on the actions of the endocannabinoid system on anxiety, depression, neurogenesis, reward, cognition, learning, and memory. The effects are at times biphasic-lower doses causing effects opposite to those seen at high doses. Recently, numerous endocannabinoid-like compounds have been identified in the brain. Only a few have been investigated for their CNS activity, and future investigations on their action may throw light on a wide spectrum of brain functions. Keywords: cannabinoid CB2 receptors; short-term-memory; impairs spatial memory; induced heroin-seeking; knock-out mice; monoacylglycerol lipase; anandamide hydrolysis; basolateral amygdala; synaptic plasticity; squirrel-monkeys Source: Annual Review of Psychology, 2013, 64: 21–47 Email: Mechoulam, R; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 49 The Malleability of Spatial Skills: A Meta-Analysis of Training Studies Uttal, DH; Meadow, NG; Tipton, E; et al. Abstract: Having good spatial skills strongly predicts achievement and attainment in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields (e.g., Shea, Lubinski, & Benbow, 2001; Wai, Lubinski, & Benbow, 2009). Improving spatial skills is therefore of both theoretical and practical importance. To determine whether and to what extent training and experience can improve these skills, we meta-analyzed 217 research studies investigating the magnitude, moderators, durability, and generalizability of training on spatial skills. After eliminating outliers, the average effect size (Hedges's《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 g) for training relative to control was 0.47 (SE = 0.04). Training effects were stable and were not affected by delays between training and posttesting. Training also transferred to other spatial tasks that were not directly trained. We analyzed the effects of several moderators, including the presence and type of control groups, sex, age, and type of training. Additionally, we included a theoretically motivated typology of spatial skills that emphasizes 2 dimensions: intrinsic versus extrinsic and static versus dynamic (Newcombe & Shipley, in press). Finally, we consider the potential educational and policy implications of directly training spatial skills. Considered together, the results suggest that spatially enriched education could pay substantial dividends in increasing participation in mathematics, science, and engineering. Keywords: water-level task; field-dependence-independence; video-game experience; mental-rotation; sex-differences; gender-differences; visualization ability; individual-differences; 3-dimensional objects; childrens performance Source: Psychological Bulletin, 2013, 139(2): 352–402 Email: Uttal, DH; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 43 Distinguishing How From Why the Mind Wanders: A Process-Occurrence Framework for Self-Generated Mental Activity Smallwood, J Abstract: Cognition can unfold with little regard to the events taking place in the environment, and such self-generated mental activity poses a specific set of challenges for its scientific analysis in both cognitive science and neuroscience. One problem is that the spontaneous onset of self-generated mental activity makes it hard to distinguish the events that control the occurrence of the experience from those processes that ensure the continuity of an internal train of thought once initiated. This review demonstrates that a distinction between process and occurrence (a) provides theoretical clarity that has been absent from current discussions of self-generated mental activity, (b) affords conceptual leverage on seemingly disparate results associating the state with both domain-general processes and task error, and (c) draws attention to important questions for understanding unconstrained thought in contexts such as psychopathology and education. It is suggested that identifying the moment that self-generated mental events begin is a necessary next step in moving toward a testable account of why the mind has evolved to neglect the present in favor of ruminations on the past or imaginary musings of what may yet come to pass. Keywords: working-memory capacity; stimulus-independent thought; attention-related errors; default network; sustained attention; executive attention; visual-perception; prefrontal cortex; cognitive control; social cognition Source: Psychological Bulletin, 2013, 139(3): 519–535 Email: Smallwood, J; [email protected]

17 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Citation frequency: 39 Does Low Self-Esteem Predict Depression and Anxiety? A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies Sowislo, JF; Orth, U Abstract: Low self-esteem and depression are strongly related, but there is not yet consistent evidence on the nature of the relation. Whereas the vulnerability model states that low self-esteem contributes to depression, the scar model states that depression erodes self-esteem. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the models are specific for depression or whether they are also valid for anxiety. We evaluated the vulnerability and scar models of low self-esteem and depression, and low self-esteem and anxiety, by meta-analyzing the available longitudinal data (covering 77 studies on depression and 18 studies on anxiety). The mean age of the samples ranged from childhood to old age. In the analyses, we used a random-effects model and examined prospective effects between the variables, controlling for prior levels of the predicted variables. For depression, the findings supported the vulnerability model: The effect of self-esteem on depression (beta = -0.16) was significantly stronger than the effect of depression on self-esteem (beta =-0.08). In contrast, the effects between low self-esteem and anxiety were relatively balanced: Self-esteem predicted anxiety with beta = -0.10, and anxiety predicted self-esteem with beta = -0.08. Moderator analyses were conducted for the effect of low self-esteem on depression; these suggested that the effect is not significantly influenced by gender, age, measures of self-esteem and depression, or time lag between assessments. If future research supports the hypothesized causality of the vulnerability effect of low self-esteem on depression, interventions aimed at increasing self-esteem might be useful in reducing the risk of depression. Keywords: national comorbidity survey; excessive reassurance-seeking; cross-temporal metaanalysis; narcissistic personality-inventory; confirmatory factor-analyses; negative feedback-seeking; birth cohort differences; stressful life events; middle-aged women; dsm-iv disorders Source: Psychological Bulletin, 2013, 139(1): 213–240 Email: Sowislo, JF; [email protected]

Psychology Psychoanalysis Citation frequency: 5 Fibromyalgia syndrome as a psychosomatic disorder - Diagnosis and therapy according to current evidence-based guidelines Hauser, W; Burgmer, M; Kollner, V; et al. Abstract: Fibromyalgia syndrome as a psychosomatic disorder Diagnosis and therapy according to current evidence-based guidelines Objectives: The classification and《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 therapy of patients with chronic widespread pain without evidence of somatic factors as an explanation is currently a matter of debate. The diagnostic label "fibromyalgia syndrome" (FMS) has been rejected by some representatives of general and psychosomatic medicine. Methods: A summary is given of the main recommendations from current evidence-based guidelines on FMS and nonspecific/functional/ somatoform bodily complaints. Results: The criteria of FMS and of persistent somatoform pain disorder or chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors partly overlap. They include differential clinical characteristics of persons with chronic widespread pain but without sufficiently explaining somatic factors. Not all patients diagnosed with FMS meet the criteria of a persistent somatoform pain disorder. FMS is a functional disorder, in which in most patients psychosocial factors play an important role in both the etiology and course of illness. FMS can be diagnosed by looking at the history of a typical symptom cluster and excluding somatic differential diagnoses (without a tender point examination) using the modified 2010 diagnostic criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. Various levels of severity of FMS can be distinguished from a psychosomatic point of view, ranging from slight (single functional syndrome) to severe (meeting the criteria of multiple functional syndromes) forms of chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors, of persistent somatoform pain disorder or of a somatization disorder. The diagnosis of FMS as a functional syndrome/stress-associated disorder should be explicitly communicated to the patient. A therapy within collaborative care adapted to the severity should be provided. For long-term management, nonpharmacological therapies such as aerobic exercise are recommended. In more severe cases, psychotherapy of comorbid mental disorders should be conducted. Conclusions: The coordinated recommendations of both guidelines can synthesize general medical, somatic, and psychosocial perspectives, and can promote graduated care of patients diagnosed with FMS. Keywords: functional somatic syndromes; somatoform disorders; mental-disorders; pain; metaanalysis; care; classification; psychotherapy; patient Source: Zeitschrift Fur Psychosomatische Medizin Und Psychotherapie, 2013, 59(2): 132–152 Email: Hauser, W; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 4 The future of psychotherapy in psychosomatic medicine Beutel, ME; Kruse, J; Michal, M; et al. Abstract: Objective: To review the current perspectives and trends of psychotherapy as a key area of psychosomatic medicine with regard

18 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts to both societal and scientific challenges as well as patient health care services. Also, to draw conclusions regarding the future training and practice of psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy. Results: Psychotherapy is confronted with many new challenges because of the high prevalence of mental and psychosomatic disorders, because of their increasing recognition as major health problems and because of the rapid technological and demographic changes going on in modern society. Despite its growth, psychotherapeutic care is still limited in many, especially rural, regions and for patients with complex psychosomatic and somatopsychic disorders. Conclusions: New models of training as well as integrated and multimodal care are needed in order to provide both, rapid, low-threshold and specialized, disorder-specific care. Keywords: randomized controlled-trial; german health interview; global mental-health; stress reactivity; disorders; workplace; internet; network; disease; risk Source: Zeitschrift Fur Psychosomatische Medizin Und Psychotherapie, 2013, 59(1): 33–50 Email: Beutel, ME; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 4 Treatment of mental and psychosomatic complaints - How the general population in Germany gets treatment, and what it expects and knows about treatment alternatives Larisch, A; Heuft, G; Engbrink, S; et al. Abstract: Treatment of mental and psychosomatic complaints How the general population in Germany gets treatment, and what it expects and knows about treatment alternatives Objectives: The healthcare sector provides a wide range of services with various treatment approaches for mental or psychosomatic complaints. The present study assesses treatment preferences and knowledge within the general population in Germany. Methods: In 2011, a total of n = 2555 individuals aged 14-97 years were interviewed as part of a representative population survey. Using a structured interview, we examined the retrospective, current, and prospective utilization of outpatient psychotherapy, treatment preferences, and knowledge of the alternatives. Results: Outpatient psychotherapy was currently or in the past used by 7.1 % of respondents, inpatient psychotherapy by 3.2 %. Medical psychotherapists were consulted by 12.5 %, psychological psychotherapists by 8.8 % of the respondents. Future treatment expectations were directed more frequently towards medical than psychological psychotherapists. The primary care physician continues to play a pivotal role in the treatment of mental/psychosomatic《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 disorders. Treatment expectations were largely independent of the type of disorder. Women were nearly twice as likely as men to utilize or have utilized outpatient psychotherapy (9.1 % vs. 4.8 %). Discussion: The existing outpatient care for patients with mental or psychosomatic complaints is well accepted among large parts of the the population. For mental or psychosomatic problems, the majority of respondents prefer a medical psychotherapist. Further research needs to clarify which factors determine this preference. Keywords: primary-care; psychiatric comorbidity; illness behavior; health-care; unmet need; disorders; psychotherapy; prevalence; physicians; europe Source: Zeitschrift Fur Psychosomatische Medizin Und Psychotherapie, 2013, 59(2): 153–169 Email: Larisch, A; [email protected]–giessen.de

Citation frequency: 3 Depressives have the better view - the influence of mood on the recognition of emotional expression Beck, T; Mitmansgruber, H; Kumnig, M; et al. Abstract: Objectives: There are different approaches to whether depressed people perceive their environment differently than nondepressed. We analyzed whether depressed patients show greater deficits in decoding emotional expressions than nondepressives. Methods: A sample of 52 depressed patients and a sample of 72 nondepressed persons were investigated as to their ability to identify emotionally laden facial expressions (computer-assisted presentation of photos). Results: Our results demonstrate significant differences between depressive patients and nondepressive persons in the ability to decode the emotional states of others. In four out of six tests the depressive persons achieved significantly better results. Conclusions: We suggest that these results can be interpreted as further evidence for the concept of depressive emotional realism. Keywords: cultural-differences; intertrial interval; realism; judgments; bias Source: Zeitschrift Fur Psychosomatische Medizin Und Psychotherapie, 2013, 59(3): 247–253 Email: Beck, T; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 3 The efficacy of psychodynamic therapy: a controversy Leichsenring, F; Rabung, S Abstract: The efficacy of psychodynamic therapy: a controversy There is growing evidence from randomized controlled trials supporting

19 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 the efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy (PDT) in specific mental disorders. Yet the evidence for the efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy has not gone unchallenged. Several responses have addressed these concerns, showing that most of the criticism was not justified. Nevertheless, the evidence for psychodynamic psychotherapy continues to be frequently ignored, criticized or presented in a distorted way. A recent controversy published in the Nervenarzt may serve as an illustrative example, which is discussed here more in detail. This example shows that some authors are not interested in a truly scientific discussion, but rather try to discredit a rival method of psychotherapy and its scientific representatives for political reasons. Keywords: cognitive-behavioral therapy; randomized controlled-trials; borderline personality-disorder; collaborative research-program; term psychoanalytic-therapy; interpersonal psychotherapy; treatment integrity; treatment duration; depression; metaanalysis Source: Zeitschrift Fur Psychosomatische Medizin Und Psychotherapie, 2013, 59(1): 13–32 Email: Leichsenring, F; [email protected]–giessen.de

Psychology Citation frequency: 177 Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal Barr, DJ; Levy, R; Scheepers, C; et al. Abstract: Linear mixed-effects models (LMEMs) have become increasingly prominent in psycholinguistics and related areas. However, many researchers do not seem to appreciate how random effects structures affect the generalizability of an analysis. Here, we argue that researchers using LMEMs for confirmatory hypothesis testing should minimally adhere to the standards that have been in place for many decades. Through theoretical arguments and Monte Carlo simulation, we show that LMEMs generalize best when they include the maximal random effects structure justified by the design. The generalization performance of LMEMs including data-driven random effects structures strongly depends upon modeling criteria and sample size, yielding reasonable results on moderately-sized samples when conservative criteria are used, but with little or no power advantage over maximal models. Finally, random-intercepts-only LMEMs used on within-subjects and/or within-items data from populations where subjects and/or items vary in their sensitivity to experimental manipulations always generalize worse than separate F-1 and F-2 tests, and in many cases, even worse than F-1 alone. Maximal LMEMs should be the 'gold standard' for confirmatory hypothesis testing in psycholinguistics and beyond. Keywords: fixed-effect fallacy; repeated-measures designs; linear mixed models; language Source: Journal of Memory and Language,《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 2013, 68(3): 255–278 Email: Barr, DJ; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 92 Executive Functions Diamond, A Abstract: Executive functions (EFs) make possible mentally playing with ideas; taking the time to think before acting; meeting novel, unanticipated challenges; resisting temptations; and staying focused. Core EFs are inhibition [response inhibition (self-control-resisting temptations and resisting acting impulsively) and interference control (selective attention and cognitive inhibition)], working memory, and cognitive flexibility (including creatively thinking "outside the box," seeing anything from different perspectives, and quickly and flexibly adapting to changed circumstances). The developmental progression and representative measures of each are discussed. Controversies are addressed (e.g., the relation between EFs and fluid intelligence, self-regulation, executive attention, and effortful control, and the relation between working memory and inhibition and attention). The importance of social, emotional, and physical health for cognitive health is discussed because stress, lack of sleep, loneliness, or lack of exercise each impair EFs. That EFs are trainable and can be improved with practice is addressed, including diverse methods tried thus far. Keywords: working-memory capacity; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; frontal-lobe lesions; short-term-memory; reactive cognitive control; event-related potentials; latent-variable analysis; obstructive sleep-apnea; adult age-differences; top-down modulation Source: Annual Review of Psychology, 2013, 64: 135–168 Email: Diamond, A; [email protected]

20 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts investigated for their CNS activity, and future investigations on their action may throw light on a wide spectrum of brain functions. Keywords: cannabinoid CB2 receptors; short-term-memory; impairs spatial memory; induced heroin-seeking; knock-out mice; monoacylglycerol lipase; anandamide hydrolysis; basolateral amygdala; synaptic plasticity; squirrel-monkeys Source: Annual Review of Psychology, 2013, 64: 21–47 Email: Mechoulam, R; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 49 The Malleability of Spatial Skills: A Meta-Analysis of Training Studies Uttal, DH; Meadow, NG; Tipton, E; et al. Abstract: Having good spatial skills strongly predicts achievement and attainment in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields (e.g., Shea, Lubinski, & Benbow, 2001; Wai, Lubinski, & Benbow, 2009). Improving spatial skills is therefore of both theoretical and practical importance. To determine whether and to what extent training and experience can improve these skills, we meta-analyzed 217 research studies investigating the magnitude, moderators, durability, and generalizability of training on spatial skills. After eliminating outliers, the average effect size (Hedges's g) for training relative to control was 0.47 (SE =0.04). Training effects were stable and were not affected by delays between training and posttesting. Training also transferred to other spatial tasks that were not directly trained. We analyzed the effects of several moderators, including the presence and type of control groups, sex, age, and type of training. Additionally, we included a theoretically motivated typology of spatial skills that emphasizes 2 dimensions: intrinsic versus extrinsic and static versus dynamic (Newcombe & Shipley, in press). Finally, we consider the potential educational and policy implications of directly training spatial skills. Considered together, the results suggest that spatially enriched education could pay substantial dividends in increasing participation in mathematics, science, and engineering. Keywords: water-level task; field-dependence-independence; video-game experience; mental-rotation; sex-differences; gender-differences; visualization ability; individual-differences; 3-dimensional objects; childrens performance Source: Psychological Bulletin, 2013, 139(2): 352–402 Email: Uttal, DH; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 43 Distinguishing How From Why the Mind Wanders: A Process-Occurrence Framework for Self-Generated Mental Activity 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅Smallwood, J Abstract: Cognition can unfold with little regard to the events taking place in the environment, and such self-generated mental activity poses a specific set of challenges for its scientific analysis in both cognitive science and neuroscience. One problem is that the spontaneous onset of self-generated mental activity makes it hard to distinguish the events that control the occurrence of the experience from those processes that ensure the continuity of an internal train of thought once initiated. This review demonstrates that a distinction between process and occurrence (a) provides theoretical clarity that has been absent from current discussions of self-generated mental activity, (b) affords conceptual leverage on seemingly disparate results associating the state with both domain-general processes and task error, and (c) draws attention to important questions for understanding unconstrained thought in contexts such as psychopathology and education. It is suggested that identifying the moment that self-generated mental events begin is a necessary next step in moving toward a testable account of why the mind has evolved to neglect the present in favor of ruminations on the past or imaginary musings of what may yet come to pass. Keywords: working-memory capacity; stimulus-independent thought; attention-related errors; default network; sustained attention; executive attention; visual-perception; prefrontal cortex; cognitive control; social cognition Source: Psychological Bulletin, 2013, 139(3): 519–535 Email: Smallwood, J; [email protected]

Radiology Nuclear Medicine Medical Imaging Citation frequency: 101 White matter integrity, fiber count, and other fallacies: The do's and don'ts of diffusion MRI Jones, DK; Knosche, TR; Turner, R Abstract: Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) has been increasingly used in imaging neuroscience over the last decade. An early form of this technique, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was rapidly implemented by major MRI scanner companies as a scanner selling point. Due to the ease of use of such implementations, and the plausibility of some of their results. DTI was leapt on by imaging neuroscientists who saw it as a powerful and unique new tool for exploring the structural connectivity of human brain. However, DTI is a rather approximate technique, and its results have frequently been given implausible interpretations that have escaped proper critique and have appeared misleadingly in journals of high reputation. In order to encourage the use of improved DW-MRI methods, which have a better chance of characterizing the actual fiber structure of white matter, and to warn against the misuse and misinterpretation of DTI, we review the physics of DW-MRI, indicate currently preferred methodology, and explain the limits of interpretation of its results. We conclude with a list of 'Do's and Don'ts' which define good practice in this expanding area of imaging neuroscience.

21 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Keywords: non-gaussian diffusion; human brain; tensor MRI; water diffusion; in-vivo; weighted MRI; spherical deconvolution; alzheimers-disease; gray-matter; orientation distributions Source: Neuroimage, 2013, 73: 239–254 Email: Jones, DK; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 92 Recommendations for the Management of Subsolid Pulmonary Nodules Detected at CT: A Statement from the Fleischner Society Naidich, DP; Bankier, AA; MacMahon, H; et al. Abstract: This report is to complement the original Fleischner Society recommendations for incidentally detected solid nodules by proposing a set of recommendations specifically aimed at subsolid nodules. The development of a standardized approach to the interpretation and management of subsolid nodules remains critically important given that peripheral adenocarcinomas represent the most common type of lung cancer, with evidence of increasing frequency. Following an initial consideration of appropriate terminology to describe subsolid nodules and a brief review of the new classification system for peripheral lung adenocarcinomas sponsored by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), American Thoracic Society (ATS), and European Respiratory Society (ERS), six specific recommendations were made, three with regard to solitary subsolid nodules and three with regard to multiple subsolid nodules. Each recommendation is followed first by the rationales underlying the recommendation and then by specific pertinent remarks. Finally, issues for which future research is needed are discussed. The recommendations are the result of careful review of the literature now available regarding subsolid nodules. Given the complexity of these lesions, the current recommendations are more varied than the original Fleischner Society guidelines for solid nodules. It cannot be overemphasized that these guidelines must be interpreted in light of an individual's clinical history. Given the frequency with which subsolid nodules are encountered in daily clinical practice, and notwithstanding continuing controversy on many of these issues, it is anticipated that further refinements and modifications to these recommendations will be forthcoming as information continues to emerge from ongoing research. Keywords: ground-glass opacity; cell lung-cancer; thin-section CT; positron-emission-tomography; high-resolution CT; noninvasive bronchioloalveolar carcinoma; growth-factor receptor; part-solid-nodules; computed-tomography; follow-up Source: Radiology, 2013, 266(1): 304–317 Email: Naidich, DP; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 86 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data Satterthwaite, TD; Elliott, MA; Gerraty, RT; et al. Abstract: Several recent reports in large, independent samples have demonstrated the influence of motion artifact on resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rsfc-MRI). Standard rsfc-MRI preprocessing typically includes regression of confounding signals and band-pass filtering. However, substantial heterogeneity exists in how these techniques are implemented across studies, and no prior study has examined the effect of differing approaches for the control of motion-induced artifacts. To better understand how in-scanner head motion affects rsfc-MRI data, we describe the spatial, temporal, and spectral characteristics of motion artifacts in a sample of 348 adolescents. Analyses utilize a novel approach for describing head motion on a voxelwise basis. Next, we systematically evaluate the efficacy of a range of confound regression and filtering techniques for the control of motion-induced artifacts. Results reveal that the effectiveness of preprocessing procedures on the control of motion is heterogeneous, and that improved preprocessing provides a substantial benefit beyond typical procedures. These results demonstrate that the effect of motion on rsfc-MRI can be substantially attenuated through improved preprocessing procedures, but not completely removed. Keywords: physiological noise correction; fMRI time-series; human brain; cerebral-cortex; global signal; networks; fluctuations; optimization; model; anticorrelations Source: Neuroimage, 2013, 64: 240–256 Email: Satterthwaite, TD; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 73 A comprehensive assessment of regional variation in the impact of head micromovements on functional connectomics Yan, CG; Cheung, B; Kelly, C; et al. Abstract: Functional connectomics is one of the most rapidly expanding areas of neuroimaging research. Yet, concerns remain regarding the use of resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI) to characterize inter-individual variation in the functional connectome. In particular, recent findings that "micro" head movements can introduce artifactual inter-individual and group-related differences in R-fMRI metrics have raised concerns. Here, we first build on prior demonstrations of regional variation in the magnitude of framewise displacements associated with a given head movement, by providing a comprehensive voxel-based examination of the impact of motion on the BOLD signal (i.e.,

22 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts motion-BOLD relationships). Positive motion-BOLD relationships were detected in primary and supplementary motor areas, particularly in low motion datasets. Negative motion-BOLD relationships were most prominent in prefrontal regions, and expanded throughout the brain in high motion datasets (e.g., children). Scrubbing of volumes with FD > 0.2 effectively removed negative but not positive correlations; these findings suggest that positive relationships may reflect neural origins of motion while negative relationships are likely to originate from motion artifact. We also examined the ability of motion correction strategies to eliminate artifactual differences related to motion among individuals and between groups for a broad array of voxel-wise R-fMRI metrics. Residual relationships between motion and the examined R-fMRI metrics remained for all correction approaches, underscoring the need to covary motion effects at the group-level. Notably, global signal regression reduced relationships between motion and inter-individual differences in correlation-based R-fMRI metrics; Z-standardization (mean-centering and variance normalization) of subject-level maps for R-fMRI metrics prior to group-level analyses demonstrated similar advantages. Finally, our test-retest (TRT) analyses revealed significant motion effects on TRT reliability for R-fMRI metrics. Generally, motion compromised reliability of R-fMRI metrics, with the exception of those based on frequency characteristics particularly, amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF). The implications of our findings for decision-making regarding the assessment and correction of motion are discussed, as are insights into potential differences among volume-based metrics of motion. Keywords: prospective motion correction; fMRI time-series; independent component analysis; resting-state fMRI; human brain; connectivity MRI; global signal; noise correction; networks; regression Source: Neuroimage, 2013, 76(1): 183–201 Email: Milham, MP; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 72 EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations on the Clinical Use of Ultrasound Elastography. Part 1: Basic Principles and Technology Bamber, J; Cosgrove, D; Dietrich, CF; et al. Abstract: The technical part of these Guidelines and Recommendations, produced under the auspices of EFSUMB, provides an introduction to the physical principles and technology on which all forms of current commercially available ultrasound elastography are based. A difference in shear modulus is the common underlying physical mechanism that provides tissue contrast in all elastograms. The relationship between the alternative technologies is considered in terms of the method used to take advantage of this. The practical advantages and disadvantages associated with each of the techniques are described, and guidance is provided on optimisation of scanning technique, image display, image interpretation《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 and some of the known image artefacts. Keywords: acoustic radiation force; in-vivo demonstration; transient elastography; elastic properties; soft-tissue; liver fibrosis; hepatitis-c; breast; strain; contrast Source: Ultraschall in Der Medizin, 2013, 34(2): 169–184 Email: Bamber, J; [email protected]

Remote Sensing Citation frequency: 56 Satellite-derived land surface temperature: Current status and perspectives Li, ZL; Tang, BH; Wu, H; et al. Abstract: Land surface temperature (LST) is one of the key parameters in the physics of land surface processes from local through global scales. The importance of LST is being increasingly recognized and there is a strong interest in developing methodologies to measure LST from space. However, retrieving LST is still a challenging task since the LST retrieval problem is ill-posed. This paper reviews the current status of selected remote sensing algorithms for estimating LST from thermal infrared (TIR) data. A brief theoretical background of the subject is presented along with a survey of the algorithms employed for obtaining LST from space-based TIR measurements. The discussion focuses on TIR data acquired from polar-orbiting satellites because of their widespread use, global applicability and higher spatial resolution compared to geostationary satellites. The theoretical framework and methodologies used to derive the LST from the data are reviewed followed by the methodologies for validating satellite-derived LST. Directions for future research to improve the accuracy of satellite-derived LST are then suggested. Keywords: thermal-infrared data; split-window algorithm; track scanning radiometer; high-resolution radiometer; neural-network technique; remote-sensing data; emissivity separation algorithm; 2-step physical algorithm; passive microwave data; in-flight validation Source: Remote Sensing of Environment, 2013, 131: 14–37 Email: Li, ZL; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 47 Finer resolution observation and monitoring of global land cover: first mapping results with Landsat TM and ETM+ data Gong, P; Wang, J; Yu, L; et al. Abstract: We have produced the first 30 m resolution global land-cover maps using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced

23 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data. We have classified over 6600 scenes of Landsat TM data after 2006, and over 2300 scenes of Landsat TM and ETM+ data before 2006, all selected from the green season. These images cover most of the world's land surface except Antarctica and Greenland. Most of these images came from the United States Geological Survey in level L1T (orthorectified). Four classifiers that were freely available were employed, including the conventional maximum likelihood classifier (MLC), J4.8 decision tree classifier, Random Forest (RF) classifier and support vector machine (SVM) classifier. A total of 91433 training samples were collected by traversing each scene and finding the most representative and homogeneous samples. A total of 38664 test samples were collected at preset, fixed locations based on a globally systematic unaligned sampling strategy. Two software tools, Global Analyst and Global Mapper developed by extending the functionality of Google Earth, were used in developing the training and test sample databases by referencing the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer enhanced vegetation index (MODIS EVI) time series for 2010 and high resolution images from Google Earth. A unique land-cover classification system was developed that can be crosswalked to the existing United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) land-cover classification system as well as the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) system. Using the four classification algorithms, we obtained the initial set of global land-cover maps. The SVM produced the highest overall classification accuracy (OCA) of 64.9% assessed with our test samples, with RF (59.8%), J4.8 (57.9%), and MLC (53.9%) ranked from the second to the fourth. We also estimated the OCAs using a subset of our test samples (8629) each of which represented a homogeneous area greater than 500 mx500 m. Using this subset, we found the OCA for the SVM to be 71.5%. As a consistent source for estimating the coverage of global land-cover types in the world, estimation from the test samples shows that only 6.90% of the world is planted for agricultural production. The total area of cropland is 11.51% if unplanted croplands are included. The forests, grasslands, and shrublands cover 28.35%, 13.37%, and 11.49% of the world, respectively. The impervious surface covers only 0.66% of the world. Inland waterbodies, barren lands, and snow and ice cover 3.56%, 16.51%, and 12.81% of the world, respectively. Keywords: earth observation data; remotely-sensed data; satellite data; research priorities; accuracy assessment; use classification; brazilian amazon; aerial imagery; large areas; vegetation Source: International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2013, 34(7): 2607–2654 Email: Gong, P; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 36 Land surface emissivity retrieval from satellite data Li, ZL; Wu, H; Wang, N; et al. Abstract: As an intrinsic property《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 of natural materials, land surface emissivity (LSE) is an important surface parameter and can be derived from the emitted radiance measured from space. Besides radiometric calibration and cloud detection, two main problems need to be resolved to obtain LSE values from space measurements. These problems are often referred to as land surface temperature (LST) and emissivity separation from radiance at ground level and as atmospheric corrections in the literature. To date, many LSE retrieval methods have been proposed with the same goal but different application conditions, advantages, and limitations. The aim of this article is to review these LSE retrieval methods and to provide technical assistance for estimating LSE from space. This article first gives a description of the theoretical basis of LSE measurements and then reviews the published methods. For clarity, we categorize these methods into (1) (semi-)empirical or theoretical methods, (2) multi-channel temperature emissivity separation (TES) methods, and (3) physically based methods (PBMs). This article also discusses the validation methods, which are of importance in verifying the uncertainty and accuracy of retrieved emissivity. Finally, the prospects for further developments are given. Keywords: thermal infrared data; airborne imaging spectrometer; reflection radiometer aster; 2-step physical algorithm; m atmospheric window; remote-sensing data; mu-m; directional emissivity; bidirectional reflectance; split-window Source: International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2013, 34(9–10): 3084–3127 Email: Li, ZL; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 36 Global Data Sets of Vegetation Leaf Area Index (LAI)3g and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR)3g Derived from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI3g) for the Period 1981 to 2011 Zhu, ZC; Bi, J; Pan, YZ; et al. Abstract: Long-term global data sets of vegetation Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation absorbed by vegetation (FPAR) are critical to monitoring global vegetation dynamics and for modeling exchanges of energy, mass and momentum between the land surface and planetary boundary layer. LAI and FPAR are also state variables in hydrological, ecological, biogeochemical and crop-yield models. The generation, evaluation and an example case study documenting the utility of 30-year long data sets of LAI and FPAR are described in this article. A neural network algorithm was first developed between the new improved third generation Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI3g) and best-quality Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LAI and FPAR products for the overlapping period 2000-2009. The trained neural network algorithm was then used to generate corresponding LAI3g and FPAR3g data sets with the following attributes: 15-day temporal

24 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts frequency, 1/12 degree spatial resolution and temporal span of July 1981 to December 2011. The quality of these data sets for scientific research in other disciplines was assessed through (a) comparisons with field measurements scaled to the spatial resolution of the data products, (b) comparisons with broadly-used existing alternate satellite data-based products, (c) comparisons to plant growth limiting climatic variables in the northern latitudes and tropical regions, and (d) correlations of dominant modes of interannual variability with large-scale circulation anomalies such as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation. These assessment efforts yielded results that attested to the suitability of these data sets for research use in other disciplines. The utility of these data sets is documented by comparing the seasonal profiles of LAI3g with profiles from 18 state-of-the-art Earth System Models: the models consistently overestimated the satellite-based estimates of leaf area and simulated delayed peak seasonal values in the northern latitudes, a result that is consistent with previous evaluations of similar models with ground-based data. The LAI3g and FPAR3g data sets can be obtained freely from the NASA Earth Exchange (NEX) website. Keywords: net primary production; MODIS-LAI product; remote-sensing data; satellite data; land-cover; biophysical parameters; multiscale analysis; biosphere model; spot-vegetation; north-america Source: Remote Sensing, 2013, 5(2): 927–948 Email: Zhu, ZC; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 31 Making better use of accuracy data in land change studies: Estimating accuracy and area and quantifying uncertainty using stratified estimation Olofsson, P; Foody, GM; Stehman, SV; et al. Abstract: The area of land use or land cover change obtained directly from a map may differ greatly from the true area of change because of map classification error. An error-adjusted estimator of area can be easily produced once an accuracy assessment has been performed and an error matrix constructed. The estimator presented is a stratified estimator which is applicable to data acquired using popular sampling designs such as stratified random, simple random and systematic (the stratified estimator is often labeled a poststratified estimator for the latter two designs). A confidence interval for the area of land change should also be provided to quantify the uncertainty of the change area estimate. The uncertainty of the change area estimate, as expressed via the confidence interval, can then subsequently be incorporated into an uncertainty analysis for applications using land change area as an input (e.g., a carbon flux model). Accuracy assessments published for land change studies should report the information required to produce the stratified estimator of change area and to construct confidence intervals. However, an evaluation《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 of land change articles published between 2005 and 2010 in two remote sensing journals revealed that accuracy assessments often fail to include this key information. We recommend that land change maps should be accompanied by an accuracy assessment that includes a clear description of the sampling design (including sample size and, if relevant, details of stratification), an error matrix, the area or proportion of area of each category according to the map, and descriptive accuracy measures such as user's, producer's and overall accuracy. Furthermore, mapped areas should be adjusted to eliminate bias attributable to map classification error and these error-adjusted area estimates should be accompanied by confidence intervals to quantify the sampling variability of the estimated area. Using data from the published literature, we illustrate how to produce error-adjusted point estimates and confidence intervals of land change areas. A simple analysis of uncertainty based on the confidence bounds for land change area is applied to a carbon flux model to illustrate numerically that variability in the land change area estimate can have a dramatic effect on model outputs. Keywords: remotely-sensed data; thematic map accuracy; cover change; classification accuracy; satellite data; tropical deforestation; urban-growth; biodiversity; allocation; inference Source: Remote Sensing of Environment, 2013, 129: 122–131 Email: Olofsson, P; [email protected]

Reproductive Biology Citation frequency: 53 Restoration of ovarian activity and pregnancy after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue: a review of 60 cases of reimplantation Donnez, J; Dolmans, MM; Pellicer, A; et al. Abstract: Aggressive chemotherapy/radiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation can cure >90% of girls and young women affected by disorders requiring such treatment. However, the ovaries are very sensitive to cytotoxic drugs, especially to alkylating agents. Several options are currently available to preserve fertility in cancer patients. The present review reports the results of 60 orthotopic reimplantations of cryopreserved ovarian tissue performed by three teams, as well as 24 live births reported in the literature to date. Restoration of ovarian activity occurred in almost all cases in the three series. Among the 60 patients, eleven conceived and six of those had already delivered twelve healthy babies. In the future, we are looking to: 1) improve freezing techniques; and 2) enhance the "vascular bed'' before reimplantation to increase pregnancy rates. On the other hand, cryopreservation of ovarian tissue may be combined with removal, via puncture, of small antral follicles, making it possible to freeze both ovarian tissue and isolated immature oocytes. Keywords: monozygotic twins discordant; bone-marrow-transplantation; pre-antral follicles; fertility preservation; live birth;

25 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 follicular-growth; oocyte retrieval; cortical tissue; young-patients; failure Source: Fertility and Sterility, 2013, 99(6): 1503–1513 Email: Donnez, J; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 44 Why do singletons conceived after assisted reproduction technology have adverse perinatal outcome? Systematic review and meta-analysis Pinborg, A; Wennerholm, UB; Romundstad, LB; et al. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Assisted reproduction technology (ART) is used worldwide, at increasing rates, and data show that some adverse outcomes occur more frequently than following spontaneous conception (SC). Possible explanatory factors for the well-known adverse perinatal outcome in ART singletons were evaluated. METHODS: PubMed and Cochrane databases from 1982 to 2012 were searched. Studies using donor or frozen oocytes were excluded, as well as those with no control group or including <100 children. The main outcome measure was preterm birth (PTB defined as delivery <37 weeks of gestation), and a random effects model was used for meta-analyses of PTB. Other outcomes were very PTB, low-birthweight (LBW), very LBW, small for gestational age and perinatal mortality. RESULTS: The search returned 1255 articles and 65 of these met the inclusion criteria. The following were identified as predictors for PTB in singletons: SC in couples with time to pregnancy (TTP) > I year versus SC singletons in couples with TTP <= 1 year [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22, 1.50]; IVF/ICSI versus SC singletons from subfertile couples (TTP > 1 year; AOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.30, 1.85); conception after ovulation induction and/or intrauterine insemination versus SC singletons where TTP < 1 year (AOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.21, 1.74); IVF/ICSI singletons versus their non-ART singleton siblings (AOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.08, 1.49). The risk of PTB in singletons with a 'vanishing co-twin' versus from a single gestation was AOR of 1.73 (95% CI 1.54, 1.94) in the narrative data. ICSI versus IVF (AOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.93), and frozen embryo transfer versus fresh embryo transfer (AOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76, 0.94) were associated with a lower risk of PTB. CONCLUSIONS: Subfertility is a major risk factor for adverse perinatal outcome in ART singletons, however, even in the same mother an ART singleton has a poorer outcome than the non-ART sibling; hence, factors related to the hormone stimulation and/or IVF methods per se also may play a part. Further research is required into mechanisms of epigenetic modification in human embryos and the effects of cryo-preservation on this, whether milder ovarian stimulation regimens can improve embryo quality and endometrial conditions, and whether longer culture times for embryos《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 has a negative influence on the perinatal outcome. Keywords: in-vitro fertilization; low-birth-weight; double-embryo-transfer; intracytoplasmic sperm injection; long-term health; ovarian stimulation; oocyte donation; increased risk; children born; cryopreserved embryos Source: Human Reproduction Update, 2013, 19(2): 87–104 Email: Pinborg, A; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 41 Added value of ovarian reserve testing on patient characteristics in the prediction of ovarian response and ongoing pregnancy: an individual patient data approach Broer, SL; van Disseldorp, J; Broeze, KA; et al. Abstract: Although ovarian reserve tests (ORTs) are frequently used prior to IVF treatment for outcome prediction, their added predictive value is unclear. We assessed the added value of ORTs to patient characteristics in the prediction of IVF outcome. An individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis from published studies was performed. Studies on FSH, anti-Mllerian hormone (AMH) or antral follicle count (AFC) in women undergoing IVF were identified and authors were contacted. Using random intercept logistic regression models, we estimated the added predictive value of ORTs for poor response and ongoing pregnancy after IVF, relative to patient characteristics. We were able to collect 28 study databases, comprising 5705 women undergoing IVF. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) for female age in predicting poor response was 0.61. AFC and AMH each significantly improved the model fit (P-value 0.001). Moreover, almost a similar accuracy was reached using AMH or AFC alone (AUC 0.78 and 0.76, respectively). Combining the two tests, however, did not improve prediction (AUC 0.80, P 0.19) of poor response. In predicting ongoing pregnancy after IVF, age was the best single predictor (AUC 0.57), and none of the ORTs added any value. This IPD meta-analysis demonstrates that AFC and AMH clearly add to age in predicting poor response. As single tests, AFC and AMH both fully cover the prediction of poor ovarian response. In contrast, none of the ORTs add any information to the limited capacity of female age to predict ongoing pregnancy after IVF. The clinical usefulness of ORTs prior to IVF will be limited to the prediction of ovarian response. Keywords: in-vitro fertilization; follicle-stimulating-hormone; anti-mullerian hormone; assisted reproductive technology; intracytoplasmic sperm injection; randomized clinical-trial; basal fsh concentration; antimullerian hormone; inhibin-b; IVF treatment Source: Human Reproduction Update, 2013, 19(1): 26–36 Email: Broer, SL; S.L.Broer–[email protected]

26 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts Citation frequency: 36 Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 2009: results generated from European registers by ESHRE Ferraretti, AP; Goossens, V; Kupka, M; et al. Abstract: The 13th European in vitro fertilization (IVF)-monitoring (EIM) report presents the results of treatments involving assisted reproductive technology (ART) initiated in Europe during 2009: are there any changes in the trends compared with previous years? Despite some fluctuations in the number of countries reporting data, the overall number of ART cycles has continued to increase year by year and, while pregnancy rates in 2009 remained similar to those reported in 2008, the number of transfers with multiple embryos (3) and the multiple delivery rates declined. Since 1997, ART data in Europe have been collected and reported in 12 manuscripts, published in Human Reproduction. Retrospective data collection of European ART data by the EIM Consortium for the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE); cycles started between 1st January and 31st December are collected on a yearly basis; the data are collected by the National Registers, when existing, or on a voluntary basis. From 34 countries (2 compared with 2008), 1005 clinics reported 537463 treatment cycles including: IVF (135621), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI, 266084), frozen embryo replacement (FER, 104153), egg donation (ED, 21604), in vitro maturation (IVM, 1334), preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening (PGD/PGS, 4389) and frozen oocyte replacements (FOR, 4278). European data on intrauterine insemination using husband/partners semen (IUI-H) and donor (IUI-D) semen were reported from 21 and 18 countries, respectively. A total of 162843 IUI-H (12.7) and 29235 IUI-D (17.3) cycles were included. Data available from each country are presented in the tables; total values (as numbers and percentages) refer to those countries where all data have been reported. In 21 countries where all clinics reported to the ART register, a total of 399020 ART cycles were performed in a population of 373.8 million, corresponding to 1067 cycles per million inhabitants. For IVF, the clinical pregnancy rates per aspiration and per transfer were 28.9 and 32.9, respectively and for ICSI, the corresponding rates were 28.7 and 32.0. In FER cycles, the pregnancy rate per thawing was 20.9; in ED cycles, the pregnancy rate per transfer was 42.3. The delivery rate after IUI-H was 8.3 and 13.4 after IUI-D. In IVF and ICSI cycles, 1, 2, 3 and 4 embryos were transferred in 24.2, 57.7, 16.9 and 1.2, respectively. The proportions of singleton, twin and triplet deliveries after IVF and ICSI (combined) were 79.8, 19.4 and 0.8, respectively, resulting in a total multiple delivery rate of 20.2, compared with 21.7 in 2008, 22.3 in 2007, 20.8 in 2006 and 21.8 in 2005. In FER cycles, the multiple delivery rate was 13.0 (12.7 twins and 0.3 triplets). Twin and triplet delivery rates associated with IUI cycles were 10.4/0.7 and 10.3/0.5, following treatment with husband and donor semen, respectively. The method of reporting varies among《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 countries, and registers from a number of countries have been unable to provide some of the relevant data such as initiated cycles and deliveries. As long as data are incomplete and generated through different methods of collection, results should be interpreted with caution. The 13th ESHRE report on ART shows a continuing expansion of the number of treatment cycles in Europe, with more than half a million of cycles reported in 2009. The use of ICSI has reached a plateau. Pregnancy and delivery rates after IVF and ICSI remained relatively stable compared with 2008 and 2007. The number of multiple embryo transfers (3 embryos) and the multiple delivery rate have shown a clear decline. The study has no external funding; all costs are covered by ESHRE. There are no competing interests. Keywords: sperm injection; countries; trends Source: Human Reproduction, 2013, 28(9): 2318–2331 Email: Ferraretti, AP; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 36 Blastocyst biopsy with comprehensive chromosome screening and fresh embryo transfer significantly increases in vitro fertilization implantation and delivery rates: a randomized controlled trial Scott, RT; Upham, KM; Forman, EJ; et al. Abstract: Objective: To determine whether blastocyst biopsy and rapid quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based comprehensive chromosome screening (CCS) improves in vitro fertilization (IVF) implantation and delivery rates. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Academic reproductive medicine center. Patient(s): Infertile couples in whom the female partner (or oocyte donor) is between the ages of 21 and 42 years who are attempting conception through IVF. Intervention(s): Embryonic aneuploidy screening. Main Outcome Measure(s): Sustained implantation and delivery rates. Result(s): We transferred 134 blastocysts to 72 patients in the study (CCS) group and 163 blastocysts to 83 patients in the routine care (control) group. Sustained implantation rates (probability that an embryo will implant and progress to delivery) were statistically significantly higher in the CCS group (89 of 134; 66.4%) compared with those from the control group (78 of 163; 47.9%). Delivery rates per cycle were also statistically significantly higher in the CCS group. Sixty one of 72 treatment cycles using CCS led to delivery (84.7%),

27 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 and 56 of 83 (67.5%) control cycles ultimately delivered. Outcomes were excellent in both groups, but use of CCS clearly improved patient outcomes. Conclusion(s): Blastocyst biopsy with rapid qPCR-based comprehensive chromosomal screening results in statistically significantly improved IVF outcomes, as evidenced by meaningful increases in sustained implantation and delivery rates. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT01219283. Keywords: live birth; single; metaanalysis; aneuploidy Source: Fertility and Sterility, 2013, 100(3): 697–703 Email: Scott, RT; [email protected]

Respiratory System Citation frequency: 461 Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease GOLD Executive Summary Vestbo, J; Hurd, SS; Agusti, AG; et al. Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem, and since 2001, the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) has published its strategy document for the diagnosis and management of COPD. This executive summary presents the main contents of the second 5-year revision of the GOLD document that has implemented some of the vast knowledge about COPD accumulated over the last years. Today, GOLD recommends that spirometry is required for the clinical diagnosis of COPD to avoid misdiagnosis and to ensure proper evaluation of severity of airflow limitation. The document highlights that the assessment of the patient with COPD should always include assessment of (1) symptoms, (2) severity of airflow limitation, (3) history of exacerbations, and (4) comorbidities. The first three points can be used to evaluate level of symptoms and risk of future exacerbations, and this is done in a way that splits patients with COPD into four categories-A, B, C, and D. Nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic management of COPD match this assessment in an evidence-based attempt to relieve symptoms and reduce risk of exacerbations. Identification and treatment of comorbidities must have high priority, and a separate section in the document addresses management of comorbidities as well as COPD in the presence of comorbidities. The revised document also contains a new section on exacerbations of COPD. The GOLD initiative will continue to bring COPD to the attention of all relevant shareholders and will hopefully Keywords: randomized controlled-trial; air-flow obstruction; positive-pressure ventilation; requiring mechanical ventilation; respiratory- tract infections; protected specimen《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 brush; lung-function impairment; acute copd exacerbation; heart-failure; salmeterol/fluticasone propionate Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2013, 187(4): 347–365 Email: Vestbo, J; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 142 Fifth INTERMACS annual report: Risk factor analysis from more than 6000 mechanical circulatory support patients Kirklin, JK; Naftel, DC; Kormos, RL; et al. Abstract: The 5th annual report of the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) summarizes and analyzes the first 6 years of patient and data collection. The current analysis includes more than 6000 patients and updated risk factors for continuous flow pumps. Among continuous flow pumps, actuarial survival is 80% at 1 year and 70% at 2 years. Quality of life indicators are generally favorable and adverse event burden will likely influence patient selections of advanced heart failure therapies. Source: Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 2013, 32(2): 141–156 Email: Kirklin, JK; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 82 Molecular Testing Guideline for Selection of Lung Cancer Patients for EGFR and ALK Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Guideline from the College of American Pathologists, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and Association for Molecular Pathology Lindeman, NI; Cagle, PT; Beasley, MB; et al. Abstract: Objective: To establish evidence-based recommendations for the molecular analysis of lung cancers that are that are required to guide EGFR- and ALK-directed therapies, addressing which patients and samples should be tested, and when and how testing should be performed. Participants: Three cochairs without conflicts of interest were selected, one from each of the 3 sponsoring professional societies: College of American Pathologists, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and Association for Molecular Pathology. Writing and advisory panels were constituted from additional experts from these societies. Evidence: Three unbiased literature searches of electronic databases were performed to capture articles published published from January

28 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts 2004 through February 2012, yielding 1533 articles whose abstracts were screened to identify 521 pertinent articles that were then reviewed in detail for their relevance to the recommendations. Evidence was formally graded for each recommendation. Consensus Process: Initial recommendations were formulated by the cochairs and panel members at a public meeting. Each guideline section was assigned to at least 2 panelists. Drafts were circulated to the writing panel (version 1), advisory panel (version 2), and the public (version 3) before submission (version 4). Conclusions: The 37 guideline items address 14 subjects, including 15 recommendations (evidence grade A/B). The major recommendations are to use testing for EGFR mutations and ALK fusions to guide patient selection for therapy with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, respectively, in all patients with advanced-stage adenocarcinoma, regardless of sex, race, smoking history, or other clinical risk factors, and to prioritize EGFR and ALK testing over other molecular predictive tests. As scientific discoveries and clinical practice outpace the completion of randomized clinical trials, evidence-based guidelines developed by expert practitioners are vital for communicating emerging clinical standards. Already, new treatments targeting genetic alterations in other, less common driver oncogenes are being evaluated in lung cancer, and testing for these may be addressed in future versions of these guidelines. Keywords: epidermal-growth-factor; factor-receptor gene; in-situ-hybridization; polymerase-chain-reaction; mutation-specific antibodies; resolution melting analysis; performance liquid-chromatography; chemotherapy-naive patients; eml4-alk fusion gene; smart-amplification process Source: Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 2013, 8(7): 823–859 Email: Lindeman, NI; nlindeman@part–ners.org

Citation frequency: 77 An Official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Statement: Key Concepts and Advances in Pulmonary Rehabilitation Spruit, MA; Singh, SJ; Garvey, C; et al. Abstract: Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation is recognized as a core component of the management of individuals with chronic respiratory disease. Since the 2006 American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) Statement on Pulmonary Rehabilitation, there has been considerable growth in our knowledge of its efficacy and scope. Purpose: The purpose of this Statement is to update the 2006 document, including a new definition of pulmonary rehabilitation and highlighting key concepts and major《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 advances in the field. Methods: A multidisciplinary committee of experts representing the ATS Pulmonary Rehabilitation Assembly and the ERS Scientific Group 01.02, "Rehabilitation and Chronic Care," determined the overall scope of this update through group consensus. Focused literature reviews in key topic areas were conducted by committee members with relevant clinical and scientific expertise. The final content of this Statement was agreed on by all members. Results: An updated definition of pulmonary rehabilitation is proposed. New data are presented on the science and application of pulmonary rehabilitation, including its effectiveness in acutely ill individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in individuals with other chronic respiratory diseases. The important role of pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic disease management is highlighted. In addition, the role of health behavior change in optimizing and maintaining benefits is discussed. Conclusions: The considerable growth in the science and application of pulmonary rehabilitation since 2006 adds further support for its efficacy in a wide range of individuals with chronic respiratory disease. Keywords: quality-of-life; randomized controlled-trial; air-flow limitation; critically-ill patients; chronic heart-failure; neuromuscular electrical-stimulation; intensive-care-unit; 6-minute walk distance; cell lung-cancer; functional exercise capacity Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2013, 188(8): E13–E64

Citation frequency: 59 Clusters of Comorbidities Based on Validated Objective Measurements and Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Vanfleteren, LEGW; Spruit, MA; Groenen, M; et al. Abstract: Rationale: Comorbidities contribute to disease severity and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Comorbidities have been studied individually and were mostly based on self-reports. The coexistence of objectively identified comorbidities and the role of low-grade systemic inflammation in the pathophysiology of COPD remain to be elucidated. Objectives: To cluster 13 clinically important objectively identified comorbidities, and to characterize the comorbidity clusters in terms of clinical outcomes and systemic inflammation. Methods: A total of 213 patients with COPD (FEV1, 51±17% predicted; men, 59%; age, 64±7 yr) were included prospectively. Comorbidities were based on well-known cut-offs identified in the peer-reviewed English literature. Systemic inflammatory biomarkers were determined in all patients. Self-organizing maps were used to generate comorbidity clusters.

29 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Measurements and Main Results: A total of 97.7% of all patients had one or more comorbidities and 53.5% had four or more comorbidities. Five comorbidity clusters were identified: (1) less comorbidity, (2) cardiovascular, (3) cachectic, (4) metabolic, and (5) psychological. Comorbidity clusters differed in health status but were comparable with respect to disease severity. An increased inflammatory state was observed only for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors in the metabolic cluster (geometric mean [lower and upper limit]; TNF-R1, 2377 [1850, 3055] pg/ml, confidence, 98.5%; TNF-R2, 4080 [3115, 5344] pg/ml, confidence, 98.8%) and only for IL-6 in the cardiovascular cluster (11-6, 3.4 [1.8, 6.6] pg/ml; confidence, 99.8%). Conclusions: Multimorbidity is common in patients with COPD, and different comorbidity clusters can be identified. Low-grade systemic inflammation is mostly comparable among comorbidity clusters. Increasing knowledge on the interactions between comorbidities increases the understanding of their development and contributes to strategies for prevention or improved treatment. Keywords: clinical copd phenotypes; bone-mineral density; myocardial-infarction; arterial stiffness; diagnosed copd; primary-care; mortality; prevalence; rehabilitation; depression Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2013, 187(7): 728–735 Email: Vanfleteren, LEGW; lowievanfleteren@ciro–horn.nl

Rheumatology Citation frequency: 63 EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2013 update Smolen, JS; Landewe, R; Breedveld, FC; et al. Abstract: In this article, the 2010 European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (sDMARDs and bDMARDs, respectively) have been updated. The 2013 update has been developed by an international task force, which based its decisions mostly on evidence from three systematic literature reviews (one each on sDMARDs, including glucocorticoids, bDMARDs and safety aspects of DMARD therapy); treatment strategies were also covered by the searches. The evidence presented was discussed and summarised by the experts in the course of a consensus finding and voting process. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendations were derived and levels of agreement (strengths of recommendations) were determined. Fourteen recommendations were developed (instead of 15 in 2010). Some of the 2010 recommendations were deleted, 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅and others were amended or split. The recommendations cover general aspects, such as attainment of remission or low disease activity using a treat-to-target approach, and the need for shared decision-making between rheumatologists and patients. The more specific items relate to starting DMARD therapy using a conventional sDMARD (csDMARD) strategy in combination with glucocorticoids, followed by the addition of a bDMARD or another csDMARD strategy (after stratification by presence or absence of adverse risk factors) if the treatment target is not reached within 6months (or improvement not seen at 3months). Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, biosimilars), abatacept, tocilizumab and, under certain circumstances, rituximab are essentially considered to have similar efficacy and safety. If the first bDMARD strategy fails, any other bDMARD may be used. The recommendations also address tofacitinib as a targeted sDMARD (tsDMARD), which is recommended, where licensed, after use of at least one bDMARD. Biosimilars are also addressed. These recommendations are intended to inform rheumatologists, patients, national rheumatology societies and other stakeholders about EULAR's most recent consensus on the management of RA with sDMARDs, glucocorticoids and bDMARDs. They are based on evidence and expert opinion and intended to improve outcome in patients with RA. Keywords: adalimumab plus methotrexate; randomized controlled-trial; rapid radiographic progression; placebo-controlled trial; low-dose prednisolone; post hoc analyses; double-blind; combination therapy; joint damage; treatment strategies Source: Annals of The Rheumatic Diseases, 2014, 73(3): 492–509 Email: Smolen, JS; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 52 Adalimumab: long-term safety in 23458 patients from global clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis and Crohn's disease Burmester, GR; Panaccione, R; Gordon, KB; et al. Abstract: Background As long-term treatment with antitumour necrosis factor (TNF) drugs becomes accepted practice, the risk assessment requires an understanding of anti-TNF long-term safety. Registry safety data in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are available, but these patients may not be monitored as closely as patients in a clinical trial. Cross-indication safety reviews of available anti-TNF agents are limited. Objective To analyse the long-term safety of adalimumab treatment. Methods This analysis included 23458 patients exposed to adalimumab in 71 global clinical trials in RA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis (Ps) and Crohn's disease (CD). Events per 100 patient-years were calculated using events reported after the first dose through 70 days after the last dose. Standardised incidence rates for malignancies were calculated using a

30 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts National Cancer Institute database. Standardised death rates were calculated using WHO data. Results The most frequently reported serious adverse events across indications were infections with greatest incidence in RA and CD trials. Overall malignancy rates for adalimumab-treated patients were as expected for the general population; the incidence of lymphoma was increased in patients with RA, but within the range expected in RA without anti-TNF therapy; non-melanoma skin cancer incidence was raised in RA, Ps and CD. In all indications, death rates were lower than, or equivalent to, those expected in the general population. Conclusions Analysis of adverse events of interest through nearly 12 years of adalimumab exposure in clinical trials across indications demonstrated individual differences in rates by disease populations, no new safety signals and a safety profile consistent with known information about the anti-TNF class. Keywords: tumor-necrosis-factor; nonmelanoma skin-cancer; factor-alpha therapy; postmarketing surveillance; serious infections; factor antagonists; factor inhibitors; increased risk; association; lymphoma Source: Annals of The Rheumatic Diseases, 2013, 72(4): 517–524 Email: Burmester, GR; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 52 EXTENDED REPORT Efficacy and safety of strontium ranelate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: results of a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial Reginster, JY; Badurski, J; Bellamy, N; et al. Abstract: Background Strontium ranelate is currently used for osteoporosis. The international, double-blind, randomised, placebo- controlled Strontium ranelate Efficacy in Knee OsteoarthrItis triAl evaluated its effect on radiological progression of knee osteoarthritis. Methods Patients with knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren and Lawrence grade 2 or 3, and joint space width (JSW) 2.5-5 mm) were randomly allocated to strontium ranelate 1 g/day (n = 558), 2 g/day (n = 566) or placebo (n = 559). The primary endpoint was radiographical change in JSW (medial tibiofemoral compartment) over 3 years versus placebo. Secondary endpoints included radiological progression, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and knee pain. The trial is registered (ISRCTN41323372). Results The intention-to-treat population included 1371 patients. Treatment with strontium ranelate was associated with smaller degradations in JSW than placebo (1 g/day: -0.23 (SD 0.56) mm; 2 g/day: -0.27 (SD 0.63) mm; placebo: -0.37 (SD 0.59) mm); treatment-placebo differences were 0.14 (SE 0.04), 95% CI 0.05 to 0.23, p < 0.001 for 1 g/day and 0.10 (SE 0.04), 95% CI 0.02 to 0.19, p = 0.018 for 2 g/day. Fewer radiological progressors were observed with strontium ranelate (p < 0.001 and p = 0.012 for 1 and 2 g/day). There were greater reductions in total WOMAC《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 score (p = 0.045), pain subscore (p = 0.028), physical function subscore (p = 0.099) and knee pain (p = 0.065) with strontium ranelate 2 g/day. Strontium ranelate was well tolerated. Conclusions Treatment with strontium ranelate 1 and 2 g/day is associated with a significant effect on structure in patients with knee osteoarthritis, and a beneficial effect on symptoms for strontium ranelate 2 g/day. Keywords: postmenopausal osteoporosis; glucosamine sulfate; chondroitin sulfate; subchondral bone; progression; 2-year; women; osteoblasts; radiographs; arthritis Source: Annals of The Rheumatic Diseases, 2013, 72(2): 179–186 Email: Reginster, JY; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 50 Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: results of a randomised placebo-controlled trial (ABILITY-1) Sieper, J; van der Heijde, D; Dougados, M; et al. Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA). Methods: Patients fulfilled Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international Society (ASAS) criteria for axial spondyloarthritis, had a Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score of ≥4, total back pain score of ≥4 (10 cm visual analogue scale) and inadequate response, intolerance or contraindication to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); patients fulfilling modified New York criteria for ankylosing spondylitis were excluded. Patients were randomised to adalimumab (N=91) or placebo (N=94). The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients achieving ASAS40 at week 12. Efficacy assessments included BASDAI and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS). MRI was performed at baseline and week 12 and scored using the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) index. Results Significantly more patients in the adalimumab group achieved ASAS40 at week 12 compared with patients in the placebo group (36% vs 15%, p<0.001). Significant clinical improvements based on other ASAS responses, ASDAS and BASDAI were also detected at week 12 with adalimumab treatment, as were improvements in quality of life measures. Inflammation in the spine and sacroiliac joints on MRI significantly decreased after 12 weeks of adalimumab treatment. Shorter disease duration, younger age, elevated baseline C-reactive protein or higher SPARCC MRI sacroiliac joint scores were associated with better week 12 responses to adalimumab. The safety profile was consistent with what is known for adalimumab in ankylosing spondylitis and other diseases. Conclusions: In patients with nr-axSpA, adalimumab treatment resulted in effective control of disease activity, decreased inflammation and

31 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 improved quality of life compared with placebo. Results from ABILITY-1 suggest that adalimumab has a positive benefit-risk profile in active nr-axSpA patients with inadequate response to NSAIDs. Keywords: society classification criteria; sacroiliac joint inflammation; resonance-imaging index; activity score asdas; Anti-TNF agents; ankylosing-spondylitis; research consortium; clinical-trials; double-blind; disease Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 2013, 72(6): 815–822 Email: Sieper, J; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 44 Effect of IL-17A blockade with secukinumab in autoimmune diseases Patel, DD; Lee, DM; Kolbinger, F; et al. Abstract: Genetic studies and correlative expression data in diseased tissues have pointed to the role of interleukin (IL)-17 and Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease and seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Th17 cells are known to produce the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A as well as other effector cytokines, including IL-17F and IL-22. Recent research has demonstrated that IL-17A is also expressed by multiple lineages of the innate immune system, including mast cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, gamma delta-T cells, macrophages and natural killer cells. It can thus be expected that the inhibition of IL-17A as a therapeutic target in autoimmune disease would exert different physiological effects than the suppression of Th17 cell activity. Early clinical data are now available on secukinumab (AIN457), a recombinant, highly selective, fully human monoclonal anti-IL-17A antibody of the IgG1/kappa isotype, enabling a preliminary assessment of the effects of IL-17A inhibition in multiple autoimmune diseases. Rapid and sustained symptom reductions in psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis have been observed in secukinumab-treated patients, with no overt safety signals. In conjunction with studies using the humanised anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody (mAb) ixekizumab (LY2439821) and the fully human anti-IL-17RA mAb brodalumab (AMG 827), the findings on secukinumab provide evidence for the role of IL-17A in the pathophysiology of autoimmune disease and suggest the potential value of targeting this cytokine. Keywords: anti-interleukin-17 monoclonal-antibody; interleukin-17 receptor; double-blind; rheumatoid-arthritis; plaque psoriasis; family-members; mast-cells; Th17 cells; t-cells; inflammation Source: Annals of The Rheumatic Diseases, 2013, 72: 116–123 Email: Patel, DD; [email protected]

Robotics 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 Citation frequency: 23 Swarm robotics: a review from the swarm engineering perspective Brambilla, M; Ferrante, E; Birattari, M; et al. Abstract: Swarm robotics is an approach to collective robotics that takes inspiration from the self-organized behaviors of social animals. Through simple rules and local interactions, swarm robotics aims at designing robust, scalable, and flexible collective behaviors for the coordination of large numbers of robots. In this paper, we analyze the literature from the point of view of swarm engineering: we focus mainly on ideas and concepts that contribute to the advancement of swarm robotics as an engineering field and that could be relevant to tackle real-world applications. Swarm engineering is an emerging discipline that aims at defining systematic and well founded procedures for modeling, designing, realizing, verifying, validating, operating, and maintaining a swarm robotics system. We propose two taxonomies: in the first taxonomy, we classify works that deal with design and analysis methods; in the second taxonomy, we classify works according to the collective behavior studied. We conclude with a discussion of the current limits of swarm robotics as an engineering discipline and with suggestions for future research directions. Keywords: self-organized aggregation; collective decision-making; social foraging swarms; cockroach-like-robots; division-of-labor; mobile robots; stability analysis; autonomous robots; task allocation; physical robots Source: Swarm Intelligence, 2013, 7(1): 1–41 Email: Brambilla, M; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 17 Absolute calibration of an ABB IRB 1600 robot using a laser tracker Nubiola, A; Bonev, IA Abstract: The absolute accuracy of an ABB IRB 1600 industrial robot is improved using a 29-parameter calibration model, developed after extensive experimentation. The error model takes into account all possible geometric errors (25 geometric error parameters to be identified through optimization, in addition to the pose parameters for the base and tool frames and four error parameters related to the compliance in joints 2, 3, 4 and 5). The least squares optimization technique is used to find the 29 error parameters that best fit the measures acquired with a laser tracker. Contrary to most other similar works, the validation of the robot's accuracy is performed with a very large number of measures (1000) throughout the complete robot's joint space. After calibration, the meant maximum position errors at any of eight different measurement points on the end-effector (all offset from axis 6 by approximately 120 mm) are reduced from 0.968 mm/2.158 mm

32 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts respectively, to 0.364 mm/0.696 mm. Keywords: measurement configurations; industrial robot; accuracy; selection Source: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 2013, 29(1): 236–245 Email: Bonev, IA; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 15 Stability Analysis of Underconstrained Cable-Driven Parallel Robots Carricato, M; Merlet, JP Abstract: This paper studies cable-driven parallel robots with less than six cables, in crane configuration. A geometrico-static model is provided, and the stability of static equilibrium is assessed within the framework of a constrained optimization problem. The method relies on ordinary linear-algebra routines, and it may be very simply applied to the most general architectures. Several examples are provided, concerning robots with a number of cables that range from 2 to 4. Keywords: manipulators; design; generation; workspace; mechanism; dynamics; system Source: IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 2013, 29(1): 288–296 Email: Carricato, M; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 14 RFID-enabled real-time manufacturing execution system for mass-customization production Zhong, RY; Dai, QY; Qu, T; et al. Abstract: Mass-customization production (MCP) companies must fight with shop-floor uncertainty and complexity caused by wide variety of product components. The research is motivated by a typical MCP company that has experienced inefficient scheduling due to paper-based identification and manual data collection. This paper presents an RFID-enabled real-time manufacturing execution system (RT-MES). RFID devices are deployed systematically on the shop-floor to track and trace manufacturing objects and collect real-time production data. Disturbances are identified and controlled within RT-MES. Planning and scheduling decisions are more practically and precisely made and executed. Online facilities are provided to visualize and manage real-time dynamics of shop-floor WIP (work-in-progress) items. A case study is reported in a collaborating company which manufactures large-scale and heavy-duty machineries. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed RT-MES are evaluated with real-life industrial data for shop-floor production management in terms of workers, machines and materials. Keywords: resource-management;《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 tracking; architecture; technology; operations; design; model Source: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 2013, 29(2): 283–292 Email: Huang, GQ; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 14 Active learning of inverse models with intrinsically motivated goal exploration in robots Baranes, A; Oudeyer, PY Abstract: We introduce the Self-Adaptive Goal Generation Robust Intelligent Adaptive Curiosity (SAGG-RIAC) architecture as an intrinsically motivated goal exploration mechanism which allows active learning of inverse models in high-dimensional redundant robots. This allows a robot to efficiently and actively learn distributions of parameterized motor skills/policies that solve a corresponding distribution of parameterized tasks/goals. The architecture makes the robot sample actively novel parameterized tasks in the task space, based on a measure of competence progress, each of which triggers low-level goal-directed learning of the motor policy parameters that allow to solve it. For both learning and generalization, the system leverages regression techniques which allow to infer the motor policy parameters corresponding to a given novel parameterized task, and based on the previously learnt correspondences between policy and task parameters. We present experiments with high-dimensional continuous sensorimotor spaces in three different robotic setups: (1) learning the inverse kinematics in a highly-redundant robotic arm, (2) learning omnidirectional locomotion with motor primitives in a quadruped robot, and (3) an arm learning to control a fishing rod with a flexible wire. We show that (1) exploration in the task space can be a lot faster than exploration in the actuator space for learning inverse models in redundant robots; (2) selecting goals maximizing competence progress creates developmental trajectories driving the robot to progressively focus on tasks of increasing complexity and is statistically significantly more efficient than selecting tasks randomly, as well as more efficient than different standard active motor babbling methods: (3) this architecture allows the robot to actively discover which parts of its task space it can learn to reach and which part it cannot. Keywords: central pattern generators; muscle synergies; mastery motivation; arm movements; dimensions; algorithms; locomotion; regression; evolution; dopamine Source: Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 2013, 61(1): 49–73 Email: Baranes, A; [email protected]

33 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015

Soil Science Citation frequency: 55 Hyperaccumulators of metal and metalloid trace elements: Facts and fiction van der Ent, A; Baker, AJM; Reeves, RD; et al. Abstract: Plants that accumulate metal and metalloid trace elements to extraordinarily high concentrations in their living biomass have inspired much research worldwide during the last decades. Hyperaccumulators have been recorded and experimentally confirmed for elements such as nickel, zinc, cadmium, manganese, arsenic and selenium. However, to date, hyperaccumulation of lead, copper, cobalt, chromium and thallium remain largely unconfirmed. Recent uses of the term in relation to rare-earth elements require critical evaluation. Since the mid-1970s the term 'hyperaccumulator' has been used millions of times by thousands of people, with varying degrees of precision, aptness and understanding that have not always corresponded with the views of the originators of the terminology and of the present authors. There is therefore a need to clarify the circumstances in which the term 'hyperaccumulator' is appropriate and to set out the conditions that should be met when the terms are used. We outline here the main considerations for establishing metal or metalloid hyperaccumulation status of plants, (re)define some of the terminology and note potential pitfalls. Unambiguous communication will require the international scientific community to adopt standard terminology and methods for confirming the reliability of analytical data in relation to metal and metalloid hyperaccumulators. Keywords: rare-earth-elements; thlaspi-caerulescens; arabidopsis-halleri; new-caledonia; cadmium hyperaccumulator; manganese accumulation; nickel accumulation; hyper-accumulator; ultramafic soils; genetic-basis Source: Plant and Soil, 2013, 362(1–2): 319–334 Email: van der Ent, A; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 53 Soil enzymes in a changing environment: Current knowledge and future directions Burns, RG; DeForest, JL; Marxsen, J; et al. Abstract: This review focuses on some important and challenging aspects of soil extracellular enzyme research. We report on recent discoveries, identify key research needs and highlight the many opportunities offered by interactions with other microbial enzymologists. The biggest challenges are to understand how the chemical, physical and biological properties of soil affect enzyme production, diffusion, substrate turnover and the proportion《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 of the product that is made available to the producer cells. Thus, the factors that regulate the synthesis and secretion of extracellular enzymes and their distribution after they are externalized are important topics, not only for soil enzymologists, but also in the broader context of microbial ecology. In addition, there are many uncertainties about the ways in which microbes and their extracellular enzymes overcome the generally destructive, inhibitory and competitive properties of the soil matrix, and the various strategies they adopt for effective substrate detection and utilization. The complexity of extracellular enzyme activities in depolymerising macromolecular organics is exemplified by lignocellulose degradation and how the many enzymes involved respond to structural diversity and changing nutrient availabilities. The impacts of climate change on microbes and their extracellular enzymes, although of profound importance, are not well understood but we suggest how they may be predicted, assessed and managed. We describe recent advances that allow for the manipulation of extracellular enzyme activities to facilitate bioremediation, carbon sequestration and plant growth promotion. We also contribute to the ongoing debate as to how to assay enzyme activities in soil and what the measurements tell us, in the context of both traditional methods and the newer techniques that are being developed and adopted. Finally, we offer our collective vision of the future of extracellular enzyme research: one that will depend on imaginative thinking as well as technological advances, and be built upon synergies between diverse disciplines. Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons; microbial community composition; simulated nitrogen deposition; organic-matter decomposition; drying-rewetting frequency; northern hardwood forest; municipal solid-waste; plant-growth; carbon-cycle Source: Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2013, 58: 216–234 Email: Burns, RG; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 26 A review of earthworm impact on soil function and ecosystem services Blouin, M; Hodson, ME; Delgado, EA; et al. Abstract: Biodiversity is responsible for the provision of many ecosystem services; human well-being is based on these services, and consequently on biodiversity. In soil, earthworms represent the largest component of the animal biomass and are commonly termed ecosystem engineers'. This review considers the contribution of earthworms to ecosystem services through pedogenesis, development of soil structure, water regulation, nutrient cycling, primary production, climate regulation, pollution remediation and cultural services. Although there has been much research into the role of earthworms in soil ecology, this review demonstrates substantial gaps in our knowledge related in particular to difficulties in identifying the effects of species, land use and climate. The review aims to assist people involved in all

34 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts aspects of land management, including conservation, agriculture, mining or other industries, to obtain a broad knowledge of earthworms and ecosystem services. Keywords: polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons; northern hardwood forests; south-eastern australia; ray computed-tomography; organic- matter dynamics; oil-contaminated soil; Pb/Zn mine tailings; nitrous-oxide N2O; lumbricus-terrestris; plant-growth Source: European Journal of Soil Science, 2013, 64(2): 161–182 Email: Blouin, M; blouin@u–pec.fr

Citation frequency: 26 Responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to moisture availability: An exploration of processes and models Moyano, FE; Manzoni, S; Chenu, C Abstract: Soil moisture strongly affects the dynamics of soil organic matter and is an important environmental variable in all models predicting changes in soil carbon stocks from site to global scales. Despite this, the mechanisms determining the response of heterotrophic soil respiration to soil moisture remain poorly quantified, being represented in most current carbon cycle models as simple empirical functions. With the aim of providing an overview and new insights into the mechanisms involved, here we review the observations and theory behind the respiration-moisture relationship. We start by calculating best estimates of average empirical relationships using published data and comparing the results for contrasting soil types. The theoretical linkages between substrate and gas diffusivity in soil pores and heterotrophic respiration are then explored as a function of temperature and textural properties. Based on this theoretical model we interpret the variability of moisture effects observed in previous empirical studies. Transient CO2 efflux moisture relationships are discussed next, reviewing the theory and models developed in the last years with particular emphasis on the 'Birch effect'. We continue by giving an overview of recent pore-scale models and consider how these can be used to gain a more mechanistic understanding of carbon storage and stabilization in variably saturated soils. From this review we conclude that current empirical models are useful but limited approximations, with questionable predictive capacity. Significant efforts are still necessary to represent the full range of soil moisture responses in a unifying model with a sound theoretical basis that can help identify common underlying processes. Equations present here, combining diffusion, texture and substrate to model respiration, are a step forward in this direction. Keywords: organic-matter decomposition; plant litter decomposition; unsaturated porous-media; water-retention curves; scale network model; filled pore-space; microbial activity; carbon-dioxide; forest soil; nitrogen mineralization Source: Soil Biology & Biochemistry,《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 2013, 59: 72–85 Email: Moyano, FE; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 21 Sensitivity of soil organic carbon stocks and fractions to different land-use changes across Europe Poeplau, C; Don, A

Abstract: Land-use changes (WC) influence the balance of soil organic carbon (SOC) and hence may cause CO2 emissions or sequestration. In Europe there is a side by side of LUC types that lead to SOC loss or SOC accumulation. However, there is a lack of studies covering all major LUC types to investigate qualitative and quantitative LUC effects on SOC. In this study we sampled 24 paired sites in Europe to a depth of 80 cm, covering a wide range of pedo-climatic conditions and comprising the major European LUC types cropland to grassland, grassland to cropland, cropland to forest and grassland to forest To assess qualitative changes and the sensitivity of different functional SOC pools with distinct turnover times, we conducted a fractionation to isolate five different fractions of SOC. The mean SOC stock changes after LUC were 18±11 Mg ha-1 (cropland to grassland), 21±13 Mg ha-1 (cropland to forest), -19±7 Mg ha-1 (grassland to cropland) and 10±7 Mg ha-1 (grassland to forest) with the main changes occurring in the topsoil (0-30 cm depth). However, subsoil carbon stocks ( >30 cm depth) were also affected by LUC, at 19 out of 24 sites in the same direction as the topsoil. LUC promoting subsoil SOC accumulation might be a sustainable C sink Particulate organic matter (POM) was found to be most sensitive to LUC After cropland afforestation. POM accounted for 50% (9.1±2.3 Mg ha-1) of the sequestered carbon in 0-30 cm: after grassland afforestation POM increased on average by 5±23 Mg ha-1, while all other fractions depleted. Thus, afforestations shift SOC from stable to labile pools. The resistant fraction comprising the so-called inert carbon was found to be only slightly less sensitive than the total SOC pool, suggesting that an inert carbon pool was not chemically extracted with NaOCl oxidation, if there is any inert carbon. Keywords: southeastern united-states; acid subsoil horizons; former arable land; matter fractions; physical fractionation; grassland management; new-zealand; turnover; sequestration; tillage Source: Geoderma, 2013, 192: 189–201 Email: Don, A; [email protected]

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Spectroscopy Citation frequency: 157 The HITRAN2012 molecular spectroscopic database Rothman, LS; Gordon, IE; Babikov, Y; et al. Abstract: This paper describes the status of the 2012 edition of the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic compilation. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2008 and its updates during the intervening years. The HITRAN molecular absorption compilation is comprised of six major components structured into folders that are freely accessible on the internet. These folders consist of the traditional line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, infrared absorption cross-sections for molecules not yet amenable to representation in a line-by-line form, ultraviolet spectroscopic parameters, aerosol indices of refraction, collision-induced absorption data, and general tables such as partition sums that apply globally to the data. The new HITRAN is greatly extended in terms of accuracy, spectral coverage, additional absorption phenomena, and validity. Molecules and isotopologues have been added that address the issues of atmospheres beyond the Earth. Also discussed is a new initiative that casts HITRAN into a relational database format that offers many advantages over the long-standing sequential text-based structure that has existed since the initial release of HITRAN in the early 1970s. Keywords: mu-m region; absorption cross-sections; cw-cavity ring; complex refractive-indexes; spectral-line parameters; o-2 a-band; including temperature dependences; electric quadrupole transitions; rotational-vibrational spectra; submillimeter-wave spectrum Source: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, 2013, 130: 4–50 Email: Rothman, LS; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 55 The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment Akerib, DS; Bai, X; Bedikian, S; et al. Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) collaboration has designed and constructed a dual-phase xenon detector, in order to conduct a search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), a leading dark matter candidate. The goal of the LUX detector is to clearly detect (or exclude) WIMPS with a spin independent cross-section per nucleon of 2×10-46 cm2, equivalent to similar to 1 event 100 kg month in the inner 100 kg fiducial《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 volume (FV) of the 370 kg detector. The overall background goals are set to have <1 background events characterized as possible WIMPs in the FV in 300 days of running. This paper describes the design and construction of the LUX detector. Keywords: dark-matter detector; zeplin-iii; gas Source: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A–Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2013, 704: 111–126 Email: Wolfs, FLH; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 40 Mass spectrometry imaging under ambient conditions Wu, CP; Dill, AL; Eberlin, LS; et al. Abstract: Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has emerged as an important tool in the last decade and it is beginning to show potential to provide new information in many fields owing to its unique ability to acquire molecularly specific images and to provide multiplexed information, without the need for labeling or staining. In MSI, the chemical identity of molecules present on a surface is investigated as a function of spatial distribution. In addition to now standard methods involving MSI in vacuum, recently developed ambient ionization techniques allow MSI to be performed under atmospheric pressure on untreated samples outside the mass spectrometer. Here we review recent developments and applications of MSI emphasizing the ambient ionization techniques of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI), probe electrospray ionization (PESI), desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI), femtosecond laser desorption ionization (fs-LDI), laser electrospray mass spectrometry (LEMS), infrared laser ablation metastable-induced chemical ionization (IR-LAMICI), liquid microjunction surface sampling probe mass spectrometry (LMJ-SSP MS), nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI), and plasma sources such as the low temperature plasma (LTP) probe and laser ablation coupled to flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow (LA-FAPA). Included are discussions of some of the features of ambient MSI for example the ability to implement chemical reactions with the goal of providing high abundance ions characteristic of specific compounds of interest and the use of tandem mass spectrometry to either map the distribution of targeted molecules with high specificity or to provide additional MS information on the structural identification of compounds. We also describe the role of bioinformatics in acquiring and interpreting the chemical and spatial information obtained through MSI, especially in biological applications for tissue diagnostic purposes. Finally, we discuss the challenges in ambient MSI and include perspectives on the future of the field. Keywords: desorption electrospray-ionization; thin-layer-chromatography; atmospheric-pressure photoionization; surface sampling probe; 36 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts assisted-laser-desorption/ionization; temperature plasma probe; tissue-sections; in-vivo; transmission geometry; chemical-ionization Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 2013, 32(3): 218–243 Email: Cooks, RG; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 40 Quantum Dots in Bioanalysis: A Review of Applications Across Various Platforms for Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Imaging Petryayeva, E; Algar, WR; Medintz, IL Abstract: Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are brightly luminescent nanoparticles that have found numerous applications in bioanalysis and bioimaging. In this review, we highlight recent developments in these areas in the context of specific methods for fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging. Following a primer on the structure, properties, and biofunctionalization of QDs, we describe Select examples of how QDs have been used in combination with steady-state or time-resolved spectroscopic techniques to develop a variety of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors that function via changes in QD photoluminescence intensity, polarization, or lifetime. Some special attention is paid to the use of Forster resonance energy transfer type methods in bioanalysis, including those based on bioluminescence and chemiluminescence. Direct chemiluminescence, electro-chemiluminescence, and charge transfer quenching are similarly discussed. We further describe the combination of QDs and flow cytometry, including traditional cellular analyses and spectrally encoded barcode-based assay technologies, before turning our attention to enhanced fluorescence techniques based on photonic crystals or plasmon coupling. Finally, we survey the use of QDs across different platforms for biological fluorescence imaging, including epilluorescence, confocal, and two. photon excitation microscopy; single particle tracking and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy; super-resolution imaging; near-field scanning optical microscopy; and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. In each of the above-mentioned platforms, QDs provide the brightness needed for highly sensitive detection, the photostability needed for tracking dynamic processes, or the multiplexing capacity needed to elucidate complex systems. There is a clear synergy between advances in QD materials and spectroscopy and imaging techniques, as both must be applied in concert to achieve their full potential. Keywords: resonance energy-transfer; photoinduced electron-transfer; colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals; cross-correlation spectroscopy; plasmon-coupled emission; ligand-receptor binding; in-vivo; electrogenerated chemiluminescence; cdse nanocrystals; enhanced electrochemiluminescence Source: Applied Spectroscopy, 2013, 67(3): 215–252 Email: Algar, WR; [email protected] 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 Citation frequency: 38 Vibrational energy distribution analysis (VEDA): Scopes and limitations Jamroz, MH Abstract: The principle of operations of the VEDA program written by the author for Potential Energy Distribution (PED) analysis of theoretical vibrational spectra is described. Nowadays, the PED analysis is indispensible tool in serious analysis of the vibrational spectra. To perform the PED analysis it is necessary to define 3N-6 linearly independent local mode coordinates. Already for 20-atomic molecules it is a difficult task. The VEDA program reads the input data automatically from the Gaussian program output files. Then, VEDA automatically proposes an introductory set of local mode coordinates. Next, the more adequate coordinates are proposed by the program and optimized to obtain maximal elements of each column (internal coordinate) of the PED matrix (the EPM parameter). The possibility for an automatic optimization of PED contributions is a unique feature of the VEDA program absent in any other programs performing PED analysis. Keywords: correlated molecular calculations; nonlinear-optical properties; density-functional theory; spectroscopic ft-ir; gaussian-basis sets; homo-lumo analysis; ab-initio hf; dft calculations; electronic-structure; 1st-order hyperpolarizability Source: Spectrochimica Acta Part A–molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2013, 114: 220–230 Email: Jamroz, MH; [email protected]

Statistics Probability Citation frequency: 313 GROMACS 4.5: a high-throughput and highly parallel open source molecular simulation toolkit Pronk, S; Pall, S; Schulz, R; et al. Abstract: Motivation: Molecular simulation has historically been a low-throughput technique, but faster computers and increasing amounts of genomic and structural data are changing this by enabling large-scale automated simulation of, for instance, many conformers or mutants of biomolecules with or without a range of ligands. At the same time, advances in performance and scaling now make it possible to model complex biomolecular interaction and function in a manner directly testable by experiment. These applications share a need for fast and efficient software that can be deployed on massive scale in clusters, web servers, distributed computing or cloud resources. Results: Here, we present a range of new simulation algorithms and features developed during the past 4 years, leading up to the

37 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 GROMACS 4.5 software package. The software now automatically handles wide classes of biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, and comes with all commonly used force fields for these molecules built-in. GROMACS supports several implicit solvent models, as well as new free-energy algorithms, and the software now uses multithreading for efficient parallelization even on low-end systems, including windows-based workstations. Together with hand-tuned assembly kernels and state-of-the-art parallelization, this provides extremely high performance and cost efficiency for high-throughput as well as massively parallel simulations. Keywords: force-field; free-energy; biomolecular simulation; dynamics; model; refinement; transition; efficient; constant; proteins Source: Bioinformatics, 2013, 29(7): 845–854 Email: Lindahl, E; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 96 STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner Dobin, A; Davis, CA; Schlesinger, F; et al. Abstract: Motivation: Accurate alignment of high-throughput RNA-seq data is a challenging and yet unsolved problem because of the non-contiguous transcript structure, relatively short read lengths and constantly increasing throughput of the sequencing technologies. Currently available RNA-seq aligners suffer from high mapping error rates, low mapping speed, read length limitation and mapping biases. Results: To align our large (> 80 billon reads) ENCODE Transcriptome RNA-seq dataset, we developed the Spliced Transcripts Alignment to a Reference (STAR) software based on a previously undescribed RNA-seq alignment algorithm that uses sequential maximum mappable seed search in uncompressed suffix arrays followed by seed clustering and stitching procedure. STAR outperforms other aligners by a factor of > 50 in mapping speed, aligning to the human genome 550 million 2×76 bp paired-end reads per hour on a modest 12-core server, while at the same time improving alignment sensitivity and precision. In addition to unbiased de novo detection of canonical junctions, STAR can discover non-canonical splices and chimeric (fusion) transcripts, and is also capable of mapping full-length RNA sequences. Using Roche 454 sequencing of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction amplicons, we experimentally validated 1960 novel intergenic splice junctions with an 80-90% success rate, corroborating the high precision of the STAR mapping strategy. Keywords: splice junctions; alignment; reads; algorithms; sequence; genomes; encode Source: Bioinformatics, 2013, 29(1): 15–21 Email: Dobin, A; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 58 RAxML version《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies Stamatakis, A Abstract: Motivation: Phylogenies are increasingly used in all fields of medical and biological research. Moreover, because of the next-generation sequencing revolution, datasets used for conducting phylogenetic analyses grow at an unprecedented pace. RAxML (Randomized Axelerated Maximum Likelihood) is a popular program for phylogenetic analyses of large datasets under maximum likelihood. Since the last RAxML paper in 2006, it has been continuously maintained and extended to accommodate the increasingly growing input datasets and to serve the needs of the user community. Results: I present some of the most notable new features and extensions of RAxML, such as a substantial extension of substitution models and supported data types, the introduction of SSE3, AVX and AVX2 vector intrinsics, techniques for reducing the memory requirements of the code and a plethora of operations for conducting postanalyses on sets of trees. In addition, an up-to-date 50-page user manual covering all new RAxML options is available. Keywords: maximum-likelihood; bootstrap; performance; algorithms; inference Source: Bioinformatics, 2014, 30(9): 1312–1313 Email: Stamatakis, A; alexandros.stamatakis@h–its.org

Citation frequency: 41 Propy: a tool to generate various modes of Chou's PseAAC Cao, DS; Xu, QS; Liang, YZ Abstract: Sequence-derived structural and physiochemical features have been frequently used for analysing and predicting structural, functional, expression and interaction profiles of proteins and peptides. To facilitate extensive studies of proteins and peptides, we developed a freely available, open source python package called protein in python (propy) for calculating the widely used structural and physicochemical features of proteins and peptides from amino acid sequence. It computes five feature groups composed of 13 features, including amino acid composition, dipeptide composition, tripeptide composition, normalized Moreau-Broto autocorrelation, Moran autocorrelation, Geary autocorrelation, sequence-order-coupling number, quasi-sequence-order descriptors, composition, transition and distribution of various structural and physicochemical properties and two types of pseudo amino acid composition (PseAAC) descriptors. These features could be generally regarded as different Chou's PseAAC modes. In addition, it can also easily compute the previous descriptors based on user- defined properties, which are automatically available from the AAindex database. Availability: The python package, propy, is freely available via http://code.google.com/p/protpy/downloads/list, and it runs on Linux and

38 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts MS-Windows. Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. Keywords: amino-acid-composition; bioinformatics; prediction; proteins; features; biology Source: Bioinformatics, 2013, 29(7): 960–962 Email: Liang, YZ; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 41 The product of C9orf72, a gene strongly implicated in neurodegeneration, is structurally related to DENN Rab-GEFs Levine, TP; Daniels, RD; Gatta, AT; et al. Abstract: Motivation: Fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also called motor neuron disease, MND) are severe neurodegenerative diseases that show considerable overlap at the clinical and cellular level. The most common single mutation in families with FTD or ALS has recently been mapped to a non-coding repeat expansion in the uncharacterized gene C9ORF72. Although a plausible mechanism for disease is that aberrant C9ORF72 mRNA poisons splicing, it is important to determine the cellular function of C9ORF72, about which nothing is known. Results: Sensitive homology searches showed that C9ORF72 is a full-length distant homologue of proteins related to Differentially Expressed in Normal and Neoplasia (DENN), which is a GDP/GTP exchange factor (GEF) that activates Rab-GTPases. Our results suggest that C9ORF72 is likely to regulate membrane traffic in conjunction with Rab-GTPase switches, and we propose to name the gene and its product DENN-like 72 (DENNL72). Keywords: guanine-nucleotide exchange; protein homology detection; hexanucleotide repeat; binding-protein; ALS; polarity; trafficking; prediction; disorders; expansion Source: Bioinformatics, 2013, 29(4): 499–503 Email: Levine, TP; [email protected]

Substance Abuse Citation frequency: 50 Awareness and Ever-Use of Electronic Cigarettes Among U.S. Adults, 2010-2011 King, BA; Alam, S; Promoff, G; et al. Abstract: Introduction: Electronic《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, were introduced into the U.S. market in recent years. However, little is known about the health impact of the product or the extent of its use. This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of awareness and ever-use of e-cigarettes among U.S. adults during 2010-2011. Methods: Data were obtained from the HealthStyles survey, a national consumer-based survey of U.S. adults aged years old. In 2010, data collection for the HealthStyles survey was both mail-based (n = 4184) and web-based (n = 2505), and in 2011, web-based (n = 4050) only. Estimates of awareness and ever-use of e-cigarettes were calculated overall and by sex, age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, household income, region, and smoking status. Results: In 2010, overall awareness of e-cigarettes was 38.5% (mail survey) and 40.9% (web survey); in 2011, awareness was 57.9% (web survey). Ever-use of e-cigarettes among all respondents was 2.1% in the 2010 mail survey, 3.3% in the 2010 web survey, and 6.2% in the 2011 web survey. Ever-use of e-cigarettes was significantly higher among current smokers compared with both former and never-smokers, irrespective of survey method or year. During 2010-2011, ever-use increased among both sexes, those aged 45-54 years, non-Hispanic Whites, those living in the South, and current and former smokers. Conclusions: Awareness and ever-use of e-cigarettes increased among U.S. adults from 2010 to 2011. In 2011, approximately 1 in 5 current smokers reported having ever-used e-cigarettes. Continued surveillance of e-cigarettes is needed for public health planning. Keywords: nicotine delivery-systems; tobacco; policy; smoke; rise Source: Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2013, 15(9): 1623–1627 Email: King, BA; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 45 Electronic Cigarettes: Effective Nicotine Delivery After Acute Administration Vansickel, AR; Eissenberg, T Abstract: Introduction: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are marketed as nicotine delivery devices. Two studies with EC-naive participants suggest that ECs deliver little or no nicotine. In those studies, standard-sized ECs were used, though experienced EC users often use larger devices that house higher voltage and/or longer lasting batteries. Whether user experience and device characteristics influence EC nicotine delivery is uncertain. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of ECs in experienced users who were using their preferred devices. Methods: Eight EC users (3 women) who had been using ECs for at least 3 months, completed one 5-hr session using devices they provided and the flavor/strength nicotine cartridges they selected. Sessions consisted of 4 phases: baseline, 10 puffs (30 s interpuff interval) from the

39 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 device, 1-hr ad lib puffing period, and a 2-hr rest period (no puffing). Outcome measures in each phase included plasma nicotine concentration, heart rate, and subjective ratings of nicotine/product effects and abstinence symptoms. Results: Relative to baseline, plasma nicotine and heart rate increased significantly within 5 min of the first puff and remained elevated throughout the ad lib puffing period. Increases in ratings of direct effects of nicotine and product were observed as well as decreases in abstinence symptoms. Conclusions: User experience and/or device characteristics likely influence EC nicotine delivery and other effects. Systematic manipulation of these and other variables could elucidate conditions that produce intended effects. Source: Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2013, 15(1): 267–270 Email: Eissenberg, T; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 39 Acute toxicity due to the confirmed consumption of synthetic cannabinoids: clinical and laboratory findings Hermanns-Clausen, M; Kneisel, S; Szabo, B; et al. Abstract: Aims Recently, several synthetic cannabinoids were identified in herbal mixtures consumed as recreational drugs alternative to cannabis products. The aim was to characterize the acute toxicity of synthetic cannabinoids as experienced by emergency patients. Design This was a retrospective study targeting patients seeking emergency treatment after recreational use of synthetic cannabinoids. Setting and participants Patients were selected from the database of the Poisons Information Center Freiburg between September 2008 and February 2011. The inclusion criteria were: hospitalization, available clinical reports and analytical verification of synthetic cannabinoid uptake. In total, 29 patients were included (age 1430 years, median 19; 25 males, four females). Measurements Clinical reports were evaluated and synthetic cannabinoids and other drugs were determined analytically. Findings CP-47,497-C8 (one), JWH-015 (one), JWH-018 (eight), JWH-073 (one), JWH-081 (seven), JWH-122 (11), JWH-210 (11), JWH-250 (four) and AM 694 (one) were quantified in blood samples. JWH-018 was most common in 20089, JWH-122 in 2010, and JWH-210 in 2011. Tachycardia, agitation, hallucination, hypertension, minor elevation of blood glucose, hypokalaemia and vomiting were reported most frequently. Chest pain, seizures, myoclonia and acute psychosis were also noted. Conclusions There appears to have been an increase in use of the extremely potent synthetic cannabinoids JWH-122 and JWH-210. Acute toxic symptoms associated with their use are also reported after intake of high doses of cannabis, but agitation, seizures, hypertension, emesis and hypokalaemia seem to be characteristic to the synthetic cannabinoids, which are high-affinity and high-efficacy agonists of the CB1 receptor. Thus,《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 these effects are due probably to a strong CB1 receptor stimulation. Keywords: cannabimimetic indoles; receptor-binding; herbal mixture; spice; intoxication; CB1; identification; psychosis; ligands; ingestion Source: Addiction, 2013, 108(3): 534–544 Email: Hermanns–Clausen, M; maren.hermanns–clausen@uniklinik–freiburg.de

Citation frequency: 39 Nicotine Levels in Electronic Cigarettes Goniewicz, ML; Kuma, T; Gawron, M; et al. Abstract: The electronic cigarette (EC) is a plastic device that imitates conventional cigarettes and was developed to deliver nicotine in a toxin-free vapor. Nicotine in a solution is heated and vaporized when a person puffs through the device and is inhaled as a vapor into the mouth. The EC is a new product on the market and little is known about its safety and nicotine delivery efficacy. The aim of the study was to analyze nicotine levels in vapor generated from various EC brands and models. The study was designed to assess efficacy and consistency of various ECs in converting nicotine to vapor and to analyze dynamics of nicotine vaporization. Sixteen ECs were selected based on their popularity in the Polish, U.K. and U.S. markets. Vapors were generated using an automatic smoking machine modified to simulate puffing conditions of real EC users. Nicotine was absorbed in a set of washing bottles with methanol and analyzed with gas chromatography. The total level of nicotine in vapor generated by 20 series of 15 puffs varied from 0.5 to 15.4 mg. Most of the analyzed ECs effectively delivered nicotine during the first 150-180 puffs. On an average, 50%-60% of nicotine from a cartridge was vaporized. ECs generate vapor that contains nicotine, but EC brands and models differ in their efficacy and consistency of nicotine vaporization. In ECs, which vaporize nicotine effectively, the amount inhaled from 15 puffs is lower compared with smoking a conventional cigarette. Keywords: delivery-systems Source: Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2013, 15(1): 158–166 Email: Goniewicz, ML; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 34 'Vaping' profiles and preferences: an online survey of electronic cigarette users Dawkins, L; Turner, J; Roberts, A; et al. Abstract: Aims To characterize e-cigarette use, users and effects in a sample of Electronic Cigarette Company (TECC) and Totally Wicked E-Liquid (TWEL) users. Design and setting Online survey hosted at the University of East London with links from TECC/TWEL websites

40 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts from September 2011 to May 2012. Measurements Online questionnaire. Participants One thousand three hundred and forty-seven respondents from 33 countries (72% European), mean age 43 years, 70% male, 96% Causacian, 44% educated to degree level or above. Findings Seventy-four percent of participants reported not smoking for at least a few weeks since using the e-cigarette and 70% reported reduced urge to smoke. Seventy-two percent of participants used a tank' system, most commonly, the eGo-C (23%). Mean duration of use was 10 months. Only 1% reported exclusive use of non-nicotine (0 mg) containing liquid. E-cigarettes were generally considered to be satisfying to use; elicit few side effects; be healthier than smoking; improve cough/breathing; and be associated with low levels of craving. Among ex-smokers, time to first vape' was significantly longer than time to first cigarette' (t1104=11.16, P<0.001) suggesting a lower level of dependence to e-cigarettes. Ex-smokers reported significantly greater reduction in craving than current smokers (21=133.66, P<0.0007) although few other differences emerged between these groups. Compared with males, females opted more for chocolate/sweet flavours (21=16.16, P<0.001) and liked the e-cigarette because it resembles a cigarette (23=42.65, P<0.001). Conclusions E-cigarettes are used primarily for smoking cessation, but for a longer duration than nicotine replacement therapy, and users believe them to be safer than smoking. Keywords: nicotine delivery; withdrawal; tobacco; desire; smoke Source: Addiction, 2013, 108(6): 1115–1125 Email: Dawkins, L; [email protected]

Surgery Citation frequency: 142 Fifth INTERMACS annual report: Risk factor analysis from more than 6000 mechanical circulatory support patients Kirklin, JK; Naftel, DC; Kormos, RL; et al. Abstract: The 5th annual report of the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) summarizes and analyzes the first 6 years of patient and data collection. The current analysis includes more than 6000 patients and updated risk factors for continuous flow pumps. Among continuous flow pumps, actuarial survival is 80% at 1 year and 70% at 2 years. Quality of life indicators are generally favorable and adverse event burden will likely influence patient selections of advanced heart failure therapies. Source: Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 2013, 32(2): 141–156 Email: Kirklin, JK; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 117 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 Metabolic/Bariatric Surgery Worldwide 2011 Buchwald, H; Oien, DM Abstract: Metabolic/bariatric procedures for the treatment of morbid obesity, as well as for type 2 diabetes, are among the most commonly performed gastrointestinal operations today, justifying periodic assessment of the numerical status of metabolic/bariatric surgery and its relative distribution of procedures. An email questionnaire was sent to the leadership of the 50 nations or national groupings in the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO). Outcome measurements were numbers of metabolic/bariatric operations and surgeons, types of procedures performed, and trends from 2003 to 2008 to 2011 worldwide and in the regional groupings of Europe, USA/Canada, Latin/South America, and Asia/Pacific. Response rate was 84 %. The global total number of procedures in 2011 was 340768; the global total number of metabolic/bariatric surgeons was 6705. The most commonly performed procedures were Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) 46.6 %; sleeve gastrectomy (SG) 27.8 %; adjustable gastric banding (AGB) 17.8 %; and biliopancreatic diversion/duodenal switch (BPD/DS) 2.2 %. The global trends from 2003 to 2008 to 2011 showed a decrease in RYGB: 65.1 to 49.0 to 46.6 %; an increase, followed by a steep decline, in AGB: 24.4 to 42.3 to 17.8 %; and a marked increase in SG: 0.0 to 5.3 to 27.89 %. BPD/DS declined: 6.1 to 4.9 to 2.1 %. The trends from the four IFSO regions differed, except for the universal increase in SG. Periodic metabolic/bariatric surgery surveys add to the knowledge and understanding of all physicians caring for morbidly obese patients. The salient message of the 2011 assessment is that SG (0.0 % in 2008) has markedly increased in prevalence. Keywords: bariatric surgery Source: Obesity Surgery, 2013, 23(4): 427–436 Email: Buchwald, H; [email protected]

41 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 lymphocytotoxicity (CDC) assays has resulted in a new paradigm with respect to the interpretation of donor-specific antibodies (DSA). Although the SPI assay performed on the Luminex instrument (hereafter referred to as the Luminex assay), in particular, has permitted the detection of antibodies not detectable by CDC, the clinical significance of these antibodies is incompletely understood. Nevertheless, the detection of these antibodies has led to changes in the clinical management of sensitized patients. In addition, SPI testing raises technical issues that require resolution and careful consideration when interpreting antibody results. Methods: With this background, The Transplantation Society convened a group of laboratory and clinical experts in the field of transplantation to prepare a consensus report and make recommendations on the use of this new technology based on both published evidence and expert opinion. Three working groups were formed to address (a) the technical issues with respect to the use of this technology, (b) the interpretation of pretransplantation antibody testing in the context of various clinical settings and organ transplant types (kidney, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, intestinal, and islet cells), and (c) the application of antibody testing in the posttransplantation setting. The three groups were established in November 2011 and convened for a "Consensus Conference on Antibodies in Transplantation" in Rome, Italy, in May 2012. The deliberations of the three groups meeting independently and then together are the bases for this report. Results: A comprehensive list of recommendations was prepared by each group. A summary of the key recommendations follows. Technical Group: (a) SPI must be used for the detection of pretransplantation HLA antibodies in solid organ transplant recipients and, in particular, the use of the single-antigen bead assay to detect antibodies to HLA loci, such as Cw, DQA, DPA, and DPB, which are not readily detected by other methods. (b) The use of SPI for antibody detection should be supplemented with cell-based assays to examine the correlations between the two types of assays and to establish the likelihood of a positive crossmatch (XM). (c) There must be an awareness of the technical factors that can influence the results and their clinical interpretation when using the Luminex bead technology, such as variation in antigen density and the presence of denatured antigen on the beads. Pretransplantation Group: (a) Risk categories should be established based on the antibody and the XM results obtained. (b) DSA detected by CDC and a positive XM should be avoided due to their strong association with antibody-mediated rejection and graft loss. (c) A renal transplantation can be performed in the absence of a prospective XM if single-antigen bead screening for antibodies to all class I and II HLA loci is negative. This decision, however, needs to be taken in agreement with local clinical programs and the relevant regulatory bodies. (d) The presence of DSA HLA antibodies should be avoided in heart and lung transplantation and considered a risk factor for liver, intestinal, and islet cell transplantation. Posttransplantation Group: (a) High-risk patients (i.e., desensitized or DSA positive/XM negative) should be monitored by measurement of DSA and protocol biopsies in the first 3 months after transplantation. (b) Intermediate-risk patients (history of DSA but currently negative) should be monitored for DSA within the fi《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅rst month. If DSA is present, a biopsy should be performed. (c) Low-risk patients (nonsensitized first transplantation) should be screened for DSA at least once 3 to 12 months after transplantation. If DSA is detected, a biopsy should be performed. In all three categories, the recommendations for subsequent treatment are based on the biopsy results. Conclusions: A comprehensive list of recommendations is provided covering the technical and pretransplantation and posttransplantation monitoring of HLA antibodies in solid organ transplantation. The recommendations are intended to provide state-of-the-art guidance in the use and clinical application of recently developed methods for HLA antibody detection when used in conjunction with traditional methods. Keywords: human-leukocyte antigen; donor-specific antibodies; renal-allograft rejection; antiendothelial cell antibodies; positive cross-match; incompatible kidney-transplantation; coronary-artery-disease; preformed lymphocytotoxic antibodies; pediatric cardiac transplantation; bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome Source: Transplantation, 2013, 95(1): 19–47 Email: Opelz, G; [email protected]–heidelberg.de

Citation frequency: 60 Long-Term Outcomes After Bariatric Surgery Fifteen-Year Follow-Up of Adjustable Gastric Banding and a Systematic Review of the Bariatric Surgical Literature O'Brien, PE; MacDonald, L; Anderson, M; et al. Abstract: Objective: To describe the long-term outcomes after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and compare these with the published literature on bariatric surgery. Background: Because obesity is a chronic disease, any proposed obesity treatment should be expected to demonstrate long-term durability to be considered effective. Yet for bariatric surgery, few long-term weight loss data are available. We report our 15-year follow-up data after LAGB and provide a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature for weight loss at 10 years or more after bariatric surgical procedures. Methods: We performed a prospective longitudinal cohort study of LAGB patients using an electronic database system (LapBase) to track progress, measure weight changes, and document revisional procedures. The evolution of the LAGB procedure was recognized, and revisional rates for 3 separate periods between September 1994 and December 2011 were described. In addition, we performed a systematic review of the peer-reviewed published literature collecting all reports that included weight loss data at or beyond 10 years. Results: A total of 3227 patients, with a mean age of 47 years and a mean body mass index of 43.8 kg/m2, were treated by laparoscopic adjustable gastric band placement between September 1994 and December 2011. Seven hundred fourteen patients had completed at least 10 years of follow-up. Follow-up was intact in 81% of patients overall and 78% of those beyond 10 years. There was no perioperative

42 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts mortality for the primary placement or for any revisional procedures. There was 47.1% of excess weight loss (% EWL) at 15 years [n = 54; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 8.3] and 62% EWL at 16 years (n = 14; 95% CI = 13.6). There was a mean of 47.0% EWL (n = 714; 95% CI = 1.3) for all patients who were at or beyond 10 years follow-up. Revisional procedures were performed for proximal enlargement (26%), erosion (3.4%), and port and tubing problems (21%). The band was explanted in 5.6%. The need for revision decreased as the technique evolved, with 40% revision rate for proximal gastric enlargements in the first 10 years, reducing to 6.4% in the past 5 years. The revision group showed a similar weight loss to the overall group beyond 10 years. The systematic review of all bariatric procedures with 10 or more years of follow-up showed greater than 50% EWL for all current procedures. The weighted mean at maximum follow-up for LAGB was 54.2% EWL and for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was 54.0% EWL. Conclusions: The LAGB study from 1 center demonstrates a durable weight loss with 47% EWL maintained to 15 years. This weight loss occurred regardless of whether any revisional procedures were needed. A systematic review shows substantial and similar long-term weight losses for LAGB and other bariatric procedures. Keywords: vertical banded gastroplasty; adjustable gastric band; 10-year follow-up; quality-of-life; morbid-obesity; biliopancreatic diversion; weight-loss; randomized-trial; bypass; metaanalysis Source: Annals of Surgery, 2013, 257(1): 87–94 Email: O'Brien, PE; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 59 Immunohistochemistry Is Highly Sensitive and Specific for the Detection of V600E BRAF Mutation in Melanoma Long, GV; Wilmott, JS; Capper, D; et al. Abstract: This study investigated the sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis using an anti-BRAF antibody to detect the presence of the BRAF V600E mutation in patients with metastatic melanoma. A total of 100 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IIIC unresectable or stage IV melanoma and who underwent tumor DNA BRAF mutation testing were selected. Paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed melanoma biopsies were analyzed for the BRAF mutation status by independent, blinded observers using both conventional DNA molecular techniques and IHC with the novel BRAF V600E mutant-specific antibody, VE1. The antibody had a sensitivity of 97% (37/38) and a specificity of 98% (58/59) for detecting the presence of a BRAF V600E mutation. Of the BRAF-mutated cases, none of the non-V600E cases (including V600K) stained positive with the antibody (0/11). There were 5 cases with discordant BRAF mutation results.《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 Additional molecular analysis confirmed the immunohistochemically obtained BRAF result in 3 cases, suggesting that the initial molecular testing results were incorrect. Two of these patients would not have received a BRAF inhibitor on the basis of the initial false-negative mutation testing result. Two cases remained discordant. The reported IHC method is an accurate, rapid, and cost-effective method for detecting V600E BRAF mutations in melanoma patients. Clinical use of the V600E BRAF antibody should be a valuable supplement to conventional mutation testing and allow V600E mutant metastatic melanoma patients to be triaged rapidly into appropriate treatment pathways. Keywords: copy number analysis; BRAF(V600E) mutation; stage-ii; cancer; polyclonality; metastases; survival; tumors; trial; assay Source: American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 2013, 37(1): 61–65 Email: Long, GV; [email protected]

Telecommunications Citation frequency: 80 Massive MIMO in the UL/DL of Cellular Networks: How Many Antennas Do We Need? Hoydis, J; ten Brink, S; Debbah, M Abstract: We consider the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) of non-cooperative multi-cellular time-division duplexing (TDD) systems, assuming that the number N of antennas per base station (BS) and the number K of user terminals (UTs) per cell are large. Our system model accounts for channel estimation, pilot contamination, and an arbitrary path loss and antenna correlation for each link. We derive approximations of achievable rates with several linear precoders and detectors which are proven to be asymptotically tight, but accurate for realistic system dimensions, as shown by simulations. It is known from previous work assuming uncorrelated channels, that as N -> infinity while K is fixed, the system performance is limited by pilot contamination, the simplest precoders/detectors, i.e., eigenbeamforming (BF) and matched filter (MF), are optimal, and the transmit power can be made arbitrarily small. We analyze to which extent these conclusions hold in the more realistic setting where N is not extremely large compared to K. In particular, we derive how many antennas per UT are needed to achieve eta% of the ultimate performance limit with infinitely many antennas and how many more antennas are needed with MF and BF to achieve the performance of minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detection and regularized zero-forcing (RZF), respectively. Keywords: multiuser MIMO; channel; wireless; systems Source: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2013, 31(2): 160–171 Email: Hoydis, J; [email protected]

43 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Citation frequency: 50 MIMO Broadcasting for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer Zhang, R; Ho, CK Abstract: Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a promising new solution to provide convenient and perpetual energy supplies to wireless networks. In practice, WPT is implementable by various technologies such as inductive coupling, magnetic resonate coupling, and electromagnetic (EM) radiation, for short-/mid-/long-range applications, respectively. In this paper, we consider the EM or radio signal enabled WPT in particular. Since radio signals can carry energy as well as information at the same time, a unified study on simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is pursued. Specifically, this paper studies a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless broadcast system consisting of three nodes, where one receiver harvests energy and another receiver decodes information separately from the signals sent by a common transmitter, and all the transmitter and receivers may be equipped with multiple antennas. Two scenarios are examined, in which the information receiver and energy receiver are separated and see different MIMO channels from the transmitter, or co-located and see the identical MIMO channel from the transmitter. For the case of separated receivers, we derive the optimal transmission strategy to achieve different tradeoffs for maximal information rate versus energy transfer, which are characterized by the boundary of a so-called rate-energy (R-E) region. For the case of co-located receivers, we show an outer bound for the achievable R-E region due to the potential limitation that practical energy harvesting receivers are not yet able to decode information directly. Under this constraint, we investigate two practical designs for the co-located receiver case, namely time switching and power splitting, and characterize their achievable R-E regions in comparison to the outer bound. Keywords: cognitive radio networks; sum capacity; channels; duality Source: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2013, 12(5): 1989–2001 Email: Zhang, R; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 50 Energy and Spectral Efficiency of Very Large Multiuser MIMO Systems Ngo, HQ; Larsson, EG; Marzetta, TL Abstract: A multiplicity of autonomous terminals simultaneously transmits data streams to a compact array of antennas. The array uses imperfect channel-state information derived from transmitted pilots to extract the individual data streams. The power radiated by the terminals can be made inversely proportional to the square-root of the number of base station antennas with no reduction in performance. In contrast if perfect channel-state 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅information were available the power could be made inversely proportional to the number of antennas. Lower capacity bounds for maximum-ratio combining (MRC), zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detection are derived. An MRC receiver normally performs worse than ZF and MMSE. However as power levels are reduced, the cross-talk introduced by the inferior maximum-ratio receiver eventually falls below the noise level and this simple receiver becomes a viable option. The tradeoff between the energy efficiency (as measured in bits/J) and spectral efficiency (as measured in bits/channel use/terminal) is quantified for a channel model that includes small-scale fading but not large-scale fading. It is shown that the use of moderately large antenna arrays can improve the spectral and energy efficiency with orders of magnitude compared to a single-antenna system. Keywords: performance analysis; broadcast channel; receiver; capacity Source: IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2013, 61(4): 1436–1449 Email: Ngo, HQ; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 43 Time- and Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON) for Next-Generation PON Stage 2 (NG-PON2) Luo, YQ; Zhou, XP; Effenberger, F; et al. Abstract: The next-generation passive optical network stage 2 (NG-PON2) effort was initiated by the full service access network (FSAN) in 2011 to investigate on upcoming technologies enabling a bandwidth increase beyond 10 Gb/s in the optical access network. The FSAN meeting in April 2012 selected the time-and wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) as a primary solution to NG-PON2. In this paper, we summarize the TWDM-PON research in FSAN by reviewing the basics of TWDM-PON and presenting the world's first full-system 40 Gb/s TWDM-PON prototype. After introducing the TWDM-PON architecture, we explore TWDM-PON wavelength plan options to meet the NG-PON2 requirements. TWDM-PON key technologies and their respective level of development are further discussed to investigate its feasibility and availability. The first full-system 40 Gb/s TWDM-PON prototype is demonstrated to provide 40 Gb/s downstream and 10 Gb/s upstream bandwidth. This full prototype system offers 38 dB power budget and supports 20 km distance with a 1:512 split ratio. It coexists with commercially deployed Gigabit PON (G-PON) and 10 Gigabit PON (XG-PON) systems. The operator-vendor joint test results testify that TWDM-PON is achievable by the reuse and integration of commercial devices and components. Keywords: WDM-PON; Gb/s Source: Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2013, 31(4): 587–593 Email: Luo, YQ; [email protected]

44 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts Citation frequency: 37 A Survey of Energy-Efficient Wireless Communications Feng, DQ; Jiang, CZ; Lim, G; et al. Abstract: Reducing energy consumption in wireless communications has attracted increasing attention recently. Advanced physical layer techniques such as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), cognitive radio, network coding, cooperative communication, etc.; new network architectures such as heterogeneous networks, distributed antennas, multi-hop cellulars, etc.; as well as radio and network resource management schemes such as various cross-layer optimization algorithms, dynamic power saving, multiple radio access technologies coordination, etc. have been proposed to address this issue. In this article, we overview these technologies and present the state-of-the-art on each aspect. Some challenges that need to be solved in the area are also described. Keywords: cross-layer optimization; cooperative communication; sensor networks; power-control; resource-allocation; spectral efficiency; cellular networks; channel capacity; link adaptation; MIMO Source: IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 2013, 15(1): 167–178 Email: Feng, DQ; [email protected]

Thermodynamics Citation frequency: 65 A review of the applications of nanofluids in solar energy Mahian, O; Kianifar, A; Kalogirou, SA; et al. Abstract: Utilizing nanofluids as an advanced kind of liquid mixture with a small concentration of nanometer-sized solid particles in suspension is a relatively new field, which is less than two decades old. The aim of this review paper is the investigation of the nanofluids' applications in solar thermal engineering systems. The shortage of fossil fuels and environmental considerations motivated the researchers to use alternative energy sources such as solar energy. Therefore, it is essential to enhance the efficiency and performance of the solar thermal systems. Nearly all of the former works conducted on the applications of nanofluids in solar energy is regarding their applications in collectors and solar water heaters. Therefore, a major part of this review paper allocated to the effects of nanofluids on the performance of solar collectors and solar water heaters from the efficiency, economic and environmental considerations viewpoints. In addition, some reported works on the applications of nanofluids in thermal energy storage, solar cells, and solar stills are reviewed. Subsequently, some suggestions are made to use the《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 nanofluids in different solar thermal systems such as photovoltaic/thermal systems, solar ponds, solar thermoelectric cells, and so on. Finally, the challenges of using nanofluids in solar energy devices are discussed. Keywords: nanohorn-based nanofluids; radiation-enhanced evaporation; heat-transfer characteristics; thermal-conductivity; cooling system; metal nanoparticles; optical-properties; forced-convection; economic-analysis; particle-size Source: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013, 57(2): 582–594 Email: Pop, I; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 49 Entropy generation in steady MHD flow due to a rotating porous disk in a nanofluid Rashidi, MM; Abelman, S; Mehr, NF Abstract: We consider the analysis of the second law of thermodynamics applied to an electrically conducting incompressible nanofluid fluid flowing over a porous rotating disk in the presence of an externally applied uniform vertical magnetic field. This study has applications in rotating magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) energy generators for new space systems and also thermal conversion mechanisms for nuclear propulsion space vehicles. Von Karman transformations are employed to transform the governing equations into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The entropy generation equation is derived as a function of velocity and temperature gradient. This equation is non-dimensionalized using geometrical and physical flow field-dependent parameters. The velocity profiles in radial, tangential and axial directions, temperature distribution, averaged entropy generation number and Bejan number are obtained. A very good agreement is observed between the obtained results of the current study and those of previously published studies. The effects of physical flow parameters such as magnetic interaction parameter, suction parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction and the type of nanofluid on all fluid velocity components, temperature distribution, averaged entropy generation number and Bejan number, skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are examined and analyzed and the path for optimizing the entropy is also proposed. In addition, this simulation represents the feasibility of using magnetic rotating disk drives in novel nuclear space propulsion engines and this model has important applications in heat transfer enhancement in renewable energy systems and industrial thermal management. Keywords: heat-transfer characteristics; stretching sheet; mass-transfer; convection; particles Source: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013, 62: 515–525 Email: Rashidi, MM; [email protected]

45 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Citation frequency: 39 Numerical investigation of MHD effects on Al2O3-water nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a semi-annulus enclosure using LBM Sheikholeslami, M; Gorji-Bandpy, M; Ganji, DD Abstract: In this study, free convection heat transfer in a concentric annulus between a cold square and heated elliptic cylinders in presence of magnetic field is investigated. The square and elliptic cylinders are maintained at uniform temperatures and it is assumed that the walls are insulating magnetic field. Lattice Boltzmann method is applied to solve the governing equations. The effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluid are calculated by KKL (Koo-Kleinstreuer-Li) correlation. In this model effect of Brownian motion on the effective thermal conductivity is considered. The numerical investigation is carried out for different governing parameters namely; the Hartmann number, Rayleigh number and nanoparticle volume fraction. Also a correlation of Nusselt number corresponding to active parameters is presented. The results reveal that average Nusselt number is an increasing function of nanoparticle volume fraction and Rayleigh number, while it is a decreasing function of Hartmann number. Moreover it can be found that the enhancement in heat transfer increases as Hartmann number increases but it decreases with increase of Rayleigh number. Keywords: lattice boltzmann-equation; natural-convection flow; magnetic-field; transfer enhancement; rectangular enclosure; cylindrical annulus; mixed convection; square cavity; cylinder; simulation Source: Energy, 2013, 60: 501–510 Email: Sheikholeslami, M; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 38 Two phase simulation of nanofluid flow and heat transfer using heatline analysis Sheikholeslami, M; Gorji-Bandpy, M; Soleimani, S Abstract: In this study Control Volume based Finite Element Method is applied to solve the problem of natural convection heat transfer in an enclosure filled with nanofluid. The important effect of Brownian motion and thermophoresis has been included in the model of nanofluid. The inner sinusoidal and outer circular walls are maintained at constant temperatures while the two other walls are thermally insulated. The heat transfer between cold and hot regions of the enclosure cannot be well understood by using isotherm patterns so heatline visualization technique is used to find the direction and intensity of heat transfer in a domain. Effects of thermal Rayleigh number (Ra), buoyancy ratio number (Nr) and Lewis number (Le) on streamline, isotherm, isoconcentration and heatline are examined. The results indicate that the average Nusselt《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 number decreases as buoyancy ratio number increases until it reaches a minimum value and then starts increasing. As Lewis number increases, this minimum value occurs at higher buoyancy ratio number. Keywords: lattice-boltzmann method; boundary-layer-flow; natural-convection; magnetic-field; transfer enhancement; enclosure; cylinder; cavity Source: International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013, 47: 73–81 Email: Sheikholeslami, M; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 35 Pre-combustion capture of carbon dioxide in a fixed bed reactor using the clathrate hydrate process Babu, P; Kumar, R; Linga, P

Abstract: Hydrate based gas separation (HBGS) process with silica sand and silica gel as contact medium was employed to capture CO2 from fuel gas mixture. Gas uptake measurement at three different pressures (7.5, 8.5 and 9.0 MPa) and 274.15 K were conducted for hydrate formation kinetics and overall conversion of water to hydrate, rate of hydrate formation were determined. Water conversion of up to 36% was achieved with silica sand bed compared to 13% conversion in the silica gel bed. Effect of driving force on the rate of hydrate formation and gas consumption was significant in silica sand bed whereas it was found to be insignificant in silica gel bed. Hydrate dissociation experiments by thermal stimulation (at constant pressure) alone and a combination of depressurization and thermal stimulation were carried out for complete recovery of the hydrated gas. A driving force of 23 K was found to be sufficient to recover all the hydrated gas within 1 h. This study indicates that silica sand can be an effective porous media for separation of CO2 from fuel gas when compared to silica gel.

Keywords: gas hydrate; flue-gas; phase-equilibrium; porous-media; CO2; recovery; separation; methane; nucleation; mixtures Source: Energy, 2013, 50: 364–373 Email: Linga, P; [email protected]

Toxicology Citation frequency: 113 Structure-Function of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor Superfamily Katritch, V; Cherezov, V; Stevens, RC Abstract: During the past few years, crystallography of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has experienced exponential growth,

46 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts resulting in the determination of the structures of 16 distinct receptors-9 of them in 2012 alone. Including closely related subtype homology models, this coverage amounts to approximately 12% of the human GPCR superfamily. The adrenergic, rhodopsin, and adenosine receptor systems are also described by agonist-bound active-state structures, including a structure of the receptor-G protein complex for the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor. Biochemical and biophysical techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance and hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled with mass spectrometry, are providing complementary insights into ligand-dependent dynamic equilibrium between different functional states. Additional details revealed by high-resolution structures illustrate the receptors as allosteric machines that are controlled not only by ligands but also by ions, lipids, cholesterol, and water. This wealth of data is helping redefine our knowledge of how GPCRs recognize such a diverse array of ligands and how they transmit signals 30 angstroms across the cell membrane; it also is shedding light on a structural basis of GPCR allosteric modulation and biased signaling. Keywords: beta(2) adrenergic-receptor; muscarinic acetylcholine-receptor; adenosine a(2a) receptor; structure-based discovery; histamine h-1 receptor; crystal-structure; conformational-changes; allosteric modulation; opioid receptor; drug discovery Source: Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2013, 53: 531–556 Email: Katritch, V; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 68 Role of Nrf2 in Oxidative Stress and Toxicity Ma, Q Abstract: Organismal life encounters reactive oxidants from internal metabolism and environmental toxicant exposure. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species cause oxidative stress and are traditionally viewed as being harmful. On the other hand, controlled production of oxidants in normal cells serves useful purposes to regulate signaling pathways. Reactive oxidants are counterbalanced by complex antioxidant defense systems regulated by a web of pathways to ensure that the response to oxidants is adequate for the body's needs. A recurrent theme in oxidant signaling and antioxidant defense is reactive cysteine thiol-based redox signaling. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an emerging regulator of cellular resistance to oxidants. Nrf2 controls the basal and induced expression of an array of antioxidant response element-dependent genes to regulate the physiological and pathophysiological outcomes of oxidant exposure. This review discusses the impact of Nrf2 on oxidative stress and toxicity and how Nrf2 senses oxidants and regulates antioxidant defense. Keywords: antioxidant response element; transcription factor Nrf2; smoke-induced emphysema; inflammatory cytokine expression; alcohol spectrum disorders; unfolded《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 protein response; cell-cycle progression; heme oxygenase-1 gene; ya-subunit gene; phenolic antioxidants Source: Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2013, 53: 401 Email: Ma, Q; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 62 A review on antioxidants, prooxidants and related controversy: Natural and synthetic compounds, screening and analysis methodologies and future perspectives Carocho, M; Ferreira, ICFR Abstract: Many studies have been conducted with regard to free radicals, oxidative stress and antioxidant activity of food, giving antioxidants a prominent beneficial role, but, recently many authors have questioned their importance, whilst trying to understand the mechanisms behind oxidative stress. Many scientists defend that regardless of the quantity of ingested antioxidants, the absorption is very limited, and that in some cases prooxidants are beneficial to human health. The detection of antioxidant activity as well as specific antioxidant compounds can be carried out with a large number of different assays, all of them with advantages and disadvantages. The controversy around antioxidant in vivo benefits has become intense in the past few decades and the present review tries to shed some light on research on antioxidants (natural and synthetic) and prooxidants, showing the potential benefits and adverse effects of these opposing events, as well as their mechanisms of action and detection methodologies. It also identifies the limitations of antioxidants and provides a perspective on the likely future trends in this field. Keywords: simulated gastrointestinal digestion; phenolic-acids; vitamin-c; butylated hydroxytoluene; oxidative stress; liquid-chromatography; lipid-peroxidation; gas-chromatography; biological-systems; capacity assays Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2013, 51: 15–25 Email: Ferreira, ICFR; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 49 Oxidative stress: the mitochondria-dependent and mitochondria-independent pathways of apoptosis Sinha, K; Das, J; Pal, PB; et al. Abstract: Oxidative stress basically defines a condition in which prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the cell is disturbed; cellular biomolecules undergo severe oxidative damage, ultimately compromising cells viability. In recent years, a number of studies have shown that oxidative stress could cause cellular apoptosis via both the mitochondria-dependent and mitochondria-independent pathways. Since

47 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 these pathways are directly related to the survival or death of various cell types in normal as well as pathophysiological situations, a clear picture of these pathways for various active molecules in their biological functions would help designing novel therapeutic strategy. This review highlights the basic mechanisms of ROS production and their sites of formation; detail mechanism of both mitochondria-dependent and mitochondria-independent pathways of apoptosis as well as their regulation by ROS. Emphasis has been given on the redox-sensitive ASK1 signalosome and its downstream JNK pathway. This review also describes the involvement of oxidative stress under various environmental toxin- and drug-induced organ pathophysiology and diabetes-mediated apoptosis. We believe that this review would provide useful information about the most recent progress in understanding the mechanism of oxidative stress-mediated regulation of apoptotic pathways. It will also help to figure out the complex cross-talks between these pathways and their modulations by oxidative stress. The literature will also shed a light on the blind alleys of this field to be explored. Finally, readers would know about the ROS-regulated and apoptosis-mediated organ pathophysiology which might help to find their probable remedies in future. Keywords: n-terminal kinase; signal-regulating kinase-1; induced cell-death; d-saccharic acid-1,4-lactone; alpha-induced apoptosis; necrosis-factor-alpha; arsenic-induced cytotoxicity; pancreatic beta-cells; cytochrome-c release; cajanus-indicus l Source: Archives of Toxicology, 2013, 87(7): 1157–1180 Email: Sil, PC; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 44 Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME Godoy, P; Hewitt, NJ; Albrecht, U; et al. Abstract: This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4 alpha, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4 alpha), resulting in up- and downregulation of hundreds of genes. An understanding of these changes is crucial for a correct interpretation of in vitro data. The possibilities and limitations of the most useful liver in vitro systems are summarized, including three-dimensional culture techniques,《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells, hepatospheres, precision cut liver slices and the isolated perfused liver. Also discussed is how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes. Finally, a summary is given of the state of the art of liver in vitro and mathematical modeling systems that are currently used in the pharmaceutical industry with an emphasis on drug metabolism, prediction of clearance, drug interaction, transporter studies and hepatotoxicity. One key message is that despite our enthusiasm for in vitro systems, we must never lose sight of the in vivo situation. Although hepatocytes have been isolated for decades, the hunt for relevant alternative systems has only just begun. Keywords: aryl-hydrocarbon receptor; hepatic stellate cells; drug-drug interactions; farnesoid-x-receptor; primary rat hepatocytes; pluripotent stem-cells; anion-transporting polypeptide; salt export pump; nf-kappa-b; constitutive androstane receptor Source: Archives of Toxicology, 2013, 87(8): 1315–1530 Email: Hewitt, NJ; [email protected]

Transplantation Citation frequency: 142 Fifth INTERMACS annual report: Risk factor analysis from more than 6,000 mechanical circulatory support patients Kirklin, JK; Naftel, DC; Kormos, RL; et al. Abstract: The 5th annual report of the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) summarizes and analyzes the first 6 years of patient and data collection. The current analysis includes more than 6000 patients and updated risk factors for continuous flow pumps. Among continuous flow pumps, actuarial survival is 80% at 1 year and 70% at 2 years. Quality of life indicators are generally favorable and adverse event burden will likely influence patient selections of advanced heart failure therapies. Source: Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 2013, 32(2): 141–156 Email: Kirklin, JK; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 88 Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software 'EZR' for medical statistics Kanda, Y Abstract: Although there are many commercially available statistical software packages, only a few implement a competing risk analysis or a proportional hazards regression model with time-dependent covariates, which are necessary in studies on hematopoietic SCT. In addition, most packages are not clinician friendly, as they require that commands be written based on statistical languages. This report

48 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts describes the statistical software 'EZR' (Easy R), which is based on R and R commander. EZR enables the application of statistical functions that are frequently used in clinical studies, such as survival analyses, including competing risk analyses and the use of time-dependent covariates, receiver operating characteristics analyses, meta-analyses, sample size calculation and so on, by point-and-click access. EZR is freely available on our website (http://www.jichi.ac.jp/saitama-sct/SaitamaHP.files/statmed.html) and runs on both Windows (Microsoft Corporation, USA) and Mac OS X (Apple, USA). This report provides instructions for the installation and operation of EZR. Keywords: bone-marrow transplants; competing risk; cumulative incidence; clinician; tests; guide Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation, 2013, 48(3): 452–458 Email: Kanda, Y; ycanda–[email protected]

Citation frequency: 82 Consensus Guidelines on the Testing and Clinical Management Issues Associated With HLA and Non-HLA Antibodies in Transplantation Tait, BD; Susal, C; Gebel, HM; et al. Abstract: Background: The introduction of solid-phase immunoassay (SPI) technology for the detection and characterization of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies in transplantation while providing greater sensitivity than was obtainable by complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity (CDC) assays has resulted in a new paradigm with respect to the interpretation of donor-specific antibodies (DSA). Although the SPI assay performed on the Luminex instrument (hereafter referred to as the Luminex assay), in particular, has permitted the detection of antibodies not detectable by CDC, the clinical significance of these antibodies is incompletely understood. Nevertheless, the detection of these antibodies has led to changes in the clinical management of sensitized patients. In addition, SPI testing raises technical issues that require resolution and careful consideration when interpreting antibody results. Methods: With this background, The Transplantation Society convened a group of laboratory and clinical experts in the field of transplantation to prepare a consensus report and make recommendations on the use of this new technology based on both published evidence and expert opinion. Three working groups were formed to address (a) the technical issues with respect to the use of this technology, (b) the interpretation of pretransplantation antibody testing in the context of various clinical settings and organ transplant types (kidney, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, intestinal, and islet cells), and (c) the application of antibody testing in the posttransplantation setting. The three groups were established in November 2011 and convened for a "Consensus Conference on Antibodies in Transplantation" in Rome, Italy, in May 2012. The deliberations of the three groups meeting independently and then together are the bases for this report. Results: A comprehensive list of《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 recommendations was prepared by each group. A summary of the key recommendations follows. Technical Group: (a) SPI must be used for the detection of pretransplantation HLA antibodies in solid organ transplant recipients and, in particular, the use of the single-antigen bead assay to detect antibodies to HLA loci, such as Cw, DQA, DPA, and DPB, which are not readily detected by other methods. (b) The use of SPI for antibody detection should be supplemented with cell-based assays to examine the correlations between the two types of assays and to establish the likelihood of a positive crossmatch (XM). (c) There must be an awareness of the technical factors that can influence the results and their clinical interpretation when using the Luminex bead technology, such as variation in antigen density and the presence of denatured antigen on the beads. Pretransplantation Group: (a) Risk categories should be established based on the antibody and the XM results obtained. (b) DSA detected by CDC and a positive XM should be avoided due to their strong association with antibody-mediated rejection and graft loss. (c) A renal transplantation can be performed in the absence of a prospective XM if single-antigen bead screening for antibodies to all class I and II HLA loci is negative. This decision, however, needs to be taken in agreement with local clinical programs and the relevant regulatory bodies. (d) The presence of DSA HLA antibodies should be avoided in heart and lung transplantation and considered a risk factor for liver, intestinal, and islet cell transplantation. Posttransplantation Group: (a) High-risk patients (i.e., desensitized or DSA positive/XM negative) should be monitored by measurement of DSA and protocol biopsies in the first 3 months after transplantation. (b) Intermediate-risk patients (history of DSA but currently negative) should be monitored for DSA within the first month. If DSA is present, a biopsy should be performed. (c) Low-risk patients (nonsensitized first transplantation) should be screened for DSA at least once 3 to 12 months after transplantation. If DSA is detected, a biopsy should be performed. In all three categories, the recommendations for subsequent treatment are based on the biopsy results. Conclusions: A comprehensive list of recommendations is provided covering the technical and pretransplantation and posttransplantation monitoring of HLA antibodies in solid organ transplantation. The recommendations are intended to provide state-of-the-art guidance in the use and clinical application of recently developed methods for HLA antibody detection when used in conjunction with traditional methods. Keywords: human-leukocyte antigen; donor-specific antibodies; renal-allograft rejection; antiendothelial cell antibodies; positive cross-match; incompatible kidney-transplantation; coronary-artery-disease; preformed lymphocytotoxic antibodies; pediatric cardiac transplantation; bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome Source: Transplantation, 2013, 95(1): 19–47 Email: Opelz, G; [email protected]

49 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Citation frequency: 54 OPTN/SRTR 2011 Annual Data Report: Kidney Matas, AJ; Smith, JM; Skeans, MA; et al. Abstract: A shortage of kidneys for transplant remains a major problem for patients with end-stage renal disease. The number of candidates on the waiting list continues to increase each year, while organ donation numbers remain flat. Thus, transplant rates for adult wait-listed candidates continue to decrease. However, pretransplant mortality rates also show a decreasing trend. Many kidneys recovered for transplant are discarded, and discard rates are increasing. Living donation rates have been essentially unchanged for the past decade, despite introduction of desensitization, non-directed donations, and kidney paired donation programs. For both living and deceased donor recipients, early posttransplant results have shown ongoing improvement, driven by decreases in rates of graft failure and return to dialysis. Immunosuppressive drug use has changed little, except for the Food and Drug Administration approval of belatacept in 2011, the first approval of a maintenance immunosuppressive drug in more than a decade. Pediatric kidney transplant candidates receive priority under the Share 35 policy. The number of pediatric transplants peaked in 2005, and decreased to a low of 760 in 2011. Graft survival and short-term renal function continue to improve for pediatric recipients. Postransplant lymphoproliferative disorder is an important concern, occurring in about one-third of pediatric recipients. Source: American Journal of Transplantation, 2013, 13: 11–46

Citation frequency: 47 Mortality and cardiovascular events in online haemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) compared with high-flux dialysis: results from the Turkish OL-HDF Study Ok, E; Asci, G; Toz, H; et al. Abstract: Background: Online haemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) is considered to confer clinical benefits over haemodialysis (HD) in terms of solute removal in patients undergoing maintenance HD. The aim of this study was to compare postdilution OL-HDF and high-flux HD in terms of morbidity and mortality. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, we enrolled 782 patients undergoing thrice-weekly HD and randomly assigned them in a 1:1 ratio to either postdilution OL-HDF or high-flux HD. The mean age of patients was 56.5±13.9 years, time on HD 57.9±44.6 months with a diabetes incidence of 34.7%. The follow-up period was 2 years, with the mean follow-up of 22.7±10.9 months. The primary outcome was a composite of death《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 from any cause and nonfatal cardiovascular events. The major secondary outcomes were cardiovascular and overall mortality, intradialytic complications, hospitalization rate, changes in several laboratory parameters and medications used. Results: The filtration volume in OL-HDF was 17.2±1.3 L. Primary outcome was not different between the groups (event-free survival of 77.6% in OL-HDF versus 74.8% in the high-flux group, P = 0.28), as well as cardiovascular and overall survival, hospitalization rate and number of hypotensive episodes. In a post hoc analysis, the subgroup of OL-HDF patients treated with a median substitution volume >17.4 L per session (high-efficiency OL-HDF, n = 195) had better cardiovascular (P = 0.002) and overall survival (P = 0.03) compared with the high-flux BD group. In adjusted Cox-regression analysis, treatment with high-efficiency OL-BDF was associated with a 46% risk reduction for overall mortality {RR = 0.54 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.31-0.93], P = 0.02} and a 71% risk reduction for cardiovascular mortality [RR = 0.29 (95% CI 0.12-0.65), P = 0.003] compared with high-flux BD. Conclusions: The composite of all-cause mortality and nonfatal cardiovascular event rate was not different in the OL-HDF and in the high-flux BD groups. In a post hoc analysis, OL-HDF treatment with substitution volumes over 17.4 L was associated with better cardiovascular and overall survival. Keywords: post-dilution hemodiafiltration; hemodialysis-patients; membrane-permeability; parameters; removal; therapy; patient; risk; ESRD Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2013, 28(1): 192–202 Email: Ok, E; [email protected]

Transportation Science Technology Citation frequency: 17 Finding Reliable Shortest Paths in Road Networks Under Uncertainty Chen, BY; Lam, WHK; Sumalee, A; et al. Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the solution algorithm for solving the problem of determining reliable shortest paths in road networks with stochastic travel times. The availability of reliable shortest paths enables travelers, in the face of travel time uncertainty, to plan their trips with a pre-specified on-time arrival probability. In this study, the reliable shortest path between origin and destination nodes is determined using a multiple-criteria shortest path approach when link travel times follow normal distributions. The dominance conditions involved in such problems are established, thereby reducing the number of generated non-dominated paths during the search processes. Two solution algorithms, multi-criteria label-setting and A* algorithms, are proposed and their complexities analyzed. Computational results using large scale networks are presented. Numerical examples using data from a real-world advanced traveller information system is also given to illustrate the applicability of the solution algorithms in practice.

50 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts Keywords: vulnerability analysis; route guidance; time; reliability; optimization; algorithms; dominance; behavior; systems; demand Source: Networks & Spatial Economics, 2013, 13(2): 123–148 Email: Chen, BY; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 16 A Wireless Sensor Network-Based Structural Health Monitoring System for Highway Bridges Hu, XY; Wang, BW; Ji, H Abstract: An integrated structural health monitoring (SHM) system for highway bridges is presented. The system is based on a customized wireless sensor network platform with a flexible design that provides a variety of sensors typical in SHM. These sensors include accelerometers, strain gauges, and temperature sensors with ultra-low power consumption. An S-Mote node, an acceleration sensor board, and a strain sensor board are developed to satisfy the requirements of bridge structural monitoring. Communication software components are integrated within TinyOS operating system to provide a flexible software platform whereas the data processing software performs analysis of acceleration, dynamic displacement, and dynamic strain data. The prototype system comprises a nearly linear multi-hop topology and is deployed on an in-service highway bridge. Data acquired from the system are used to examine network performance and to help evaluate the state of the bridge. Experimental results show that the system enables continuous or regular interval monitoring for in-service highway bridges. Keywords: wavelet neural-network; highrise buildings; genetic algorithm; crack detection; modal-analysis; identification; beams; parameters Source: Computer–aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 2013, 28(3): 193–209 Email: Hu, XY; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 15 Combining Genetic Algorithms with a Meso-Scale Approach for System Identification of a Smart Polymeric Textile Fuggini, C; Chatzi, E; Zangani, D Abstract: This article describes a structural system identification approach for the characterization of a novel retrofitting textile, the Composite Seismic Wallpaper. This polymeric textile was developed within the EU co-funded project Polytect as a full coverage method for increasing the seismic resistance of masonry structures. Recently, the wallpaper has been full-scale tested, on a two storey building, at the Eucentre (Pavia) as part of the Seismic Engineering Research Infrastructures for European Synergies (SERIES) program. In this article, an advanced multistage identification methodology is proposed for the successful simulation of this novel material based on the results of the extensive experimental campaign.《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 The identification is essentially formulated as an inverse problem that combines a Genetic Algorithm (GA) as the optimizer and a finite element (FE) model as the physical model of the structure. The aim is material characterization and modeling of the dynamic response of the structure; an issue which is nontrivial due to the intrinsic complexities associated with both masonry and polymers. The process outlined herein is successful in yielding a calibrated model that can more accurately capture the experimentally observed behavior of this three-dimensional full-scale test case. Keywords: wavelet neural-network; modal parameter-identification; finite-element-method; masonry structures; damage detection; structural optimization; highrise buildings; model; walls; excitation Source: Computer–aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 2013, 28(3): 227–245 Email: Fuggini, C; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 15 A Cooperative Scheduling Model for Timetable Optimization in Subway Systems Yang, X; Li, X; Gao, ZY; et al. Abstract: In subway systems, the energy put into accelerating trains can be reconverted into electric energy by using the motors as generators during the braking phase. In general, except for a small part that is used for onboard purposes, most of the recovery energy is transmitted backward along the conversion chain and fed back into the overhead contact line. To improve the utilization of recovery energy, this paper proposes a cooperative scheduling approach to optimize the timetable so that the recovery energy that is generated by the braking train can directly be used by the accelerating train. The recovery that is generated by the braking train is less than the required energy for the accelerating train; therefore, only the synchronization between successive trains is considered. First, we propose the cooperative scheduling rules and define the overlapping time between the accelerating and braking trains for a peak-hours scenario and an off-peak-hours scenario, respectively. Second, we formulate an integer programming model to maximize the overlapping time with the headway time and dwell time control. Furthermore, we design a genetic algorithm with binary encoding to solve the optimal timetable. Last, we present six numerical examples based on the operation data from the Beijing Yizhuang subway line in China. The results illustrate that the proposed model can significantly improve the overlapping time by 22.06% at peak hours and 15.19% at off-peak hours. Keywords: railway timetables; genetic algorithm; train; robustness; generation; networks; track; times Source: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2013, 14(1): 438–447 Email: Yang, X; [email protected]

51 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Citation frequency: 15 Evaluation on State of Charge Estimation of Batteries With Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter by Experiment Approach Xiong, R; He, HW; Sun, FC; et al. Abstract: An accurate State-of-Charge (SoC) estimation plays a significant role in battery systems used in electric vehicles due to the arduous operation environments and the requirement of ensuring safe and reliable operations of batteries. Among the conventional methods to estimate SoC, the Coulomb counting method is widely used, but its accuracy is limited due to the accumulated error. Another commonly used method is model-based online iterative estimation with the Kalman filters, which improves the estimation accuracy in some extent. To improve the performance of Kalman filters in SoC estimation, the adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF), which employs the covariance matching approach, is applied in this paper. First, we built an implementation flowchart of the AEKF for a general system. Second, we built an online open-circuit voltage (OCV) estimation approach with the AEKF algorithm so that we can then get the SoC estimate by looking up the OCV-SoC table. Third, we proposed a robust online model-based SoC estimation approach with the AEKF algorithm. Finally, an evaluation on the SoC estimation approaches is performed by the experiment approach from the aspects of SoC estimation accuracy and robustness. The results indicate that the proposed online SoC estimation with the AEKF algorithm performs optimally, and for different error initial values, the maximum SoC estimation error is less than 2% with close-loop state estimation characteristics. Keywords: electric vehicles; management-systems; of-charge; parameter-estimation; online estimation; ion batteries; model; packs Source: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2013, 62(1): 108–117 Email: He, HW; [email protected]

Transportation Citation frequency: 13 Tradable credit schemes for managing bottleneck congestion and modal split with heterogeneous users Tian, LJ; Yang, H; Huang, HJ Abstract: This paper examines the efficiency of a tradable travel credit scheme for managing bottleneck congestion and modal split in a competitive highway/transit network with continuous heterogeneity in the individuals' value of time. Each user is initially endowed with a certain amount of travel credits and can sell or buy additional credits in a free trading market. Time-dependent credit charge is implemented only for usage of the road bottleneck. We show that both the modal split and credit charge at equilibrium are unique, and the scheme is always Pareto-improving when the《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 system optimum is achieved. Keywords: elastic demand; social cost; model; transport; highway; travel; commuters; existence; private; transit Source: Transportation Research Part E–logistics and Transportation Review, 2013, 54: 1–13 Email: Huang, HJ; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 13 Managing rush hour travel choices with tradable credit scheme Nie, Y; Yin, YF Abstract: This paper Analyzes a new tradable credit scheme (TCS) for managing commuters' travel choices, which seeks to persuade commuters to spread evenly within the rush hour and between primary and alternative routes so that excessive traffic congestion can be alleviated. The scheme defines a peak time window and charges those who use the primary route within that window in the form of mobility credits. Those who avoid the peak-time window, by either traveling outside the peak time window or switching to the alternative route, may be rewarded credits. A market is created such that those who need to pay credits can purchase them from those who acquire them from their rewarding travel choices. A general analytical framework is proposed for a system of two parallel routes. The framework (1) considers a variety of assumptions about commuters' behavior in response to the discontinuous credit charge introduced at the-boundary of the peak-time window, (2) allows modeling congestion effects (or demand elasticity) on the alternative route, and (3) enables both the design of system optimal TCS and the analysis of the efficiency of any given TCS. Our analyses indicate that the proposed TCS not only achieves up to 33% efficiency gains in the base scenario, but also distributes the benefits among all the commuters directly through the credit trading. The results also suggest that very simple TCS schemes could provide substantial efficiency gains for a wide range of scenarios. Such simplicity and robustness are important to practicability of the proposed scheme. Numerical experiments are conducted to examine the sensitivity of TCS designs to various system parameters. Keywords: dependent equilibrium distribution; morning commute; error implementation; single bottleneck; departure time; route choice; congestion; model; demand; system Source: Transportation Research Part B–Methodological, 2013, 50: 1–19 Email: Nie, Y; y–[email protected]

52 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts Citation frequency: 12 Modelling sources of variation in transportation systems: theoretical foundations of day-to-day dynamic models Watling, DP; Cantarella, GE Abstract: The last 20years has seen a growing interest in models of transportation networks which explicitly represent the epoch-to-epoch adaptive behaviour of travellers, such as the day-to-day dynamics of drivers' route choices. These models may represent the system as either a stochastic or deterministic process (DP). A body of theoretical literature now exists on this topic, and the purpose of the present paper is to both synthesise and advance this theory. To provide a focus to the work we analyse such models in terms of their ability to capture various contributory sources of variance in transportation systems. Dealing separately with the cases of uncongested and congested networks, we examine how moment-based deterministic dynamical systems may be exactly or approximately derived from some underlying stochastic process (SP). This opens up such problems to the tools of both deterministic dynamical systems (e.g. stability analysis) and SPs (e.g. Monte Carlo methods, statistical inference). In analysing these sources of variation, we also make several new advances to the existing body of theory, in terms of: extending the model assumptions (e.g. randomly varying choice probabilities and stochastic demand); deriving exact, explicit connections between stochastic and DPs in uncongested networks; applying stability analysis in novel ways to moment characterisations; and last, but not least, providing new limit theorems for asymptotic (large demand) analysis of the dynamics of SP models in congested networks. Keywords: traffic assignment model; beta-binomial model; stochastic equilibrium; network; stability; information; evolution Source: Transportmetrica B–Transport Dynamics, 2013, 1(1): 3–32 Email: Watling, DP; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 12 Optimal deployment of public charging stations for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles He, F; Wu, D; Yin, YF; et al. Abstract: This paper develops an equilibrium modeling framework that captures the interactions among availability of public charging opportunities, prices of electricity, and destination and route choices of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) at regional transportation and power transmission networks coupled by PHEVs. The modeling framework is then applied to determine an optimal allocation of a given number of public charging stations among metropolitan areas in the region to maximize social welfare associated with the coupled networks. The allocation model is《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 formulated as a mathematical program with complementarity constraints, and is solved by an active-set algorithm. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the models and offer insights on the equilibrium of the coupled transportation and power networks, and optimally allocating resource for public charging infrastructure. Keywords: complementarity constraints; mathematical programs; destination choice; impact Source: Transportation Research Part B–Methodological, 2013, 47: 87–101 Email: Yin, YF; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 11 Local sourcing and fashion quick response system: The impacts of carbon footprint tax Choi, TM Abstract: Quick response (QR) system is a well-established industrial practice in fashion apparel. It aims at enhancing inventory management by reducing lead time. In addition to employing a faster delivery mode, QR can be achieved by local sourcing (instead of offshore sourcing). This paper analytically studies how a properly designed carbon footprint taxation scheme can be imposed on a QR system to enhance environmental sustainability via employing a local manufacturer by offsetting the probable higher total logistics and production costs. By examining both the single-ordering and the dual-ordering QR systems, we illustrate how the carbon footprint taxation scheme affects the optimal choice of sourcing decision. Our analytical findings reveal that a properly designed carbon footprint taxation scheme by governing body not only can successfully entice the fashion retailer to source from a local manufacturer, but it can also lead to a lower level of risk for the fashion retailer. A mean-risk improving scenario hence results and it provides a significant incentive to convince the fashion retailer to support the idea of joining QR when the carbon footprint tax is in place. Keywords: supply chain management; policy; performance; contracts; inventory; retailer; goods Source: Transportation Research Part E–Logistics and Transportation Review, 2013, 55: 43–54 Email: Choi, TM; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 11 Global optimization methods for the discrete network design problem Wang, SA; Meng, Q; Yang, H Abstract: This paper addresses the discrete network design problem (DNDP) with multiple capacity levels, or multi-capacity DNDP for short, which determines the optimal number of lanes to add to each candidate link in a road network. We formulate the problem as a

53 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 bi-level programming model, where the upper level aims to minimize the total travel time via adding new lanes to candidate links and the lower level is a traditional Wardrop user equilibrium (UE) problem. We propose two global optimization methods by taking advantage of the relationship between UE and system optimal (SO) traffic assignment principles. The first method, termed as SO-relaxation, exploits the property that an optimal network design solution under SO principle can be a good approximate solution under UE principle, and successively sorts the solutions in the order of increasing total travel time under SO principle. Optimality is guaranteed when the lower bound of the total travel time of the unexplored solutions under UE principle is not less than the total travel time of a known solution under UE principle. The second method, termed as UE-reduction, adds the objective function of the Beckmann-McGuire-Winsten transformation of UE traffic assignment to the constraints of the SO-relaxation formulation of the multi-capacity DNDP. This constraint is convex and strengthens the SO-relaxation formulation. We also develop a dynamic outer-approximation scheme to make use of the state-of-the-art mixed-integer linear programming solvers to solve the SO-relaxation formulation. Numerical experiments based on a two-link network and the Sioux-Falls network are conducted. Keywords: demand uncertainty; equilibrium; algorithms; models; constraints; equity; system Source: Transportation Research Part B–Methodological, 2013, 50: 42–60 Email: Wang, SA; [email protected]

Tropical Medicine Citation frequency: 33 A Five-Country Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Circulating Cathodic Antigen Urine Assay for the Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni Colley, DG; Binder, S; Campbell, C; et al. Abstract: We evaluated a commercial point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test for assessing Schistosoma mansoni infection prevalence in areas at risk. Overall, 4405 school-age children in Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda provided urine for POC-CCA testing and stool for Kato-Katz assays. By latent class analysis, one POC-CCA test was more sensitive (86% versus 62%) but less specific (72% versus similar to 100%) than multiple Kato-Katz smears from one stool. However, only 1% of POC-CCA tests in a non-endemic area were false positives, suggesting the latent class analysis underestimated the POC-CCA specificity. Multivariable modeling estimated POC-CCA as significantly more sensitive than Kato-Katz at low infection intensities (< 100 eggs/gram stool). By linear regression, 72% prevalence among 9-12 year olds by POC-CCA corresponded to 50% prevalence by Kato-Katz, whereas 46% POC-CCA prevalence corresponded to 10%《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 Kato-Katz prevalence. We conclude that one urine POC-CCA test can replace Kato-Katz testing for community-level S. mansoni prevalence mapping. Keywords: kato-katz technique; reagent strip test; fecal egg counts; cote-divoire; diagnosis; cca; infection; praziquantel; haematobium; intensity Source: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2013, 88(3): 426–432 Email: Colley, DG; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 29 Time to set the agenda for schistosomiasis elimination Rollinson, D; Knopp, S; Levitz, S; et al. Abstract: It is time to raise global awareness to the possibility of schistosomiasis elimination and to support endemic countries in their quest to determine the most appropriate approaches to eliminate this persistent and debilitating disease. The main interventions for schistosomiasis control are reviewed, including preventive chemotherapy using praziquantel, snail control, sanitation, safe water supplies, and behaviour change strategies supported by information, education and communication (IEC) materials. Differences in the biology and transmission of the three main Schistosoma species (i.e. Schistosoma haematobium, S. mansoni and S. japonicum), which impact on control interventions, are considered. Sensitive diagnostic procedures to ensure adequate surveillance in areas attaining low endemicity are required. The importance of capacity building is highlighted. To achieve elimination, an intersectoral approach is necessary, with advocacy and action from local communities and the health community to foster cooperative ventures with engineers, the private sector, governments and non-governmental organizations specialized in water supply and sanitation. Examples of successful schistosomiasis control programmes are reviewed to highlight what has been learnt in terms of strategy for control and elimination. These include St. Lucia and other Caribbean islands, Brazil and Venezuela for S. mansoni; Saudi Arabia and Egypt for both S. mansoni and S. haematobium; Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritius and the Islamic Republic of Iran for S. haematobium; Japan and the People's Republic of China for S. japonicum. Additional targets for elimination or even eradication could be the two minor human schistosome species S. guineenisis and S. intercalatum, which have a restricted distribution in West and Central Africa. The examples show that elimination of schistosomiasis is an achievable and desirable goal requiring full integration of preventive chemotherapy with the tools of transmission control. An agenda for the elimination of schistosomiasis would aim to identify the gaps in knowledge, and define the tools, strategies and guidelines that will help national control programmes move towards elimination, including an internationally accepted mechanism that allows verification/ confirmation of elimination.

54 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts Keywords: neglected tropical diseases; polymerase-chain-reaction; sub-saharan africa; intestinal parasitic infections; soil-transmitted helminthiasis; urinary schistosomiasis; health-education; praziquantel treatment; haematobium infection; transmission sites Source: Acta Tropica, 2013, 128(2): 423–440 Email: Rollinson, D; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 25 Shifts in malaria vector species composition and transmission dynamics along the Kenyan coast over the past 20 years Mwangangi, JM; Mbogo, CM; Orindi, BO; et al. Abstract: Background: Over the past 20 years, numerous studies have investigated the ecology and behaviour of malaria vectors and Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission on the coast of Kenya. Substantial progress has been made to control vector populations and reduce high malaria prevalence and severe disease. The goal of this paper was to examine trends over the past 20 years in Anopheles species composition, density, blood-feeding behaviour, and P. falciparum sporozoite transmission along the coast of Kenya. Methods: Using data collected from 1990 to 2010, vector density, species composition, blood-feeding patterns, and malaria transmission intensity was examined along the Kenyan coast. Mosquitoes were identified to species, based on morphological characteristics and DNA extracted from Anopheles gambiae for amplification. Using negative binomial generalized estimating equations, mosquito abundance over the period were modelled while adjusting for season. A multiple logistic regression model was used to analyse the sporozoite rates. Results: Results show that in some areas along the Kenyan coast, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles merus have replaced An. gambiae sensu stricto (s. s.) and Anopheles funestus as the major mosquito species. Further, there has been a shift from human to animal feeding for both An. gambiae sensu lato (s. l.) (99% to 16%) and An. funestus (100% to 3%), and P. falciparum sporozoite rates have significantly declined over the last 20 years, with the lowest sporozoite rates being observed in 2007 (0.19%) and 2008 (0.34%). There has been, on average, a significant reduction in the abundance of An. gambiae s. l. over the years (IRR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.90-0.98), with the density standing at low levels of an average 0.006 mosquitoes/house in the year 2010. Conclusion: Reductions in the densities of the major malaria vectors and a shift from human to animal feeding have contributed to the decreased burden of malaria along the Kenyan coast. Vector species composition remains heterogeneous but in many areas An. arabiensis has replaced An. gambiae as the major malaria vector. This has important implications for malaria epidemiology and control given that this vector predominately rests and feeds on humans outdoors. Strategies for vector control need to continue focusing on tools for protecting residents inside houses but additionally《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 employ outdoor control tools because these are essential for further reducing the levels of malaria transmission. Keywords: anopheles-gambiae complex; plasmodium-falciparum transmission; polymerase chain-reaction; kilifi district; larval habitats; mosquitos; funestus; africa; sporozoite; elisa Source: Malaria Journal, 2013, 12: 13 Email: Mwangangi, JM; jmwangangi@kemri–wellcome.org

Citation frequency: 23 Economic and Disease Burden of Dengue in Southeast Asia Shepard, DS; Undurraga, EA; Halasa, YA Abstract: Background: Dengue poses a substantial economic and disease burden in Southeast Asia (SEA). Quantifying this burden is critical to set policy priorities and disease-control strategies. Methods and Findings: We estimated the economic and disease burden of dengue in 12 countries in SEA: Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, East-Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam. We obtained reported cases from multiple sources-surveillance data, World Health Organization (WHO), and published studies-and adjusted for underreporting using expansion factors from previous literature. We obtained unit costs per episode through a systematic literature review, and completed missing data using linear regressions. We excluded costs such as prevention and vector control, and long-term sequelae of dengue. Over the decade of 2001-2010, we obtained an annual average of 2.9 million (m) dengue episodes and 5906 deaths. The annual economic burden (with 95% certainty levels) was US$950 m (US$610 m-US$1384 m) or about US$1.65 (US$1.06-US$2.41) per capita. The annual number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), based on the original 1994 definition, was 214000 (120000-299000), which is equivalent to 372 (210-520) DALYs per million inhabitants. Conclusion: Dengue poses a substantial economic and disease burden in SEA with a DALY burden per million inhabitants in the region. This burden is higher than that of 17 other conditions, including Japanese encephalitis, upper respiratory infections, and hepatitis B. Keywords: adjusted life years; hemorrhagic-fever; rural cambodia; cost-effectiveness; virus-infection; puerto-rico; health-care; impact; children; illness Source: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2013, 7(2): e2055 Email: Shepard, DS; [email protected]

55 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Citation frequency: 23 Controlled Human Malaria Infections by Intradermal Injection of Cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites Roestenbeng, M; Bijker, EM; Sim, BKL; et al. Abstract: Controlled human malaria infection with sporozoites is a standardized and powerful tool for evaluation of malaria vaccine and drug efficacy but so far only applied by exposure to bites of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf)-infected mosquitoes. We assessed in an open label Phase 1 trial, infection after intradermal injection of respectively 2500, 10000, or 25000 aseptic, purified, vialed, cryopreserved Pf sporozoites (PfSPZ) in three groups (N = 6/group) of healthy Dutch volunteers. Infection was safe and parasitemia developed in 15 of 18 volunteers (84%), 5 of 6 volunteers in each group. There were no differences between groups in time until parasitemia by microscopy or quantitative polymerase chain reaction, parasite kinetics, clinical symptoms, or laboratory values. This is the first successful infection by needle and syringe with PfSPZ manufactured in compliance with regulatory standards. After further optimization, the use of such PfSPZ may facilitate and accelerate clinical development of novel malaria drugs and vaccines. Keywords: vaccine; safety; protection; challenge; mosquitos; efficacy; immunogenicity; gametocytes; immunity; immunization Source: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2013, 88(1): 5–13 Email: Hoffman, SL; [email protected]

Urban Studies Citation frequency: 14 Polyscape: A GIS mapping framework providing efficient and spatially explicit landscape-scale valuation of multiple ecosystem services Jackson, B; Pagella, T; Sinclair, F; et al. Abstract: This paper introduces a GIS framework (Polyscape) designed to explore spatially explicit synergies and trade-offs amongst ecosystem services to support landscape management (from individual fields through to catchments of ca 10000 km2 scale). Algorithms are described and results presented from a case study application within an upland Welsh catchment (Pontbren). Polyscape currently includes algorithms to explore the impacts of land cover change on flood risk, habitat connectivity, erosion and associated sediment delivery to receptors, carbon sequestration and agricultural productivity. Algorithms to trade these single-criteria landscape valuations against each other are also provided, identifying《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 where multiple service synergies exist or could be established. Changes in land management can be input to the tool and "traffic light" coded impact maps produced, allowing visualisation of the impact of different decisions. Polyscape hence offers a means for prioritising existing feature preservation and identifying opportunities for landscape change. The basic algorithms can be applied using widely available national scale digital elevation, land use and soil data. Enhanced output is possible where higher resolution data are available (e.g., LIDAR, detailed land use or soil surveys). Deficiencies in the data are reduced by incorporating local stakeholder knowledge (increasing stakeholder participation in the negotiation process). Keywords: upland land management; agricultural land; water-quality; flood risk; carbon; uk; connectivity; climate; soils; biodiversity Source: Landscape and Urban Planning, 2013, 112: 74–88 Email: Jackson, B; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 12 Physiological and psychological effects of viewing urban forest landscapes assessed by multiple measurements Tsunetsugu, Y; Lee, J; Park, BJ; et al. Abstract: The present study investigated the physiological and psychological effects of viewing urban forest landscapes on 48 young male urban residents. Four forested areas and four urban areas located in central and western Japan were used as the test sites. We found that in the forested areas, the subjects exhibited (i) significantly lower diastolic blood pressure, (ii) significantly higher parasympathetic nervous activity, but significantly lower sympathetic nervous activity, and (iii) significantly lower heart rate. The forest landscapes (iv) obtained better scores in subjective ratings, and (v) induced significantly less negative and more vigorous moods. Taken as whole, these findings suggest that even a short-term viewing of forests has relaxing effects. We have thus concluded that the approach taken in this study is useful in exploring the influences of urban green space on humans, as well as contributing to the planning and design of a healthy environment for urban residents. Source: Landscape and Urban Planning, 2013, 113: 90–93 Email: Miyazaki, Y; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 12 Fire-smart management of forest landscapes in the Mediterranean basin under global change Fernandes, PM Abstract: Modified, more severe fire regimes are developing in the Mediterranean basin as a result of changes in land use and climate.

56 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts Current fire management privileges fire suppression and tends to ignore land management issues, which may further accelerate the transition to a more fire-prone future and magnify the problem. Fire-smart management aims to control the fire regime by intervening on vegetation (fuel) to foster more fire-resistant (less flammable) and/or fire-resilient environments. Scientific knowledge supporting the creation and maintenance of fire-smart wildlands is critically reviewed, considering the landscape and the forest stand scales. Fuel management strategies (isolation, structural modification, and type conversion) are discussed in regards to their current and future potential to buffer the effects of global change on the extent and severity of fires. Uncertainty in the outcomes of fire-smart management arises mainly from insufficient understanding of the relative weights of fuel and weather-drought on the fire regime. Likewise, linkage between global change processes and the fire regime is not straightforward. Shrublands and, in general, open and dry vegetation types will prevail even more in future landscapes. Decrease in biomass will limit fire incidence over parts of the Mediterranean. However, the fire regime will be largely driven by weather, advising concentration of fuel management efforts in wildland-urban interfaces and in forests and their vicinity; decrease of landscape fire severity rather than area burned as the objective; prescribed burning as the treatment of choice, except in the wildland-urban interface; and focus on forest types that are fire-resilient irrespective of flammability. Keywords: catalonia northeast spain; climate-change; fuel treatments; ponderosa pine; united-states; sydney region; eastern spain; wildfire; behavior; model Source: Landscape and Urban Planning, 2013, 110: 175–182 Email: Fernandes, PM; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 9 Civic greening and environmental learning in public-access community gardens in Berlin Bendt, P; Barthel, S; Colding, J Abstract: We analyse environmental learning in public-access community gardens ('PAC-gardens') in Berlin, representing public green spaces that are collectively managed by civil society groups. Through extensive fieldwork, and drawing upon social theories of learning, we describe learning communities in four PAC-gardens and analyse factors that influence participation and boundary interaction, that is when experiences brought in from the outside encounter socially defined competences. Results show that these PAC-gardens have self-generated social and physical structures, which to different degrees inhibit or facilitate boundary interactions, whereas skills of individuals to put those to work, in combination with the quality of the surrounding neighbourhoods, can be ascribed for creating broader participation and greater diversity in the content of learning about local sustainability. Identified learning streams included learning about gardening and local ecological conditions; about urban《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 politics, and about social entrepreneurship. We discuss results in relation to environmental learning that combats the generational amnesia in cities about our dependence on nature, where PAC-gardens clearly distinguish themselves from more closed forms of urban gardening such as allotment gardens and gated community gardens. We conclude that PAC-gardens that intertwine gardening with social, political and economic practices can create broader and more heterogeneous learning about social-ecological conditions, and help develop sense-of-place in degraded neighbourhoods. Keywords: water-resources management; biodiversity conservation; ecosystem services; global change; urban; knowledge; space; agriculture; association; extinction Source: Landscape and Urban Planning, 2013, 109(1): 18–30 Email: Barthel, S; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 9 The contribution of local parks to neighbourhood social ties Kazmierczak, A Abstract: The social ties between the residents of urban neighbourhoods are in decline due to changing work patterns, increased mobility and developments in communications. Neighbourhood open spaces, and green spaces in particular, provide opportunities for social interactions that may help the residents to establish recognition and develop relationships. This paper investigates the contribution of local parks to the development of social ties in inner-city neighbourhoods. Combining quantitative methods (questionnaire survey) with a qualitative approach (focus group discussions), the research was carried out in three inner-city neighbourhoods in Greater Manchester, UK, characterised by different levels of material deprivation and ethnic diversity. The social survey explored the associations between the respondents' visits to local parks and the number of friends and acquaintances they had. The findings suggest that local parks may support the development of social ties in inner-city areas. Associations were found between the quality of the parks, the character of visits. and the extent of social ties in the neighbourhood. The study concludes that for inner-city parks to realise their full potential in supporting social interactions and developing social ties, they need to be well-maintained and provide good recreational facilities. The development of social ties was also found to be considerably affected by the characteristics of the individuals and the neighbourhood. Keywords: urban parks; common spaces; weak ties; community; cohesion; city; crime; integration; disorder; adults Source: Landscape and Urban Planning, 2013, 109(1): 31–44 Email: Kazmierczak, A; [email protected]

57 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015

Urology Nephrology Citation frequency: 98 Image-Guided Prostate Biopsy Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Derived Targets: A Systematic Review Moore, CM; Robertson, NL; Arsanious, N; et al. Abstract: Context: Technical improvements in prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have resulted in the use of MRI to target prostate biopsies. Objective: To systematically review the literature to compare the accuracy of MRI-targeted biopsy with standard transrectal biopsy in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. Evidence acquisition: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception until December 32011, using the search criteria 'prostate OR prostate cancer' AND 'magnetic resonance imaging OR MRI' AND 'biopsy OR target'. Four reviewers independently assessed 4222 records; 222 records required full review. Fifty unique records (corresponding to 16 discrete patient populations) directly compared an MRI-targeted with a standard transrectal approach. Evidence synthesis: Evidence synthesis was used to address specific questions. Where MRI was applied to all biopsy-naivemen, 62% (374 of 599) had MRI abnormalities. When subjected to a targeted biopsy, 66% (248 of 374) had prostate cancer detected. Both targeted and standard biopsy detected clinically significant cancer in 43% (236 or 237 of 555, respectively). Missed clinically significant cancers occurred in 13 men using targeted biopsy and 12 using a standard approach. Targeted biopsy was more efficient. A third fewer men were biopsied overall. Those who had biopsy required a mean of 3.8 targeted cores compared with 12 standard cores. A targeted approach avoided the diagnosis of clinically insignificant cancer in 53 of 555 (10%) of the presenting population. Conclusions: MRI-guided biopsy detects clinically significant prostate cancer in an equivalent number of men versus standard biopsy. This is achieved using fewer biopsies in fewer men, with a reduction in the diagnosis of clinically insignificant cancer. Variability in study methodology limits the strength of recommendation that can be made. There is a need for a robust multicentre trial of targeted biopsies. Keywords: transrectal ultrasound biopsy; previous negative biopsies; contrast-enhanced mri; neoplasia hgpin foci; high psa levels; cancer-detection; peripheral zone; endorectal mri; elevated psa; 3 tesla Source: European Urology, 2013, 63(1): 125–140 Email: Moore, CM; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 88 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 EAU Guidelines on the Treatment and Follow-up of Non-neurogenic Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Including Benign Prostatic Obstruction Oelke, M; Bachmann, A; Descazeaud, A; et al. Abstract: Objective: To present a summary of the 2013 version of the European Association of Urology guidelines on the treatment and follow-up of male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Evidence acquisition: We conducted a literature search in computer databases for relevant articles published between 1966 and 31 October 2012. The Oxford classification system (2001) was used to determine the level of evidence for each article and to assign the grade of recommendation for each treatment modality. Evidence synthesis: Men with mild symptoms are suitable for watchful waiting. All men with bothersome LUTS should be offered lifestyle advice prior to or concurrent with any treatment. Men with bothersome moderate-to-severe LUTS quickly benefit from alpha(1)-blockers. Men with enlarged prostates, especially those >40 ml, profit from 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) that slowly reduce LUTS and the probability of urinary retention or the need for surgery. Antimuscarinics might be considered for patients who have predominant bladder storage symptoms. The phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor tadalafil can quickly reduce LUTS to a similar extent as alpha(1)-blockers, and it also improves erectile dysfunction. Desmopressin can be used in men with nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria. Treatment with an alpha(1)-blocker and 5-ARI (in men with enlarged prostates) or antimuscarinics (with persistent storage symptoms) combines the positive effects of either drug class to achieve greater efficacy. Prostate surgery is indicated in men with absolute indications or drug treatment-resistant LUTS due to benign prostatic obstruction. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the current standard operation for men with prostates 30-80 ml, whereas open surgery or transurethral holmium laser enucleation is appropriate for men with prostates >80 ml. Alternatives for monopolar TURP include bipolar TURP and transurethral incision of the prostate (for glands <30 ml) and laser treatments. Transurethral microwave therapy and transurethral needle ablation are effective minimally invasive treatments with higher retreatment rates compared with TURP. Prostate stents are an alternative to catheterisation for men unfit for surgery. Ethanol or botulinum toxin injections into the prostate are still experimental. Conclusions: These symptom-oriented guidelines provide practical guidance for the management of men experiencing LUTS. Keywords: holmium laser enucleation; tolterodine extended-release; randomized controlled-trial; monopolar transurethral resection; bladder outlet obstruction; titanyl-phosphate laser; 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor dutasteride; aluminum-garnet vapoenucleation; serenoa-repens extract; intensity diode-laser

58 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts Source: European Urology, 2013, 64(1): 118–140 Email: Gravas, S; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 83 Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: AUA Guideline Carter, HB; Albertsen, PC; Barry, MJ; et al. Abstract: Purpose: The guideline purpose is to provide the urologist with a framework for the early detection of prostate cancer in asymptomatic average risk men. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted and summarized evidence derived from over 300 studies that addressed the predefined outcomes of interest (prostate cancer incidence/mortality, quality of life, diagnostic accuracy and harms of testing). In addition to the quality of evidence, the panel considered values and preferences expressed in a clinical setting (patient-physician dyad) rather than having a public health perspective. Guideline statements were organized by age group in years (age <40; 40 to 54; 55 to 69;≥70). Results: Except prostate specific antigen-based prostate cancer screening, there was minimal evidence to assess the outcomes of interest for other tests. The quality of evidence for the benefits of screening was moderate, and evidence for harm was high for men age 55 to 69 years. For men outside this age range, evidence was lacking for benefit, but the harms of screening, including over diagnosis and overtreatment, remained. Modeled data suggested that a screening interval of two years or more may be preferred to reduce the harms of screening. Conclusions: The Panel recommended shared decision-making for men age 55 to 69 years considering PSA-based screening, a target age group for whom benefits may outweigh harms. Outside this age range, PSA-based screening as a routine could not be recommended based on the available evidence. The entire guideline is available at www.AUAnet.org/education/guidelines/prostate-cancer-detection.cfm. Keywords: screening trial; intraepithelial neoplasia; radical prostatectomy; randomized prostate; follow-up; antigen; mortality; interval; autopsy; model Source: Journal of Urology, 2013, 190(2): 419–426

Citation frequency: 71 EAU Guidelines on Non-Muscle-invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Update 2013 Babjuk, M; Burger, M; Zigeuner, R; et al. Abstract: Context: The first European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on bladder cancer were published in 2002 [1]. Since then, the guidelines have been continuously《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 updated. Objective: To present the 2013 EAU guidelines on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Evidence acquisition: Literature published between 2010 and 2012 on the diagnosis and treatment of NMIBC was systematically reviewed. Previous guidelines were updated, and the levels of evidence and grades of recommendation were assigned. Evidence synthesis: Tumours staged as Ta, T1, or carcinoma in situ (CIS) are grouped as NMIBC. Diagnosis depends on cystoscopy and histologic evaluation of the tissue obtained by transurethral resection (TUR) in papillary tumours or by multiple bladder biopsies in CIS. In papillary lesions, a complete TUR is essential for the patient's prognosis. Where the initial resection is incomplete, where there is no muscle in the specimen, or where a high-grade or T1 tumour is detected, a second TUR should be performed within 2-6 wk. The risks of both recurrence and progression may be estimated for individual patients using the EORTC scoring system and risk tables. The stratification of patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups is pivotal to recommending adjuvant treatment. For patients with a low-risk tumour, one immediate instillation of chemotherapy is recommended. Patients with an intermediate-risk tumour should receive one immediate instillation of chemotherapy followed by 1 yr of full-dose bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) intravesical immunotherapy or by further instillations of chemotherapy for a maximum of 1 yr. In patients with high-risk tumours, full-dose intravesical BCG for 1-3 yr is indicated. In patients at highest risk of tumour progression, immediate radical cystectomy should be considered. Cystectomy is recommended in BCG-refractory tumours. The long version of the guidelines is available from the EAU Web site: http://www.uroweb.org/guidelines/. Conclusions: These abridged EAU guidelines present updated information on the diagnosis and treatment of NMIBC for incorporation into clinical practice. Patient summary: The EAU Panel on Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer released an updated version of their guidelines. Current clinical studies support patient selection into different risk groups; low, intermediate and high risk. These risk groups indicate the likelihood of the development of a new (recurrent) cancer after initial treatment (endoscopic resection) or progression to more aggressive (muscle-invasive) bladder cancer and are most important for the decision to provide chemo-or immunotherapy (bladder installations). Surgical removal of the bladder (radical cystectomy) should only be considered in patients who have failed chemo-or immunotherapy, or who are in the highest risk group for progression. Keywords: bacillus-calmette-guerin; transitional-cell carcinoma; randomized clinical-trials; intravesical mitomycin-c; immediate postoperative instillation; T1 papillary carcinoma; follow-up cystoscopy; care proteomic assay; long-term efficacy; phase-iii trial Source: European Urology, 2013, 64(4): 639–653 Email: Babjuk, M; [email protected]

59 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Citation frequency: 64 Efficacy and Tolerability of Mirabegron, a beta(3)-Adrenoceptor Agonist, in Patients with Overactive Bladder: Results from a Randomised European-Australian Phase 3 Trial Khullar, V; Amarenco, G; Angulo, JC; et al. Abstract: Background: Mirabegron, a beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonist, has been developed for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB). Objective: To assess the efficacy and tolerability of mirabegron versus placebo. Design, setting, and participants: Multicenter randomised double-blind, parallel-group placebo-and tolterodine-controlled phase 3 trial conducted in 27 countries in Europe and Australia in patients≥18 yr of age with symptoms of OAB for≥3 mo. Intervention: After a 2 wk single-blind placebo run-in period, patients were randomised to receive placebo, mirabegron 50 mg, mirabegron 100 mg, or tolterodine extended release 4 mg orally once daily for 12 wk. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Patients completed a micturition diary and quality-of-life (QoL) assessments. Co-primary efficacy end points were change from baseline to final visit in the mean number of incontinence episodes and micturitions per 24 h. The primary comparison was between mirabegron and placebo with a secondary comparison between tolterodine and placebo. Safety parameters included adverse events (AEs), laboratory assessments, vital signs, electrocardiograms, and postvoid residual volume. Results and limitations: A total of 1978 patients were randomised and received the study drug. Mirabegron 50-mg and 100 mg groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements (adjusted mean change from baseline [95% confidence intervals]) at the final visit in the number of incontinence episodes per 24 h (-1.57 [-1.79 to -1.35] and -1.46 [-1.68 to -1.23], respectively, vs placebo -1.17 [-1.39 to -0.95]) and number of micturitions per 24 h (-1.93 [-2.15 to -1.72] and -1.77 [-1.99 to -1.56], respectively, vs placebo -1.34 [-1.55 to -1.12]; p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Statistically significant improvements were also observed in other key efficacy end points and QoL outcomes. The incidence of treatment-emergent AEs was similar across treatment groups. The main limitation of this study was the short (12 wk) duration of treatment. Conclusions: Mirabegron represents a new class of treatment for OAB with proven efficacy and good tolerability. Trial identification: This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT00689104. Keywords: urinary-tract symptoms; double-blind; heart-rate; metaanalysis Source: European Urology, 2013, 63(2): 283–295 Email: Khullar, V; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 59 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 Testosterone Deficiency in Men: Systematic Review and Standard Operating Procedures for Diagnosis and Treatment Buvat, J; Maggi, M; Guay, A; et al. Abstract: Introduction: Testosterone (T) deficiency (TD) may significantly affect sexual function and multiple organ systems. Aim: To provide recommendations and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) based on best evidence for diagnosis and treatment of TD in men. Methods: Medical literature was reviewed by the Endocrine subcommittee of the ISSM Standards Committee, followed by extensive internal discussion over two years, then public presentation and discussion with other experts. Main Outcome Measure: Recommendations and SOPs based on grading of evidence-based medical literature and interactive discussion. Results: TD is the association of a low serum T with consistent symptoms or signs. T level tends to decline with age. T modulates sexual motivation and erection. It also plays a broader role in men's health. Recent studies have established associations between low T, male sexual dysfunctions and metabolic risk factors. Though association does not mean causation, low T is associated with reduced longevity, risk of fatal cardiovascular events, obesity, sarcopenia, mobility limitations, osteoporosis, frailty, cognitive impairment, depression, Sleep Apnea Syndrome, and other chronic diseases. The paper proposes a standardized process for diagnosis and treatment of TD, and updates the knowledge on T therapy (Tth) and prostate and cardiovascular safety. There is no compelling evidence that Tth causes prostate cancer or its progression in men without severe TD. Polycythemia is presently the only cardiovascular-related adverse-event significantly associated with Tth. But follow-up of controlled T trials is limited to 3 years. Conclusions: Men with sexual dysfunctions, and/or with visceral obesity and metabolic diseases should be screened for TD and treated. Young men with TD should also be treated. Benefits and risks of Tth should be carefully assessed in older men. Prospective, long-term, placebo-controlled, interventional studies are required before screening for TD in more conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, and considering correction of TD as preventive medicine. Buvat J, Maggi M, Guay A, and Torres LO. Testosterone deficiency in men: Systematic review and standard operating procedures for diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: placebo-controlled trials; late-onset hypogonadism; low serum testosterone; middle-aged men; androgen deprivation therapy; benign prostatic hyperplasia; randomized controlled-trial; endogenous sex-hormones; population-based cohort; gastric bypass-surgery Source: Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2013, 10(1): 245–284 Email: Buvat, J; [email protected]

60 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts Citation frequency: 57 High-Efficiency Postdilution Online Hemodiafiltration Reduces All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients Maduell, F; Moreso, F; Pons, M; et al. Abstract: Retrospective studies suggest that online hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) may reduce the risk of mortality compared with standard hemodialysis in patients with ESRD. We conducted a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial in which we assigned 906 chronic hemodialysis patients either to continue hemodialysis (n=450) or to switch to high-efficiency postdilution OL-HDF (n=456). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and secondary outcomes included cardiovascular mortality, all-cause hospitalization, treatment tolerability, and laboratory data. Compared with patients who continued on hemodialysis, those assigned to OL-HDF had a 30% lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.53-0.92; P=0.01), a 33% lower risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.44-1.02; P=0.06), and a 55% lower risk of infection-related mortality (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21-0.96; P=0.03). The estimated number needed to treat suggested that switching eight patients from hemodialysis to OL-HDF may prevent one annual death. The incidence rates of dialysis sessions complicated by hypotension and of all-cause hospitalization were lower in patients assigned to OL-HDF. In conclusion, high-efficiency postdilution OL-HDF reduces all-cause mortality compared with conventional hemodialysis. Keywords: patients receiving hemodiafiltration; remarkable removal; flux hemodialysis; hemofiltration; reduction; dialysis; risk; esrd Source: Journal of The American Society of Nephrology, 2013, 24(3): 487–497 Email: Maduell, F; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 57 Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Urothelial Bladder Cancer Burger, M; Catto, JWF; Dalbagni, G; et al. Abstract: Context: Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is a disease of significant morbidity and mortality. It is important to understand the risk factors of this disease. Objective: To describe the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of UBC and to review and interpret the current evidence on and impact of the related risk factors. Evidence acquisition: A literature search in English was performed using PubMed. Relevant papers on the epidemiology of UBC were selected. Evidence synthesis: UBC is the 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅7th most common cancer worldwide in men and the 17th most common cancer worldwide in women. Approximately 75% of newly diagnosed UBCs are noninvasive. Each year, approximately 110500 men and 70000 women are diagnosed with new cases and 38200 patients in the European Union and 17000 US patients die from UBC. Smoking is the most common risk factor and accounts for approximately half of all UBCs. Occupational exposure to aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are other important risk factors. The impact of diet and environmental pollution is less evident. Increasing evidence suggests a significant influence of genetic predisposition on incidence. Conclusions: UBC is a frequently occurring malignancy with a significant impact on public health and will remain so because of the high prevalence of smoking. The importance of primary prevention must be stressed, and smoking cessation programs need to be encouraged and supported. Keywords: environmental tobacco-smoke; genome-wide association; hair dye use; confers susceptibility; radical cystectomy; sequence variant; EAU guidelines; fluid intake; mortality; consumption Source: European Urology, 2013, 63(2): 234–241 Email: Burger, M; [email protected]–wuerzburg.de

Citation frequency: 54 Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer Worldwide: The PRIAS Study Bul, M; Zhu, XY; Valdagni, R; et al. Abstract: Background: Overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment are important side effects of screening for, and early detection of, prostate cancer (PCa). Active surveillance (AS) is of growing interest as an alternative to radical treatment of low-risk PCa. Objective: To update our experience in the largest worldwide prospective AS cohort. Design, setting, and participants: Eligible patients had clinical stage T1/T2 PCa, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≤10 ng/ml, PSA density <0.2 ng/ml per milliliter, one or two positive biopsy cores, and Gleason score≤6. PSA was measured every 3-6 mo, and volume-based repeat biopsies were scheduled after 1, 4, and 7 yr. Reclassification was defined as more than two positive cores or Gleason >6 at repeat biopsy. Recommendation for treatment was triggered in case of PSA doubling time <3 yr or reclassification. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate predictors for reclassification at repeat biopsy. Active therapy-free survival (ATFS) was assessed with a Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of clinical characteristics with active therapy over time. Results and limitations: In total, 2494 patients were included and followed for a median of 1.6 yr. One or more repeat biopsies were

61 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 performed in 1480 men, of whom 415 men (28%) showed reclassification. Compliance with the first repeat biopsy was estimated to be 81%. During follow-up, 527 patients (21.1%) underwent active therapy. ATFS at 2 yr was 77.3%. The strongest predictors for reclassification and switching to deferred treatment were the number of positive cores (two cores compared with one core) and PSA density. The disease-specific survival rate was 100%. Follow-up was too short to draw definitive conclusions about the safety of AS. Conclusions: Our short-term data support AS as a feasible strategy to reduce overtreatment. Clinical characteristics and PSA kinetics during follow-up can be used for risk stratification. Strict monitoring is even more essential in men with high-risk features to enable timely recognition of potentially aggressive disease and offer curative intervention. Limitations of using surrogate end points and markers in AS should be recognized. Keywords: radical prostatectomy; tumor volume; conservative management; contemporary cohort; men; progression; outcomes; predictors; program; density Source: European Urology, 2013, 63(4): 597–603 Email: Bul, M; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 52 EAU Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part 1: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent-Update 2013 Heidenreich, A; Bastian, PJ; Bellmunt, J; et al. Abstract: Context: The most recent summary of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on prostate cancer (PCa) was published in 2011. Objective: To present a summary of the 2013 version of the EAU guidelines on screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent of clinically organ-confined PCa. Evidence acquisition: A literature review of the new data emerging from 2011 to 2013 has been performed by the EAU PCa guideline group. The guidelines have been updated, and levels of evidence and grades of recommendation have been added to the text based on a systematic review of the literature, which included a search of online databases and bibliographic reviews. Evidence synthesis: A full version of the guidelines is available at the EAU office or online (www.uroweb.org). Current evidence is insufficient to warrant widespread population-based screening by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for PCa. Systematic prostate biopsies under ultrasound guidance and local《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 anesthesia are the preferred diagnostic method. Active surveillance represents a viable option in men with low-risk PCa and a long life expectancy. A biopsy progression indicates the need for active intervention, whereas the role of PSA doubling time is controversial. In men with locally advanced PCa for whom local therapy is not mandatory, watchful waiting (WW) is a treatment alternative to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), with equivalent oncologic efficacy. Active treatment is recommended mostly for patients with localized disease and a long life expectancy, with radical prostatectomy (RP) shown to be superior to WW in prospective randomized trials. Nerve-sparing RP is the approach of choice in organ-confined disease, while neoadjuvant ADT provides no improvement in outcome variables. Radiation therapy should be performed with≥74 Gy in low-risk PCa and 78 Gy in intermediate-or high-risk PCa. For locally advanced disease, adjuvant ADT for 3 yr results in superior rates for disease-specific and overall survival and is the treatment of choice. Follow-up after local therapy is largely based on PSA and a disease-specific history, with imaging indicated only when symptoms occur. Conclusions: Knowledge in the field of PCa is rapidly changing. These EAU guidelines on PCa summarize the most recent findings and put them into clinical practice. Patient summary: A summary is presented of the 2013 EAU guidelines on screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent of clinically organ-confined prostate cancer (PCa). Screening continues to be done on an individual basis, in consultation with a physician. Diagnosis is by prostate biopsy. Active surveillance is an option in low-risk PCa and watchful waiting is an alternative to androgen-deprivation therapy in locally advanced PCa not requiring immediate local treatment. Radical prostatectomy is the only surgical option. Radiation therapy can be external or delivered by way of prostate implants. Treatment follow-up is based on the PSA level. Keywords: assisted radical prostatectomy; randomized controlled-trial; phase-iii trial; extended pelvic lymphadenectomy; digital rectal examination; term androgen deprivation; salvage radiation-therapy; lymph-node involvement; follow-up; high-risk Source: European Urology, 2014, 65(1): 124–137 Email: Heidenreich, A; [email protected]

Veterinary Sciences Citation frequency: 27 Explosive spread of a neuroinvasive lineage 2 West Nile virus in Central Europe, 2008/2009 Bakonyi, T; Ferenczi, E; Erdelyi, K; et al. Abstract: For the first time outside sub-Saharan Africa, a lineage 2 West Nile virus (WNV) emerged in Hungary in 2004. It caused sporadic cases of encephalitis in goshawks (Accipiter gentilis), other predatory birds, and in mammals. As a consequence, a surveillance

62 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts program was initiated in Hungary and in Austria, which included virological, molecular, serological and epidemiological investigations in human beings, birds, horses, and mosquitoes. The virus strain became endemic to Hungary, however only sporadic cases of infections were observed between 2004 and 2007. Unexpectedly, explosive spread of the virus was noted in 2008, when neuroinvasive West Nile disease (WND) was diagnosed all over Hungary in dead goshawks and other birds of prey (n = 25), in horses (n = 12), and humans (n = 22). At the same time this virus also spread to the eastern part of Austria, where it was detected in dead wild birds (n = 8). In 2009, recurrent WND outbreaks were observed in Hungary and Austria, in wild birds, horses, and humans in the same areas. Virus isolates of both years exhibited closest genetic relationship to the lineage 2 WNV strain which emerged in 2004. As we know today, the explosive spread of the lineage 2 WNV in 2008 described here remained not restricted to Hungary and Austria, but this virus dispersed further to the south to various Balkan states and reached northern Greece, where it caused the devastating neuroinvasive WND outbreak in humans in 2010. Keywords: usutu-virus; encephalitis; hungary; flaviviruses; surveillance; temperature; infections; emergence; culicidae; outbreak Source: Veterinary Microbiology, 2013, 165(1–2): 61–70 Email: Nowotny, N; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 25 Recent developments in altering the fatty acid composition of ruminant-derived foods Shingfield, KJ; Bonnet, M; Scollan, ND Abstract: There is increasing evidence to indicate that nutrition is an important factor involved in the onset and development of several chronic human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), type II diabetes and obesity. Clinical studies implicate excessive consumption of medium-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) and trans-fatty acids (TFA) as risk factors for CVD, and in the aetiology of other chronic conditions. Ruminant-derived foods are significant sources of medium-chain SFA and TFA in the human diet, but also provide high-quality protein, essential micronutrients and several bioactive lipids. Altering the fatty acid composition of ruminant-derived foods offers the opportunity to align the consumption of fatty acids in human populations with public health policies without the need for substantial changes in eating habits. Replacing conserved forages with fresh grass or dietary plant oil and oilseed supplements can be used to lower medium-chain and total SFA content and increase cis-9 18:1, total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to a variable extent in ruminant milk. However, inclusion of fish oil or marine algae in the ruminant diet results in marginal enrichment of 20- or 22-carbon PUFA in milk. Studies in growing ruminants have confirmed that the same nutritional strategies improve the balance of n-6/n-3 PUFA, and increase CLA and long-chain n-3 PUFA in ruminant meat, but the potential to lower medium-chain and total SFA is limited.《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 Attempts to alter meat and milk fatty acid composition through changes in the diet fed to ruminants are often accompanied by several-fold increases in TFA concentrations. In extreme cases, the distribution of trans 18:1 and 18:2 isomers in ruminant foods may resemble that of partially hydrogenated plant oils. Changes in milk fat or muscle lipid composition in response to diet are now known to be accompanied by tissue-specific alterations in the expression of one or more lipogenic genes. Breed influences both milk and muscle fat content, although recent studies have confirmed the occurrence of genetic variability in transcript abundance and activity of enzymes involved in lipid synthesis and identified polymorphisms for several key lipogenic genes in lactating and growing cattle. Although nutrition is the major factor influencing the fatty acid composition of ruminant-derived foods, further progress can be expected through the use of genomic or marker-assisted selection to increase the frequency of favourable genotypes and the formulation of diets to exploit this genetic potential. Keywords: conjugated linoleic-acid; stearoyl-coa desaturase; japanese black cattle; lactating dairy-cows; subcutaneous adipose-tissue; element-binding protein-1; fed maize silage; mammary lipogenic enzymes; sunflower-seed oil; red-clover silage Source: Animal, 2013, 7: 132–162 Email: Shingfield, KJ; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 25 Salmon lice - impact on wild salmonids and salmon aquaculture Torrissen, O; Jones, S; Asche, F; et al. Abstract: Salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, are naturally occurring parasites of salmon in sea water. Intensive salmon farming provides better conditions for parasite growth and transmission compared with natural conditions, creating problems for both the salmon farming industry and, under certain conditions, wild salmonids. Salmon lice originating from farms negatively impact wild stocks of salmonids, although the extent of the impact is a matter of debate. Estimates from Ireland and Norway indicate an odds ratio of 1.1:1-1.2:1 for sea lice treated Atlantic salmon smolt to survive sea migration compared to untreated smolts. This is considered to have a moderate population regulatory effect. The development of resistance against drugs most commonly used to treat salmon lice is a serious concern for both wild and farmed fish. Several large initiatives have been taken to encourage the development of new strategies, such as vaccines and novel drugs, for the treatment or removal of salmon lice from farmed fish. The newly sequenced salmon louse genome will be an important tool in this work. The use of cleaner fish has emerged as a robust method for controlling salmon lice, and aquaculture production of wrasse is important towards this aim. Salmon lice have large economic consequences for the salmon industry, both as direct costs for the prevention and treatment, but also indirectly through negative public opinion.

63 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Keywords: louse lepeophtheirus-salmonis; farmed atlantic salmon; juvenile pink salmon; sea lice; salar l; emamectin benzoate; british- columbia; west-coast; oncorhynchus-gorbuscha; gene-expression Source: Journal of Fish Diseases, 2013, 36(3): 171–194 Email: Torrissen, O; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 22 Emergence of Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the United States: clinical signs, lesions, and viral genomic sequences Stevenson, GW; Hoang, H; Schwartz, KJ; et al. Abstract: During the 10 days commencing April 29, 2013, the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory received the first 4 of many submissions from swine farms experiencing explosive epidemics of diarrhea and vomiting affecting all ages, with 90%-95% mortality in suckling pigs. Histology revealed severe atrophy of villi in all segments of the small intestines with occasional villus-epithelial syncytial cells, but testing for rotaviruses and Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (Alphacoronavirus 1) were negative. Negative-staining electron microscopy of feces revealed coronavirus-like particles and a pan-coronavirus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) designed to amplify a conserved region of the polymerase gene for all members in the family Coronaviridae produced expected 251-bp amplicons. Subsequent sequencing and analysis revealed 99.6%-100% identity among the PCR amplicons from the 4 farms and 97%-99% identity to the corresponding portion of the polymerase gene of Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strains, with the highest identity (99%) to strains from China in 2012. Findings were corroborated at National Veterinary Services Laboratories using 2 nested S-gene and 1 nested N-gene PCR tests where the sequenced amplicons also had the highest identity with 2012 China strains. Whole genome sequence for the virus from 2 farms in 2 different states using next-generation sequencing technique was compared to PEDV sequences available in GenBank. The 2013 U.S. PEDV had 96.6%-99.5% identity with all known PEDV strains and the highest identity (>99.0%) to some of the 2011-2012 Chinese strains. The nearly simultaneous outbreaks of disease, and high degree of homology (99.6%-100%) between the PEDV strains from the 4 unrelated farms, suggests a common source of virus. Source: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2013, 25(5): 649–654 Email: Stevenson, GW; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 22 Phlebotomine sandflies and the spreading of leishmaniases and other diseases of public health concern 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅Maroli, M; Feliciangeli, MD; Bichaud, L; et al. Abstract: Phlebotomine sandflies transmit pathogens that affect humans and animals worldwide. We review the roles of phlebotomines in the spreading of leishmaniases, sandfly fever, summer meningitis, vesicular stomatitis, Chandipura virus encephalitis and Carrion's disease. Among over 800 species of sandfly recorded, 98 are proven or suspected vectors of human leishmaniases; these include 42 Phlebotomus species in the Old World and 56 Lutzomyia species in the New World (all: Diptera: Psychodidae). Based on incrimination criteria, we provide an updated list of proven or suspected vector species by endemic country where data are available. Increases in sandfly diffusion and density resulting from increases in breeding sites and blood sources, and the interruption of vector control activities contribute to the spreading of leishmaniasis in the settings of human migration, deforestation, urbanization and conflict. In addition, climatic changes can be expected to affect the density and dispersion of sandflies. Phlebovirus infections and diseases are present in large areas of the Old World, especially in the Mediterranean subregion, in which virus diversity has proven to be higher than initially suspected. Vesiculovirus diseases are important to livestock and humans in the southeastern U.S.A. and Latin America, and represent emerging human threats in parts of India. Carrion's disease, formerly restricted to regions of elevated altitude in Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, has shown recent expansion to non-endemic areas of the Amazon basin. Keywords: sand flies diptera; vesicular stomatitis-virus; american cutaneous leishmaniasis; lutzomyia-longipalpis diptera; canine antibody-response; north-central venezuela; new-jersey virus; visceral leishmaniasis; chandipura-virus; toscana virus Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2013, 27(2): 123–147 Email: Gradoni, L; [email protected]

Virology Citation frequency: 105 Post-Treatment HIV-1 Controllers with a Long-Term Virological Remission after the Interruption of Early Initiated Antiretroviral Therapy ANRS VISCONTI Study Saez-Cirion, A; Bacchus, C; Hocqueloux, L; et al. Abstract: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces HIV-associated morbidities and mortalities but cannot cure the infection. Given the difficulty of eradicating HIV-1, a functional cure for HIV-infected patients appears to be a more reachable short-term goal. We identified 14 HIV patients (post-treatment controllers [PTCs]) whose viremia remained controlled for several years after the interruption of prolonged cART initiated during the primary infection. Most PTCs lacked the protective HLA B alleles that are overrepresented in spontaneous HIV controllers (HICs); instead, they carried risk-associated HLA alleles that were largely absent among the HICs.

64 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts Accordingly, the PTCs had poorer CD8+ T cell responses and more severe primary infections than the HICs did. Moreover, the incidence of viral control after the interruption of early antiretroviral therapy was higher among the PTCs than has been reported for spontaneous control. Off therapy, the PTCs were able to maintain and, in some cases, further reduce an extremely low viral reservoir. We found that long-lived HIV-infected CD4+ T cells contributed poorly to the total resting HIV reservoir in the PTCs because of a low rate of infection of naive T cells and a skewed distribution of resting memory CD4+ T cell subsets. Our results show that early and prolonged cART may allow some individuals with a rather unfavorable background to achieve long-term infection control and may have important implications in the search for a functional HIV cure. Keywords: T-cell responses; primary infection; immune function; plasma viremia; viral load; ex-vivo; in-vivo; virus; nonprogressors; replication Source: Plos Pathogens, 2013, 9(3): e1003211 Email: Saez-Cirion, A; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 74 New World Bats Harbor Diverse Influenza A Viruses Tong, SX; Zhu, XY; Li, Y; et al. Abstract: Aquatic birds harbor diverse influenza A viruses and are a major viral reservoir in nature. The recent discovery of influenza viruses of a new H17N10 subtype in Central American fruit bats suggests that other New World species may similarly carry divergent influenza viruses. Using consensus degenerate RT-PCR, we identified a novel influenza A virus, designated as H18N11, in a flat-faced fruit bat (Artibeus planirostris) from Peru. Serologic studies with the recombinant H18 protein indicated that several Peruvian bat species were infected by this virus. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that, in some gene segments, New World bats harbor more influenza virus genetic diversity than all other mammalian and avian species combined, indicative of a long-standing host-virus association. Structural and functional analyses of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase indicate that sialic acid is not a ligand for virus attachment nor a substrate for release, suggesting a unique mode of influenza A virus attachment and activation of membrane fusion for entry into host cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that bats constitute a potentially important and likely ancient reservoir for a diverse pool of influenza viruses. Keywords: hemagglutinin membrane glycoprotein; maximum-likelihood; viral polymerase; pb2 protein; sars-like; segment 3; neuraminidase; binding; host; coronaviruses Source: Plos Pathogens, 2013, 9(10):《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 e1003657 Email: Tong, SX; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 51 The Retroviral Restriction Ability of SAMHD1, but Not Its Deoxynucleotide Triphosphohydrolase Activity, Is Regulated by Phosphorylation White, TE; Brandariz-Nunez, A; Valle-Casuso, JC; et al. Abstract: SAMHD1 is a cellular enzyme that depletes intracellular deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) and inhibits the ability of retroviruses, notably HIV-1, to infect myeloid cells. Although SAMHD1 is expressed in both cycling and noncycling cells, the antiviral activity of SAMHD1 is limited to noncycling cells. We determined that SAMHD1 is phosphorylated on residue T592 in cycling cells but that this phosphorylation is lost when cells are in a noncycling state. Reverse genetic experiments revealed that SAMHD1 phosphorylated on residue T592 is unable to block retroviral infection, but this modification does not affect the ability of SAMHD1 to decrease cellular dNTP levels. SAMHD1 contains a target motif for cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk1) (592 TPQK 595), and cdk1 activity is required for SAMHD1 phosphorylation. Collectively, these findings indicate that phosphorylation modulates the ability of SAMHD1 to block retroviral infection without affecting its ability to decrease cellular dNTP levels. Keywords: immunodeficiency-virus type-1; aicardi-goutieres syndrome; Cd4+ T-cells; HIV-1 restriction; dendritic cells; vpx protein; reverse transcription; primate lentiviruses; nuclear-localization; ubiquitin ligase Source: Cell Host & Microbe, 2013, 13(4): 441–451 Email: Diaz-Griffero, F; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 50 Fusobacterium nucleatum Potentiates Intestinal Tumorigenesis and Modulates the Tumor-Immune Microenvironment Kostic, AD; Chun, EY; Robertson, L; et al. Abstract: Increasing evidence links the gut microbiota with colorectal cancer. Metagenomic analyses indicate that symbiotic Fusobacterium spp. are associated with human colorectal carcinoma, but whether this is an indirect or causal link remains unclear. We find that Fusobacterium spp. are enriched in human colonic adenomas relative to surrounding tissues and in stool samples from colorectal adenoma and carcinoma patients compared to healthy subjects. Additionally, in the Apc(Min/+) mouse model of intestinal tumorigenesis, Fusobacterium nucleatum increases tumor multiplicity and selectively recruits tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, which can promote tumor

65 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 progression. Tumors from Apc(Min/+) mice exposed to F. nucleatum exhibit a proinflammatory expression signature that is shared with human fusobacteria-positive colorectal carcinomas. However, unlike other bacteria linked to colorectal carcinoma, F. nucleatum does not exacerbate colitis, enteritis, or inflammation-associated intestinal carcinogenesis. Collectively, these data suggest that, through recruitment of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, fusobacteria generate a proinflammatory microenvironment that is conducive for colorectal neoplasia progression. Keywords: regulatory t-cells; nf-kappa-b; colorectal-cancer; microbial products; bet deficiency; inflammation; activation; diversity; innate; system Source: Cell Host & Microbe, 2013, 14(2): 207–215 Email: Meyerson, M; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 50 Mortality in well controlled HIV in the continuous antiretroviral therapy arms of the SMART and ESPRIT trials compared with the general population Rodger, AJ; Lodwick, R; Schechter, M; et al. Abstract: Background: Due to the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), it is relevant to ask whether death rates in optimally treated HIV are higher than the general population. The objective was to compare mortality rates in well controlled HIV-infected adults in the SMART and ESPRIT clinical trials with the general population. Methods: Non-IDUs aged 20-70 years from the continuous ART control arms of ESPRIT and SMART were included if the person had both low HIV plasma viral loads (≤400 copies/ml SMART, ≤500 copies/ml ESPRIT) and high CD4+ T-cell counts (≥350 cells/mu l) at any time in the past 6 months. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated by comparing death rates with the Human Mortality Database. Results: Three thousand, two hundred and eighty individuals [665 (20%) women], median age 43 years, contributed 12357 person-years of follow-up. Sixty-two deaths occurred during follow up. Commonest cause of death was cardiovascular disease (CVD) or sudden death (19, 31%), followed by non-AIDS malignancy (12, 19%). Only two deaths (3%) were AIDS-related. Mortality rate was increased compared with the general population with a CD4+ cell count between 350 and 499 cells/mu l [SMR 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-2.55]. No evidence for increased mortality was seen with CD4+ cell counts greater than 500 cells/mu l (SMR 1.00, 95% CI 0.69-1.40). Conclusion: In HIV-infected individuals on ART, with a recent undetectable viral load, who maintained or had recovery of CD4(+) cell counts to at least 500 cells/ml, we identified no evidence for a raised risk of death compared with the general population. Keywords: CD4 cell count; low-income《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 countries; all-cause mortality; life expectancy; infected patients; united-states; cohort; adults; people; interleukin-2 Source: Aids, 2013, 27(6): 973–979 Email: Rodger, AJ; [email protected]

Water Resources Citation frequency: 65 Urban wastewater treatment plants as hotspots for the release of antibiotics in the environment: A review Michael, I; Rizzo, L; McArdell, CS; et al. Abstract: Urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTPs) are among the main sources of antibiotics' release into various compartments of the environment worldwide. The aim of the present paper is to critically review the fate and removal of various antibiotics in wastewater treatment, focusing on different processes (i.e. biological processes, advanced treatment technologies and disinfection) in view of the current concerns related to the induction of toxic effects in aquatic and terrestrial organisms, and the occurrence of antibiotics that may promote the selection of antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria, as reported in the literature. Where available, estimations of the removal of antibiotics are provided along with the main treatment steps. The removal efficiency during wastewater treatment processes varies and is mainly dependent on a combination of antibiotics' physicochemical properties and the operating conditions of the treatment systems. As a result, the application of alternative techniques including membrane processes, activated carbon adsorption, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and combinations of them, which may lead to higher removals, may be necessary before the final disposal of the effluents or their reuse for irrigation or groundwater recharge. Keywords: tandem mass-spectrometry; advanced oxidation processes; solid-phase extraction; sewage-treatment plant; photo-fenton process; fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents; endocrine disrupting compounds; activated-sludge treatment; personal care products; aquatic environment Source: Water Research, 2013, 47(3): 957–995 Email: Fatta-Kassinos, D; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 53 Pore-scale imaging and modelling Blunt, MJ; Bijeljic, B; Dong, H; et al. Abstract: Pore-scale imaging and modelling - digital core analysis - is becoming a routine service in the oil and gas industry, and has

66 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts potential applications in contaminant transport and carbon dioxide storage. This paper briefly describes the underlying technology, namely imaging of the pore space of rocks from the nanometre scale upwards, coupled with a suite of different numerical techniques for simulating single and multiphase flow and transport through these images. Three example applications are then described, illustrating the range of scientific problems that can be tackled: dispersion in different rock samples that predicts the anomalous transport behaviour characteristic of highly heterogeneous carbonates; imaging of super-critical carbon dioxide in sandstone to demonstrate the possibility of capillary trapping in geological carbon storage; and the computation of relative permeability for mixed-wet carbonates and implications for oilfield waterflood recovery. The paper concludes by discussing limitations and challenges, including finding representative samples, imaging and simulating flow and transport in pore spaces over many orders of magnitude in size, the determination of wettability, and upscaling to the field scale. We conclude that pore-scale modelling is likely to become more widely applied in the oil industry including assessment of unconventional oil and gas resources. It has the potential to transform our understanding of multiphase flow processes, facilitating more efficient oil and gas recovery, effective contaminant removal and safe carbon dioxide storage. Keywords: nuclear-magnetic-resonance; lattice boltzmann method; x-ray microtomography; of-fluid method; porous-media; carbon-dioxide; multiphase flow; 2-phase flow; hydrodynamic dispersion; capillary-pressure Source: Advances in Water Resources, 2013, 51: 197–216 Email: Blunt, MJ; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 47 Magnetic nanoparticles: Essential factors for sustainable environmental applications Tang, SCN; Lo, IMC Abstract: In recent years, there has been an increasing use of engineered magnetic nanoparticles for remediation and water treatments, leading to elevated public concerns. To this end, it is necessary to enhance the understanding of how these magnetic nanoparticles react with contaminants and interact with the surrounding environment during applications. This review aims to provide a holistic overview of current knowledge of magnetic nanoparticles in environmental applications, emphasizing studies of zero-valent iron (nZVI), magnetite

(Fe3O4) and maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) nanoparticles. Contaminant removal mechanisms by magnetic nanoparticles are presented, along with factors affecting the ability of contaminant desorption. Factors influencing the recovery of magnetic nanoparticles are outlined, describing the challenges of magnetic particle collection. The aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles is described, and methods for enhancing stability are summarized. Moreover, the toxicological effects owing to magnetic nanoparticles are discussed. It is possible that magnetic nanoparticles can be applied《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 sustainably after detailed consideration of these discussed factors. Keywords: zero-valent iron; modified FeO nanoparticles; nanoscale zerovalent iron; heavy-metal cations; oxide nanoparticles; waste-water; humic-acid; engineered nanoparticles; hexavalent chromium; polyacrylic-acid Source: Water Research, 2013, 47(8): 2613–2632 Email: Lo, IMC; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 44 Seawater intrusion processes, investigation and management: Recent advances and future challenges Werner, AD; Bakker, M; Post, VEA; et al. Abstract: Seawater intrusion (SI) is a global issue, exacerbated by increasing demands for freshwater in coastal zones and predisposed to the influences of rising sea levels and changing climates. This review presents the state of knowledge in SI research, compares classes of methods for assessing and managing SI, and suggests areas for future research. We subdivide SI research into categories relating to processes, measurement, prediction and management. Considerable research effort spanning more than 50 years has provided an extensive array of field, laboratory and computer-based techniques for SI investigation. Despite this, knowledge gaps exist in SI process understanding, in particular associated with transient SI processes and timeframes, and the characterization and prediction of freshwater-saltwater interfaces over regional scales and in highly heterogeneous and dynamic settings. Multidisciplinary research is warranted to evaluate interactions between SI and submarine groundwater discharge, ecosystem health and unsaturated zone processes. Recent advances in numerical simulation, calibration and optimization techniques require rigorous field-scale application to contemporary issues of climate change, sea-level rise, and socioeconomic and ecological factors that are inseparable elements of SI management. The number of well-characterized examples of SI is small, and this has impeded understanding of field-scale processes, such as those controlling mixing zones, saltwater upconing, heterogeneity effects and other factors. Current SI process understanding is based mainly on numerical simulation and laboratory sand-tank experimentation to unravel the combined effects of tides, surface water-groundwater interaction, heterogeneity, pumping and density contrasts. The research effort would benefit from intensive measurement campaigns to delineate accurately interfaces and their movement in response to real-world coastal aquifer stresses, encompassing a range of geological and hydrological settings. Keywords: submarine groundwater discharge; sea-water intrusion; variable-density flow; linked simulation-optimization; heterogeneous coastal aquifers; sharp interface problem; ion-exchanging solutes; fresh-water; salt-water; saltwater intrusion Source: Advances in Water Resources, 2013, 51: 3–26 Email: Werner, AD; [email protected]

67 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Citation frequency: 38 Nanoscale zero valent iron and bimetallic particles for contaminated site remediation O'Carroll, D; Sleep, B; Krol, M; et al. Abstract: Since the late 1990s, the use of nano zero valent iron (nZVI) for groundwater remediation has been investigated for its potential to reduce subsurface contaminants such as PCBs, chlorinated solvents, and heavy metals. nZVI shows tremendous promise in the environmental sector due to its high reactivity and as such, numerous laboratory and field studies have been performed to assess its effectiveness. This paper reviews the current knowledge of nZVI/bimetallic technology as it pertains to subsurface remediation of chlorinated solvents and heavy metals. The manuscript provides background on the technology, summarizing nZVI reactions with chlorinated solvents and metals, and examines the factors affecting nZVI reactivity. Studies on subsurface transport of bare and coated nZVI particles are also reviewed and challenges with field implementation are discussed. This manuscript offers a comprehensive review of nZVI technology and highlights the work still needed to optimize it for subsurface remediation. Keywords: natural organic-matter; ray photoelectron-spectroscopy; permeable reactive barriers; modified fe-0 nanoparticles; saturated porous-media; nano-zerovalent iron; core-shell structure; anaerobic enrichment culture; long-term performance; dnapl source zone Source: Advances in Water Resources, 2013, 51: 104–122 Email: O'Carroll, D; [email protected]

Zoology Citation frequency: 65 Quantifying individual variation in behaviour: mixed-effect modelling approaches Dingemanse, NJ; Dochtermann, NA Abstract: Growing interest in proximate and ultimate causes and consequences of between- and within-individual variation in labile components of the phenotype such as behaviour or physiology characterizes current research in evolutionary ecology. The study of individual variation requires tools for quantification and decomposition of phenotypic variation into between- and within-individual components. This is essential as variance components differ in their ecological and evolutionary implications. We provide an overview of how mixed-effect models can be used to partition variation in, and correlations among, phenotypic attributes into between- and within-individual variance components. Optimal sampling schemes to accurately estimate (with sufficient power) a wide range of repeatabilities and key (co)variance components, such as between- and within-individual correlations, are detailed. Mixed-effect models enable the usage of unambiguous《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 terminology for patterns of biological variation that currently lack a formal statistical definition (e.g. animal personality or behavioural syndromes), and facilitate cross-fertilisation between disciplines such as behavioural ecology, ecological physiology and quantitative genetics. Keywords: covariate measurement error; random regression-models; reaction norms; evolutionary ecology; animal personality; practical guide; parus-major; plasticity; repeatability; temperament Source: Journal of Animal Ecology, 2013, 82(1): 39–54 Email: Dingemanse, NJ; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 53 Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles amharicus, new members of the Anopheles gambiae complex Coetzee, M; Hunt, RH; Wilkerson, R; et al. Abstract: Two new species within the Anopheles gambiae complex are here described and named. Based on molecular and bionomical evidence, the An. gambiae molecular "M form" is named Anopheles coluzzii Coetzee & Wilkerson sp. n., while the "S form" retains the nominotypical name Anopheles gambiae Giles. Anopheles quadriannulatus is retained for the southern African populations of this species, while the Ethiopian species is named Anopheles amharicus Hunt, Wilkerson & Coetzee sp. n., based on chromosomal, cross-mating and molecular evidence. Keywords: african malaria vector; molecular-forms; genetic differentiation; incipient speciation; S forms; reproductive isolation; chromosomal forms; culicidae; diptera; identification Source: Zootaxa, 2013, 3619(3): 246–274 Email: Coetzee, M; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 30 Between-individual differences in behavioural plasticity within populations: causes and consequences Dingemanse, NJ; Wolf, M Abstract: Behavioural traits are characterized by their labile expression: behavioural responses can, in principle, be up- and down- regulated in response to moment-to-moment changes in environmental conditions. Evidence is accumulating that individuals from the same population differ in the degree and extent of this form of phenotypic plasticity. We here discuss how such between-individual differences in behavioural plasticity can result from additive and interactive effects of genetic make-up and past environmental conditions, and under which conditions natural selection might favour this form of between-individual variation. We highlight how spatial or temporal variation

68 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts in the environment, in combination with competition among individuals, can promote adaptive individual differences in plasticity; and we detail how differences in plasticity can emerge as a result of selection pressures induced by social interactions or as a response to between-individual differences in state. We further discuss both ecological and evolutionary consequences of individual differences in plasticity. We outline, for example, how individual differences in plasticity can have knock-on effects on the rate of evolution; and how such differences can enhance the stability and persistence of populations. Keywords: adaptive personality-differences; random regression-models; phenotypic plasticity; reaction norms; quantitative genetics; animal personality; wild populations; ecologists guide; coping styles; evolution Source: Animal Behaviour, 2013, 85(5): 1031–1039 Email: Dingemanse, NJ; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 28 Towards a Comprehensive Catalog of Zebrafish Behavior 1.0 and Beyond Kalueff, AV; Gebhardt, M; Stewart, AM; et al. Abstract: Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are rapidly gaining popularity in translational neuroscience and behavioral research. Physiological similarity to mammals, ease of genetic manipulations, sensitivity to pharmacological and genetic factors, robust behavior, low cost, and potential for high-throughput screening contribute to the growing utility of zebrafish models in this field. Understanding zebrafish behavioral phenotypes provides important insights into neural pathways, physiological biomarkers, and genetic underpinnings of normal and pathological brain function. Novel zebrafish paradigms continue to appear with an encouraging pace, thus necessitating a consistent terminology and improved understanding of the behavioral repertoire. What can zebrafish 'do', and how does their altered brain function translate into behavioral actions? To help address these questions, we have developed a detailed catalog of zebrafish behaviors (Zebrafish Behavior Catalog, ZBC) that covers both larval and adult models. Representing a beginning of creating a more comprehensive ethogram of zebrafish behavior, this effort will improve interpretation of published findings, foster cross-species behavioral modeling, and encourage new groups to apply zebrafish neurobehavioral paradigms in their research. In addition, this glossary creates a framework for developing a zebrafish neurobehavioral ontology, ultimately to become part of a unified animal neurobehavioral ontology, which collectively will contribute to better integration of biological data within and across species. Keywords: dorsal light response; open-field test; danio-rerio; larval zebrafish; adult zebrafish; gene-expression; neuroanatomical substrate; valvula-cerebelli; drug discovery; brain-function Source: Zebrafish, 2013, 10(1): 70–86《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 Email: Kalueff, AV; [email protected]

Citation frequency: 28 Advances in research of fish immune-relevant genes: A comparative overview of innate and adaptive immunity in teleosts Zhu, LY; Nie, L; Zhu, G; et al. Abstract: Fish is considered to be an important model in comparative immunology studies because it is a representative population of lower vertebrates serving as an essential link to early vertebrate evolution. Fish immune-relevant genes have received considerable attention due to its role in improving understanding of both fish immunology and the evolution of immune systems. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of teleost immune-relevant genes for both innate and adaptive immunity, including pattern recognition receptors, antimicrobial peptides, complement molecules, lectins, interferons and signaling factors, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adaptive immunity relevant cytokines and negative regulators, major histocompatibility complexes, immunoglobulins, and costimulatory molecules. The implications of these factors on the evolutionary history of immune systems were discussed and a perspective outline of innate and adaptive immunity of teleost fish was described. This review may provide clues on the evolution of the essential defense system in vertebrates. Keywords: trout oncorhynchus-mykiss; carp ctenopharyngodon-idella; toll-like receptors; c-type lectin; catfish ictalurus-punctatus; antimicrobial peptide gene; zebrafish danio-rerio; turbot scophthalmus-maximus; salmon salmo-salar; protein nramp cdna Source: Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 2013, 39(1–2): 39–62 Email: Xiang, LX; [email protected]

(Editor in charge: YAO Yu-qin)

69 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015

Cover Papers

Basic Theory of Environmental Science

Oil products in wet deposition and their impacts on regional water environment: A case study of n-alkanes GUAN Xianghong, GUO Lingchuan, BAO Lianjun, et al. Abstract: A total of 157 rainwater samples were collected from three locations (Haizhu District, Tianhe District and Luogang District) in Guangzhou during the year of 2010. In addition, 12 dry deposition samples, 11 surface runoff samples and 10 aerosol samples were also collected at some of the sampling timepoints. The levels, sources and fluxes of n-alkanes were analyzed to evaluate the contribution of wet deposition containing organic pollutants to water quality. The

concentrations of n-alkanes (the sum of 15 congeners from C20 to C34, labeled as ∑C20-34) ranged from 0.6-292 μg·L-1, with lower values during the wet weather season (April-September) than during the dry weather season (January-March and October-December). Results from carbon preference index and principal components analysis showed n-alkanes in Guangzhou were mainly derived from residues of oil products (50%). Emissions from plants were responsible for 38% of n-alkanes in wet deposition. In addition, the mean annual combined wet and dry deposition flux of n-alkanes in Guangzhou was 55±80 t·a-1 with 39±80 t·a-1 contributed by wet deposition. The mean annual surface runoff input of n-alkanes from Guangzhou to the Pearl River was estimated at 224±296 t·a-1, indicating the great impact of non-point sources on the aquatic environment. These findings suggested that reducing consumption of oil products and strengthening surface runoff treatment are two critical steps toward improving the regional water quality. Keywords: n-alkanes; wet deposition; surface source; surface runoff; oil consumption Source: Environmental Chemistry,《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 2015, 34(1): 9–17 Email: BAO Lianjun, [email protected]

Botany

Cover Story: Actin-dependent chloroplast anchoring is crucial to maintain specific distribution patterns of chloroplasts. Using a centrifugation assay, Sakai et al. (pp. 93–105) demonstrate for the aquatic angiosperm, Vallisneria sp., that an initial step of chloroplast movement in response to high-intensity blue light is loss of anchorage from the plasma membrane. In addition, they clone photoropin 1 & 2, the putatively responsible blue-light photoreceptors, increasing the utility of this experimentally tractable plant for studies of chloroplast motility.

Blue-light-induced rapid chloroplast de-anchoring in Vallisneria epidermal cells Yuuki Sakai, Shin-ichiro Inoue, Akiko Harada, et al. Abstract: In the outer periclinal cytoplasm of leaf epidermal cells of an aquatic angiosperm Vallisneria, blue light induces “chloroplast de-anchoring”, a rapid decline in the resistance of chloroplasts against centrifugal force. Chloroplast de-anchoring is known induced within 1 min of irradiation with high-fluence-rate blue light specifically, preceding the commencement of chloroplasts migration toward the anticlinal cytoplasm. However, its regulatory mechanism has remained elusive, although pharmacological analysis suggested that a calcium release from intracellular calcium stores is necessary for the response. In search of the responsible photoreceptors, immunoblotting analysis using antibodies against phototropins demonstrated that cross-reactive polypeptides of 120-kDa exist in the plasma-membrane fraction prepared from the leaves. In vitro phosphorylation analysis revealed that 120-kDa polypeptides were phosphorylated by exposure to blue light in a fluence-dependent manner. The blue-light-induced phosphorylation activity was sensitive to a Ser/Thr kinase inhibitor, staurosporine, and unusually was retained at a high level for a long time in darkness. Furthermore, phototropin gene homologs (Vallisneria PHOTOTROPIN1 and PHOTOTROPIN2) expressed in leaves were isolated. We propose that calcium-regulated chloroplast de- anchoring, possibly mediated by phototropins, is an initial process of the

70 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts blue-light-induced avoidance response of chloroplasts in Vallisneria. Keywords: Avoidance response of chloroplasts; blue-light response; chloroplast de-anchoring; cytoplasmic calcium; phototropin Source: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2014, 57(1): 93–105 Email: Yuuki Sakai, [email protected]

Species diversity and distribution of Salvia (Lamiaceae) Yukun Wei, Qi Wang, Yanbo Huang Abstract: To understand patterns of species diversity distribution and speciation mechanisms for Salvia (Lamiaceae) plants, we queried species names and specimen collection information from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), The Plant List, Chinese Virtual Herbarium (CVH), Specimen Resources Sharing Platform for Education, Specimen Resources Sharing Platform of Chinese Nature Reserves as well as collection information for Salvia spp. specimens preserved in 32 Chinese herbaria. Based on these collection data, we analyzed the distributional patterns and plotted distribution maps at the country and geographic regional level (e.g. the Hengduan Mountains, Qinling Mountains, Wuling Mountains, Nanling Mountains, Dabie Mountains, and Tianmu-Huangshan Mountains), respectively. Additionally, the records from Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of China were obtained at the county level. In total our sample consisted of 57674 global distributional records and 11596 Chinese records, and 952 accepted names of Salvia were confirmed. Globally, Central and South America (510 species) support the largest number of species, followed by West Asia (270 species), Europe (117 species), East Asia (97 species) and North America (94 species). At the national level, Mexico supports the largest number of species (322), followed by Russia (109), Turkey (88), the United States (85) and China (82). Within China, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces support a substantially larger number of species than other provinces, accounting for 63% of the total number of Salvia species in China. The three counties within Yunnan and Sichuan provinces that contain the largest number of species are Yulong (23), Shangri-la (20), Dali (13), and Muli (17), Baoxing (13) and Mabian (13). The Hengduan Mountains, with 52.8% of all Salvia species in China, contain more Salvia species than any other《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 region in China; 23 species are endemic to this area with narrow distributions. Native Chinese Salvia species were divided into four abundance ranks based on the number of county-level records: S. plebeia ranked the highest (395 distribution counties), followed by S. japonica (199 counties), S. miltiorrhiza (192 counties), S. cavaleriei (173 counties), S. chinensis (153 counties), and S. roborowskii (100 counties). Our results indicate that Salvia is mainly distributed in temperate and subtropical high-altitude countries of the northern hemisphere; China is the center of diversity in East Asia, containing representative and narrow-range endemic species. Within China, the Hengduan Mountains have the highest species diversity and percentage of endemic species. Keywords: Salvia; Lamiaceae; species diversity; world distribution; Chinese endemic species; Source: Biodiversity Science, 2015, 23(1): 3–10 Email: Yukun Wei, [email protected]

Chemical Industry

Analysis of mechanism of fouling increase on blades of FCCU power recovery expander FEI Da, HOU Feng, CHEN Hui, et al. Abstract: Addressing the problem of serious fouling on the blades of FCCU (fluid catalytic cracking unit) power recovery expanders in refinery, micro-morphologies of fouling and catalyst particle at inlet of power recovery expander were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fouling on the blades consisted of catalyst particle with diameter mainly between 1 μm and 2 μm. Then the adhesion mechanism of the catalyst particle and the effect of various adhesive forces on the adhesion phenomenon were studied. The smaller the diameter of the particle, the easier the particle was adhered, which agreed with the result of SEM. The inner distribution of the velocity field simulated by CFD demonstrated the effect of adhesive force on the fouling. Keywords: FCCU; power recovery expander; adhesion; fouling; CFD Source: CIESC Journal, 2015, 66(1): 79–85 Email: HOU Feng, [email protected]

71 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015

Cover Story: To enhance the process of phenyltrichlorosilane synthesis using gas phase condensation, a series of chloralkanes were introduced. The influence of temperature and amount of chloralkane on the synthesis was studied based on the product distribution from a tubular reactor. The promoting effect by addition of chloralkanes was mainly caused by the chloralkane radicals generated by dissociation of the C-Cl bond. The promoting effect of the chloromethane with more chlorine atoms was better than those with less chlorine atoms. Intermediates detected from the reactions with isoprene and bromobenzene demonstrated that both of trichlorosilyl radical and dichlorosilylene were existed in the reaction system in presence of chloralkanes. A detailed reaction scheme was proposed.(see Liu et al. Pages 71–75).

Effect of chloralkanes on the phenyltrichlorosilane synthesis by gas phase condensation Tong Liu, Yunlong Huang, Chao Wang, et al. Abstract: To enhance the process of phenyltrichlorosilane synthesis using gas phase condensation, a series of chloralkanes were introduced. The influence of temperature and chloralkane amount on the synthesis was studied based on the product distribution from a tubular reactor. The promoting effect of chloralkane addition was mainly caused by the chloralkane radicals generated by the dissociation of C-Cl bond. The promoting effect of the chloromethane withmore chlorine atomswas better than thosewith less chlorine atoms. Intermediates detected fromthe reactions with isoprene and bromobenzene demonstrated that both trichlorosilyl radical and dichlorosilylene existed in the reaction system in the presence of chloralkanes. A detailed reaction scheme was proposed. Keywords: Phenyltrichlorosilane; Gas phase condensation; Chloralkane; Reaction mechanism; Radical; Synthesis Source: Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2015, 23(1): 71–75 Email: Jinfu Wang, [email protected]

Chemistry 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 Cover Story: The enantioselective separation of racemic mixtures continues to be both a significant and challenging area of research for chemists working in supramolecular chemistry, materials science and the pharmaceutical industry. Porous solids containing chiral cavities filled with hydrogen-bond donor/acceptor groups and high framework stability represent promising candidates for the enantioselective separation of racemic mixtures. Herein, we report the

development of a chiral cluster-based structure, [Mn(III)7Mn(II)3], which can be used to reversibly exchange chiral (e.g., 2-butanol) and achiral (e.g., water, acetonitrile, methylene chloride and 1-butanol) molecules via a series of single-crystal-tosingle- crystal transformations that have been fully characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and gas chromatography- III II mass spectrometry. This material formed spiral chains composed of the bowl-like [Mn7 Mn3 ] molecules, which were linked together through a series of hydrogen bonding interactions with a void volume of approximately 20%. This solid material was found to be highly stable and robust, and survived several solvent exchange cycles, which were characterized by significant cell

volume shrinkage and expansion steps. Interestingly, (S)-[Mn(III)7Mn(II)3] selectively

encapsulates the S enantiomer of 2-butanol over the R enantiomer, whereas (R)-[Mn(III)7Mn(II)3] displayed the opposite tendency, which suggested that these materials could be used for the enantioselective separation of racemic 2-butanol (see the article by Jun-Liang Liu on page 447).

A breathing chiral molecular solid for enantioseparation via singlecrystal-to-single-crystal transformation Jun-Liang Liu, Wei Liu, Guo-Zhang Huang, et al. III II III II Abstract: Two chiral supramolecular porous solids derived from novel cluster-based structures of [Mn4 Mn ] and [Mn7 Mn3 ] were synthesized. Driven by the distinct pores and host-guest interactions, they exhibited either selective gas adsorption ability for the former or the ability of enantioselective separation via reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation for the latter. Keywords: Manganese(II, III); Chiral; Supramolecular; Porous solids; Enantioselective separation Source: Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(4): 447–452 Email: Ming-Liang Tong, [email protected]

72 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts

Cover Story: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) participates in a wide range of enzymatic reactions;

therefore H2O2 sensors play important roles in the clinical detection and treatment of diabetes. However, traditional enzyme-based sensors are limited by the enzyme immobilization techniques and experimental environments, which greatly affect the bioactivities of the immobilized enzymes. In recent years, Wei Chen’s research group has developed non-enzymatic biosensors to deal with these limitations. In the present work, a new type of three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical sensor platform, Fe3C-functionalized porous nitrogen-doped graphite carbon

composites (Fe3C/NG), was successfully fabricated for the non-enzymatic detection of H2O2. The

3D porous sensing materials gave excellent H2O2 detection performances, with a wide linear range, from 50 mmol/L to 15 mmol/L (R2 = 0.999), and a detection limit of 0.035 mmol/L. The

present study shows that novel and low-cost Fe3C/NG composites may be a promising alternative to noble metals, and have potential applications in various types of electrochemical sensors, bioelectronic devices, and catalysts (see the article by Ruizhong Zhang et al. on page 522).

Fe3C-functionalized 3D nitrogen-doped carbon structures for electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide Ruizhong Zhang, Wei Chen

Abstract: Fe3C-functionalized three-dimensional (3D) porous nitrogen-doped graphite carbon composites (Fe3C/ NG) were synthesized via a facile solution-based impregnation and pyrolysis strategy using the commercially available melamine foam and FeCl3 as precursors. The structural characterizations confirmed that Fe3C nanoparticles with an average core size about 122 nm were assembled on the surface of the carbonized melamine foam (CMF) skeletons. The electrochemical measurements demonstrated the superior electrocatalytic activity of the advanced Fe3C/NG composite for hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction in 0.1 mol/L PBS electrolyte and the limit of detection of H2O2 is estimated to be 0.035 mmol/L at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 with a wide linear detection range from 50 μmol/L to 15 mmol/L (R2= 0.999).

Compared with the pure CMF, the Fe3C/NG exhibited higher catalytic activity, more stable response, lower detection limit, higher selectivity and a wider detection 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅range, which could be attributed to the synergic effect between the two types of active sites from the iron carbide species and the nitrogen-doped graphite carbon. Meanwhile, the large surface area, high conductivity and the improved mass transport from the 3D porous material can also promote the electrochemical sensing performance. Moreover, the Fe3C/ NG-based electrochemical sensor showed high anti-interference ability and stability for H2O2 detection. Thus, the novel and low-cost Fe3C/NG composite may be a promising alternative to noble metals and offer potential applications in various types of electrochemical sensors, bioelectronic devices and catalysts.

Keywords: Melamine foam; Nitrogen-doped carbon; Fe3C nanoparticles; Hydrogen peroxide; Electrochemical sensor; Biosensor;; Source: Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(5): 522–531 Email: Wei Chen, [email protected]

Cover Story: A novel kind of ligand free Au NPs/PPV composites was prepared via strong coordinated effect between benzene ring in PPV and Au NPs, which exhibited good photo- electric response, indicating potential application in the area solar cells.

Preparation of ligand free Au NPs/PPV composites with high stability and photo-electric response Fei Zhai, Hao-tong Wei, Su-mei Zhan, et al. Abstract: A novel kind of ligand free aurum nanoparticles (Au NPs)/poly(p-phenylene-vinylene) (PPV) composites was prepared via a simple approach. Although there were no ligands coating on the surface of the Au NPs, the Au NPs/PPV precursor composite exhibited excellent stability that no obvious variance was found as long as 6 months at – 4°C in aqueous and alcohol mixed solutions. This was attributed to the strong interaction between Au NPs and PPV precursor, which was further strengthened after heat transformation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectra showed the interaction between benzene ring in PPV and Au NPs led to the part transformation of the sp2 hybrid orbital into the sp3 one during the composite formation. As a result, the photoluminescence (PL) life time of PPV in the composite was longer than that of pure PPV. The Au NPs/PPV composite exhibited good photo-electric response, indicating their potential application in the area of the photoelectric conversion devices.

73 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Keywords: Au; nanoparticles; PPV; composite; photo-electric Source: Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 2015, 33(2): 215-223 Email: Hai-zhu Sun, [email protected]

Surface Chemically Assembly of Calix[4]arene and Its Utilization in the Development of a Fluorescence Sensing Film for THF MA Ying, YU Chunmeng, LIU Ke, et al. Abstract: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major components of atmospheric pollutants which are harmful to human being. In this work, a novel di-urea bridged calix[4]arene derivative ended with siloxane was designed and synthesized. The compound was then utilized for the modification of pre-cleaned glass plate surface, and in this way, a substrate with a layer of calix[4]arene was fabricated. Upon dip-coating a fluorescent compound, pyrenyl derivative of terthiophene (Py-3T), onto the substrate surface, a fluorescence "turn-on" film sensor for THF in vapor phase was developed. It was demonstrated that the film is highly sensitive to the presence of THF vapor (DL, 26.7 μg/mL), and the sensing is fast and reversible. With exception of benzene and toluene, other commonly found organic liquids and chemicals show little effect upon the sensing. It is believed that the film may have real-life uses in THF sensing. Keywords: calix[4]arene; fluorescence sensing film; chemical self-assembly; THF Source: Imaging Science and Photochemistry, 2015, 33(1): 67-76 Email: FANG Yu, [email protected]

Synthesis of Crown Ether Metal-prophyrin and Its Anion Recognition GENG Xin, CHEN Cai, LI Guocheng, et al. Abstract: A benzo-15-crown-5 modified 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (1) was synthesized and used for binding with Hg2+ ion to form crown ether metal-prophyrin complex (3). UV-Vis and 1H NMR were used to investigate the formation and self-assembly of complex 3. The difference of 1H NMR spectra of complexes 3 and 2 reveals that a synergy 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅effect of prophyrin and crown ether exists. The anion recognition and mechanism of complex 3 were also studied. After addition of NaNH2, an obvious red shift in the UV-Vis spectra was observed accompanied with a color change from green to chartreuse viewed by naked eye. At

the same time, the chemical shift of —CH2— in crown ether ring shifted from 3.12 to 3.16 and 3.32 to 3.34, respectively. This phenomenon can be explained by the strong nucleophilic

property of amino anion. However, addition of other sodium salts such as NaCl, NaH2PO4 and

NaHCO3 could not result in the same phenomenon. This study provides a method for visible anion recognition. Keywords: crown ether; porphyrin; synthesis; anion; visible recognition Source: Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2015, 32(2): 171-176

Email: HAN Guozhi, [email protected]

Cover Story: Fan and co-workers in their Article on pages 153–159 reported the use of MnO2 nanoparticles to facilitate the cracking of heavy compounds, promote heat production, and improve recovery efficiency of heavy oil. This tuned the oxidation behavior of heavy oil, which was an efficient way to expand the applicability of the in situ combustion method for heavy oil exploitation.

Controllable oxidation for oil recovery: Low temperature oxidative decomposition of heavy oil on a MnO2 catalyst Cheng Fan, Qiang Zhang , Fei Wei Abstract: Heavy oil is a readily available alternative energy resource with a reserve that is more than twice that of conventional light oil. In situ combustion is one of the most promising strategies for heavy oil exploitation, and the modulating of the oxidation behavior of heavy oil is

an efficient way to expand the applicability of the in situ combustion method. MnO2 nanoparticles were employed to facilitate the cracking of heavy compounds, promote heat production, and improve recovery efficiency. The oxidative decomposition rate of heavy oil was 74 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts doubled in the low temperature interval, and the heat release rate was accelerated in the high temperature interval. The increased weight loss at low temperature was attributed to the decomposition of heavy components. The detection of incomplete oxidation products by mass spectroscopy under excessive oxygen flow at high temperature indicated a diffusion controlled process of oil combustion. The same amount of CO2 from the combustion of less fuel demonstrated an increased oxidation degree of the products. The apparent activation energies of the oxidation reactions were decreased by 10–30 kJ/mol at low temperature and 20–40 kJ/mol at high temperature by the addition of MnO2. MnO2 can render in situ combustion more feasible for various oil reservoirs, and is also promising for other thermal recovery processes for improved oil recovery. Keywords: Manganese dioxide; In situ combustion; Oxidative decomposition; Fuel deposition Source: Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2015, 36(2): 153–159 Email: Qiang Zhang, [email protected]

Cover Story: The cover describes an efficient experimental setup for the temperature-programmed reaction of CO oxidation on supported catalysts. Two liquid nitrogen traps are used to remove water and the formation carbon dioxide. Hence, the conversion of CO can be monitored on-line by a gas-chromatography using a TCD detector. This setup is capable to measure CO conversion rate as a function of the reaction temperature, and easily compare the relative activities on the various initial states. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy can be combined to in-situ measure the surface active species (see the article by Xuefei Weng, Xiang Yuan, Huan Li, Xiaokun Li, Mingshu Chen & Huilin Wan on page 174–179).

The study of the active surface for CO oxidation over supported Pd catalysts Xuefei Weng, Xiang Yuan, Huan Li, et al. Abstract: CO oxidation was investigated on various powder oxide supported Pd catalysts by temperature-programmed reaction. The pre-reduced catalysts show significantly higher activities than the pre-oxidized ones. Model studies were performed to better understand the oxidation state, reactivities and stabilities of partially oxidized Pd surfaces under CO oxidation reaction 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅conditions using an in situ infrared reflection absorption spectrometer (IRAS). Three O/Pd(100) model surfaces, chemisorbed oxygen covered surface, surface oxide and bulk-like surface oxide, were prepared and characterized by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The present work demonstrates that the oxidized palladium surface is less active for CO oxidation than the metallic surface, and is unstable under the reaction conditions with sufficient CO. Keywords: CO oxidation; in-situ IRAS; temperature-programmed reaction; palladium; catalytically active surface Source: SCIENCE CHINA Chemistry, 2015, 58(1): 174–179 Email: Mingshu Chen, [email protected]

Cover Story: A comprehensive review on transition-metal-promoted di- and momofluoroalky- lations (including di- and monofluoromethylations) is carried out to identify the potential opportunities for the further development of this still underdeveloped chemistry. [Hu, Jinbo et al. on page 90-115.]

Advances in Transition-Metal-Mediated Di- and Monofluoroalkylations Ni Chuanfa, Zhu Lingui, Hu Jinbo Abstract: Transition-metal-mediated fluoroalkylation is a hot research topic in current organofluorine chemistry. In the past five years, due to the development of new perfluoroalkylation reagents and methodologies, significant progress has been made in the field of transition-metal-mediated perfluoroalkylation. Compared with perfluoroalkylation, di-and monofluoroalkylation can not only introduce fluorine atom(s) into a molecule, but also install a non-fluorinated moiety simultaneously; therefore, in organic synthesis, these reactions are of higher step economy than the direct fluorination reactions. Although analogous to transition- metal-mediated perfluoroalkylations, the di-and monofluoroalkylation have been relatively less developed; therefore, there are still many opportunities for their development. In this review, we have made a survey on transition-metal-mediated di-and monofluoroalkylation reactions that were published in the past nearly 30 years. To our knowledge, this is the first rather comprehensive review on this topic. This review is divided into five sections. The first section is the general introduction on di-and monofluoroalkylation. The second and third sections focus on the historical development of

75 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 transition-metal-mediated di-and monofluoroalkylation with reagents that contain functional groups. These two sections are subdivided according to the reactions types, that is, fluoroalkylation of unsaturated organohalides, fluoroalkylation of the carbon-hydrogen bonds of unsaturated systems (arenes, alkenes, alkynes, and carbonyl compounds), fluoroalkylation of organoborane reagents and organometallic reagents, fluoroalkyl addition to unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds. The fourth section puts an emphasis on the transition-metal-promoted di-and monofluoromethylation reactions. The final section gives some perspectives on the future development of this chemistry. Keywords: transition-metals; difluoroalkylation; monofluoroalkylation; difluoromethylation; monofluoromethylation; Source: Acta Chimica Sinica, 2015, 73(2): 90–115 Email: Hu Jinbo, [email protected]

Cover Story: On page 176, SONG et al developed an in vivo Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/ glass microfluidic chip consisting of a three-layer sandwich structure and a three-parallel micro- electrode system for the separation of polystyrene microspheres with different particle sizes in high conductivity solution by electric field that produced by alternating current. The results showed that the separation efficiency reached above 90% and the formation of the laminar region in the middle of the electrode gap played a key role in microsphere separation.

Electrokinetic Separation of Polystyrene Microspheres in Conductive Media on a Microfluidic Chip SONG Ning-Ning, ZHANG Hao, LI Jin-Bo, et al. Abstract: A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/glass microfluidic chip consisting of a three-layer sandwich structure and three-parallel micro-electrode system was fabricated for the separation of polystyrene microspheres according to the particle size in high conductive solution by electric field produced by alternating current. The principle of electrokinetics of microspheres directional movement was investigated. The results showed that, when the applied voltage was 14 V at 100 kHz, the separation efficiency of 10 and 25 μm polystyrene microspheres was the best. Similarly, with a voltage of 10 V at 2 MHz, the separation efficiency of 5 and 25 μm polystyrene microspheres could achieve the highest value. Meanwhile, the voltage of 11 V at《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 1 MHz was suitable for the separation of 5, 10 and 25 μm polystyrene microspheres with the separation efficiency of over 90%. At the same time, the formation of the laminar region in the middle of the electrode gap was the key role of microsphere separation. Keywords: Microfluidic chip; Electrokinetics; High-conductivity; Polystyrene microspheres; Source: Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 43(2): 176–180 Email: GAO Jian, [email protected]

Energy and Power Engineering

Cover Story: Airbag mandate requires that all vehicles be equipped with airbags to reduce death and injury risk in the event of car accident. The cost and complexity of airbags, however, call for more detailed analysis than any other occupant protection system. Meeting the need for a cost-effective methodology to evaluate an airbag performance in the event of a car crash, Wang et al. has developed a computational technology based on arbitrary Lagrange-Euler coupling method, which is able of simulating the complex gas flows present on both sides of an airbag. Through years of validation with experimental data and application to three car models, they presented here use of the computational tech-nology to simulate the complicated flows of a double-layer airbag with a smaller sub-airbag inside. The sub-airbag is able of dispersing the high-momentum gas flow, thus reducing potential injury risk (see the article by WANG XiJun et al. on page 397).

Numerical analysis and experimental investigation of wind turbine blades with innovative features: Structural response and characteristics WANG XiJun, ZONG Zhi, ZHAO Yong, et al. Abstract: The passenger side airbags (PAB) are usually larger than the driver airbags. Therefore, the inflator of PAB is more powerful with high mass rate. In this paper, an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method based computational method is developed to simulate the deployment of a PAB. The tank test is used to test the property of the inflator. Through

76 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts comparison of numerical and experimental results, the ALE method is validated. Based on a failed airbag test, a smaller sub-airbag is placed inside PAB to disperse the gas flow to directions which are less damaging. By applying dynamic relaxation, the initial mesh corresponding to the experimental terms is obtained. The results indicate that the interior pressure and impact force coincide with the test data, and the method in this paper is capable of capturing airbag deploying process of the PAB module accurately. Keywords: arbitrary Lagrangian-eulerian (ALE) method; passenger side airbags (PAB); airbag simulation; sub-airbag; tank test Source: SCIENCE CHINA Technological Sciences; 2015, 58(3): 397–404 Email: ZONG Zhi, [email protected]

Geology

The Discovery of Carnallite in Paleocene Jiangling Depression and Its Potash Searching Significance WANG Chunlian, LIU Chenglin, LIU Baokun, et al. Abstract: Carnallite is discovered in Paleocene Jiangling Depression by thin section identification and XRD analysis. The thickness of single layer can be up to 23 cm, in which the carnallite content is 1.6% according to chemical analysis. There are two types of carnallite occurrences in Paleocene Jiangling Depression: for the first type, carnallite is included in halite in granulous with grain size of 0.1~0.5 mm; for the other type, carnallite is filled in pore of anhydrite with grain size of 0.1~0.2 mm. Through the thermometry of fluid inclusion with halite, carbon and oxygen isotopes and element geochemical study, it proposes that the paleoclimate of Paleocene Jiangling Depression is “warm and drought” type. Jiangling Depression is small rift basin in Paleocene, in which the sedimentation is large in tectonic stage; the basin is well closed and contemporaneous volcanic activity is frequent, which provide abundant metallogenic material. The warm spring after volcanic activity also provide abundant metallogenic material. Part of rift valley is connected with ocean, which provide sources for rift valey. The combination of tectonic condition, source material and draught climate in Paleocene leads to the sedimentation of carnallite. The discovery《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 of carnallite in Paleocene Jiangling Depression reveals that the brine of Jiangling Depression has evolved to the stage to separate out potash, which has great significance to find potash. Keywords: Jiangling Depression; Paleocene; carnallite; paleoclimate; rift basin; potash Source: Acta Geologica Sinica, 2015, 89(1): 129–136 Email: WANG Chunlian, [email protected]

General Industrial Technology

Preparation and Performance of Scandia and Alumina Co-doped Zirconia Electrolyte Materials with High Strength GUO Cunxin, WANG Weiguo, HE Changrong, et al.

Abstract: The (Sc2O3)0.06(Al2O3)x(ZrO2)0.94–x (x=0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02) series powders were prepared via a nitrate-citrate route. The obtained electrolyte material samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and

mechanical test, and the effect of Al2O3-doping on the properties of the electrolyte materials was

investigated. The results indicate that the Al2O3-doping can promote the sintering of the electrolyte material, reduce the resistance of the grain boundaries and improve the flexural

strength. When the Al2O3-doped amount is 1% in mole, the ionic conductivity of the

(Sc2O3)0.06(Al2O3)0.01(ZrO2)0.93 sample is 0.05 S/cm at 800℃ and the flexural strength is 912 MPa at room temperature. The optimum power density measured at 800℃ is 0.43 W/cm2 for the cell

with this material as an electrolyte, and little degradation is discovered after 200 h test under a constant current discharge of 0.625 A/cm2. Keywords: solid oxide fuel cell; scandia and alumina co-doped zirconia; flexural strength; ion conductivity Source: Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2015, 43(1): 1–7 Email: GUO Cunxin, [email protected]

77 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015

Molecular Biology

Detecting expression of spindle protein gene INMAP in hepatoma cells by polyclonal antibody ZHU Yan, KANG Jingyan, WANG Yu, et al. Abstract: To investigate the function of INMAP of spindle protein and its role in malignant cell proliferation, an INMAP polyclonal antibody is prepared. The prokaryotic expression of His- INMAP fusion protein is induced at 16℃ by adding 0.1 mmol/L isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), which is identified by SDS-PAGE analysis and western blotting assay. The inclusion body is treated with 4.0 mol/L urea to obtain soluble His-INMAP fusion protein antibody, fusion protein is purified using Ni Sepharose High Performance, and then the protein concentration and purity are detected. The purified protein antibody is injected into 4 Balb/c mice, then blood samples are collected from their hearts, and the anti- serum is isolated. The specificity of polyclonal anti- INMAP antibodies in unpurified and purified prokaryotically expressed products are analysed. In addition, the expression difference between normal liver cell L-02 and 5 hepatoma cell (PLC, HepG2, SUN449, SMMC-7721 and BEL-7402) is determined by western blotting assay. The results show that His-INMAP fusion protein mainly exists in insoluble inclusion bodies. Soluble protein is obtained with 4.0 mol/L urea treatment to solubilise inclusion bodies. Highly protein purity (94.1%) is harvested after purification. The polyclonal anti-INMAP antibody can bind antigen specifically. Moreover, INMAP is found existing polymorphically in hepatoma cells and its gene expression is down-regulated significantly in all tested hepatoma cells except PLC cell. Obviously, in this study the anti-INMAP polyclonal antibody is of high specificity, which lays a foundation of further study of INMAP functions. Keywords: INMAP; hepatoma (liver cancer) cell; polyclonal antibody; inclusion body Source: Science & Technology Review,《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 2015, 33(1): 17–21 Email: LIANG Qianjin, [email protected]

The Change of Cellular Repressor of E1A-stimulated Genes During Carotid Vascular Remodeling LI Yang, YAN Cheng-Hui, TIAN Xiao-Xiang, et al. Abstract: Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) has been shown to be ubiquitously expressed in human and mouse tissues. However, its physiological functions and possible involvement in pathological processes remain unknown. To explore pathogenesis of vascular remodeling and possible role of CREG, we established an injury model of the mouse carotid artery in the present study. High-resolution small-animal ultrasound, Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western-blot were used to detect the intima-media thickness, collagen content, the change of collagen typeⅠ and CREG expression of arterial wall at different time after arterial injury. CREG was expressed in normal arteries. The expression of CREG mRNA and protein of the arterial wall was markedly down-regulated after injury of mouse carotid artery, and reached its lowest value on the third day after arterial injury, with close correlation to the process of vascular remodeling (increase in mRNA and protein level of collagen typeⅠ ). CREG expression was gradually restored on the seventh day, and almost returned to normal levels on fourteenth day and twenty-eighth day after arterial injury. In contrast, injured arteries developed marked vascular remodeling after 7 days as manifested by increase in intima-media thickness, narrowing of the vascular lumen, collagen content as well as mRNA and protein level of collagen typeⅠ . There were negative relationships between CREG expression and vascular remodeling at the early time of artery injuries. The expression of CREG was decreased at beginning and then increased, but the degree of vascular remodeling was continued to exacerbate. These data strongly suggest that CREG is involved in the development of vascular remodeling after arterial injury, and that injury-induced CREG down-regulation may contribute to the progression of vascular remodeling. Keywords: cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes; vascular remodeling; mouse Source: Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2015, 42(2): 161–168 Email: HAN Ya-Ling, [email protected]

78 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts

Natural Science in General

Top advances of science, technology and engineering from China in 2014 CHEN Guangren, WU Xiaoli, LIU Zhiyuan, Abstract: Based on the event every year for selecting the annual top advances in science, technology and engineering held by Science & Technology Review, top 10 scientific achievements, top 10 technological achievements and top 10 engineering achievements from China in 2014 during January 1 to December 31, are selected respectively from a lot of scientific researchespublished in influential academic journals and scientific newspapers. The selection procedure involved screening and recommending candidate internally, followed by appraisal from experts including editorial board members and external reviewers. These achievements are introduced as the time sequence of publishing. Keywords: China; science; technology; engineering; major advance Source: Science & Technology Review, 2015, 33(2): 14-27 Email: SU Qing, [email protected]

Oncology

Cover Story: High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Understanding of the clinical behavior, response to therapy, and biology of the epithelial ovarian cancer and its mechanisms of progression is highlighted by 6 articles from Europe, the United States, and China in this special issue of Chinese Journal of Cancer. In the paper by Yan Sun et 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅al, a master gene regulatory network was reviewed. The central node of this network, miR-506, has been shown to regulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cellular senescence and inhibit cancer progression through multiple targets. (The original cover art is provided by Dr. Yan Sun at Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital.)

Key nodes of a microRNA network associated with the integrated mesenchymal subtype of high-grade serous ovarian cancer Yan Sun, Fei Guo, Marina Bagnoli, et al. Abstract: Metastasis is the main cause of cancer mortality. One of the initiating events of cancer metastasis of epithelial tumors is epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), during which cells dedifferentiate from a relatively rigid cell structure/morphology to a flexible and changeable structure/morphology often associated with mesenchymal cells. The presence of EMT in human epithelial tumors is reflected by the increased expression of genes and levels of proteins that are preferentially present in mesenchymal cells. The combined presence of these genes forms the basis of mesenchymal gene signatures, which are the foundation for classifying a mesenchymal subtype of tumors. Indeed, tumor classification schemes that use clustering analysis of large genomic characterizations, like The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), have defined mesenchymal subtype in a number of cancer types, such as high-grade serous ovarian cancer and glioblastoma. However, recent analyses have shown that gene expression-based classifications of mesenchymal subtypes often do not associate with poor survival. This “paradox” can be ameliorated using integrated analysis that combines multiple data types. We recently found that integrating mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) data revealed an integrated mesenchymal subtype that is consistently associated with poor survival in multiple cohorts of patients with serous ovarian cancer. This network consists of 8 major miRNAs and 214 mRNAs. Among the 8 miRNAs, 4 are known to be regulators of EMT. This review provides a summary of these 8 miRNAs, which were associated with the integrated mesenchymal subtype of serous ovarian cancer. Keywords: MicroRNA (miRNA); epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); cancer; ovary; miR-506; miR-101 Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer, 2015, 34(1): 28–40

79 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015

Preclinical Medicine

Valproic acid suppresses SIRT1 inducing hepatotoxicity HOU Xiang-yu, JIN Jing, LI Hong-liang, et al. Abstract: Aim: To detect the role of sirtuin1(SIRT1)in hepatotoxity caused by valproic acid (VPA). Methods: The changes of SIRT1 expression of HepG2 cells were detected by Western blot. And then SIRT1 plasmid or siRNA was transfected to construct SIRT1 overexpressed or knocked-down HepG2 cells. Furthermore, SRB assays were taken to observe the changes of viability of these cells exposed to VPA. Results: VPA suppressed SIRT1 expression in a time and dose-dependent manner. SIRT1 overexpression showed a protective effect to the

cytotoxicity caused by VPA, and the IC50 before and after transfection was (4.025±0.47) and (10.87±1.50) mmol·L-1 respectively. Moreover, transfection of SIRT1 siRNA sensitized HepG2

cells to VPA, and the IC50 before and after transfection was (1.938±0.16) and (0.663±0.05) mmol·L-1 respectively. Conclusion: VPA suppressed SIRT1 expression in HepG2 cells and overexpression of SIRT1 could reduce cytotoxicity induced by VPA. Keywords: valproic acid; sirtuin 1; protein expres-sion; hepatotoxity; HepG2; cell viability Source: Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin, 2015, (1): 31–34

Email: HOU Xiang-yu, [email protected]

Physics

Cover Story: The tophat laser beam has near-uniform intensity within a circular disk. Laser beams with such flat-top transversal profile are widely utilized in industry and high power laser 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅systems. Such beams are often generated by the conversion of Gaussian mode with a diffractive optical element. In the Cover Story of this issue, researchers constructed a laser beam shaping system utilizing the digital micro-mirror device (DMD). With pulse width modulation, the DMD could be configured to work as an amplitude spatial light modulator. The produced system not only improves the efficiency of DMD-based amplitude modulation regime, but also diversified the laser beams shaping system. This is an easy and flexible method to redistribute the irradiance of the laser beam. As a demonstration, the super-Gaussian beam has been successfully shaped from the Gaussian beam with the DMD. A modal determination method was developed for mode analysis of the created flat-top beams. The DMD-based tophat beam shaping technique will be potentially applied in lithography, ultra-high resolution microscopy, and high energy physics (See the article No. 034202 by DING Xiangyu et al.).

Shaping super-Gaussian beam through digital micro-mirror device DING Xiangyu, REN Yuxuan, LU Rongde Abstract: We have set up a novel system for shaping the Gaussian laser beams into super-Gaussian beams. The digital micro-mirror device (DMD) is able to modulate the laser light spatially through binary-amplitude modulation mechanism. With DMD, the irradiance of the laser beam can be redistributed flexibly and various beams with different intensity distribution can be produced. A super-Gaussian beam has been successfully shaped from the Gaussian beam with the use of DMD. This technique will be widely applied in lithography, quantum emulation and holographic optical tweezers which require precise control of beam profile. Keywords: laser beam shaping; spatial light modulator; binary optics; DMD; Gamma curve correction Source: SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58(3): 034202 Email: REN Yuxuan, [email protected]

(Editor: ZHANG Bao-qing)

80 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts

Abstracts

treatments including 150 kg·hm-2 P and 90 kg·hm-2 K application Aeronautics and Astronautics in base fertilizer (T1), 75 kg·hm-2 P and 180 kg·hm-2 K application in base fertilizer (T2), and 75 kg·hm-2 P and 90 kg·hm-2 K Space Flight application in base fertilizer (T3), but the content of MDA was significantly lower (P<0.05). In T3 treatment, the catalase activity, V556 1003-501X-201502000073 the contents of proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugar in the leaf of Optical Design for 1.2 m Quantum Communication Tracking seedling rape were significantly higher than other treatments, but System. CAO Lei, CHEN Hongbin, QIU Qi, et al. Opto- the content of MDA was significantly lower than others. Under Electronic Engineering, 2015, 42(2): 73–77. In English. three treatments including 180 kg·hm-2 K with no P application in Due to low absorption and negligible non-birefringent character in base fertilizer (T4), 150 kg·hm-2 P with no K application in base atmosphere, optical free space therefore serves as the most fertilizer (T5), neither P nor K application in base fertilizer (T6), promising channel for large-scale quantum communication by use the catalase activity, the contents of proline, chlorophyll, soluble of satellites and optical ground stations. Quantum communication sugar in the leaf of seedling rape were significantly lower (P< in space has become a new technological challenge in the evolving 0.05) than CK, but the content of MDA was significantly higher field of quantum communications. Its main goal is to achieve the (P<0.05). In T3 treatment, the rape yield was significant higher than distribution of single photons or entangled photon pairs from other treatments. [Conclusions] By setting suitable ratio of K and P satellites to implement both quantum technologies such as quantum application in base and seedling fertilizer under certain total cryptography and fundamental quantum physics experiments. This amount of K and P fertilizer application, the seedling rape freezing article describes the equipment and features of the 1.2 m resistance could be significantly improved, and this is also very astronomical telescope which will perform experiments with meaningful for the utilization of fertilizer and ecological protection. quantum experiment satellite of China. The optical ground station Keywords: rape; fertilizer application patterns; freezing resistance; uses 1.2 m gimbaled telescope to collect the photons, and the yield strategy of the system is slightly developed to meet the need of tracking LEO satellite, which has《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 coarse and fine loop, and it can Crops also control a transmitting and receiving laser beam within a few micro radians jitter. This telescope with multiple functions will play S565.1 1000-2030-201501000008 an important role in space-to-ground quantum communication. Evaluation of seed-bulging characteristics of summer soybean Keywords: quantum communication; tracking system; fast lines in Huang-Huai Area based on pod thickness simulation. steering mirror LI Dexiao, CHEN Jiansheng, LIU Xiujie. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015, 38(1): 8–14. In Chinese. Agriculture [Objectives] The changes of pod thickness characterize the seed- filling process of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merri.]. The research Agronomy aims to evaluate the seed-bulging characters of soybean materials, which will benefit to the selection of elite soybeans and the S344 1000-2030-201501000001 research on high-yielding mechanism. [Methods] Flowers of 49 Effects of fertilizer application patterns on the seedling rape soybean lines were labeled at the peak flowering stage, and pod freezing resistance. ZHANG Zhengwen, HU Naijuan, GU Zehai, thickness was measured continuously. The relationship between et al. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015, 38(1): 1–7. pod thickness (y) and days after flowering (x) was simulated with In Chinese. the quadratic function, , which was used to [Objectives] A field experiment was conducted to study the effects estimate seed-bulging traits, including starting point of seed- of fertilizer application patterns on the seedling rape freezing bulging, final point of seed-bulging, duration of seed-bulging and resistance and yield, so as to provide a reference basis for guiding maximum pod thickness and average rate of pod thickness. The the efficient fertilization, freezing resistance and increasing yield soybean lines were grouped by cluster analysis and seed position on rape. [Methods] Under the condition of certain total amount of effect was explored on the basis of observed values. [Results] The K and P fertilizer application in the whole growth period of rape, quadratic functions well simulated the relationship between pod the experiment set seven treatments according to different ratio of thickness and days after flowering (R2>0.98). Coefficient of K and P application in base and seedling fertilizer. [Results] The variance ranked the seed-bulging related traits as duration of results showed that compared with CK treatments where all the K seed-bulging, average rate of pod thickness, starting point of and P were applicated in base fertilizer, the catalase activity, the seed-bulging, final point of seed-bulging, maximum pod thickness contents of proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugar in the leaf of and peak flowering days after sowing in a descending order. The seedling rape were significantly higher (P<0.05) under three correlation analysis indicated that soybean peak flowering days

81 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 after sowing and seed-bulging traits were independent, however, ‘Dangshansuli’. WANG Danyang, GAO Fuyong, SUN Wei, et al. seed-bulging traits were correlated. Based on the principal Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015, 38(1): 33–40. In component analysis, 49 soybeans were clustered into 10 groups Chinese. with differentiated characteristics of seed-bulging, in which, [Objectives] Lignin is widely distributed in plant cell walls and soybean lines, including ‘Zaoshu 66’ and ‘Fendou 65’ with less confers strength, rigidity and impermeability, which are the principal pod thickness, and ‘Handou 5’ ‘Zhonghuang 30’ ‘Gaodou 1’ and components of stone cells in pear. Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltrans- ‘Zhonghuang 42’ with bigger pod thickness, can be used for fast ferase (CCoAOMT) plays an important role in the biosynthesis of seed-filling soybean development. Seed position effect was lignin, and the 3-O-methylation of caffeoyl CoA leading to the detected in pod thickness and seed height, in the descending formation of feruloyl CoA is catalyzed by the enzyme CCoAOMT. sequence of middle position, distal position and near to pod stalk [Methods] In order to investigate the function of CCoAOMT in within a pod. [Conclusions] Pod thickness is a preferable the synthesis of pear stone cells, 15-year-old trees of Pyrus nondestructive index for the research of soybean seed-filling bretschneideri ‘Dangshansuli’ were used in this study, and we process, which can be used to evaluate seed-filling characteristics cloned PbCCoAOMT gene and analyzed its biological information, of different soybeans. and studied the gene expression at different stages during pear Keywords: soybean[Glycine max (L.) Merri.)]; pod thickness; fruit development. These results contributed to providing some seed-bulging characteristics; seed position effect; cluster analysis theoretical reference and practical basis to improve the quality of pear. Comparing CCoAOMT gene sequences associated with S566.3 1000-2030-201501000015 lignification obtained from from the NCBI database with pear Study on iron uptake capacities of sugar beet and the effects of genome database, the PbCCoAOMT gene cDNA sequence iron on photosynthetic physiology. SHAO Ke, MA Jingjing, LI involved in lignin biosynthesis was cloned by RT-PCR techniques. Guolong, et al. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015, Gene structure analysis relied on GSDS. Sequence alignments and 38(1): 15–20. In Chinese. homology sequence searchers in databases were carried out using [Objectives] The aim is to reveal the trend of sugar beet iron NCBI BLAST webpage. Deduced amino acid sequences were element content change, the physiological function and to provide obtained by Primer Premier 5.0 software. Phylogenetic relationships scientific basis for rational iron fertilization to sugar beet. among sequences were performed with MEGA 6.06. The [Methods] Iron element uptake capacity and the effects on molecular structure and physicochemical properties of proteins photosynthetic physiological inde《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅xes and related enzyme activity were analyzed by ProtParam. Hydrophobic analysis of deduced by spraying iron on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) at different protein sequences was demonstrated by means of ProtScale. growth stages were studied in a field experiment. [Results] The Signal peptide of deduced protein sequences was predicted by content of iron in the whole plant, with the development process, BioXM 2.6. The transmembrane domain of deduced protein increased firstly and then decreased, the metabolism of iron sequences was predicted by TMPRED. Secondary and tertiary element reached the most active status at the root and sugar rapid structures of deduced protein sequences were aligned by SOPMA growth stage in different cultivars; The accumulation of iron in the and SWISS-MODEL separately. For gene expression analysis, whole plant, with the development process, increased gradually. total genomic RNA was isolated from fruit samples collected at Iron element uptake capacities reached the highest between the different stages during pear fruit development according to the foliage rapid growth stage and the root and sugar growth stage; CTAB method and cDNAs were generated following the -1 During this period, spraying iron element (1-5 g·L FeSO4) had a manufacturers' recommendations to a final volume of 20 μL, gene significant effect, and the yield increased from 5.05% to 8.87%, quantifications were performed according to the manufacturers' sugar content was elevated from 0.42% to 0.67%, and sugar yield instructions and Pyrus EFα1 (EFα1, accession No. :AY338250) increased from 7.74% to 13.29%. After spraying iron element, the was used as internal gene to evaluate the RT-qPCR assays. content of iron in the whole plant, the chlorophyll content, [Results] The full-length cDNA of PbCCoAOMT (GenBank photosynthetic productivity, carbon assimilation rate and stomatal accession No. :KJ577544) in pear was cloned. The sequence conductance increased, ribulose bishosphate carboxylase/oxygenase consists of 1133 bp with an open reading frame of 744 bp, which and sucrose phosphate synthase also increased. [Conclusions] This encodes a polypeptide of 247 amino acids residues. Sequence indicated that iron is helpful in improving the efficiency of alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that CCoAOMT is a photosynthesis, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing yield member of O-methyltransferases family and shared high similarity and sugar content. with CCoAOMT proteins from other species, especially with the Keywords: sugar beet; iron content; accumulation; uptake highest similarity of 98.79% and phylogenetic relationship capacity; photosynthetic efficiency; sucrose synthesis enzymes compared with the loquat. Real-time PCR results showed that the change of PbCCoAOMT expression level was similar to that of Horticulture stone cell content during fruit development, which showed a rise-down tendency. [Conclusions] PbCCoAOMT gene was firstly S661.2 1000-2030-201501000033 isolated and characterized from pear, which may be involved in Cloning and expression analysis of CCoAOMT gene in fruit of metabolism of lignin.

82 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts Keywords: Dangshansuli; CCoAOMT gene; gene clone; bioinfo- for mitochondrial co-localization. [Methods] The samples were rmatics analysis; gene expression sectioned (0.3 μm thick) with a glass knife. And then the Technovit 7100 resin sections were stained with 20 nmol·L-1 MTG S634.3 1000-2030-201501000021 for 30 min. They were further stained with an equal volume of 0.1 Construction and screening of yeast two hybrid cDNA library μg·mL-1 DAPI in Tan Buffer for 6 min. And then we could of non-heading Chinese cabbage flowers with Pol CMS. QIAN distinguish the mitochondrial membrane and mitochondrial DNA Yu, LIU Tongkun, HOU Xilin, et al. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural clearly with the epifluorescence microscope. [Results] We University, 2015, 38(1): 21–26. In Chinese. observed the presence of mitochondrial membrane and their DNA [Objectives] Construction of yeast two hybrid cDNA library of in the generative cells in cucumber adherent pollen grains here. non-heading Chinese cabbage flowers with Pol cytoplasmic male The result indicated that mitochondria with its DNA were assigned sterility (Pol CMS), and screening interaction proteins with to the generative cells during the first time mitosis of microspores cytochrome C reductase iron-sulfur protein gene which named instead of being excluded totally. [Conclusions] This method BcRISP1. [Methods] The total RNA was isolated from Pol CMS provided technical support for further exploration for paternal flowers of non-heading Chinese cabbage and then obtained was inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in cucumber. The study here double strand cDNA by using LD-PCR approach. SMART also confirmed the availability of MTG in resin semi-thin sections, technique was used to construct the yeast two hybrid cDNA library which extended the application of MTG. in yeast strain Y187. This experiment used the ORF of BcRISP1 to Keywords: Cucumis sativus L.; mitochondrial; MTG-DAPI construct vector pGBK T-7-BcRISP1 as the bait in the yeast double-stain; semi-thin slices two-hybrid system, transformed into yeast strain AH109. Yeast two hybrid (Y2H) technique was used to screen interaction Astronomy and Earth Science proteins. [Results] The conversion rate of the library was about 1.80×106 recombinants per μg pGADT7-Rec, the capacity of the Astronomy library was up to 1.21×107 CFU·mL-1, and the recombinant rate was about 94%. Successful construct of yeast two hybrid cDNA P14 1674-7348-201504049501 library can be used for screening interaction proteins. Then A sample of active galactic nuclei with strong soft X-ray SD/-Trp/-Leu/-Ade/-His plates were used for screening positive variabilities. BI Da, LIU Teng, WANG JunXian. Science China clones whose fragments inserted《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 in the pGADT7-cDNA. The Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58(4): 049501. In English. experiment showed that the bait protein was non-toxic to the yeast Large-amplitude X-ray variation is a special feature of AGN, and the cotransformation in yeast was performed to verify the reflecting possible extreme change in the central engine or the interaction relations between BcRISP1 and CYP81G/PIP2. absorption along the line of sight. Till now there are only a few [Conclusions] The construction of the cDNA library was prepared relevant studies on individual sources or rather small samples. In for screening interaction proteins, yeast two hybrid technology this work we aim to perform a systematic study of AGNs with was used and successfully obtained were interaction proteins strong soft X-ray variations at timescale of ≥ 10 years. To build CYP81G and PIP2 from BcRISP1. From the experiments, more the sample, we compare the soft X-ray fluxes of AGNs measured informations was got for clear understanding the signaling in ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) during 1990-1991 with those pathways of non-heading Chinese cabbage Pol CMS related genes, measured by XMM-Newton during 2000-2009. This investigation which may further clarify the mechanism of non-heading Chinese bings forth to a sample of 13 AGNs, which appeared bright in cabbage Pol CMS from the molecular level. RASS era, and went into low states (flux dropped by a factor of Keywords: non-heading Chinese cabbage; Pol cytoplasmic male ≥ 10) when they were caught by XMM-Newton. Most of the 13 sterility (Pol CMS); yeast two hybrid sources are type I Seyfert galaxies. 5 of them are noticed to have strong X-ray variation for the first time. We study the nature of S642.2 1000-2030-201501000027 their variations through performing XMM-Newton spectral The research of detecting the mitochondrial DNA in semi-thin analyses and by collecting reports from the existing literature. We sliced pollen grains of Cucumis sativus L. by MTG-DAPI find the sample could be divided into three categories according to double-staining method. ZHAO Juan, SHEN Jia, LI Haimei, et al. the possible causes of the strong X-ray variations. The variations Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015, 38(1): 27–32. In in MRK 0478 and 1H 0419-557 are consistent with strong light- Chinese. bending effect, i.e., the observed X-ray flux drops significantly as [Objectives] MTG (Mito Tracker Green) is a green fluorescent the X-ray emitting corona gets much closer to the central black probe specific for mitochondrial, but there is still no study using hole. The variations in ESO 140-G043 and NGC 7158 are caused MTG as a fluorescent dye for semi-thin sections of resin by now. by absorption changes along the line of sight. For one special case Mitochondrial genome is paternally inherited in Cucumis sativus MRK 0335, the variation can be explained by either light-bending L., but this has not been confirmed by cytological observation. So or absorption variation. In the rest 8 sources (～ 60%), the strong we explored the double-staining system with MTG and DAPI soft X-ray variations are likely to exist due to intrinsic changes in (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), which could be used in cucumber the activities of the corona, although in some of them without high

83 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 quality X-ray spectra we are unable to rule out alternative models. least strongly affect, the presence of planetary systems. This sample provides good targets for future monitoring Keywords: extrasolar planets; planetary survival; open cluster campaigns with more extensive studies. Keywords: soft X-ray; active galactic nuclei; variation P1 1674-7348-201503030002 Two-post-Newtonian approximation of the scalar-tensor P1 1674-7348-201503039601 theory with an intermediate-range force for general matter. How to reach the orbital configuration of the inner three DENG XueMei. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, planets in HD 40307 planet system? CHEN YuanYuan, ZHOU 2015, 58(3): 030002. In English. JiLin, MA YueHua. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Some future space missions measure distances of laser links and Astronomy, 2015, 58(3): 039601. In English. angles with unprecedented precision, allowing us to test theories The formation of the present configuration of three hot of gravity up to the two-post-Newtonian (2PN) order. Besides, super-Earths in the planet system HD 40307 is a challenge to investigation of an intermediate-range force has been of conside- dynamical astronomers. With the two successive period ratios both rable interests in gravitational experiments. Inspired by these ideas, near and slightly larger than 2, the system may have evolved from within the framework of the scalar-tensor theory with an pairwise 2:1 mean motion resonances (MMRs). In this paper, we intermediaterange force, its 2PN approximation is obtained with investigate the evolutions of the period ratios of the three planets Chandrasekhar's approach. It includes the 2PN metric and after the primordial gas disk was depleted. Three routines are equations of motion for general matter without specific equation found to probably result in the current configuration under tidal of state. The conserved quantities to the 2PN order are isolated dissipation with the center star, they are: (i) through apsidal with the aid of the energy-momentum complex. We also discuss alignment only; (ii) out of pairwise 2:1MMRs, then through the prospect of testing and distinguishing the intermediate-range apsidal alignment; (iii) out of the 4:2:1 Laplace Resonance (LR), force with the orbital motions of celestial bodies and spacecrafts. then through apsidal alignment. All the three scenarios require the Keywords: gravitation; intermediate-range force; post-Newtonian initial eccentricities of planets ～0.15, which implies a planetary approximation scattering history during and after the gas disk was depleted. All the three routines will go through the apsidal alignment phase, and Geology enter a state with near-zero eccentricities finally. We also find some special characteristics for 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅each routine. If the system went P5 1001-6538-201501000116 through pairwise 2:1 MMRs at the beginning, the MMR of the Revised Ti-in-biotite geothermometer for ilmeniteor rutile- outer two planets would be broken first to reach the current state. bearing crustal metapelites. Chun-Ming Wu, Hong-Xu Chen. As for routine (iii), the planets would be out of the LR at the place Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(1): 116–121. In English. where some high-order resonances are located. At the high-order In the present study, the Ti-in-biotite geothermometer was revised resonances 17:8 or 32:15 of the planets c and d, the system will using more than 300 natural rutile- or ilmenite-bearing metapelites possibly enter the current state as the final equilibrium. collected worldwide. The formulation was empirically calibrated

Keywords: planets and satellites: formation; planets and satellites: as ln[T (℃)]=6.313+0.224ln (XTi) -0.288ln (XFe) -0.449ln (XMg) + VI HD40307 0.15P (GPa), with Xj=j/ (Fe+Mg+Al +Ti) in biotite, assuming ferric iron content of 11.6 mol% of the total iron in biotite. This P1 1674-7348-201503039503 thermometer is consistent with the well-calibrated garnet-biotite Planet host stars in open clusters. YANG XiaoLing, CHEN thermometer within error of ±50℃ for most of the calibrant YuQin, ZHAO Gang. Science China Physics, Mechanics & samples and can successfully distinguish systematic temperature Astronomy, 2015, 58(3): 039503. In English. changes of different metamorphic zones in both prograde and We have compiled a list of all planet host star candidates reported inverted metamorphic terranes as well as thermal contact aureoles. in the literature, which are likely to be cluster members, and we Thus, the thermometer truthfully reflects real geologic conditions checked their memberships by the spatial location, radial velocity, and can be applied to TiO2-saturated metapelites metamorphosed proper motion and photometric criteria. We found that only six at the crustal level within the calibration ranges (450-840℃, stars, BD-13 2130, HD 28305, Kepler-66, Kepler-67, Pr0201 and 0.1-1.9 GPa, XTi=0.02-0.14 in biotite). Pr0211, are planet orbiting stars in open clusters to date. Two stars, Keywords: Ti content; Biotite; Calibration; Geothermometer; HD 70573 and HD 89744, belong to moving groups and one star, Application; Error TYC 8975-2606-1, may not be a planet host star, while three stars, HD 16175, HD 46375 and HD 108874 are not members of open P5 1001-6538-201501000122 clusters. We note that all these six planetary systems in the stellar Why models run hot: results from an irreducibly simple climate cluster environment are younger than ～1 Gyr, which might model. Christopher Monckton, Willie W.-H. Soon, David R. indicate that the planetary system in open cluster can not survive Legates, et al. Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(1): 122–135. In English. for a long time, and we speculate that close stellar encounters An irreducibly simple climate-sensitivity model is designed to between member stars in open cluster can potentially destroy, or at empower even non-specialists to research the question how much

84 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts global warming we may cause. In 1990, the First Assessment on RNA processing, especially on mRNA splicing. Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Keywords: N6-Methyl-adenosine (m6A); Methyltransferase; expressed "substantial confidence" that near-term global warming Demethylase; m6A binding protein; mRNA splicing would occur twice as fast as subsequent observation. Given rising

CO2 concentration, few models predicted no warming since 2001. Q502 1000-2030-201501000063 Between the pre-final and published drafts of the Fifth Assessment Identification of a protease related to the degradation of Report, IPCC cut its near-term warming projection substantially, Rubisco large subunit in wheat leaves. WU Wei, CHEN Xiao, substituting "expert assessment" for models' near-term predictions. ZHANG Peng, et al. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, Yet its long-range predictions remain unaltered. The model 2015, 38(1): 63–69. In Chinese. indicates that IPCC's reduction of the feedback sum from 1.9 to [Objectives] In order to explore the mechanism of degradation of 1.5 W m-2 K-1 mandates a reduction from 3.2 to 2.2 K in its central Rubisco in wheat leaves, we discovered a novel protease which climate-sensitivity estimate; that, since feedbacks are likely to be could degrade Rubisco large subunit (LSU), and then identified net-negative, a better estimate is 1.0 K; that there is no unrealized the biochemical characteristics of the protease. [Methods] Rubisco global warming in the pipeline; that global warming this century holoenzyme was obtained by gel cut after natural gradient- will be < 1 K; and that combustion of all recoverable fossil fuels polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protease was separated by will cause < 2.2 K global warming to equilibrium. Resolving the ion exchange chromatography, natural sodium dedecyl sulfate discrepancies between the methodology adopted by IPCC in its polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and gel cut. The Fourth and Fifth Assessment Reports that are highlighted in the biochemical characteristics of the protease, including the optimal present paper is vital. Once those discrepancies are taken into temperature, optimal pH, thermal stability and the type of account, the impact of anthropogenic global warming over the proteolytic enzymes, were studied by gelatin-SDS-PAGE. [Results] next century, and even as far as equilibrium many millennia hence, The LSU was degraded to many small fragments with lower may be no more than one-third to one-half of IPCC's current molecular weight by a protease in the sample of Rubisco purified projections. from the gel. The protease could not be separated from the sample Keywords: Climate change; Climate sensitivity; Climate models; of Rubisco holoenzymes after Mono-Q anion exchange Global warming; Temperature feedbacks; Dynamical systems chromatography. The protease could be separated from Rubisco after natural SDS-PAGE. The activities of different samples Biological《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 Science isolated from natural SDS-PAGE gel were detected. A protease with obvious proteolytic activity could be detected by gelatin- Biochemistry SDS-PAGE from the obtained sample located upon LSU. However we did not detect any protease activity in the samples of LSU, Q5 1001-6538-201501000021 SSU, and the sample between LSU and SSU. The optimum Dynamic m6A modification and its emerging regulatory role in temperature for the protease was about 60℃. The protease was mRNA splicing. Ying Yang, Bao-Fa Sun, Wen Xiao, et al. Science highly active between pH 5.0 and pH 8.0, and the optimum pH Bulletin, 2015, 60(1): 21–32. In English. value was around 7.0. The protease was approximately inactive Recent studies on enzymes regulating dynamic N6-methyl- when pre-incubated at temperature higher than 50℃, and the adenosine (m6A) in RNA together with the findings from m6A- protease was completely inhibited by serine protease inhibitors methylated RNA immunoprecipitation followed by high- AEBSF. In addition, metalloprotease inhibitors of 1,10- throughput sequencing (MeRIP-seq/m6Aseq) have revealed a phenanthroline could partially inhibit the activity of protease, but broad biological role of m6A in RNA processing, development, cysteine proteinase inhibitor E-64, metalloprotease inhibitors differentiation, metabolism and fertility. RNA m6A methylation is EDTA and EGTA, serine protease inhibitor PMSF, aspartic-type catalyzed by a multicomponent methyltransferase complex proteinase inhibitor pepstatin failed to influence the activity of composed of at least three subunits: METTL3, METTL14 and protease. [Conclusions] In this paper, a novel serine protease Wilms tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP), in which METTL3 which could degrade the LSU was found in the sample of Rubisco and METTL14 serve as catalytic subunits, while WTAP as holoenzymes from gel cut after natural gradient-polyacrylamide regulatory subunit. Dioxygenases FTO and ALKBH5, as the first gel electrophoresis, and the protease might be a metal-dependent two known m6A demethylases, catalyze m6A removal. Five serine protease. m6A-binding proteins are classified into cytoplasmic YT521-B Keywords: ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase homology (YTH) domain-containing family YTHDF1-3 and (Rubisco); proteolysis; wheat leaves; senescence; biochemical nuclear YTHDC1-2. Perturbation of enzymatic activities characteristics catalyzing dynamic m6A results in altered expression of thousands of genes and affectsmRNAstability and splicing at the cellular Q556+.9 1000-2030-201501000101 level. Here, we summarize recent discoveries about m6A Influence of nitrate/ammonium ratio on the growth and root methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers) and binding plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity of banana. CHEN Peng, proteins (readers), and further discuss the potential impacts of m6A ZHANG Maoxing, ZHANG Mingchao, et al. Journal of Nanjing

85 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Agricultural University, 2015, 38(1): 101–106. In Chinese. trajectories of well-known large-scale neural networks across the [Objectives] To investigate the effect of nitrate/ammonium ratio on natural life span (6-85 years of age). The CCS has been made the growth of banana and roots plasma membrane H+-ATPase. freely available to the public via GitHub (https://github. [Methods] Brazilian varieties bananas (Musa AAA Cavendish cv. com/zuoxinian/CCS) and our laboratory's Web site (http://lfcd. Baxi) were cultivated in hydroponics systems with different ratio psych. ac. cn/ccs. html) to facilitate progress in discovery science of nitrate/ammonium. Five treatments, including 100% nitrate in the field of human brain connectomics. (100%N), 75% nitrate+25% ammonium (75%N+25%A), 50% Keywords: Connectome; Life span; Big data; Normative charts; nitrate+50% ammonium (50%N+50%A), 25% nitrate+75% Discovery science ammonium (25%N+75%A) and 100% ammonium (100%A) were conducted. The plant biomass and nutrients, such as N, P, K, Ca, Q815 1003-5214-201501000052 Mg contents were analyzed. Moreover, the plasma membrane Screening Strains and Conditions for the Degradation of Gallic H+-ATPase activity of banana roots was tested and its correlation Acid to Prepare Pyrogallol. LI Wen-jun, WANG Cheng-zhang, with the banana plant growth was established. [Results] In MIN Fan-qin, et al. Fine Chemicals, 2015, 32(1): 52–58. In comparison with the treatments of sole nitrogen resource, the Chinese. treatment of 50% nitrate+50% ammonium (50% N+50% A) The strains belonging to Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp. caused the greatest biomass of banana plants and the highest were tested in their degradation of gallic acid to produce content of N, P, K in plants. The rhizospheric pH was related to the pyrogallol in the CDM medium through the substrate induction ratio of nitrate and ammonium. The pH was lowest under the test, and Enterobacter aerogenes was screened as the stable 100% ammonium treatment, while the pH increased with the high-yielding strain for pyrogallol. The influence factors affecting addition of nitrate in the root medium. The activity of plasma the yield of pyrogallol, including fermentation temperature, membrane H+-ATPase is highest under the 100% ammonium substrate concentration, initial pH of fermentation medium, were treatment, and decreased with the increased ratio of nitrate to explored. The Box-Behnken experimental analysis was adopted to ammonium. [Conclusions] The plasma membrane H+-ATPase design a response surface methodology based on 3 factors and 3 activity is strongly influenced by the ammonium/nitrate ratio in levels and model modification in order to determine the optimum the root medium and the rhizospere pH caused by the uptake of fermentation conditions for the degradation of gallic acid with ammonium/nitrate by plant roots. Only under the suitable ratio of Enterobacter aerogenes. The verified experiment results show that nitrate/ammonium in the nutrition《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 solution, the activity of plasma the yield of pyrogallol could reach 77.86% when the fermentation membrane H+-ATPase is relatively balanced for the plant growth. temperature was 32℃, substrate concentration was 0.32%, and pH In contrast, the high or low activity of plasma membrane of the initial fermentation medium was 6.0, and this yield was H+-ATPase indicated an unfavorable situation for plant growth. better than that obtained by the chemical method or other Keywords: nitrate; ammonium; banana; H+-ATPase; root biological method under similar conditions. This research laid the foundation for the large-scale production of pyrogallol by Bioengineering (Biotechnology) biological degradation of gallic acid. Keywords: pyrogallol; substrate induction test; Enterobacter Q81 1001-6538-201501000086 aerogenes; response surface; model modification; biological A Connectome Computation System for discovery science of engineering brain. Ting Xu, Zhi Yang, Lili Jiang, et al. Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(1): 86–95. In English. Cell Biology Much like genomics, brain connectomics has rapidly become a core component of most national brain projects around the world. Q2 1001-6538-201501000033 Beyond the ambitious aims of these projects, a fundamental Single cell sequencing: technique, application, and future challenge is the need for an efficient, robust, reliable and easy-to- development. Ruidong Xue, Ruoyan Li, Fan Bai. Science Bulletin, use pipeline to mine such large neuroscience datasets. Here, we 2015, 60(1): 33–42. In English. introduce a computational pipeline—namely the Connectome The progression of next generation sequencing is continuously Computation System (CCS) —for discovery science of human changing the landscape of genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic brain connectomes at the macroscale with multimodal magnetic studies. Particularly, advances in single cell manipulation and resonance imaging technologies. The CCS is designed with a amplification techniques bring sequencing technology to the three-level hierarchical structure that includes data cleaning and single-cell level. Single cell genome sequencing allows us to study preprocessing, individual connectome mapping and connectome tumor evolution, gamete genesis, somatic mosaicism at mining, and knowledge discovery. Several functional modules are genome-wide level; single cell transcriptome sequencing unveils embedded into this hierarchy to implement quality control the dynamic gene expression during early embryonic development, procedures, reliability analysis and connectome visualization. We differentiation and reprogramming; single cell methylome demonstrate the utility of the CCS based upon a publicly available sequencing is just taking off and shows great potential in cancer dataset, the NKI- Rockland Sample, to delineate the normative and stem cell studies. Lots of attempts are still being made in other

86 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts dimensions of sequencing. The increasing need for single cell were for Aime-C, seven for Aime-I and six for Aime-L; however, sequencing requires the future techniques with the following we only identified six unique sequences from these haplotypes. features: (1) high accuracy and fidelity; (2) able to perform The subsequent maximum-likelihood and Chi-square analyses multiple omics analyses in one cell; (3) high degree of automation both detected evidence of recombination acting on the 21 and standardized pipeline. These progresses and improvements haplotypes. These results indicate that the giant panda still retains will lower the barrier for single cell sequencing to enter ordinary a relatively high adaptive variation at Aime-MHC-I genes, and that laboratories. The wide application of single cell sequencing the intronic segments have been homogenized along evolutionary techniques will substantially change biomedical research in future. time by recombination and subsequent genetic drift. We calculated Keywords: Single cell isolation; Genetic heterogeneity; Single nucleotide substitution rates of the antigenbinding regions (exons cell genome sequencing; Single cell transcriptome sequencing; 2 and 3) and the noncoding intron 2, and found two pieces of Single cell methylome sequencing evidence supporting the presence of balancing selection in the giant panda: an excess of nonsynonymous over synonymous Entomology substitutions at the antigen-binding sites, and an obviously higher synonymous substitutions in the exons than nucleotide Q962 1000-2030-201501000168 substitutions in the intron. Thus, this study reveals that balancing RNA interference impact on silkworm cyclinA gene and cell selection and recombination together shape the diversity pattern at proliferation. LIU Lihua, SHEN Weide, LI Bing, et al. Journal of Aime-MHC-I loci of the giant panda.

Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015, 38(1): 168–171. In Keywords: dN/dS; Intron homogenization; Recombination; MHC; Chinese. Giant panda [Objectives] The research was conducted to study small interfering RNA (siRNA) the effects on silkworm ovary cell line (BmN) Microbiology cyclinA gene expression and cell cycle. [Methods] Chemically synthesized siRNA fragments specific for cyclinA gene with Q932 1000-2030-201501000070 liposomes was used to transfect BmN cells, which were observed CDS1 is required for proper vacuole morphology but not for under confocal fluorescence microscopy, and mRNA expression autophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ZHAO Xiu, ZHU was detected by real-time PCR, and cell cycle, by flow cytometry. Xiaolong, HE Yawen, et al. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural [Results] With siRNA transfection《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 efficiency into BmN cells, and University, 2015, 38(1): 70–77. In Chinese. transfection siRNA-cyclinA after 48 h, silkworm cyclinA mRNA [Objectives] This study investigated autophagy and vacuole expression levels decreased 37.4%; flow cytometry showed that morphology in mutants of phospholipid synthesis genes. [Methods] transfected group's transfer G0/G1 phase cells rate increased, S Wild-type and single-mutant yeasts of phospholipid synthesis phase and G2/M phase of the cell ratio decreases. [Conclusions] genes were examined for lipid droplet morphology with Nile Red The test show that imported siRNA fragments, cyclinA can be staining. The autophagy marker protein was tagged endogenously effectively inhibit, the cell cycle arrested in G1 phase, and with GFP in WT and mutant yeast strains and the process of inhibitted cell proliferation. autophagy was examined for GFP-Atg8 colocalization with Keywords: small interfering RNA (siRNA); silkworm BmN cells; vacuoles (stained with dye FM4-64) by fluorescence microscopy. cyclinA gene; gene expression; cell cycle Furthermore, the process of autophagy was investigated with immuno-blotting for GFP-Atg8 degradation under starvation. The Genetics growth response of cds1-DAmP mutant to treatment with phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA, also called shenqinmycin) was Q3 1001-6538-201501000136 also tested. [Results] Mutations of genes encoding phospholipid Balancing selection and recombination drive genetic variation synthesis enzymes resulted in supersized or multiple lipid droplets at MHC class I genes in the giant panda. Fang-Jian Yu, Ying (LDs) in limited nutrient conditions, but had no effect on Zhu, Tie-Yi Xiong, et al. Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(1): 136–138. autophagy under starvation. However, CDS1 mutation resulted in In English. fragmented vacuoles, which could be complemented by Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a family of highly overexpression of CDS1. Furthermore, the growth of cds1-DAmP polymorphic genes activating adaptive immunity in vertebrates. mutant was more sensitive than wild-type to PCA treatment. However, the underlying mechanism of MHC evolution is still not [Conclusions] Mutants with super-sized LDs and fragmented fully understood. In this study, we investigated genetic variation of vacuoles may not affect the process of autophagy, but affect its three classical MHC class I genes in the giant panda (Ailuropoda response to extracellular environment, such as PCA treatment. melanoleuca) and tested for selection effect and recombination Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; phospholipid; lipid droplet; event across exonic and intronic sequences to understand autophagy; vacuole; immuno-blotting maintenance mechanism of polymorphism at Aime-MHC class I genes. In total, we isolated 21MHCclass I haplotypes (exon Q939 1000-2030-201501000078 2-intron 2-exon 3) from 46 captive giant pandas, of which eight Enzymatic characteristics and purification of an intracellular

87 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 fenoxaprop-p-ethyl esterase from strain Rhodococcus sp. T1. steady state operation was achieved in SBR-2, a cyclic study for DONG Weiliang, HOU Ying, WANG Fei, et al. Journal of Nanjing both reactors were initiated through periodic sampling and Agricultural University, 2015, 38(1): 78–84. In Chinese. analysis of such parameters as chemical oxygen demand (COD), [Objectives] Rhodococcus sp. T1 was an efficient fenoxaprop-p- phosphate, ammonia and nitrate in the mixed liquor. EBPR ethyl (FE) degrading strain and could convert FE to fenoxaprop sludge's ability in phosphorus removal was compared between two acid (FA) through hydrolyzing the ester bond of FE. In order to SBRs through investigating the effects of influent P concentration provide more technical support for the bioremediation of FE on phosphate removal efficiency. [Results] In the present study, pollution, the enzymatic characteristics and purification of the enhanced biological phosphorus removal was successfully intracellular fenoxaprop-p-ethyl esterase from strain T1 were established in both lactic acid-feed SBR-2 and acetic acid-feed investigated in this study. [Methods] The effects of temperature SBR-1 after an acclimation period of 8 d and 31 d, respectively. and pH on the activity and stability of esterase and the effect of Similar to acetic acid-feed EBPR sludge, lactic acid-feed EBPR metal ions on the activity of esterase were determined by using sludge exhibited characteristic metabolic behavior typical to 1-acetoxynaphthalene, the general substrate of esterase, as the polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs). As compared to substrates for quantitatively detecting the activities of esterase. acetic acid-feed EBPR sludge, lactic acid-feed EBPR sludge was Afterwards, the esterase was separated and purified by the characterized by significantly lower values of such parameters as combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic organic acid uptake rate, P-release rate and P-uptake rate. chromatography, DEAE ion-exchange chromatography and However this did not lead to any difference in the time period Superdex-200 gel chromatography. The specific activity, required for complete aerobic P-uptake between these two sludges purification fold and recovery of the esterase were calculated and this could be attributed to significantly lower P-release during the processes of purification. The molecular weight of the observed in the lactic acid-feed SBR-2. When influent phosphate esterase was determined by using sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration was not more than 12 mg·L-1, nearly complete polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and zymogram. phosphorus removal could be achieved for the lactic acid-feed [Results] The esterase was stable from pH 4.0 to pH 10.0 for 24 h SBR-2 as indicated by low levels of effluent phosphate with the optimum pH of 8.0. It was stable at temperature below 50 concentration below 0.3 mg·L-1. [Conclusion] EBPR could be ℃with the optimum of 42℃. The activity of the esterase was achieved by using lactic acid as the sole carbon source. seriously inhibited by 1.0 mmol·L-1 Ag+. The specific activity of Keywords: polyphosphate-accumulating organism (PAO); the purified esterase was increased《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 to 21.5 U·mg-1 from 0.058 enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR); lactic acid; U·mg-1 in the crude enzyme extract. The esterase was purified carbon source 369.5-fold and a recovery rate of 3% was achieved. At least four protein bands were observed in the purified fenoxaprop-p-ethyl Waste Treatment and Comprehensive Utilization esterase. The esterase protein presented as a band with a molecular weight of about 42.3×10-3 as confirmed by zymogram. X703 1000-2030-201501000107 [Conclusions] The fenoxaprop-p-ethyl esterase exhibits broader Research on removal efficiency of phosphorus by four aquatic pH stability and temperature stability. Therefore, it could be macrophytes and rule of phosphorus migration in systems. potentially applied in remediation of FE-contaminated soil. CHEN Zhichao, ZHANG Zhiyong, LIU Haiqin, et al. Journal of Keywords: Rhodococcus sp.T1; fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (FE); Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015, 38(1): 107–112. In purification; enzymatic characterization; esterase zymogram Chinese. [Objectives] Removal efficiency of phosphorus by aquatic Environmental Science and Safety Science macrophytes of different ecological types and rule of phosphorus migration in the systems were discussed in the paper. [Methods] Environmental Pollution and Control Static simulation experiments were carried out utilizing eutrophic water and sediment from the Dianchi Lake together with four X505 1000-2030-201501000085 aquatic macrophytes of different ecological types, including the Feasibility study on enhanced biological phosphorus removal floating plants water hyacinth and water lettuce, the emergent by using lactic acid as an influent carbon source. LONG plant typha and the submerged plant hydrilla. [Results] The four Jianbing, GU Xiangyang. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural water macrophytes showed considerable tolerance capacity to University, 2015, 38(1): 85–92. In Chinese. eutrophic water and sediment. After 80 days, the removal rate of [Objectives] Objective of the present study was to explore the total phosphorus (TP) in water were 95.0%, 94.3% and 92.0% feasibility of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) by respectively. In water hyacinth system, while the concentration of using lactic acid as the sole carbon source. [Methods] Acclimation TP in water significantly decreased, the phosphorus in sediment of EBPR sludge was carried out in an anaerobic-aerobic gradually released, so phosphorus absorbed by water hyacinth sequencing batch reactor (SBR) by using lactic acid as influent came from water and sediment. In water lettuce system, the main carbon source (SBR-2) and compared with the control SBR, which source of phosphorus absorbed by the plant was water. In typha received acetic acid as influent carbon source (SBR-1). Once system, though the plant biomass increased very little, the plant

88 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts also reduced the concentration of TP in water and prompted a CHEN Yaning, XU Changchun. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, slight increase of phosphorus content in sediment, and then, from 25(1): 69–84. In English. the table new phosphorus absorbed by the plant mainly came from Data of flood, drought, hailstorms, and low temperature events in water. In hydrilla system, due to part rot of the plant, the removal Xinjiang from 1949 to 2012 were analyzed with the diffusion rate of TP in water was 62.9% below the control treatment, but the method to assess the risk of the most common types of disasters in plant showed a good absorption capacity to phosphorus in Xinjiang. It was proved that the frequency and intensity of sediment, so sediment was the main source of phosphorus meteorological disasters of the study area showed an increasing absorbed by the plant. [Conclusions] Water hyacinth, water lettuce trend associated with global warming. Among the four types of and typha could effectively reduce the concentration of total disasters, surpass probability of drought was the largest, followed phosphorus; water hyacinth and hydrilla could assimilate by hailstorm, low temperature and flood in turn. Moreover, the phosphorus in sediment. When the concentration of total wavelet method analysis revealed that greater oscillations had phosphorus in water was low, the phosphorus in sediment could occurred since 2000, which may be associated with the occurrence release to the water. of extreme climatic changes. The spatial distribution of frequencies Keywords: aquatic macrophytes; eutrophic water; sediment; reveals that the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains is a multiple phosphorus removal; phosphorus migration disaster area, the southern slope of Tianshan is the area where more floods and hailstorms occur, and the west of Turpan-Hami History and Geography Basin is the area wind is prevalent. The relationships between disaster-affected areas and corresponding meteorological and Geography socio-economic indexes were also analyzed. It indicated that there were significant positive correlations between the areas affected K9 0375-5444-201502000225 and the most meteorological and socio-economic indicators except Application of GIS for the identification and demarcation of the grain acreage. selective heavy metal concentrations in the urban groundwater. Keywords: risk assessment; meteorological disaster; information Sobia ASHRAF, Farhat ABBAS, Muhammad IBRAHIM, et al. diffusion; Xinjiang Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 25(2): 225–235. In English. Groundwater is the most appropriate and widely used source of K9 0375-5444-201501000058 drinking water, which is increasingly《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 threatened by pollution from Changes in daily extreme precipitation events in South China industrial and agricultural activities. To check the severity of the from 1961 to 2011. REN Zhengguo, ZHANG Mingjun, WANG problem, 156 groundwater samples were collected from various Shengjie, et al. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 25(1): 58–68. In depths (60-110 ft) of 52 different localities in Faisalabad city, the English. third largest metropolis in Pakistan, and analyzed for the metals Based on the daily precipitation from a 0.5°×0.5° gridded dataset (Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, Mn and Fe) concentration in 2009. and meteorological stations during 1961-2011 released by Quantification was done by using Flame Atomic Absorption National Meteorological Information Center, the reliability of this Spectrophotometer technique and the results were compared with gridded precipitation dataset in South China was evaluated. Five WHO standards for drinking water quality. Results showed that precipitation indices recommended by the World Meteorological the levels of Cu, Mn and Fe were below the WHO standards while Organization (WMO) were selected to investigate the changes in the concentrations of Zn, Cd, Ni and Pb were above the precipitation extremes of South China. The results indicated that recommended levels of safe drinking water. Correlation analysis the bias between gridded data interpolated to given stations and among the occurrence of these heavy metals revealed a highly the corresponding observed data is limited, and the proportion of significant and positive correlation of Mn with Zn and Fe. A the number of stations with bias between -10% and 0 is 50.64%. significant and positive correlation of Cd was also found with Cu The correlation coefficients between gridded data and observed and groundwater depth showing that there is strong association data are generally above 0.80 in most parts. The average of between Cu-Cd pair and that the Cd concentration varies with precipitation indices shows a significant spatial difference with depth of groundwater in the study area. Regional patterns of heavy drier northwest section and wetter southeast section. The trend metals occurrence were mapped using Geographical Information magnitudes of the maximum 5-day precipitation (RX5day), very System (GIS) for the identification and demarcation of risk areas. wet day precipitation (R95), very heavy precipitation days The concentration maps may be used by policymakers of the city (R20mm) and simple daily intensity index (SDII) are 0.17 mm·a-1, to mitigate groundwater pollution. 1.14 mm·a-1, 0.02 d·a-1 and 0.01 mm·d-1·a-1, respectively, while Keywords: heavy metals; groundwater contamination; Faisalabad; consecutive wet days (CWD) decrease by -0.05 d·a-1 during pollution mitigation 1961-2011. There is spatial disparity in trend magnitudes of precipitation indices, and approximate 60.85%, 75.32% and K9 0375-5444-201501000069 75.74% of the grid boxes show increasing trends for RX5day, Assessment of meteorological disasters based on information SDII and R95, respectively. There are high correlations between diffusion theory in Xinjiang, Northwest China. WU Meihua, precipitation indices and total precipitation, which is statistically

89 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 significant at the 0.01 level. was a significant decrease in Group 3. Soil water under vegetation Keywords: precipitation extremes; gridded data; South China Group 3 was much lower than that in the other two groups at all soil depths. The EC, organic matter, total P and soluble Na, Ca and K9 0375-5444-201502000211 Mg varied very similarly with soil water. Canonical Construction of an ecological resistance surface model and its correspondence analysis (CCA) satisfactorily assessed the application in urban expansion simulations. YE Yuyao, SU species-soil relations in the area. The distribution of plant species Yongxian, ZHANG Hong-ou, et al. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, was strongly correlated with the soil factors of water content, 25(2): 211–224. In English. organic matter, EC and nutrients. The variations in species Urban expansion models are useful tools to understand urbaniza- occurrence explained by the three CCA axes were about 70%, tion process and have been given much attention. However, urban indicating that some explanatory site variables may exist outside expansion is a complicated socio-economic phenomenon that is our studied parameters. Soil texture is suggested to be included in affected by complex and volatile factors involving in great future studies to improve the explanation of CCA. uncertainties. Therefore, the accurate simulation of the urban Keywords: distribution; plant species; soil; Gurbantunggut Desert; expansion process remains challenging. In this paper, we make an China attempt to solve such uncertainty through a reversal process and view urban expansion as a process wherein the urban landscape K9 0375-5444-201501000045 overcomes resistance from other landscapes. We developed an Dynamic trends and driving forces of land use intensification innovative approach derived from the minimum cumulative of cultivated land in China. WANG Guogang, LIU Yansui, LI resistance (MCR) model that involved the introduction of a Yurui, et al. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 25(1): 45–57. In relative resistance factor for different source levels and the Chinese. consideration of rigid constraints on urban expansion caused by The aim of this study is to establish several important factors ecological barriers. Using this approach, the urban expansion representing land use intensification in cultivated land (denoted by ecological resistance (UEER) model was created to describe CII), using a multi-dimensional approach to achieve realistic and ecological resistance surfaces suitable for simulating urban practical cultivated land use policies in China. For this reason, the expansion and used to simulate urban expansion in Guangzhou. theoretical framework was first built to explain the changes of land The study results demonstrate that the ecological resistance use intensification in the cultivated land, and then the variables surface generated by the UEER《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 model comprehensively reflects and index were further developed for the purpose of characterizing ecological resistance to urban expansion and indicates the spatial the dynamic trends and driving forces of the land use trends in urban expansion. The simulation results from the intensification in the cultivated land at the provincial level. The UEER-based model were more realistic and more accurately study results indicate that the extent of CII significantly increased reflected ecological protection requirements than the conventional during the period of 1996 to 2008, due to the extensive use of MCR-based model. These findings can enhance urban expansion fertilizers, machinery and pesticide, increased labor and capital simulation methods. input, and intensified land use. Moreover, the principal component Keywords: urban expansion; simulation; ecological resistance regression results show that the productivity of cultivated land, surface; model economic benefits of cultivated land, labor productivity, and land use conversion are the main factors affecting the village K9 0375-5444-201501000101 development. The first three factors play a positive role, while the Distribution of plant species and species-soil relationship in the last one has a negative effect on the land use intensification in the east central Gurbantunggut Desert, China. AN Ping, LI cultivated land. According to these results, the main policies for Xiangjun, ZHENG Yuanrun, et al. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, sustainable intensification in cultivated land are proposed. First, 25(1): 101–112. In English. the sustainable pathways for intensification should be adopted to The distribution of plant species and relationships between species reduce the unsustainable uses of chemical fertilizer, agricultural and soil factors in the east central part of Gurbantunggut Desert chemicals, etc. Second, the conditions for agricultural production was studied to provide more insight into the flora and determine should be further improved to increase the cultivated land differences in vegetation across various parts of the desert. productivity. Third, it is very necessary and helpful for improving Two-way Cluster Analysis showed that the vegetation in the area labor productivity and land use efficiency from the viewpoint of could be divided into three groups, the first group was dominated accelerated the cultivated land circulation. The last step is to by the shrub species, Ephedra przewalskii and the grass species, positively affect the production activities of peasants by means of Carex physodes mainly in areas of flat grounds and gentle slopes; reforming the subsidy standards. the second group was dominated by C. physodes, Artemisia Keywords: cultivated land; land use intensification; spatial pattern; songorica and A. xerophytica mainly on the slope of sand dunes factors; China and the third group was dominated by the shrub species, Haloxylon persicum mainly on the top of sand dunes. There was K9 0375-5444-201502000177 no difference in plant density between Groups 1 and 2 but there Evaluating the suitability of TRMM satellite rainfall data for

90 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts hydrological simulation using a distributed hydrological model corresponding time-lags were 0-1 h, 13 h, and 6-7 h, respectively. in the Weihe River catchment in China. ZHAO Haigen, YANG Therefore, the duration from the generation of discharge to Shengtian, WANG Zhiwei, et al. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, confluence was the shortest in the glacierized catchment and the 25(2): 177–195. In English. longest in the catchment where was mainly covered by snow. It The objective of this study is to quantitatively evaluate Tropical was also shown that the hydrological process from the generation Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data with rain gauge data of discharge to confluence shortened when precipitation was and further to use this TRMM data to drive a Distributed considered. The factors influencing changes in the discharge Time-Variant Gain Model (DTVGM) to perform hydrological among the three gauging stations were different. For Glacier No. 1 simulations in the semi-humid Weihe River catchment in China. station, the discharge was mainly controlled by heat conditions in Before the simulations, a comparison with a 10-year (2001-2010) the glacierized region, and the discharge displayed an accelerated daily rain gauge data set reveals that, at daily time step, TRMM growth when the temperature exceeded 5℃ in the melt season. It rainfall data are better at capturing rain occurrence and mean was found that the englacial and subglacial drainage channel of values than rainfall extremes. On a monthly time scale, good linear Glacier No. 1 had become simpler during the past 20 years. Its relationships between TRMM and rain gauge rainfall data are weaker retardance and storage of glacier melting water resulted in found, with determination coefficients R2 varying between 0.78 rapid discharge confluence. It was also shown that the discharge and 0.89 for the individual stations. Subsequent simulation results curve and the time-lag between the maximum discharge and the of seven years (2001-2007) of data on daily hydrological highest temperature could be used to reveal the evolution of the processes confirm that the DTVGM when calibrated by rain gauge drainage system and the process of glacier and snow melting at data performs better than when calibrated by TRMM data, but the different levels of glacier coverage. performance of the simulation driven by TRMM data is better than Keywords: glacier and snow melting; runoff generation and that driven by gauge data on a monthly time scale. The results thus confluence; hydrological process; Urumqi River source region; suggest that TRMM rainfall data are more suitable for monthly Tianshan Mountains streamflow simulation in the study area, and that, when the effects of recalibration and the results for water balance components are K9 0375-5444-201501000019 also taken into account, the TRMM 3B42-V7 product has the Impact of farmland changes on production potential in China potential to perform well in similar basins. during 1990-2010. LIU Luo, XU Xinliang, LIU Jiyuan, et al. Acta Keywords: rainfall; TRMM; 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅distributed hydrological model; Geographica Sinica, 2015, 25(1): 19–34. In English. DTVGM; hydrological simulation; Weihe River catchment The quantity and spatial pattern of farmland has changed in China, which has led to a major change in the production potential under K9 0375-5444-201502000149 the influence of the national project of ecological environmental Hydrological processes of glacier and snow melting and runoff protection and rapid economic growth during 1990-2010. In this in the Urumqi River source region, eastern Tianshan study, the production potential in China was calculated based on Mountains, China. SUN Meiping, YAO Xiaojun, LI Zhongqin, et meteorological, terrain elevation, soil and land-use data from 1990, al. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 25(2): 149–164. In English. 2000 and 2010 using the Global Agro-ecological Zones model. Hydrological processes were compared, with and without the Then, changes in the production potential in response to farmland influence of precipitation on discharge, to identify the differences changes from 1990 to 2010 were subsequently analyzed. The main between glacierized and non-glacierized catchments in the Urumqi conclusions were the following. First, the total production River source region, on the northern slope of the eastern Tianshan potential was 1.055 billion tons in China in 2010. Moreover, the Mountains, during the melting season (May-September) in 2011. average production potential was 7614 kg/ha and showed The study was based on hydrological data observed at 10-min tremendous heterogeneity in spatial pattern. Total production in intervals, meteorological data observed at 15-min intervals, and eastern China was high, whereas that in northwestern China was glacier melting and snow observations from the Empty Cirque, low. The regions with high per unit production potential were Zongkong, and Urumqi Glacier No. 1 gauging stations. The results mainly distributed over southern China and the middle and lower indicated that the discharge differed markedly among the three reaches of the Yangtze River. Second, the obvious spatiotemporal gauging stations. The daily discharge was more than the nightly heterogeneity in farmland changes from 1990 to 2010 had a discharge at the Glacier No. 1 gauging station, which contrasted significant influence on the production potential in China. The with the patterns observed at the Zongkong and Empty Cirque total production potential decreased in southern China and gauging stations. There was a clear daily variation in the discharge increased in northern China. Furthermore, the center of growth of at the three gauging stations, with differences in the magnitude and the production potential moved gradually from northeastern China duration of the peak discharge. When precipitation was not to northwestern China. The net decrease in the production considered, the time-lags between the maximum discharge and the potential was 2.97 million tons, which occupied 0.29% of the highest temperature were 1-3 h, 10-16 h, and 5-11 h at the Glacier national total actual production in 2010. Third, obvious differences No. 1, Empty Cirque, and Zongkong gauging stations, respectively. in the production potential in response to farmland changes from When precipitation was taken into consideration, the 1990 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2010 were detected. The net

91 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 increase in the production potential during the first decade was discharge and sediment load of the Yellow River into the Bohai 10.11 million tons and mainly distributed in the Northeast China Sea. To determine the characteristics of abrupt changes and Plain and the arid and semi-arid regions of northern China. The net multi-scale periods of water discharge and sediment load, data decrease in the production potential during the next decade was from Lijin station were analyzed, and the resonance periods were 13.08 million tons and primarily distributed in the middle and then calculated. The Mann-Kendall test, order clustering, power- lower reaches of the Yangtze River region and the Huang- spectrum, and wavelet analysis were used to observe water Huai-Hai Plain. In general, the reason for the increase in the discharge and sediment load into the sea over the last 62 years. production potential during the past two decades might be due to The most significant abrupt change in water discharge into the sea the reclamation of grasslands, woodlands and unused land, and the occurred in 1985, and an abrupt change in sediment load happened reason for the decrease in the production potential might be in the same year. Significant decreases of 64.6% and 73.8% were urbanization that occupied the farmland and Green for Grain observed in water discharge and sediment load, respectively, Project, which returned farmland to forests and grasslands. before 1985. More significant abrupt changes in water discharge Keywords: farmland; production potential; GAEZ model and sediment load were observed in 1968 and 1996. The characteristics of water discharge and sediment load into the Bohai K9 0375-5444-201501000035 Sea show periodic oscillation at inter-annual and decadal scales. Intra-annual variability of satellite observed surface albedo The main periods of water discharge are 9.14 years and 3.05 years, associated with typical land cover types in China. LIU Zhengjia, whereas the main periods of sediment load are 10.67 years, 4.27 SHAO Quanqin, TAO Jian, et al. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, years, and 2.78 years. The significant resonance periods between 25(1): 35–44. In English. water discharge and sediment load are observed at the following Surface albedo is a primary causative variable associated with the temporal scales: 2.86 years, 4.44 years, and 13.33 years. Water process of surface energy exchange. Numerous studies have discharge and sediment load started to decrease after 1970 and has examined diurnal variation of surface albedo at a regional scale; decreased significantly since 1985 for several reasons. Firstly, the however, few studies have analyzed the intra-annual variations of precipitation of the Yellow River drainage area has reduced since surface albedo in concurrence with different land cover types. In 1970. Secondly, large-scale human activities, such as the building this study, we amalgamated surface albedo product data (MCD43) of reservoirs and floodgates, have increased. Thirdly, water and from 2001 to 2008, land-use data (in 2000 and 2008) and land soil conservation have taken effect since 1985. cover data (in 2000); quantitative《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 analyses of surface albedo Keywords: water discharge; sediment load; resonance periods; variation pertaining to diverse land cover types and the effect of abrupt changes; multi-scale periods; Yellow River; Bohai Sea the presence/absence of ground snow were undertaken. Results indicate that intra-annual surface albedo values exhibit flat K9 0375-5444-201501000113 Gaussian or triangular distributions depending upon land cover Progress and prospect of research on forest landscape model. types. During snow-free periods, satellite observed surface albedo DAI Erfu, WU Zhuo, WANG Xiaofan, et al. Acta Geographica associated with the non-growing season was lower than that Sinica, 2015, 25(1): 113–128. In English. associated with the growing season. Satellite observed surface The Forest Landscape Model (FLM) is an efficiency tool of albedo during the presence of ground snow period was 2-4 times quantified expression of forest ecosystem's structure and function. higher than that observed during snow-free periods. Surface This paper, on the basis of identifying FLM, according to the stage albedo reference values in typical land cover types have been of development, summarizes the development characteristics of calculated; notably, grassland, cropland and built-up land were the model, which includes the theoretical foundation of associated with higher surface albedo reference values than barren mathematical model, FLM of stand-scale, primary development of while ground snow was present. Irrespective of land cover types, spatial landscape model, rapid development of ecosystem process the lowest surface albedo reference values were associated with model as the priority, and developing period of structure and forested areas. Proposed reference values may prove extremely process driven by multi-factor. According to the characteristics of useful in diverse research areas, including ecological modeling, different FLMs, this paper classifies the existing FLM in terms of land surface process modeling and radiation energy balance mechanism, property and application, and elaborates the applications. identifications, advantages and disadvantages of different types of Keywords: intra-annual pattern analysis; surface albedo; MODIS; models. It summarizes and evaluates the main application fields of land cover; land-use; snow cover existing models from two aspects which are the changes of spatial pattern and ecological process. Eventually, this paper presents K9 0375-5444-201501000085 FLM's challenges and directions of development in the future, Multi-scale variability of water discharge and sediment load including: (1) more prominent service on the practical strategy of into the Bohai Sea from 1950 to 2011. REN Huiru, LI Guosheng, forest management's objectives; (2) construction of multi-modules CUI Linlin, et al. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 25(1): 85–100. and multi-plugin to satisfy landscape research demand in various In English. conditions; (3) adoption of high resolution's spatial-temporal data; This paper examines the changes in the time series of water (4) structural construction of multi-version module; (5) improving

92 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts the spatial suitability of model application. largest and its expansion was also the most salient. However, the Keywords: Forest Landscape Model (FLM); development stage; floating population has growingly moved into provincial capitals model classification; model application; model development and other big cities in the inland regions and its gravity center has moved northward for around 110 km during the study period. The K9 0375-5444-201502000196 spatial pattern of floating population has been formed jointly by Reconstructing pre-erosion topography using spatial the state and market forces in transitional China and the impacts of interpolation techniques: A validation-based approach. state forces have been surpassed by those of market forces in the Rafaello BERGONSE, Eusébio REIS. Acta Geographica Sinica, country as a whole. The attractiveness of coastal cities and 2015, 25(2): 196–210. In English. counties to the floating population comes mainly from the In this paper, a validation-based method is applied in order to nonagricultural employment opportunities and public services, define the optimal interpolation technique for reconstructing pre- reflecting that long-distance and long-term migrants have moved erosion topography in a given study area. In spite of the absence of coastward not only to gain employment but also to enjoy city life. the original surface, different techniques can be nonetheless By contrast, in the central and western regions, places with a evaluated by quantifying their capacity to reproduce known higher economic development level and at a higher administrative topography in unincised locations within the same geomorphic level are more attractive to floating populations, demonstrating contexts of existing erosive landforms. A linear method that the state remains to play an important role in allocating (Triangulated Irregular Network, TIN) and 23 parameterizations of economic resources and promoting regional development in inland three distinct Spline interpolation techniques were compared using China. As the main body of new urban residents, the floating 50 test areas in a context of research on large gully dynamics in population has contributed substantially to the elevation of the the South of Portugal. Results show that almost all Spline methods urbanization levels of migrant-sending and -receiving places, by produced smaller errors than the TIN, and that the latter produced 20.0% and 49.5% respectively. Compared with extensively a mean absolute error 61.4% higher than the best Spline method, investigated interprovincial migrants, intra-provincial migrants clearly establishing both the better adjustment of Splines to the have higher intention and ability to permanently live in cities and geomorphic context considered and the limitations of linear thus might become the main force of China's urbanization in the approaches. The proposed method can easily be applied to coming decades. The internal migration has also reshaped China's different interpolation techniques and topographic contexts, urban system in terms of its hierarchical organization and spatial enabling better calculations of 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅eroded volumes and denudation structure. rates as well as the investigation of controls by antecedent Keywords: floating population; migration; urbanization; urban topographic form over erosive processes. system; megacity region; census; China Keywords: pre-erosion topography; surface reconstruction; spatial interpolation; spline interpolation; triangulated irregular networks; K9 0375-5444-201501000003 erosive landforms; gully erosion Spatio-temporal characteristics of intra-urban land cover in the cities of China and USA from 1978 to 2010. CHI Wenfeng, K9 0375-5444-201502000236 SHI Wenjiao, KUANG Wenhui. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, Spatial patterns, driving forces, and urbanization effects of 25(1): 3–18. In English. China's internal migration: County-level analysis based on the Urban land cover has major impacts on a city's ecosystem services 2000 and 2010 censuses. LIU Tao, QI Yuanjing, CAO Guang- and the inherent quality of its urban residential environment. The zhong, et al. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 25(2): 236–256. In spatio-temporal distribution of impervious surface area and green English. areas in Chinese cities has exhibited a significantly marked China has witnessed unprecedented urbanization over the past difference in comparison with USA cities. This study focused on decades. The rapid expansion of urban population has been monitoring and comparing the spatio-temporal dynamics, land dominantly contributed by the floating population from rural areas, cover patterns and characteristics of functional regions in six of which the spatiotemporal patterns, driving forces, and Chinese (n=3) and USA (n=3) cities. The study data were collated multidimensional effects are scrutinized and evaluated in this from Landsat TM/MSS imagery during the period 1978-2010. study by using the latest national censuses conducted in 2000 and Results indicate that Chinese cities have developed compactly 2010. Analysis based on the county-level data comes to over the past three decades, while development has been notably conclusions as follows. The spatial pattern of floating population dispersed among USA cities. Mean vegetation coverage in USA has remained stable over the first decade of the new century. The cities is approximately 2.2 times that found amongst Chinese top 1% cities with the largest floating population received 45.5% urban agglomerations. Land use types within Chinese cities are of all migrants in China. As the rapid development of mega-city significantly more complex, with a higher density of impervious regions, the coastal concentration areas of floating population surface area. Conversely, the central business district (CBD) and tended to geographically united as a whole, whereas the spatial residential areas within USA cities were comprised of a lower distribution of migrants within each region varied significantly. proportion of impervious surface area and a higher proportion of The migrant concentration area in the Yangtze River Delta was the green land. Results may be used to contribute to future urban

93 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 planning and administration efforts in both China and the USA. with the measured data from the nearby weather stations in the Keywords: urban structure; impervious surface area; vegetation; lower mountain of Subei, and the correlation coefficient was 0.619 China; USA; remote sensing (P<0.001). However, the precipitation in the high mountain was about 3 times more than that of the lower mountain. The K9 0375-5444-201502000131 precipitation in Laohugou Glacier No. 12 of the western Qilian Start of vegetation growing season on the Tibetan Plateau Mountains corresponded well to the net accumulation of Dunde inferred from multiple methods based on GIMMS and SPOT ice core during the same period, tree-ring reconstructed NDVI data. DING Mingjun, LI Lanhui, ZHANG Yili, et al. Acta precipitation, the measured data of multiple meteorological Geographica Sinica, 2015, 25(2): 131–148. In English. stations in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and also the changes In this study, we have used four methods to investigate the start of of adjacent PDSI drought index. Precipitation changes of the the growing season (SGS) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) from 1982 Laohugou glacier basin and other sites of the northeastern Tibetan to 2012, using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Plateau had significantly positive correlation with ENSO, which data obtained from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping implied that the regional alpine precipitation change was very Studies (GIMSS, 1982-2006) and SPOT VEGETATION likely to be influenced by ENSO. (SPOT-VGT, 1999-2012). SGS values estimated using the four Keywords: alpine precipitation; ice core; Laohugou Glacier No.12; methods show similar spatial patterns along latitudinal or Qilian Mountains altitudinal gradients, but with significant variations in the SGS dates. The largest discrepancies are mainly found in the regions Industrial Technology with the highest or the lowest vegetation coverage. Between 1982 and 1998, the SGS values derived from the four methods all Automation Techniques and Computer Technology display an advancing trend, however, according to the more recent SPOT VGT data (1999-2012), there is no continuously advancing TP3 1000-9000-201501000214 trend of SGS on the TP. Analysis of the correlation between the A Clustering Algorithm for Planning the Integration Process SGS values derived from GIMMS and SPOT between 1999 and of a Large Number of Conceptual Schemas. Carlo Batini, Paola 2006 demonstrates consistency in the tendency with regard both to Bonizzoni, Marco Comerio, et al. Journal of Computer Science the data sources and to the four analysis methods used. Compared and Technology, 2015, 30(1): 214–224. In English. with other methods, the greatest《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 consistency between the in situ When tens and even hundreds of schemas are involved in the data and the SGS values retrieved is obtained with Method 3 integration process, criteria are needed for choosing clusters of (Threshold of NDVI ratio). To avoid error, in a vast region with schemas to be integrated, so as to deal with the integration diverse vegetation types and physical environments, it is critical to problem through an efficient iterative process. Schemas in clusters know the seasonal change characteristics of the different should be chosen according to cohesion and coupling criteria that vegetation types, particularly in areas with sparse grassland or are based on similarities and dissimilarities among schemas. In evergreen forest. this paper, we propose an algorithm for a novel variant of the Keywords: phenology; NDVI; start of vegetation growing season; correlation clustering approach that addresses the problem of method; Tibetan Plateau assisting a designer in integrating a large number of conceptual schemas. The novel variant introduces upper and lower bounds to K9 0375-5444-201502000165 the number of schemas in each cluster, in order to avoid too Variations of the alpine precipitation from an ice core record complex and too simple integration contexts respectively. We give of the Laohugou glacier basin during 1960-2006 in western a heuristic for solving the problem, being an NP hard Qilian Mountains, China. QIN Xiang, CUI Xiaoqing, DU combinatorial problem. An experimental activity demonstrates an Wentao, et al. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 25(2): 165–176. In appreciable increment in the effectiveness of the schema English. integration process when clusters are computed by means of the The net accumulation record of ice core is one of the most reliable proposed algorithm w. r. t. the ones manually defined by an expert. indicators for reconstructing precipitation changes in high Keywords: conceptual schema; schema integration; clustering mountains. A 20.12 m ice core was drilled in 2006 from the accumulation zone of Laohugou Glacier No. 12 in the northeastern TP3 1000-9000-201502000311 Tibetan Plateau, China. We obtained the precipitation from the ice A New ETL Approach Based on Data Virtualization. Shu- core net accumulation during 1960-2006, and found out the Sheng Guo, Zi-Mu Yuan, Ao-Bing Sun, et al. Journal of Computer relationship between Laohugou ice core record and other data Science and Technology, 2015, 30(2): 311–323. In English. from surrounding sites of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Results ETL (Extract-Transform-Load) usually includes three phases: showed that during 1960-2006, the precipitation in the high extraction, transformation, and loading. In building data mountains showed firstly an increasing trend, while during 1980 to warehouse, it plays the role of data injection and is the most 2006 it showed an obvious decreasing trend. Reconstructed time-consuming activity. Thus it is necessary to improve the precipitation change in the Laohugou glacier basin was consistent performance of ETL. In this paper, a new ETL approach, TEL

94 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts (Transform-Extract-Load) is proposed. The TEL approach applies surveys research efforts on PCM memory systems in performance virtual tables to realize the transformation stage before extraction optimization, lifetime improving, and energy saving in detail, stage and loading stage, without data staging area or staging respectively. This paper also compares and summarizes these database which stores raw data extracted from each of the techniques from multiple dimensions. Finally, it concludes these disparate source data systems. The TEL approach reduces the data optimization techniques and discusses possible research directions transmission load, and improves the performance of query from of PCM memory systems in future. access layers. Experimental results based on our proposed Keywords: phase change memory; memory system; performance; benchmarks show that the TEL approach is feasible and practical lifetime; energy Keywords: loud computing; big data; ETL; heterogeneous database; data virtualization TP75 1009-5896-201501000063 A Target Recognition Method Based on Dirichlet Process. TP1 1674-733X-201503032101 Zhang Xiao-qiang, Xiong Bo-li, Kuang Gang-yao. Journal of A privacy-preserving data collection model for digital Electronics & Information Technology, 2015, 37(1): 63–70. In community. LI HongTao, MA JianFeng, FU Shuai. Science China Chinese. Information Sciences, 2015, 58(3): 032101. In English. In order to reserve ship targets and reduce sea clutters as the false The widespread use of mobile devices in digital community has alarms from the SAR Regions Of Interest (ROI) chips, a ship promoted the variety of data collecting methods. However, the discrimination feature named Target Pixel Aggregative Measure privacy of individuals plays an important role in data processing or (TPAM) is proposed in this paper. Benefited from the technology data transmission, and such information should be protected. In of change detection, TPAM using the gray difference in SAR this paper, (α, k)-anonymity model, a widely used privacy- imagery to separate the target pixels and background pixels. Firstly, preserving model, is adopted as a security frame. Then, a based on the assumption that the central pixels of a ROI belong to privacy-preserving data collection model (α, k)-CM based on target pixels while the surrounding pixels fall into sea clutters, a

(α, k)-anonymity is proposed and the threat model is analyzed. To change detection measure based on the likelihood ratio is used to resist the possible attack, we propose a generalization-encryption generate the residual data. Then the target pixels and background method to achieve a desired privacy level in (α, k)-CM. pixels are automatically separated and produce a binary image by Generalization can decrease the data size and save the resource the KSW entropy method. Finally, the center of the binary image might induce information loss in《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 data process; while encryption is used as a seed to implement region growing and TPAM can be can decrease information loss, however, it can cause the waste of obtained to discriminate targets and clutters. Experimental results resource. Generalization-encryption method dynamically encrypts using RADARSAT-1 SAR data show that the propose a portion of the data with maximum information loss and adjusts discrimination feature is not only simple and robust, but also has a the portion to balance the trade-off metric in the process of strong differentiate ability, which can eliminate most of false generalization. Experimental results and theoretical analysis show alarms effectively. that this method is effective in terms of privacy levels and data Keywords: SAR image; Target discrimination; Change detection quality with low resource consumption. based on likelihood ratio; KSW entropy method; Target Pixel Keywords: anonymization; digital community; data collection; Aggregative Measure (TPAM) data privacy; encryption TP3 1000-9000-201502000283 TP3 1000-9000-201501000121 Accelerating Iterative Big Data Computing Through MPI. Fan A Survey of Phase Change Memory Systems. Fei Xia, De-Jun Liang, Xiaoyi Lu. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, Jiang, Jin Xiong, et al. Journal of Computer Science and 2015, 30(2): 283–294. In English. Technology, 2015, 30(1): 121–144. In English. Current popular systems, Hadoop and Spark, cannot achieve As the scaling of applications increases, the demand of main satisfied performance because of the inefficient overlapping of memory capacity increases in order to serve large working set. It is computation and communication when running iterative big data difficult for DRAM (dynamic random access memory) based applications. The pipeline of computing, data movement, and data memory system to satisfy the memory capacity requirement due to management plays a key role for current distributed data its limited scalability and high energy consumption. Compared to computing systems. In this paper, we first analyze the overhead of DRAM, PCM (phase change memory) has better scalability, lower shuffle operation in Hadoop and Spark when running PageRank energy leakage, and non-volatility. PCM memory systems have workload, and then propose an event-driven pipeline and become a hot topic of academic and industrial research. However, in-memory shuffle design with better overlapping of computation PCM technology has the following three drawbacks: long write and communication as DataMPIIteration, an MPI-based library, latency, limited write endurance, and high write energy, which for iterative big data computing. Our performance evaluation raises challenges to its adoption in practice. This paper surveys shows DataMPI-Iteration can achieve 9X-21X speedup over architectural research work to optimize PCM memory systems. Apache Hadoop, and 2X-3X speedup over Apache Spark for First, this paper introduces the background of PCM. Then, it PageRank and K-means.

95 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Keywords: iterative computation; DataMPI; Spark; Hadoop TP3 1000-9000-201501000020 MapReduce Bipartite-Oriented Distributed Graph Partitioning for Big Learning. Rong Chen, Jia-Xin Shi, Hai-Bo Chen, et al. Journal of TP3 1000-9000-201501000097 Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(1): 20–29. In Adapting Memory Hierarchies for Emerging Datacenter English. Interconnects. Tao Jiang, Rui Hou, Jian-Bo Dong, et al. Journal Many machine learning and data mining (MLDM) problems like of Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(1): 97–109. In recommendation, topic modeling, and medical diagnosis can be English. modeled as computing on bipartite graphs. However, most Efficient resource utilization requires that emerging datacenter distributed graph-parallel systems are oblivious to the unique interconnects support both high performance communication and characteristics in such graphs and existing online graph efficient remote resource sharing. These goals require that the partitioning algorithms usually cause excessive replication of network be more tightly coupled with the CPU chips. Designing a vertices as well as significant pressure on network communication. new interconnection technology thus requires considering not only This article identifies the challenges and opportunities of the interconnection itself, but also the design of the processors that partitioning bipartite graphs for distributed MLDM processing and will rely on it. In this paper, we study memory hierarchy proposes BiGraph, a set of bipartite-oriented graph partitioning implications for the design of high-speed datacenter interconnects algorithms. BiGraph leverages observations such as the skewed — particularly as they affect remote memory access — and we use distribution of vertices, discriminated computation load and PCIe as the vehicle for our investigations. To that end, we build imbalanced data sizes between the two subsets of vertices to three complementary platforms: a PCIe-interconnected prototype derive a set of optimal graph partitioning algorithms that result in server with which we measure and analyze current bottlenecks; a minimal vertex replication and network communication. BiGraph software simulator that lets us model microarchitectural and cache has been implemented on PowerGraph and is shown to have a hierarchy changes; and an FPGA prototype system with a performance boost up to 17.75X (from 1.16X) for four typical streamlined switchless customized protocol Thunder with which MLDM algorithms, due to reducing up to 80% vertex replication, we study hardware optimizations outside the processor. We and up to 96% network traffic. highlight several architectural modifications to better support Keywords: bipartite graph; graph partitioning; graph-parallel remote memory access and communication, and quantify their system impact and limitations. 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 Keywords: high-speed interconnect; memory hierarchy; time TP391 1009-5896-201501000123 shared memory; datacenter network by Exploiting Cognitive Capability. Zhang Ya-hong, Li Yu-jian, Zhang Ting. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, TP3 1000-9000-201501000042 2015, 37(1): 123–129. In Chinese. An Efficient and Flexible Deterministic Framework for Many measures, e.g., Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC), are Multithreaded Programs. Kai Lu, Xu Zhou, Xiao-Ping Wang, et presented to identify interesting correlations for pairs of variables, al. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(1): but few for triplets or even for higher dimension variable set. 42–56. In English. Based on that, the Maximal Information Entropy (MIE) is Determinism is very useful to multithreaded programs in proposed for measuring the general correlation of a multivariable debugging, testing, etc. Many deterministic approaches have been data set. For k variables, firstly, the maximal information matrix is proposed, such as deterministic multithreading (DMT) and constructed according to the MIC scores of any pairs of variables; deterministic replay. However, these systems either are inefficient then, maximal information entropy, which measures the or target a single purpose, which is not flexible. In this paper, we correlation degree of the concerned k variables, is calculated based propose an efficient and flexible deterministic framework for on the maximal information matrix. The simulation experimental multithreaded programs. Our framework implements determinism results show that MIE can detect one-dimensional manifold in two steps: relaxed determinism and strong determinism. dependence of triplets. The applications to real datasets further Relaxed determinism solves data races efficiently by using a verify the feasibility of MIE. proper weak memory consistency model. After that, we implement Keywords: Data mining; Multivariable correlation; Maximal strong determinism by solving lock contentions deterministically. Information Coefficient (MIC); Maximal Information Entropy Since we can apply different approaches for these two steps (MIE) independently, our framework provides a spectrum of deterministic choices, including nondeterministic system (fast), TP751.1 1009-5896-201501000078 weak deterministic system (fast and conditionally deterministic), Chirp Sub-bottom Profiling Detailed Detection Method. Wu DMT system, and deterministic replay system. Our evaluation Qian, Zhang Rong, Xu Da-wei. Journal of Electronics & shows that the DMT configuration of this framework could even Information Technology, 2015, 37(1): 78–84. In Chinese. outperform a state-of-the-art DMT system. How to reduce the storage and transmission cost of mass Keywords: determinism; multithreading; framework; flexible hyperspectral data is concerned with growing interest. This paper

96 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts proposes a hyperspectral data compression algorithm using sparse series of cooperative computing techniques of CPEs, such as representation. First, a training sample set is constructed with a multi-pattern data stream transfer, efficient register-level band selection algorithm, and then all hyperspectral bands are communication mechanism, and fast hardware synchronization coded sparsely using a basis function dictionary learned from the technique. These techniques are able to improve on-chip data training set. Finally, the position indices and values of the reuse and optimize memory access performance. This paper non-zero elements are entropy coded to finish the compression. illustrates an implementation of a full system prototype based on Experimental results reveal that the proposal algorithm achieves FPGA with four MPEs and 256 CPEs. Our experimental results better nonlinear approximation performance than 3D-DWT and show that the effect of the cooperative computing techniques of outperforms 3D-SPIHT. Besides, the algorithm has better CPEs is significant, with DGEMM (double-precision matrix performance in spectral information preservation. multiplication) achieving an efficiency of 94%, FFT (fast Fourier Keywords: Image processing; Data compression; Hyperspectral transform) obtaining a performance of 207 GFLOPS and FDTD remote sensing; Sparse representation (finite-difference time-domain) obtaining a performance of 27 GFLOPS. TP3 1674-733X-201503032204 Keywords: heterogeneous many-core processor; data stream Closed-loop subspace identification algorithm based on transfer; register-level communication mechanism; hardware correlation function estimates. WANG Jia, MILLER Daniel, synchronization technique; processor prototype WANG HongWei, et al. Science China Information Sciences, 2015, 58(3): 032204. In English. TP3 1000-9000-201501000084 A novel subspace identification method based on correlation CRAIS: A Crossbar-Based Interconnection Scheme on function which estimates a state-space system dynamics of FPGA for Big Data. Chao Wang, Xi Li, Xue-Hai Zhou. Journal unknown plant operating in closed-loop experimental condition is of Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(1): 84–96. In proposed in this paper. It is shown that the cross-correlation English. function of the output and external input signals are equal to the On-chip interconnection has posed significant challenges in multi- crosscorrelation function of the input and external signals filtered processor system on chip (MPSoC) design paradigm, especially in through the system dynamics since noise signal has no correlation big data era. With respect to the state-of-the-art, crossbar-based with the external input. The proposed algorithm is developed to interconnection methodologies are still efficient for FPGA-based obtain unbiased estimates of《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 system matrices based on small-scale heterogeneous MPSoCs. This paper proposes a time-shifted invariance of the correlation function estimates. Later crossbar-based on-chip interconnection scheme, named CRAIS. the algorithm is compared to other popular subspace methods in CRAIS utilizes reconfigurable crossbar interconnections between the simulation study and the results show the effectiveness of our microprocessors and intellectual property (IP) cores in MPSoC. method in the presence of colored noise and low signal-to-noise The hardware interconnection can be dynamically reconfigured ratios. during execution. Empirical results on FPGA prototype Keywords: subspace identification method; correlation function demonstrate that CRAIS can achieve more than 7X speedup estimates; closed-loop system; asymptotic properties; the system compared with the state-of-the-art StarNet approach, while it only dynamics utilizes 21%-35% hardware resources of StarNet. Keywords: interconnect; big data; crossbar; multiprocessor TP3 1000-9000-201501000145 system on chip Cooperative Computing Techniques for a Deeply Fused and Heterogeneous Many-Core Processor Architecture. Fang Zheng, TP3 1000-9000-201501000003 Hong-Liang Li, Hui Lv, et al. Journal of Computer Science and CUDA-NP: Realizing Nested Thread-Level Parallelism in Technology, 2015, 30(1): 145–162. In English. GPGPU Applications. Yi Yang, Chao Li, Huiyang Zhou. Journal Due to advances in semiconductor techniques, many-core of Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(1): 3–19. In processors have been widely used in high performance computing. English. However, many applications still cannot be carried out efficiently Parallel programs consist of series of code sections with different due to the memory wall, which has become a bottleneck in many- thread-level parallelism (TLP). As a result, it is rather common core processors. In this paper, we present a novel heterogeneous that a thread in a parallel program, such as a GPU kernel in CUDA many-core processor architecture named deeply fused many-core programs, still contains both sequential code and parallel loops. In (DFMC) for high performance computing systems. DFMC order to leverage such parallel loops, the latest NVIDIA Kepler integrates management processing elements (MPEs) and architecture introduces dynamic parallelism, which allows a GPU computing processing elements (CPEs), which are heterogeneous thread to start another GPU kernel, thereby reducing the overhead processor cores for different application features with a unified of launching kernels from a CPU. However, with dynamic ISA (instruction set architecture), a unified execution model, and parallelism, a parent thread can only communicate with its child share-memory that supports cache coherence. The DFMC threads through global memory and the overhead of launching processor can alleviate the memory wall problem by combining a GPU kernels is non-trivial even within GPUs. In this paper, we

97 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 first study a set of GPGPU benchmarks that contain parallel loops, thinking; science; technology; discipline and highlight that these benchmarks do not have a very high loop count or high degree of TLP. Consequently, the benefits of TP391.4 1009-5896-201501000130 leveraging such parallel loops using dynamic parallelism are too Encryption Based on DNA Coding, Codon Grouping and limited to offset its overhead. We then present our proposed Substitution. Jiang Yu-wen, Tan Le-yi, Wang Shou-jue. Journal of solution to exploit nested parallelism in CUDA, referred to as Electronics & Information Technology, 2015, 37(1): 130–136. In CUDA-NP. With CUDA-NP, we initially enable a high number of Chinese. threads when a GPU program starts, and use control flow to In the field of saliency detection, background prior has become a activate different numbers of threads for different code sections. novel viewpoint, but how to identify the real background is We implement our proposed CUDA-NP framework using a challenging. In this paper, a background-identified method is directive-based compiler approach. For a GPU kernel, an proposed based on homology continuity using the extracted application developer only needs to add Open MP-like pragmas background features, and the identified background is applied to for parallelizable code sections. Then, our CUDA-NP compiler the following computation, improving the eventual saliency map automatically generates the optimized GPU kernels. It supports in accuracy as well as correctness. First, the primary saliency of both the reduction and the scan primitives, explores different ways each superpixel produced by Mean Shift (MS) segmentation to distribute parallel loop iterations into threads, and efficiently algorithm is calculated. Second, 4 edges are extracted to generate manages on-chip resource. Our experiments show that for a set of their RGB histograms, and the Euclidean distance between each GPGPU benchmarks, which have already been optimized and two of the histograms is calculated, if the distance is smaller than a contain nested parallelism, our proposed CUDA-NP framework given value, these two edges are defined to be continual and more further improves the performance by up to 6.69 times and 2.01 likely to be the real background. Finally, the pixel's saliency is times on average. calculated using the prior background knowledge to figure the Keywords: GPGPU; nested parallelism; compiler; local memory final saliency map. The results show that the proposed method outperforms other algorithms in accuracy and efficiency. TP3 1674-733X-201503031102 Keywords: Computer vision; Saliency analysis; Background Cyber-physical-social-thinking space based science and continuity; RGB histogram; Super pixel technology framework for the Internet of Things. NING HuanSheng, LIU Hong. Science Ch《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅ina Information Sciences, 2015, TP3 1674-733X-201503032203 58(3): 031102. In English. Error aware multiple vertical planes based visual localization The Internet of Things (IoT) as an emerging network paradigm is for mobile robots in urban environments. LI HaiFeng, WANG bringing the next scientific and technological revolution for HongPeng, LIU JingTai. Science China Information Sciences, ubiquitous things' interactions in cyber-physical-social spaces. The 2015, 58(3): 032203. In English. IoT influences the current science and technology system by A novel error-aware visual localization method is proposed that enabling its relatively stable interrelations for an inevitable archi- utilizes vertical planes, such as vertical building facades in urban tecture reconfiguration. In this paper, we aim to explore an areas as landmarks. Vertical planes, reconstructed from coplanar updated science and technology framework for the IoT. vertical lines, are robust high-level features if compared with point Particularly, a novel cyber-physical-social-thinking (CPST) space features or line features. Firstly, the error models of vertical lines is established by involving an attractive concept of the Internet of and vertical planes are built, where maximum likelihood Thinking (IoTk), and a science and technology framework is estimation (MLE) is employed to estimate all vertical planes from accordingly proposed referring to both scientific aspect (i.e., coplanar vertical lines. Then, the closed-form representation of cyber-physical, social, and noetic sciences) and technological camera location error variance is derived. Finally, the minimum aspect (i.e., fundamental, physical, cyber, and social technologies). variance camera pose estimation is formulated into a convex According to the perspective of the traditional Chinese culture, we optimization problem, and the weight for each vertical plane is explain the established science and technology framework, in obtained by solving this well-studied problem. Experiments are which the "Five Elements" (i.e., wood, fire, earth, metal, and water) carried out and the results show that the proposed localization have common properties with the restructured cyber-physical method has an accuracy of about 2 meters, at par with commercial science in the IoT. Moreover, we introduce a scenario of smart city GPS operating in open environments. to identify the technological aspect in the IoT, and discuss the key Keywords: visual localization; multiple vertical planes; error enabling technologies, including resource management, energy aware; convex optimization; satellite images; urban environment; management, data management, session management, security and mobile robot privacy, loop control, space-time consistency, nanotechnology, and quantum technology. It turns out that the established science and TP1 1674-733X-201503032104 technology framework will launch an innovation for academia and Experimental analyses on phase transitions in compiling industry communities. satisfiability problems. GAO Jian, WANG JiaNan, YIN MingHao. Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT); cyber-physical-social- Science China Information Sciences, 2015, 58(3): 032104. In

98 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts English. topology In the past decade, a kind of well-known phenomena in many complex combinatorial problems such as satisfiability problem, TP3 1000-9000-201502000273 called phase transition, have been widely studied. In this paper, the Fatman: Building Reliable Archival Storage Based on Low- phase transition phenomena are investigated during compiling Cost Volunteer Resources. An Qin, Dian-Ming Hu, Jun Liu, et al. k-satisfiability problems into tractable languages with empirical Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(2): methods. Ordered binary decision diagram and deterministic- 273–282. In English. decomposable negation normal form are selected as the tractable We present Fatman, an enterprise-scale archival storage based on target languages for the compilation. Via intensive experiments, it volunteer contribution resources from underutilized web servers, can be concluded that an easy-hard-easy pattern exists during the usually deployed on thousands of nodes with spare storage compilations, which is only related to the ratio of the number of capacity. Fatman is specifically designed for enhancing the clauses to that of variables if we set k to a fixed value, rather than utilization of existing storage resources and cutting down the to the target languages. Moreover, it can be concluded that the hardware purchase cost. Two major concerned issues of the system space exhausted during the compilations grows exponentially with design are maximizing the resource utilization of volunteer nodes the number of variables growing, whereas there is also a phase without violating service level objectives (SLOs) and minimizing transition separating the polynomial-increment region from the the cost without reducing the availability of archival system. exponential-increment region. Additionally, it can be observed that Fatman has been widely deployed on tens of thousands of server there is a phase transition of prime implicants around peak points nodes across several datacenters, providing more than 100 PB of the easy-hard-easy pattern and the ratios of random instances storage capacity and serving dozens of internal mass-data whose average lengths of prime implicants are larger than the applications. The system realizes an efficient storage quota threshold 0.5 change sharply. From these analyses, it can be consolidation by strong isolation and budget limitation, to concluded that prime implicant length and solution inter- maximally support resource contribution without any degradation changeability are crucial impacts on sizes of compilation results. on host-level SLOs. It novelly improves data reliability by Keywords: phase transition; knowledge compilation; random applying disk failure prediction to minish failure recovery cost, k-SAT; prime implicants; easy-hard-easy patterns named fault-aware data management, dramatically reduces the mean time to repair (MTTR) by 76.3% and decreases file crash TP3 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅1000-9000-201501000074 ratio by 35% on real-life product workload. Exploring Heterogeneous NoC Design Space in Heterogeneous Keywords: volunteer storage; failure prediction; failure recovery; GPU-CPU Architectures. Juan Fang, Zhen-Yu Leng, Si-Tong Liu, reliability; archival storage et al. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(1): 74–83. In English. TP3 1000-9000-201502000295 Computer architecture is transiting from the multicore era into the Global Optimization for Advertisement Selection in Sponsored heterogeneous era in which heterogeneous architectures use Search. Qing Cui, Feng-Shan Bai, Bin Gao, et al. Journal of on-chip networks to access shared resources and how a network is Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(2): 295–310. In configured will likely have a significant impact on overall English. performance and power consumption. Recently, heterogeneous Advertisement (ad) selection plays an important role in sponsored network on chip (NoC) has been proposed not only to achieve search, since it is an upstream component and will heavily performance comparable to that of the NoCs with buffered routers influence the effectiveness of the subsequent auction mechanism. but also to reduce buffer cost and energy consumption. However, However, most existing ad selection methods regard ad selection heterogeneous NoC design for heterogeneous GPU-CPU as a relatively independent module, and only consider the literal or architectures has not been studied in depth. This paper first semantic matching between queries and keywords during the ad evaluates the performance and power consumption of a variety of selection process. In this paper, we argue that this approach is not static hot-potato based heterogeneous NoCs with different globally optimal. Our proposal is to formulate ad selection as such buffered and bufferless router placements, which is helpful to an optimization problem that the selected ads can work together explore the design space for heterogeneous GPU-CPU with downstream components (e.g., the auction mechanism) to interconnection. Then it proposes Unidirectional Flow Control achieve the maximization of user clicks, advertiser social welfare, (UFC), a simple credit-based flow control mechanism for and search engine revenue (we call the combination of these heterogeneous NoC in GPU-CPU architectures to control network objective functions as the marketplace objective for ease of congestion. UFC can guarantee that there are always unoccupied reference). To this end, we 1) extract a bunch of features to entries in buffered routers to receive flits coming from adjacent represent each pair of query and keyword, and 2) train a machine bufferless routers. Our evaluations show that when compared to learning model that maps the features to a binary variable hot-potato routing, UFC improves performance by an average of indicating whether the keyword is selected or not, by maximizing 14.1% with energy increased by an average of 5.3% only. the aforementioned marketplace objective. This formalization Keywords: network on chip; heterogeneous (hybrid) system; seems quite natural; however, it is technically difficult because the

99 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 marketplace objective is non-convex, discontinuous, and collective optimization, hardwareenable reliable end-to-end indifferentiable regarding the model parameter due to the ranking communication, user-level message passing services, etc. Measured and second-price rules in the auction mechanism. To tackle the hardware performance results are also presented. challenge, we propose a probabilistic approximation of the Keywords: Tianhe-2 supercomputer; interconnect network; router marketplace objective, which is smooth and can be effectively architecture; network interface architecture; user-level message optimized by conventional optimization techniques. We test the ad passing selection model learned with our proposed method using the sponsored search log from a commercial search engine. The TP3 1000-9000-201501000110 experimental results show that our method can significantly Improving the Performance and Energy Efficiency of Phase outperform several ad selection algorithms on all the metrics under Change Memory Systems. Qi Wang, Jia-Rui Li, Dong-Hui Wang. investigation. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(1): Keywords: advertisement selection; sponsored search; probability 110–120. In English. model Phase change memory (PCM) is a promising technology for future memory thanks to its better scalability and lower leakage power TP1 1674-733X-201503032202 than DRAM (dynamic random-access memory). However, Height and attitude active disturbance rejection controller adopting PCM as main memory needs to overcome its write issues, design of a small-scale helicopter. TANG Shuai, YANG QiuHui, such as long write latency and high write power. In this paper, we QIAN ShaoKe, et al. Science China Information Sciences, 2015, propose two techniques to improve the performance and 58(3): 032202. In English. energy-efficiency of PCM memory systems. First, we propose a Small-scale helicopters are very attractive because of their unique victim cache technique utilizing the existing buffer in the memory features. However, autonomous flight control for small-scale controller to reduce PCM memory accesses. The key idea is helicopters is still a challenging work because they are naturally reorganizing the buffer into a victim cache structure (RBC) to unstable, strongly nonlinear, and sensitive to disturbances. In this provide additional hits for the LLC (last level cache). Second, we paper, we focus on the design of a height and attitude active propose a chip parallelism-aware replacement policy (CPAR) for disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) for a small-scale the victim cache to further improve performance. Instead of helicopter constructed in our lab. Firstly, a comprehensive evicting one cache line once, CPAR evicts multiple cache lines nonlinear model for the platform《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 is presented, which is obtained that access different PCM chips. CPAR can reduce the frequent through first principles modeling and system identification. The victim cache eviction and improve the write parallelism of PCM controller is designed using backstepping technique incorporated chips. The evaluation results show that, compared with the with extended state observer (ESO), which is used to estimate the baseline, RBC can improve PCM memory system performance by unknown disturbances. Then, the estimate is introduced into the up to 9.4% and 5.4% on average. Combing CPAR with RBC control law to compensate for the disturbances. The design (RBC+CPAR) can improve performance by up to 19.0% and specifications of military rotorcraft are introduced to guide the 12.1% on average. Moreover, RBC and RBC+CPAR can reduce controller design to achieve specified control performance. memory energy consumption by 8.3% and 6.6% on average, Considering the physical limitations, reference models are designed respectively. to shape the desired control responses. At last, several flight Keywords: phase change memory systems; performance; energy simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness and efficiency robustness of the proposed controller. The results show that the proposed controller works well and Level 1 performance can be TP1 1674-733X-201503032106 achieved. Learning online structural appearance model for robust object Keywords: small-scale helicopter; active disturbance rejection tracking. YANG Min, PEI MingTao, WU YuWei, et al. Science control (ADRC); extended state observer (ES-O); backstepping; China Information Sciences, 2015, 58(3): 032106. In English. disturbance compensation The main challenge of robust object tracking comes from the difficulty in designing an adaptive appearance model that is able to TP3 1000-9000-201502000259 accommodate appearance variations. Existing tracking algorithms High Performance Interconnect Network for Tianhe System. often perform self-updating of the appearance model with Xiang-Ke Liao, Zheng-Bin Pang, Ke-Fei Wang, et al. Journal of examples from recent tracking results to account for appearance Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(2): 259–272. In changes. However, slight inaccuracy of tracking results can English. degrade the appearance model. In this paper, we propose a robust In this paper, we present the Tianhe-2 interconnect network and tracking method by evaluating an online structural appearance message passing services. We describe the architecture of the model based on local sparse coding and online metric learning. router and network interface chips, and highlight a set of hardware Our appearance model employs pooling of structural features over and software features effectively supporting high performance the local sparse codes of an object region to obtain a middle-level communications, ranging over remote direct memory access, object representation. Tracking is then formulated by seeking for

100 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts the most similar candidate within a Bayesian inference framework based on the fiber bundle theory. GUO Xian, MA ShuGen, LI where the distance metric for similarity measurement is learned in Bin, et al. Science China Information Sciences, 2015, 58(3): an online manner to match the varying object appearance. Both 032205. In English. qualitative and quantitative evaluations on various challenging For the snake-like robot with passive wheels, the side constraint image sequences demonstrate that the proposed algorithm force provides the required thrust which is less than the maximum outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. static friction. Minimizing the side constraint force can reduce Keywords: object tracking; structural appearance model; sparse possibility of skidding which is important to ensure stable and representation; online metric learning efficient motion of the robot. In this paper we model the snakelike robot based on the fiber bundle theory. This method can reduce the TP1 1674-733X-201503032201 complexity of the dynamics and derive the exact analytical Macro liveness graph and liveness of ω -independent solution for the side constraint force which is linear to the unbounded nets. WANG ShouGuang, GAN MengDi, ZHOU redundant torque. Using the linear relation, we can derive directly MengChu. Science China Information Sciences, 2015, 58(3): the optimal torque by minimizing the side constraint force. 032201. In English. Additionally the nonholonomic constraint can be used for Liveness is a basic property of a system and the liveness issue of constructing the connection of the fiber bundle. Using the unbounded Petri nets remains one of the most difficult problems in connection, we can select the gait of the snake-like robot. The this field. This work proposes a novel method to decide the position and orientation of the head can be described in terms of liveness of a class of unbounded generalized Petri nets called ω- the special Euclidean group SE (2) which is also the structure independent unbounded nets, breaking the existing limits to group of the fiber bundle. Using the symmetry of the structure one-place-unbounded nets. An algorithm to construct a macro group, we can reduce the dynamics equations and derive the liveness graph (MLG) is developed and a critical condition based analytical solution for the side constraint force. Kinematics and on MLG deciding the liveness of ω-independent unbounded nets is dynamics simulations validate the proposed methods. proposed. Examples are provided to demonstrate its effectiveness. Keywords: snake-like robot; redundant torque; fiber bundle Keywords: discrete event system (DES); Petri nets; complex theory; nonholonomic; optimal controls systems; liveness; property analysis TP1 1674-733X-201503032102 TP1 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 1674-733X-201503032103 Optimizing random write performance of FAST FTL for Mlock: building delegable metadata service for the parallel file NAND flash memory. GUO XuFeng, WANG YuPing. Science systems. ZHANG Quan, FENG Dan, WANG Fang, et al. Science China Information Sciences, 2015, 58(3): 032102. In English. China Information Sciences, 2015, 58(3): 032103. In English. The NAND flash memory has gained its popularity as a storage The ever-growing demand for high performance computation calls device for consumer electronics due to its higher performance and for progressively larger parallel distributed file systems to match lower power consumption. In most of these devices, an FTL (Flash their requirement. These file systems can achieve high Translation Layer) is adopted to emulate a block device interface performance for large I/O operations through distributing load to support the conventional disk-based file systems that make the across numerous data servers. However, they fail to provide flash management much easier. Among various FTLs, the FAST quality service for applications pertaining to small files. In this (Fully-Associative Sector Translation) FTL has shown superior paper, we propose a delegable metadata service (DMS) for hiding performance, becoming one of the state-of-the-art approaches. latency of metadata accesses and optimizing small-file However, the FAST FTL performs poorly while dealing with a performance. In addition, four techniques have been designed to huge number of small-sized random writes brought by upper maintain consistency and efficiency in DMS: pre-allocate serial applications such as database transaction processing workloads. metahandles, directory-based metadata replacement, packing The two important reasons are the absence of efficient selection transaction operations and fine-grained lock revocation. These schemes for the reclaiming of random log blocks that leads to schemes have been employed in Cappella parallel distributed file large overhead of full merges, and the sequential log block scheme system, and various experiments complying with industrial which no longer applies to random writes due to the large costs of standards have been conducted for evaluation of its efficiency. The partial merges. To overcome the above two defects in the presence results show that our design has achieved significant improvement of random writes, two techniques have been proposed. The first in performance of both metadata operations and small-file access. technique reduced full merge costs by adopting a novel random Moreover, this scheme is widely applicable for integration within log block selection algorithm, based on the block associativity and many other distributed file systems. the relevant-valid-page-amount of random log blocks as the key Keywords: delegable metadata service; metadata performance; block selection criterion. The second technique replaced the consistency; small file; parallel file system sequential log block with a random log block to eliminate the overhead of partial merges. Experimental results showed that our TP1 1674-733X-201503032205 optimizations can outperform FAST FTL significantly in three Modeling and optimal torque control of a snake-like robot aspects: erase counts, page migration amount, and response time.

101 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 The maximum improvement level in these cases could reach up to Gateway Protocol (BGP) /Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 66.8%, 98.2%, and 51.0%, respectively. Virtual Private Network (VPN) scenario. Keywords: flash; flash translation layer; random write; Keywords: service provisioning; inter-domain; QoS; service performance optimization; FAST FTL composition

TP1 1674-733X-201503032107 TP3 1000-9000-201502000364 Probabilistic modeling of scenes using object frames. SU Hao, Raw Trajectory Recti cation via Scene-Free Splitting and YU Adams Wei. Science China Information Sciences, 2015, 58(3): Stitching. Chun-Chao Guo, Xiao-Jun Hu Jian-Huang Lai, Shi- 032107. In English. Chang Shi, et al. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, In this paper, we propose a probabilistic scene model using object 2015, 30(2): 364–372. In English. frames, each of which is a group of co-occurring objects with Trajectories carry rich motion cues and thus have been leveraged fixed spatial relations. In contrast to standard co-occurrence to many high-level computer vision tasks. Due to the easy models, which mostly explore the pairwise co-existence of objects, implementation of simple trackers, most previous work on the proposed model captures the spatial relationship among groups trajectory-based applications utilizes raw tracking outputs without of objects. Such information is closely tied to the semantics of the explicitly considering tracking errors. Reliable trajectories are underlying scenes, which allows us to perform object detection prerequisite for modeling and recognizing high-level behaviors. and scene recognition in a unified framework. The proposed Therefore, this paper tackles such problems by rectifying raw probabilistic model has two major components. The first models trajectories, which aims to post-process existing trajectories. Our the dependencies between object frames and objects by adopting approach firstly splits them into short tracks, and then infers the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model for text analysis. The second identity ambiguity to remove unquali ed detection responses. At component characterizes the dependencies between object frames last, short tracks are stitched via maximum bipartite graph and scenes by establishing a mapping between global image matching. This post-processing is completely scene-free. Results features and object frame distributions. Experimental results show of trajectory recti cation and their bene ts are both evaluated on that the induced object frames are both semantically meaningful two challenging datasets. Results demonstrate that recti ed and spatially consistent. In addition, our model significantly trajectories are conducive to high-level tasks and the proposed improves the performance of object recognition and scene approach is also competitive with state-of-the-art multi-target retrieval. 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅tracking methods. Keywords: Bayes network; scene understanding; object frame; Keywords: raw trajectory recti cation; trajectory post-processing; probabilistic model identity ambiguity; multi-target tracking; activity classi cation

TP3 1000-9000-201502000404 TP3 1000-9000-201502000227 Provisioning of Inter-Domain QoS-Aware Services. Fernando Reevaluating Data Stall Time with the Consideration of Data Matos, Alexandre Matos, Paulo Simões, et al. Journal of Computer Access Concurrency. Yu-Hang Liu, Xian-He Sun. Journal of Science and Technology, 2015, 30(2): 404–420. In English. Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(2): 227–245. In Cooperation among service providers, network providers, and English. access providers in the Internet allows the creation of new services Data access delay has become the prominent performance to offer to customers that are in other domains, thus increasing bottleneck of high-end computing systems. The key to reducing revenue. However, the Internet heterogeneous environment, where data access delay in system design is to diminish data stall time. each provider has its own policies, infrastructure and business Memory locality and concurrency are the two essential factors goals, hinders the deployment of more advanced communication influencing the performance of modern memory systems. However, services. This paper presents a Quality of Service (QoS) for existing studies in reducing data stall time rarely focus on utilizing Inter-Domain Services (QIDS) model that allows inter-domain data access concurrency because the impact of memory QoS-aware services to be defined, configured, and adapted in a concurrency on overall memory system performance is not well dynamic and on-demand fashion, among service providers. This is understood. In this study, a pair of novel data stall time models, the accomplished by: 1) the use of a common communication channel L-C model for the combined effort of locality and concurrency and (business layer) where service providers publish and search for the P-M model for the effect of pure miss on data stall time, are services, and interact with each other to contract and manage these presented. The models provide a new understanding of data access services; 2) the templates to specify the business and technical delay and provide new directions for performance optimization. characteristics of the services; 3) the automatic composition of Based on these new models, a summary table of advanced cache services using service elements (smaller services) according to optimizations is presented. It has 38 entries contributed by data performance and service-specific QoS parameters; and 4) the concurrency while only has 21 entries contributed by data locality, creation and enforcement of configuration rules for the underlying which shows the value of data concurrency. The L-C and P-M infrastructure. A prototype was implemented to validate QIDS and models and their associated results and opportunities introduced in performance tests were conducted on an inter-domain Border this study are important and necessary for future data-centric

102 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts architecture and algorithm design of modern computing systems. proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art supervised and Keywords: memory wall; data stall time; memory concurrency; unsupervised baseline methods significantly. concurrent average memory access time (C-AMAT) Keywords: authorship attribution; supervised learning; similarity space TP3 1000-9000-201502000391 Register Clustering Methodology for Low Power Clock Tree TP3 1000-9000-201502000340 Synthesis. Chao Deng, Yi-Ci Cai, Qiang Zhou. Journal of Computer RGB-D Hand-Held Object Recognition Based on Science and Technology, 2015, 30(2): 391–403. In English. Heterogeneous Feature Fusion. Xiong Lv, Shu-Qiang Jiang, Luis Clock networks dissipate a significant fraction of the entire chip Herranz, et al. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2015, power budget. Therefore, the optimization for power consumption 30(2): 340–352. In English. of clock networks has become one of the most important Object recognition has many applications in human-machine objectives in high performance IC designs. In contrast to most of interaction and multimedia retrieval. However, due to large the traditional studies that handle this problem with clock routing intra-class variability and inter-class similarity, accurate or buffer insertion strategy, this paper proposes a novel register recognition relying only on RGB data is still a big challenge. clustering methodology in generating the leaf level topology of the Recently, with the emergence of inexpensive RGB-D devices, this clock tree to reduce the power consumption. Three register challenge can be better addressed by leveraging additional depth clustering algorithms called KMR, KSR and GSR are developed information. A very special yet important case of object and a comprehensive study of them is discussed in this paper. recognition is hand-held object recognition, as manipulating Meanwhile, a buffer allocation algorithm is proposed to satisfy the objects with hands is common and intuitive in human-human and slew constraint within the clusters at a minimum cost of power human-machine interactions. In this paper, we study this problem consumption. We integrate our algorithms into a classical clock and introduce an effective framework to address it. This tree synthesis (CTS) flow to test the register clustering framework first detects and segments the hand-held object by methodology on ISPD 2010 benchmark circuits. Experimental exploiting skeleton information combined with depth information. results show that all the three register clustering algorithms In the object recognition stage, this work exploits heterogeneous achieve more than 20% reduction in power consumption without features extracted from different modalities and fuses them to affecting the skew and the maximum latency of the clock tree. As improve the recognition accuracy. In particular, we incorporate the most effective method among《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 the three algorithms, GSR handcrafted and deep learned features and study several multi-step algorithm achieves a 31% reduction in power consumption as well fusion variants. Experimental evaluations validate the as a 4% reduction in skew and a 5% reduction in maximum effectiveness of the proposed method. latency. Moreover, the total runtime of the CTS flow with our Keywords: RGB-D; hand-held object recognition; heterogeneous register clustering algorithms is significantly reduced by almost an features fusion order of magnitude. Keywords: low power; register clustering; clock tree synthesis TP3 1000-9000-201502000353 Robust Video Text Detection with Morphological Filtering TP3 1000-9000-201501000200 Enhanced MSER. Yun-Zhi Zhuge, Hu-Chuan Lu. Journal of Review Authorship Attribution in a Similarity Space. Tie-Yun Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(2): 353–363. In Qian, Bing Liu, Qing Li, et al. Journal of Computer Science and English. Technology, 2015, 30(1): 200–213. In English. Video text detection is a challenging problem, since video image Authorship attribution, also known as authorship classification, is background is generally complex and its subtitles often have the the problem of identifying the authors (reviewers) of a set of problems of color bleeding, fuzzy boundaries and low contrast due documents (reviews). The common approach is to build a to video lossy compression and low resolution. In this paper, we classifier using supervised learning. This approach has several propose a robust framework to solve these problems. Firstly, we issues which hurts its applicability. First, supervised learning exploit gradient amplitude map (GAM) to enhance the edge of an needs a large set of documents from each author to serve as the input image, which can overcome the problems of color bleeding training data. This can be difficult in practice. For example, in the and fuzzy boundaries. Secondly, a two-direction morphological online review domain, most reviewers (authors) only write a few filtering is developed to filter background noise and enhance the reviews, which are not enough to serve as the training data. contrast between background and text. Thirdly, maximally stable Second, the learned classifier cannot be applied to authors whose extremal region (MSER) is applied to detect text regions with two documents have not been used in training. In this article, we extreme colors, and we use the mean intensity of the regions as the propose a novel solution to deal with the two problems. The core graph cuts' label set, and the Euclidean distance of three channels idea is that instead of learning in the original document space, we in HSI color space as the graph cuts smooth term, to get optimal transform it to a similarity space. In the similarity space, the segmentations. Finally, we group them into text lines using the learning is able to naturally tackle the issues. Our experiment geometric characteristics of the text, and then corner detection, results based on online reviews and reviewers show that the multi-frame veri cation, and some heuristic rules are used to

103 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 eliminate non-text regions. We test our scheme with some time, and allows tenants to control the trade-off between challenging videos, and the results prove that our text detection application performance and placement cost. Extensive simulation framework is more robust than previous methods. results confirm the efficiency of MIPA in resource utilization and Keywords: text detection; gradient amplitude map; morphological the flexibility of SAPA in controlling trade-offs. filtering; maximally stable extremal region; graph cuts Keywords: resource allocation; virtual network embedding; opportunistic resource sharing TP751.1 1009-5896-201501000071 Saliency Detected Model Based on Selective Edges Prior. Qu TP3 1000-9000-201501000184 Chang-wen, Xu Zhou, Chen Tian-le. Journal of Electronics & Social In uence Study in Online Networks: A Three-Level Information Technology, 2015, 37(1): 71–77. In Chinese. Review. Hui Li, Jiang-Tao Cui, Jian-Feng Ma. Journal of Computer From the SAR imaging model, combining the scattering center Science and Technology, 2015, 30(1): 184–199. In English. theory, this paper estimates scattering centers of high resolution Social network analysis (SNA) views social relationships in terms image from the low resolution image under the conditions of of network theory consisting of nodes and ties. Nodes are the sparse. The Region Of Interesting (ROI) can be reconstructed by individual actors within the networks; ties are the relationships several sinc functions and the super resolution section is obtained between the actors. In the sequel, we will use the term node and after side lobe suppression. Based on the Nonlinear Least Squares individual interchangeably. The relationship could be friendship, (NLS) estimation, an iterative algorithm is employed to solve the communication, trust, etc. These reason is that these relationships super resolution reconstruction problem and the simulations are and ties are driven by social in uence, which is the most important based on TerraSAR-X measurement data. Simulation results show phenomenon that distinguishes social network from other that the proposed method is able to get higher spatial resolution networks. In this paper, we present an overview of the and Target to Clutter Ratio (TCR) values as compared with bicubic representative research work in social in uence study. Those interpolation and 1 norm regularization method. The analysis studies can be classi ed into three levels, namely individual, results show that the accuracy of the algorithm is affected by both community, and network levels. Throughout the study, we are able the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and the rebuilding 3 dB to unveil a series of research directions in future and possible bandwidth of sinc function, the higher 3 dB bandwidth tends to be applications based on the state-of-the-art study. more robust to noise. Keywords: social network analysis; review; social in uence; Keywords: SAR; Super resolution《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 reconstruction; Sparse individual; community representation; Nonlinear Least Squares (NLS) estimation; Robust TP3 1674-733X-201503038101 TP3 1000-9000-201502000421 Software testing evolution process model and growth of Service-Oriented Resource Allocation in Clouds: Pursuing software testing quality. HE ZhiTao, LIU Chao, YAN HaiHua. Flexibility and Efficiency. Sheng Zhang, Zhu-Zhong Qian, Jie Science China Information Sciences, 2015, 58(3): 038101. In Wu, et al. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2015, English. 30(2): 421–436. In English. The paper is based on the research on a formal definition of The networking-oblivious resource reservation model in today's software testing, with reference to organisms evolution's public clouds cannot guarantee the performance of tenants' heredity/variation and adaptive dynamics equation. The formal applications. Virtual networks that capture both computing and descriptions on the heredity/variation in test versions and the networking resource requirements of tenants have been proposed driving force of software testing evolution were established and as better interfaces between cloud providers and tenants. In this then a Software Testing Evolution Process Model (STEPM) was paper, we propose a novel virtual network model that could obtained. Based on the model, the key factors of software testing specify not only absolute and relative location requirements but quality were identified and a Software Testing Quality Framework also time-varying resource demands. Building on top of our model, (STQF) was purposed. A series of formal models obtained in the we study how to efficiently and flexibly place multiple virtual paper open up new research field in software engineering with networks in a cloud, and we propose two algorithms, MIPA and wide development foreground and are expected to promote studies SAPA, which focus on optimizing resource utilization and on the dependability of software testing, provide ways to evaluate providing flexible placement, respectively. The mixed integer software testing quality and establish formal basis for fully programming based MIPA transforms the placement problem into automated testing conducted by programs. the multi-commodity flow problem through augmenting the Keywords: software testing; software testing quality; the physical network with shadow nodes and links. The simulated dependability of software testing; the formal definition of software annealing-based SAPA achieves resource utilization efficiency testing; software testing evolution process model; software testing through opportunistically sharing physical resources among quality framework multiple resource demands. Besides, SAPA allows cloud providers to control the trade-offs between performance guarantee and TP3 1000-9000-201502000252 resource utilization, and between allocation optimality and running Software-De ned Cluster. Hua Nie, Xiao-Jun Yang, Tao-Ying Liu.

104 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(2): applications demand and consequently lead to the developments of 252–258. In English. diverse large-scale data management systems in different The cluster architecture has played an important role in high-end organizations, ranging from traditional database vendors to new computing for the past 20 years. With the advent of Internet services, emerging Internet-based enterprises. In this survey, we investigate, big data, and cloud computing, traditional clusters face three characterize, and analyze the large-scale data management systems challenges: 1) providing flexible system balance among computing, in depth and develop comprehensive taxonomies for various memory, and I/O capabilities; 2) reducing resource pooling critical aspects covering the data model, the system architecture, overheads; and 3) addressing low performance-power efficiency. and the consistency model. We map the prevailing highly scalable This position paper proposes a software-defined cluster (SDC) data management systems to the proposed taxonomies, not only to architecture to deal with these challenges. The SDC architecture classify the common techniques but also to provide a basis for inherits two features of traditional cluster: its architecture is analyzing current system scalability limitations. To overcome multicomputer and it has loosely-coupled interconnect. SDC these limitations, we predicate and highlight the possible provides two new mechanisms: global I/O space (GIO) and principles that future efforts need to be undertaken for the next hardware-supported native access (HNA) to remote devices. generation large-scale data management systems. Application software can define a virtual cluster best suited to its Keywords: data model; system architecture; consistency model; needs from resources pools provided by a physical cluster, and scalability traditional cluster ecosystems need no modification. We also discuss a prototype design and implementation of a 32-processor TP3 1000-9000-201501000057 cloud server utilizing the SDC architecture. System-Enforced Deterministic Streaming for Efficient Keywords: software-defined cluster; global I/O space; hardware- Pipeline Parallelism. Yu Zhang, Zhao-Peng Li, Hui-Fang Cao. supported native access Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(1): 57–73. In English. TP3 1000-9000-201502000373 Pipeline parallelism is a popular parallel programming pattern for SRAM-Based FPGA Systems for Safety-Critical Applications: emerging applications. However, programming pipelines directly A Survey on Design Standards and Proposed Methodologies. on conventional multithreaded shared memory is difficult and Cinzia Bernardeschi, Luca Cassano, Andrea Domenici. Journal of error-prone. We present DStream, a C library that provides high- Computer Science and Technology,《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 2015, 30(2): 373–390. In level abstractions of deterministic threads and streams for simply English. representing pipeline stage workers and their communications. As the ASIC design cost becomes affordable only for very The deterministic stream is established atop our proposed large-scale productions, the FPGA technology is currently single-producer/multi-consumer (SPMC) virtual memory, which becoming the leading technology for those applications that integrates synchronization with the virtual memory model to require a small-scale production. FPGAs can be considered as a enforce determinism on shared memory accesses. We investigate technology crossing between hardware and software. Only a various strategies on how to efficiently implement DStream atop small-number of standards for the design of safety-critical systems the SPMC memory, so that an infinite sequence of data items can give guidelines and recommendations that take the peculiarities of be asynchronously published (fixed) and asynchronously the FPGA technology into consideration. The main contribution of consumed in order among adjacent stage workers. We have this paper is an overview of the existing design standards that successfully transformed two representative pipeline applications - regulate the design and verification of FPGA-based systems in ferret and dedup using DStream, and conclude conversion rules. safety-critical application fields. Moreover, the paper proposes a An empirical evaluation shows that the converted ferret performed survey of significant published research proposals and existing on par with its Pthreads and TBB counterparts in term of running industrial guidelines about the topic, and collects and reports about time, while the converted dedup is close to 2.56X, 7.05X faster some lessons learned from industrial and research projects than the Pthreads counterpart and 1.06X, 3.9X faster than the TBB involving the use of FPGA devices. counterpart on 16 and 32 CPUs, respectively. Keywords: design verification; electronic design; safety-critical Keywords: deterministic parallelism; pipeline parallelism; single- system; SRAM-based FPGA producer/multi-consumer; virtual memory

TP3 1000-9000-201501000163 TP3 1000-9000-201502000246 Survey of Large-Scale Data Management Systems for Big Data Tencent and Facebook Data Validate Metcalfe's Law. Xing- Applications. Lengdong Wu, Liyan Yuan, Jiahuai You. Journal of Zhou Zhang, Jing-Jie Liu, Zhi-Wei Xu. Journal of Computer Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(1): 163–183. In English. Science and Technology, 2015, 30(2): 246–251. In English. Today, data is flowing into various organizations at an In 1980s, Robert Metcalfe, the inventor of Ethernet, proposed a unprecedented scale. The ability to scale out for processing an formulation of network value in terms of the network size (the enhanced workload has become an important factor for the number of nodes of the network), which was later named as proliferation and popularization of database systems. Big data Metcalfe's law. The law states that the value V of a network is

105 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 proportional to the square of the size n of the network, i.e., V∝n2. optimizations to tackle these problems. The first one is the Metcalfe's law has been influential and an embodiment of the slice-and-merge strategy, which reduces the cache miss rate of the network effect concept. It also generated many controversies. sort procedure. The second optimization is direct-memory-access, Some scholars went so far as to state "Metcalfe's law is wrong" which reforms the data structure used in key/value storage. These and "dangerous". Some other laws have been proposed, including optimizations are evaluated with both micro-benchmarks and the Sarnoff's law (V∝n), Odlyzko's law (V∝n log (n) ), and Reed's real-world benchmark HiBench. The results of our law (V∝n2). Despite these arguments, for 30 years, no evidence micro-benchmarks clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our based on real data was available for or against Metcalfe's law. The optimizations in terms of hardware event counts; and the situation was changed in late 2013, when Metcalfe himself used additional results of HiBench show the 1.21X average speedup on Facebook's data over the past 10 years to show a good fit for the application-level. Both results illustrate that careful Metcalfe's law. In this paper, we expand Metcalfe's results by hardware/software co-design will improve the memory efficiency utilizing the actual data of Tencent (China's largest social network of big data processing. Our work has already been integrated into company) and Facebook (the world's largest social network Intel distribution for Apache Hadoop. company). Our results show that: 1) of the four laws of network Keywords: big data; key/value pair; architecture awareness; effect, Metcalfe's law by far fits the actual data the best; 2) both performance measurement Tencent and Facebook data fit Metcalfe's law quite well; 3) the costs of Tencent and Facebook are proportional to the squares of TP3 1000-9000-201502000325 their network sizes, not linear; and 4) the growth trends of Tencent VFM: Visual Feedback Model for Robust Object Recognition. and Facebook monthly active users fit the netoid function well. Chong Wang, Kai-Qi Huang. Journal of Computer Science and Keywords: network effect; Metcalfe's law; cost; netoid function Technology, 2015, 30(2): 325–339. In English. Object recognition, which consists of classification and detection, TP1 1674-733X-201503032105 has two important attributes for robustness: 1) closeness: detection The DBlock family of block ciphers. WU WenLing, ZHANG Lei, windows should be as close to object locations as possible, and 2) YU XiaoLi. Science China Information Sciences, 2015, 58(3): adaptiveness: object matching should be adaptive to object 032105. In English. variations within an object class. It is difficult to satisfy both In this paper, we propose a new family of block ciphers named attributes using traditional methods which consider classification DBlock. It consists of three variants《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 which are specified as and detection separately; thus recent studies propose to combine DBlock-128, DBlock-192, and DBlock-256, respectively. them based on confidence contextualization and foreground DBlock-n has the equal n-bit block length and key length. The modeling. However, these combinations neglect feature saliency structure of DBlock successfully combines the advantages of and object structure, and biological evidence suggests that the Feistel and Type-2 generalized Feistel structures together. Also, its feature saliency and object structure can be important in guiding design of round function employs different linear transforms the recognition from low level to high level. In fact, object operating on various word-sizes, which efficiently improve the recognition originates in the mechanism of "what" and "where" diffusion effect. For key schedule of DBlock, it basically employs pathways in human visual systems. More importantly, these the same module used in encryption, except the choice of different pathways have feedback to each other and exchange useful byte permutations, which can improve its suitability for various information, which may improve closeness and adaptiveness. implementation environments and also enhance its security against Inspired by the visual feedback, we propose a robust object many cryptanalytic techniques. Our preliminary evaluation shows recognition framework by designing a computational visual that DBlock can achieve enough security margin against known feedback model (VFM) between classification and detection. In attacks, and it can also obtain excellent performances on various the "what" feedback, the feature saliency from classification is software and hardware platforms. exploited to rectify detection windows for better closeness; while Keywords: block cipher; structure; round function; key in the "where" feedback, object parts from detection are used to scheduling; security; performance match object structure for better adaptiveness. Experimental results show that the "what" and "where" feedback is effective to TP3 1000-9000-201501000030 improve closeness and adaptiveness for object recognition, and Using Memory in the Right Way to Accelerate Big Data encouraging improvements are obtained on the challenging Processing. Dong Yan, Xu-Sen Yin, Cheng Lian, et al. Journal of PASCAL VOC 2007 dataset. Computer Science and Technology, 2015, 30(1): 30–41. In English. Keywords: object recognition; object classification; object Big data processing is becoming a standout part of data center detection; visual feedback computation. However, latest research has indicated that big data workloads cannot make full use of modern memory systems. We Chemical Industry find that the dramatic inefficiency of the big data processing is from the enormous amount of cache misses and stalls of the TQ91; R284.2 1003-5214-201501000064 depended memory accesses. In this paper, we introduce two Antioxidant Capacity and Extraction Technique of Polyphenol

106 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts from the Leaf of Azadirachta indica. WANG You-qiong, MA Labilecrosslinked polymer microspheres KFW were prepared by Li-yi, ZHANG Zhong-quan, et al. Fine Chemicals, 2015, 32(1): inverse suspension polymerization using acrylamide (AM), 64–68. In Chinese. 2-methyl-2-acrylic amide propylsulfonic acid (AMPS), and alpha Polyphenol content from neem leaf was measured at 750 nm methyl styrene (HM) as monomers. The synthesis conditions were wavelength with gallic acid as standard by the using Folin- as follows:monomer was 25%, m (AM) :m (AMPS) :m (HM) was Ciocalteu method. The extraction conditions of total polyphenol 20:5:0.2, V (oil) :V (water) was 1.2:1, crosslinker J-1 was 3.8%, from the neem leaf were optimized by solvent refluxing method. emulsifier was 7%, and temperature was 40℃. The structure of The interactions between the variables, and three response variables KFW was confirmed by Infrared spectroscopy. Decomposition such as extract temperature, time and ethanol concentration experiment shows that, in water dispersion system, the viscosity affected on the extraction of polyphenol from neem leaf were decreased as the mass fraction of salt increased, though within a investigated by the single factor experiment and response surface certain quantity of Ca2+. The decomposition time of KFW method. And the extraction process was optimized. Moreover, shortened and the viscosity increased with the temperature antioxidant activity of polyphenol in leaves of neem was evaluated increasing. The decomposition time of KFW was extended when by in vitro. Experimental results show: (1) the optimum extraction the dosage of crosslinker J-1 increased. In the oil dispersion conditions of polyphenol from the neem leaf were temperature 77 system, KFW has little thickening action in oil phase. SEM results ℃ extraction time 80 min and ethanol concentration 50%; (2) the show that the decomposition process of KFW is from swelling to influence order of response variables was extraction temperature, dissolving. Double parallel sand filling tube results show that the extraction time, ethanol concentration; (3) the average extract ratio KFW is characterized with both profile control and oil of polyphenol in the neem leaf was 3.12%; (4) under the same displacement which can effectively improve the formation concentration, the antioxidant activity of polyphenol extracted heterogeneity, enlarge sweep volume and improve oil recovery. from neem leaf was stronger than that of Vc, and the IC50 values Keywords: crosslinked polymer microspheres; inverse suspension of phenolics scavenging activity on DPPH was approximately 4.6 polymerization; performance of decomposition; enhanced oil mg/L. It was less than that of Vc which was approximately 9.8 recovery; oil-field chemicals and petroleum additives mg/L. (5) the 23 mg/L of IC50 values of neem leaf phenolics scavenging activity on·OH was less than that of Vc which was TQ325.14; TQ331.47 1003-5214-201501000098 about 85 mg/L. Preparation and Properties of Waterborne UV Curable Keywords: neem leaf; polyphenol;《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 response surface methodology; Chlorinated Polypropylene. TAN Jian-quan, LIU Wei-qu, antioxidant; separation and purification technology WANG Hong-lei, et al. Fine Chemicals, 2015, 32(1): 98–102. In Chinese. TQ323.3 1003-5214-201501000078 Acrylic acid (AA) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were High-etherification Melamine Formaldehyde Resin by Dry grafted onto chlorinated polypropylene (CPP) via solution Method. LIU Ze, ZHAO Ke, SUN Pei-qin. Fine Chemicals, 2015, polymerization. The effects of AA and HEMA content (compared 32(1): 78–81. In Chinese. to the mass of CPP) and the content of initiator on the graft ratio With melamine and formaldehyde as raw materials, the were investigated. The optimum conditions of the graft reaction eco-friendly high-etherification melamine formaldehyde resin was were that the content of AA and HEMA was 20% (compared to the prepared through dry method with low formaldehyde, high solid mass of CPP), the content of the initiator was 3% (compared to the content and high stability. Meanwhile, the factors such as ratio of total mass of CPP, AA and HEMA), under which the graft ratio the material in each reaction stage, temperature and pH, were reached 8.81%. On the basis of the graft reaction, the grafted CPP discussed to confirm the optimal preparation conditions. The was UV modified by methacryloyl chloride. The performance of results indicate that, when n (melamine) :n (formaldehyde) =1:10, emulsion, the surface tension and the adhesion of a series of reaction temperature was 75℃, pH was 9.0, the reaction time was waterborne UV curable CPP with different AA content were 50 min in the hydroxymethylation reaction stage, and when n investigated. The results show that stable emulsion was obtained (HMM) :n (alcohol) =1:10, reaction temperature was 65℃, pH when the content of AA was 20%-50% (compared to the total was 5.5 in etherification reaction stage, the solid content of mass of AA and HEMA), and the particle size of the emulsion high-etherification melamine formaldehyde resin was higher than decreased with the content of AA increasing. After UV modified 90%, and the content of hydroxyl methyl was 51.4%, while the by methacryloyl chloride and after UV cure, the surface property free formaldehyde content was less than 0.3%. was good, the surface tension was 40 mN/m or more, and the Keywords: high-etherification; melamine formaldehyde resin; dry adhesion was improved. This material meets the environmental method; rubber and plastics auxiliaries requirements and has good application prospect. Keywords: chlorinated polypropylene; waterborne; UV curable; TQ314.2 1003-5214-201501000087 surface tension; adhesion; acrylic series chemicals Preparation and Characterization of LabileCrosslinked Polymer Microspheres KFW. YU Xiao-rong, PU Wan-fen, CHEN TQ423.21 1003-5214-201501000042 Da-jun, et al. Fine Chemicals, 2015, 32(1): 87–92. In Chinese. Preparation and Surface Activities of Polyethylene Glycol

107 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Perfluorous Nonenyl Ethers. SHI Hong-xin, ZHOU Hao-miao, introduced. Then the papers and associated discussion of SC B5 on SHEN Hai-min, et al. Fine Chemicals, 2015, 32(1): 42–46. In CIGRE Session 2014 are described in detail for the two Chinese. preferential subjects: ① new relay protection and automation

Polyethylene glycol perfluorononyl monoethers (C9F17—PEG-n) schemes based on enhanced communication possibilities; ② IEC and diethers (C9F17 — PEG-n — C9F17) were prepared from 61850 and the expectations of stakeholders. The development of polyethylene glycol (PEG-n) and perfluorononene (C9F18), and the protection and automation in various countries are introduced too. relations of surface performance to the molecular structure of Finally, the hot topics within CIGRE SC B5 are summarized.

C9F17 —PEG-n and C9F17 —PEG-n—C9F17 were investigated. Keywords: CIGRE; substation automation; relay protection Their surface tension (γ), critical micelle concentrations (CMC), cloud points, foaming characteristics and emulsifiabilities were TM92 1000-1026-201503000001 studied. C9F17—PEG-n—C9F17) has smaller molecular area (A), A Review of CIGRE' 2014 on Study Committee of Distribution (1)] greater adsorption quantity [Γ2 , lower cloud point, and worse System and Distributed Generation. MA Zhao, LIANG Huishi. emulsifiability for toluene, but better surface activities and greater Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(3): 1–5. In foaming volume of their aqueous solutions than C9F17—PEG-n. Chinese. (1) For C9F17—PEG-n or C9F17—PEG-n—C9F17, Γ2 declines, A This paper is concerned with the current work, special reports and increases and the emulsifiability becomes better for toluene along papers on the distribution system and distributed generation of the with the increase of n; the CMC, γCMC and cloud point of their study committee SC6 of CIGRE 2014. This paper presents the new aqueous solutions ascend, and their foaming volumes increase and development of distribution system and distributed generation then decline and reach the biggest value at n=1 000. technology, in relation to distribution system planning with high Keywords: fluorocarbon surfactant; surface tensions; foaming penetration of distributed generators and new load, operation and characterisitics; emulsifiability; clued point control of the active distribution system as well as the new role of distribution system in transmission system operation. Finally, an TQ421.6 1003-5214-201501000073 analysis is made of the development trend of active distribution 15 Synthesis of Stable Isotope Labeled Cyromazine-amino- N2. system and the technical issues of major concern. LI Bing-yao, LU Wei-jing, WU Fan-hong, et al. Fine Chemicals, Keywords: CIGRE; distribution system; distributed generation 2015, 32(1): 73–77. In Chinese. technology; active distribution system; microgrid The structure and synthesis of cyromazine-amino《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 labeled with 15N were proposed, according to the literature of synthesis of TM92 1000-1026-201504000001 cyromazine with natural abundance and testing requirements of A Review of CIGRE' 2014 on System Development and the internal standard. Cyanuric chloride, as the starting material, Economics. LI Jun, GAO Yi. Automation of Electric Power 15 15 reacted with ammonia- N to form 2,4-diamine- N2-6-chloro- Systems, 2015, 39(4): 1–3. In Chinese. 1,3,5-triazine, which then reacted with cyclopropylamine to A description is made of the special reports and papers for system 15 produce the desired product, cyromazine-amino- N2, in 2 steps. development and economics in the study committee (SC) C1 of The utilization of ammonia was significantly improved (from CIGRE' 2014. The main technical fields involved include 59.0% to 80.0%) by partial substitution of ammonia with sodium improvement on method of management of assets,enhancement of 15 carbonate. The yield of cyromazine-amino- N2 was 68.1% based system and assets performance,new system schemes and planning on cyanuric chloride. The product was characterized by means of techniques,as well as consideration of securing investments in NMR and MS. Its chemical purity was 99.7% and isotopic transmission networks with steadily increasing renewable energy. 15 15 enrichment of 98.8% N. The prepared cyromazine-amino- N2 Keywords: CIGRE; electric power system; development; was used as an internal standard to detect cyromazine by LC- economics ESI-MS with a good linear relationship (R=0.999 95) at 0.2-5 mg/kg range. It could be used as an internal standard in the field of TM92 1000-1026-201505000069 food safety testing. An Importance-control Method for Power System Reliability Keywords: stable isotope labeling; cyromazine; dairy safety Evaluation. DU Jiang, GUO Ruipeng, LI Chuandong, et al. inspection; food and feedstuff chemicals Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(5): 69–74. In Chinese. Electrotechnics In order to further accelerate the convergence speed of Monte Carlo method, an importance-control method (ICM) for power TM92 1000-1026-201505000001 system reliability evaluation is proposed by referring to the A Review of CIGRE' 2014 on Protection and Automation. LI importance sampling method and variable control method. ICM Li, ZHAO Xicai. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, makes use of component importance analysis to identify the 39(5): 1–6. In Chinese. components with a greater influence on system reliability. Based The study scope, existing and new working groups, and on the failure effect of the above important components and the 2014-2016 academic activities of CIGRE SC B5 are firstly characteristics of system state analysis, ICM can construct

108 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts importance control variables that meet the requirements for grid. The coordinated current limiting control is also adopted to calculation. With the importance control variables constructed, the guarantee the implementation of the wind turbine's control reconfiguration of system important state function can be realized. objectives. The proposed method needs no additional hardware but It is shown by theoretical inference from the method that it is is able to make full use of the control methods available of the capable of effectively reducing the sampling variance without PMSG itself to enhance the LVRT capability of PMSG in the increasing the sampling calculation workload per time. The whole wind speed range. Finally, the practicability and accuracy and efficiency of ICM is verified using an IEEE-RTS79 effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the simulation system and the modified system. example set in DIgSILENT/Power Factory. Keywords: reliability evaluation; Monte Carlo method; Keywords: wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous importance sampling; control variable; importance analysis generator; low voltage ride through; coordinated power control; converter control; pitch angle control TM92 1000-1026-201503000063 Application of Kernel Estimation with Partial Linear Method TM92 1000-1026-201505000147 for Harmonic Contributions Determination. JIA Xiufang, Development of Automatic Test System for Bay Level ZHANG Shaoguang, HUA Huichun, et al. Automation of Electric Equipment of Smart Substations. DONG Leichao, LIU Haoyu, Power Systems, 2015, 39(3): 63–68. In Chinese. FU Mingjun, et al. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, Estimating background harmonic voltage and equivalent harmonic 39(5): 147–151. In Chinese. impedance at the point of common coupling (PCC) is the premise In view of the low automatic test degree of currently operating of studying harmonic contribution determination. For the purpose smart substations, a scheme for the implementation of smart of accurately assessing harmonic contributions of the harmonic substation bay level equipment automatic test system is put source of concern in the case of background harmonic voltage forward. The automatic test system hardware architecture is fluctuations, the kernel estimation with the partial linear method is described and the main functions of software functional modules researched and applied. To calculate the background harmonic and their implementing process are discussed from the angle of voltage, it is expanded in accordance with Taylor series at a certain software function. For difficult problems in automatic generation moment in the time interval of concern. And the higher-order term of the test cases, abnormality simulation and multi-device testing is regarded as an error term. To ensure the accuracy of calculation, in the implementing process, detailed workshops have been held on the basis of the least sum 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅of square errors, the objective and solutions are given. The system has successfully been applied function considers the effective neighborhood of the moment and to the research and development of a smart substation bay level the influence of different error terms for different weights and uses equipment. the bandwidth to control the range of neighborhood and the size of Keywords: smart substations; bay level; automatic test system; weight. A case study based on an IEEE 14-bus test system is test cases conducted to show that the method is more effective in comparison with two linear methods. TM92 1000-1026-201505000007 Keywords: power quality; harmonic contributions; kernel Discussion on Model Structure of DFIG-based Wind Turbines. estimation with partial linear method; background harmonic voltage PAN Xueping, JU Ping, WU Feng, et al. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(5): 7–14. In Chinese. TM92 1000-1026-201503000023 The detailed model structure and generic model structure of Coordinated Power Control Method for Improving Low doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) -based wind turbines are Voltage Ride Through Capability of Wind Turbines with compared. It is found that the capacitor, grid-side converter Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators. LIU Zhongyi, controller, and stator and rotor dynamics of the generator are LIU Chongru, LI Gengyin. Automation of Electric Power Systems, ignored in generic model. Based on the eigenvalue technology and 2015, 39(3): 23–29. In Chinese. time-domain simulation analysis, it is reasonable to neglect the Based on an analysis of the low voltage ride through (LVRT) dynamics of capacitor and grid-side converter controller. The mechanism of wind turbines with permanent magnet synchronous analysis also shows that negligence of stator and rotor dynamics of generators (PMSGs), a novel power coordinated control method is the generator in the generic model only has impact on the fast proposed for PMSG. In the proposed method, the modified pitch dynamics of rotor-side controller. This paper further indicates that angle control and converter control are used. Under transient state the generic model can also ignore the dynamics of current control low voltage, part of the energy generated by the wind turbine is inner-loop of rotor-side controller. The dynamic behaviors of undertaken by the rotor and DC bus capacitance. This will weaken different drive system models, and the impact of rotor-side the impact of the unbalanced energy on the mechanical shafting. controller parameters on the dynamic behavior of DFIG-based The pitch system is used to decrease the wind energy captured by wind turbines is also studied. the wind turbine to relieve the LVRT burden of the unit. To reduce Keywords: doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) -based wind the amplitude of the drop of the grid-side voltage, the grid-side turbines; detailed model; generic model; dynamic behavior converter is controlled to provide dynamic reactive power to the

109 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 TM92 1000-1026-201504000058 Characteristics and Condition Assessment for Field Disturbance Source Location of Forced Power Oscillation Transformer Oil-paper Insulation. LIAO Ruijin, LIU Xiao, LIU Based on LMS Time Delay Estimation Method. ZHU Zhenshan, Jiefeng, et al. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(5): LIU Dichen, LIAO Qingfen, et al. Automation of Electric Power 94–100. In Chinese. Systems, 2015, 39(4): 58–62. In Chinese. The service life of an oil-immersed power transformer is When forced power oscillation occurs in a power system, location determined by its insulation condition. In order to preferably apply and elimination of disturbance sources is of great significance for the time domain dielectric response method and frequency domain the secure and stable operation of the system. The electro- dielectric response method to nondestructively assessing the mechanical disturbance caused by the forced power oscillation insulation condition of transformer oil-paper insulation, the travels along the transmission line. According at the time delay polarization and depolarization current (PDC) and frequency characteristics of disturbance waveforms at different locations, a domain spectroscopy (FDS) of a 500 kV-transformer which is out novel method for locating disturbance sources using the least of service are measured first, then the time domain dielectric mean square (LMS) time delay estimation method is proposed. In characteristic (TDDC) and the frequency domain dielectric this method, the starting of forced power oscillation is tested by characteristic (FDDC), which represent the insulation condition of the second-order difference method, and the travelling sequence of oil-paper insulation, are extracted by the blending method of time the disturbance is obtained by calculating the time delay of the domain dielectric response and FDS technique. Finally, the disturbance waveforms at different buses, thus the disturbance variation rules of TDDC and FDDC are illustrated in detail. source is located according to the sequence. The proposed method Research results show that the TDDC and FDDC are sensitive to only needs the wide area measured data and is capable of on-line the variations of the insulation condition of power transformer, application. The validity of the proposed approach is verified by thus capable of qualitative evaluation of the insulation condition of simulation results of a four-machine two-area power system and in transformer oil-paper insulation. the Central China power grid. Keywords: oil-paper insulation of transformer; condition assess- Keywords: forced oscillation; disturbance source location; ment; dielectric response; time domain dielectric characteristic second-order difference method; time delay estimation; wide area (TDDC); frequency domain dielectric characteristic (FDDC); measurement system; power systems; stability analysis polarization and depolarization current (PDC); frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) TM92 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 1000-1026-201504000123 Effects of Synchronization Error in Distributed Control on TM92 1000-1026-201503000014 Current Sharing Characteristics in Parallel Connected H Fault Ride-through Capability Enhancement of VSC-HVDC- Bridge. LIU Jilong, XIAO Fei, CHEN Wei, et al. Automation of connected Offshore Wind Power Plants. Ranjan SHARMA, Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(4): 123–128. In Chinese. Qiuwei WU, Seung Tae CHA, et al. Automation of Electric Power Restricted by the capacity of power electronics switches available, Systems, 2015, 39(3): 14–22. In English. large-capacity direct current converter usually uses parallel To achieve active control of the AC voltage magnitude of wind connection of switches to expand its power rating. However, too power plant (WPP) collector network and improve the fault many driver wires will increase the device failure rate and ride-through (FRT) capability, an FRT scheme based on feed difficulty in maintenance. When device power rating changes, both forward DC voltage control is presented for voltage source the controller and driver circuit should be redesigned. To solve this converter-high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) connected problem, this paper proposes a novel parallel connected H bridges offshore WPPs. During steady state operation, an open loop AC topology based on distributed control. The effects of voltage control is implemented at the WPP-side VSC of the synchronization errors on its current balance characteristics are HVDC system so that any possible control interactions between analyzed. In this topology, a fiber ring net is used for the driver WPP-side VSC and VSC of wind turbine are minimized. Whereas signal synchronization and distributed control. The effects of during any grid fault, a dynamic AC voltage reference is made synchronization errors and dead zone width on the stable operation according to both the DC voltage error and AC active current from of the device are analyzed. The synchronization errors in the WPP collector system, thus ensuring fast and robust FRT of the distributed control and H bridge current-limiting inductor will VSC-HVDC-connected offshore WPPs. Under the unbalanced determine the current sharing. The design basis of the H bridge fault condition in the host power system, the resulting oscillatory current-limiting inductor is given. A prototype with H bridges in DC voltage is directly used in the VSC AC voltage controller at parallel connection has been built to verify the proposed analysis. the WPP side so that the WPP collector system voltage also Keywords: three-level direct current converter; parallel connected reflects the unbalance in the main grid. Time domain simulations H bridges; distributed control; synchronization error; current are performed to verify the efficacy of the FRT scheme based on sharing characteristics the proposed feed forward DC voltage control. Simulation results show satisfactory FRT responses of the VSC-HVDC-connected TM92 1000-1026-201505000094 offshore WPP under balanced and unbalanced faults in the host Extraction of Time and Frequency Domain Dielectric power system, as is shown under a serious fault in the WPP

110 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts collector network. location, load current and transition resistance, and can be applied Keywords: fault ride-through; feed forward DC voltage control; to transmission lines with shunt reactors at one terminal and at offshore wind power; voltage source converter-high voltage direct both terminals. What's more, the method can withstand the current inaccuracy of fault location, transmission line parameters, and system frequency to some degree. TM92 1000-1026-201505000054 Keywords: shunt reactors; distributed parameter model; fault Generation Investment Evaluation Model Under Uncertainty nature identification; transition resistance; permanent fault Based on Monte Carlo Simulation. ZENG Ming, ZHANG Ping, WANG Liang, et al. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, TM92 1000-1026-201504000004 39(5): 54–60. In Chinese. Immunity Capability Assessment of Wind Farms Against With the sustainable development of the economy and energy, Cascading Trip-off and Indicators Sensitivity Analysis. GE electric power industry is faced with more uncertainty challenges, Jiangbei, ZHOU Ming, LI Gengyin. Automation of Electric Power while conventional power generation decision-making methods Systems, 2015, 39(4): 4–11. In Chinese. are not able to meet the requirement for solving new problems. The stable operation of power system is impacted by cascading The current problems facing the power generation investment trip-off of wind farms, it is very necessary to find out the key assessment are analyzed, on the basis of which, the generation factors that cause the cascading trip-off of wind farms, and to portfolios are assessed. Firstly, under given elastic conditions of assess the immunity capability of such events and put forward the demand, the amount of change of load due to the change of corresponding improvement measures. Taking doubly fed generation cost is determined, with the intermittent renewable induction generator (DFIG) as an example and focusing on energy sources regarded as negative load correction. As an dynamic voltage evolving process, a concept of voltage tolerance improvement on the conventional load duration curve, the impact curve for DFIG wind turbine is proposed, and the mechanism of demand elasticity and intermittent energy is considered. analysis of cascading trip-off is performed. On that basis, an Secondly, the Monte Carlo simulation method is used to simulate interval analytic hierarchy process is used to establish a the uncertainties, including capital cost, load, fuel and carbon price hierarchical structure model of multiple factors for the immunity to have the uncertainties merged into power generation investment capability assessment. Moreover, an approach is proposed to find portfolio assessment. Finally, a case study is analyzed with the the key indicators depending on the selected target using the example of Guangdong Province,《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 the effective boundary, marginal indicators sensitivity analysis. Finally, case studies verify generation cost, CO2 emission and cost risk are obtained therefrom. the effectiveness of proposed method and the corresponding The research results show that the carbon emissions policy is improvement measures are proposed. helpful to the development of clean energy, while the nuclear Keywords: wind power generation; doubly fed induction power will have greater development potential in the current generator (DFIG); cascading trip-off; interval analytic hierarchy policy environment. The proposed methodology is proved process; marginal indicator value; sensitivity analysis effective. Keywords: power generation investment; assessment; Monte TM92 1000-1026-201504000052 Carlo simulation; portfolio analysis; uncertainties Improved Latin Hypercube Sampling Method for Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems. ZHANG Weifeng, CHE Yanbo, TM92 1000-1026-201505000101 LIU Yangsheng. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, Identification Method of Single-phase Permanent Fault at 39(4): 52–57. In Chinese. Transmission Lines with Shunt Reactors. WANG Qingqing, An improved Latin hypercube sampling method for power system WANG Huifang, LIN Da, et al. Automation of Electric Power reliability evaluation is proposed by combining Latin hypercube Systems, 2015, 39(5): 101–106. In Chinese. sampling method with the importance sampling method. In this Based on the transmission characteristics of extra high voltage method, the probabilistic distribution of current sample space of (EHV) transmission lines with shunt reactors, a new algorithm for the system is changed by the importance sampling method, and calculating transition resistance through a distributed parameter then samples follow the new probability distribution are generated model is presented. In view of the case of permanent fault where by Latin hypercube sampling. Thus the sampling variance is the transition resistance is basically fixed at a low value, whereas reduced and massive repeated samples in normal system state are in the case of transient fault, where after the arc is extinguished, avoided. The proposed method is applied to the reliability the calculated value of transition resistance immediately increases evaluation of the power generation section in an IEEE-RTS and to a large value, we are enabled to distinguish the fault nature, and modified IEEE-RTS test system. Comparison with the the extinction time of secondary arc as well. This method can conventional non-sequential Monte Carlo simulation algorithm work just by making use of the current of shunt reactors and the and the Latin hypercube sampling method shows that the sampling non-fault-phase at one terminal, and fault location results, and is variance is reduced and the sampling efficiency improved with the easy to use. Electromagnetic transient program simulation results proposed method with definite calculating accuracy guaranteed, and analyses show that the method is hardly affected by fault which is suitable for the reliability evaluation of high reliability

111 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 systems. Dianguo. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(4): Keywords: power systems; reliability evaluation; Monte Carlo 116–122. In Chinese. simulation; importance sampling; Latin hypercube sampling Resonance existing in an active power filter LCL system should be restrained by introducing damping. When the current timer TM92 1000-1026-201503000006 comparison control method is used, the strategy for the filter Integrated Plan and Evaluation of Grid-connected Microgrid. capacitor with virtual damping in parallel is proved appropriate by XUE Meidong, ZHAO Bo, ZHANG Xuesong, et al. Automation contrast and analysis. By detection of harmonic voltage on the of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(3): 6–13. In Chinese. filter capacitor, this method is equivalent to a virtual harmonic A novel integrated plan optimization method of grid-connected resistor in parallel with the capacitor under the function of microgrid is presented with the objective to minimize the life- proportional component to enhance the damping effect. The cycle cost. The proposed method is based on joint optimization of method is easily implemented without differentiation. In addition, optimal sizing and operating considering the grid-connected a mathematical model is developed and the stability domain of the performance index. Firstly, the self-balancing level, redundancy virtual damping control coefficient is obtained according to the level, RES utilization level and other indexes are defined to July stability criterion. Firstly, to ensure system's stability, the evaluate grid-connected performance as constraints on the sampling frequency must be six times greater than the resonant optimization method. Secondly, the sizing optimization would be frequency. Furthermore, the stable region is enlarged with an done in multiple random scenarios to deal with the indeterminacy increase of sampling frequency, and narrowed with an increase of of solar and wind resource based on scenario generation and resonant frequency or total grid-side inductance. Simulations and reduction. Finally, the simulation results based on the actual data experiments have proved the validity of the proposed virtual on the microgrid project are presented to demonstrate the damping strategy and the theoretical analysis. performance of the proposed approach. Keywords: active power filter; LCL filter; virtual damping; Keywords: microgrid; optimal sizing; life-cycle cost; self- stability in discrete domain balancing level; robustness TM92 1000-1026-201503000069 TM92 1000-1026-201505000061 Measuring Method of Harmonics and Inter-harmonics with Large-scale Power System Components Vulnerability Nonsynchronous Sampling in IEC Framework. WANG Ze, Assessment Based on Entropy《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅. JIN Bingjie, ZHANG Buhan, YANG Honggeng, YUAN Xiaodong. Automation of Electric YAO Jianguo, et al. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, Power Systems, 2015, 39(3): 69–75. In Chinese. 39(5): 61–68. In Chinese. Discrete Fourier transform/fast Fourier transform (DFT/FFT) The modern large-scale power system is confronted by many kinds spectrum leakage will occur during nonsynchronous sampling in of uncertainty factors, the disturbance brought by which has fundamental frequency, with harmonics and inter-harmonics become one of the major threats to safe operation of the system. In spectrum mutual interference affecting the measurement results, view of this problem, a new method of large-scale power system while the traditional interpolating windowed FFT method ignores component vulnerability assessment is proposed. Based on the the influence of long-range leakage from other components on the improved entropy and by referring to a sensitivity analysis of the component of concern. Firstly, the spectrum of Hanning weighted wind power system and branch capacity margin, the distribution signal in IEC framework is transformed, to change side lobes information on disturbance power safe transfer is investigated to adjacent spectral phase difference to 180 degrees in other establish the node vulnerability assessment indicator for components. The vector sum of adjacent lines is used to eliminate measuring the ability of node to resist disturbance. On this basis, the influence of long-range leakage on the component of concern, the branch outage is translated into virtual power injection thereby proposing the group measurement method and accurate disturbance on the two-terminal nodes by the compensation measurement method of harmonics and inter-harmonics. The method. The branch vulnerability is then assessed with the entropy measurement of harmonics and inter-harmonics specific weight method by combining with node vulnerability assessment. parameters is realized. Based on this, the harmonics and Results of an IEEE 300-bus system case study have validated the inter-harmonics separating method is presented, and furthermore, effectiveness and quickness of the presented method. The factors by successive removal of the leakage value of known components that influence the key element vulnerability are analyzed, on the spectral lines of the component of concern, the measuring providing reference for error control and operation management in accuracy is improved. During nonsynchronous sampling without power systems. increasing the length of the sampling data, an effective solution to Keywords: large-scale power system; vulnerability; entropy; the harmonics and inter-harmonics inability to be accurately sensitivity; compensation method; entropy weight measured when closely spaced is found. Simulation and engineering data have validated real-time and effective TM92 1000-1026-201504000116 characteristics of the proposed methods in the IEC framework. LCL Shunt Virtual Damping Control Strategy in Active Power Keywords: nonsynchronous sampling; IEC framework; Filter and Stability in Discrete Domain. HOU Rui, WU Jian, XU inter-harmonics measurement; harmonics and inter-harmonics

112 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts separation; fast Fourier transform (FFT) Keywords: renewable energy accommodation; forecast; reserve; cost allocation; mechanism design; incentive compatibility TM92 1000-1026-201504000135 Mechanism and Experiment of Subsynchronous Oscillation- TM92 1000-1026-201504000069 Dynamic Stabilizer for Suppressing Subsynchronous Oscilla- Model Predictive Direct Power Control of PWM Rectifier tion with Weak Damping. LU Jingjing, XIAO Xiangning, Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage. ZHANG Yongchang, QU ZHANG Jian, et al. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, Changqi. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(4): 39(4): 135–140. In Chinese. 69–75. In Chinese. In view of the subsynchronous oscillation with weak damping The study of model predictive control (MPC) on a pulse-width occurring in Hulunbeier power plant in the Hulunbeier League modulation (PWM) rectifier is mainly implemented under the power system, the subsynchronous oscillation-dynamic stabilizer condition of ideal balanced grid voltage at present, while few (SSO-DS) is recommended to suppress the oscillation in this investigations are reported on control under unbalanced grid actual project. This paper proposes the subsynchronous voltage. Thus, this paper proposes a new model predictive direct modulation of instantaneous reactive power control strategy for power control (MPDPC) for PWM rectifier suitable for operation SSO-DS. The damping provided by SSO-DS using the proposed under unbalanced grid voltage, which is aimed to eliminate the control strategy is derived on the basis of the complex torque double grid frequency oscillation in active power and ensure coefficient method. Relevant factors that influence the size of the sinusoidal grid current. Compared with conventional MPC, only damping are presented. And the real-time digital and physical one compensation block is required to be added to the original closed-loop simulation platform is developed. In order to suppress power reference. The calculation of the power compensation has the subsynchronous oscillation with weak damping, a method of no need of rotary transformation and positive and negative finding the effective damping area is proposed to optimize the sequence decomposition of grid voltage/currents. It has the controller parameters. The effectiveness of the control strategy and advantages of simple principle, easy extension and strong the accuracy of parameter optimization are both verified by robustness, etc. Simulation and experimental results have verified closed-loop simulation and field experiment. the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method under Keywords: subsynchronous oscillation with weak damping; unbalanced grid voltage. subsynchronus oscillation-dynamic stabilizer (SSO-DS); subsyn- Keywords: pulse-width modulation (PWM) rectifier; model chronous modulation; real-time 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅digital and physical closed-loop predictive control; direct power control; unbalanced power grid simulation; effective damping area TM92 1000-1026-201504000103 TM92 1000-1026-201505000047 Multifunctional Power Quality Controller for Microgrid with Mechanism Design for Incentivizing Wind Farms to Improve High Penetration. LI Dayi, QIN Yi, KANG Wenjie. Automation Power Forecast Accuracy. ZHONG Haiwang, XIA Qing, of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(4): 103–109. In Chinese. ZHANG Jian, et al. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, The power quality problem of a microgrid is much more serious 39(5): 47–53. In Chinese. than that of the traditional grid because of the unique bidirectional One of the important measures to reduce wind curtailment and the power flow, more frequent overvoltage and overcurrent cost of renewable energy accommodation is to improve the phenomenon and the high harmonic penetration of the microgrid. accuracy of wind power forecast. How to enhance the grid's Also, the microgrid capacity is comparatively small and it is not capability of integrating renewable energy via mechanism design, cost effective to install various types of power quality controller. so as to reduce the cost of renewable energy accommodation? This In order to cater for the requirements of the unique power quality has become an imperative question to be answered. To this end, of a microgrid with high penetration, a novel power quality this paper designs a mechanism to encourage wind farms to controller with multifunction is proposed by combining a variable improve the accuracy of power forecast and accommodation of reactor based on controllable magnetic flux and an active power renewable energy, and proposes the corresponding model and filter based on fundamental magnetic flux compensation. The method. First, the interval method is used to finely measure the power quality controller features adjusting the power flow, increased system operating costs corresponding to renewable limiting the fault current, soft starting the motor or system and energy accommodation. Probability distribution of wind power isolating the harmonic. The system principle and configuration are becomes straightforward via cost expressions. Based on this, the addressed in detail. A set of three-phase multifunctional power mechanism of fair and non-linear cost allocation among wind quality controller has been constructed. The field test results have farms is designed. The mechanism satisfies the incentive verified the validity of the novel power quality controller. compatibility. Wind farms are encouraged to improve their Keywords: power quality controller; microgrid; variable reactor; accuracy of submitted day-ahead forecast wind power and high penetration; bidirectional power flow; current limiter optimize operations and management. A case study based on an IEEE 30-bus system indicates the effectiveness of the proposed TM92 1000-1026-201503000140 mechanism. Multi-objective Optimization for Short-circuit Current

113 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Limitation Schemes in Multiple DC Infeed Power Systems. resources. According to the travel path of wake flow, a wind farm ZHOU Qinyong, YANG Dong, LIU Yutian, et al. Automation of is divided into a few groups, which effectively reduces the number Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(3): 140–145. In Chinese. of control objects. According to the properties of operating state Based on the multi-infeed short circuit ratio, the influence on and active power output of wind turbines, the search space of multi-infeed short circuit ratio caused by current limiting measures optimization equation is reduced and the calculating scale is is analyzed, and a mathematical model of multi-objective restrained. By data fitting, the number of optimization variables is optimization for short-circuit current limitation schemes is reduced and the discrete domain optimization problem is developed. The objective functions considering the voltage transformed into a continuous global optimization problem, which support ability, the costs of limitation schemes and short-circuit is easy to use the optimization algorithm with a high credibility. capacity margin are presented. The procedure of optimizing Results of simulation show that the proposed strategy can short-circuit current limitation schemes in multi-infeed DC effectively increase the farm total power and improve the systems is presented as follows. Firstly, using a branch screening efficiency of wind farms without additional investments. strategy to reduce the dimensions of the decision variables. Then, Keywords: wind power generation; wake effect; active power the nondominant sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ is used to find the output; optimization; data fitting Pareto optimal solutions. Simulation results of actual power grid planning show that the model proposed has good applicability. TM92 1000-1026-201503000117 Keywords: short-circuit current; multiple infeed DC; Optimized Design of Output Filter for Transformerless multi-objective optimization; NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm Three-level Grid-connected Inverter. REN Kangle, ZHANG Xing, WANG Fusheng, et al. Automation of Electric Power TM92 1000-1026-201504000089 Systems, 2015, 39(3): 117–123. In Chinese. Novel Current Sensor Principle Based on Hollow Coils. CHEN Linking the capacitor neutral point of LCL filter for Zhanfeng, WU Junyong, HAO Liangliang, et al. Automation of transformerless three-level inverter back to the DC midpoint Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(4): 89–96. In Chinese. directly has an advantage of leakage current reduction. But it also A novel current measuring principle based on hollow coils is brings large current virtual value and common-mode resonance of proposed, on which the current is measured through several coils bridge-side current, which leads to the reduction of the system placed around conductors according to certain rules. Firstly, based efficiency and stability. For occasions such as the grid-connected on the electromagnetic induction《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 law and Biot-Savart law, the photovoltaic power generation, the common-mode and relationship between induced voltage of single coil and the differential-mode models of three-level grid-connected inverter are conductor current is derived. On this basis, the method of developed. Based on the models, the mechanism of the two measuring the single-phase current and that of measuring the problems is analysed and an optimized design scheme is proposed. three-phase current are presented, respectively and verified by In the scheme, the capacitor of LCL filter is divided into two parts simulation and experimental results. Finally, the measurement and the neutral point of the smaller one is linked to the DC deviation caused by actual factors is analyzed. And the relative midpoint, which reduces the parameter coupling degree between error curve of the sensor in the coil installing process is obtained the common-mode and differential-mode circuits. Then, the design through simulation. principles of the filter parameters are proposed based on Keywords: current sensor; current measurement; hollow coil; bridge-side current ripple and common-mode voltage source single-phase conductor; three-phase conductor; relative error spectrum analysis. Finally, an optimized design scheme of the proposed filter is verified by a prototype 5 kW three-phase TM92 1000-1026-201504000026 three-level inverter, the results showing that the proposed method Optimization of Active Power Output in Offshore Wind Farms is able to satisfy the integration standards and inhibition Based on Wake Effect. WANG Jun, DUAN Bin, SU Yongxin. requirements of the leakage current while improving the system Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(4): 26–32. In efficiency and stability. Chinese. Keywords: three-level inverter; LCL filter; equivalent model; Considering the steady wind speed and long distance of wake common-mode and differential-mode decoupling; parameter design effect in the offshore wind farm, a novel optimization scheme for total wind energy capture of offshore wind farm based on the wake TM92 1000-1026-201504000040 effect is proposed. It aims at making total active power output of Pilot Node Identification in Regional Grid with Wind Power wind farms larger than that made by the conventional maximum Based on Electrical Relationship Between Sources and Flows. wind energy capture schemes. In the scheme, the relationship WANG Qi, PU Changqi, CHEN Ning, et al. Automation of between the active power output of wind turbines and the wake Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(4): 40–45. In Chinese. effect is revealed. A quantitative control method for wake effect The voltage issue for a power system with large-scale wind power and an optimization model of active power output in the wind integration should be solved from the regional grid perspective by farm is established. The focuses of our research are the methods creating a comprehensive control mode of coordinating centralized for control strategies based on the existing computational compensation in some pilot nodes and decentralized compensation

114 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts in wind farms. So the pilot node selection is becoming the key strategies. problem. Based on the electrical relationship between sources and Keywords: start-up control; modular multilevel converter (MMC); flows of power grids, an approach to pilot node identification is voltage source converter based high voltage direct current proposed by considering the relevancy among wind farms. This (VSC-HVDC); wind power integration; current-limiting resistor; method comprehensively considers the impact of both the slope control relatively static grid structure and dynamic operation state. The main electrical characteristic parameters are obtained by adopting TM92 1000-1026-201503000110 the bidirectional electrical dissection method for use in calculating Symmetric Steady-state Analysis and Decoupled Control of the index of electrical correlation among wind farms and that of Three-phase Three-wire Modular Multilevel Converters. YU pilot node evaluation. Thus voltage control partitions and pilot Xinyu, WEI Yingdong, JIANG Qirong. Automation of Electric nodes are identified. Analysis results from a modified IEEE 39-bus Power Systems, 2015, 39(3): 110–116. In Chinese. system show that the approach can be used to make rational By setting up a mathematical model of a three-phase three-wire selection of pilot nodes. modular multilevel converter (MMC), the correspondence Keywords: wind power generation; pilot node identification; relationship between the AC side current, circulating current and power source and power flow path; bidirectional electrical neutral point potential of DC side and the different components of dissection method; voltage control; voltage stability arm voltages is obtained and the harmonics contained in the above-mentioned electrical quantities in symmetric steady-state TM92 1000-1026-201504000147 are analyzed. A decoupled control method of AC side current, the Proof Table Based Fault Location Method for Process Level AC component of circulating current and the neutral point Channel in Smart Substations. GAO Lei, YANG Yi, LIU Yu, et potential of DC side is proposed. Simulation results show that the al. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(4): 147–150. control method proposed is simple and effective, the decoupled In Chinese. control of AC side current, the AC component of circulating According to the physical circuit model of secondary system in current and the neutral point potential of DC side is verified, and smart substations, this paper proposes a fault location approach is the electrical quantities of different arms remain symmetric, proposed for process level networks based on the proof table. In contributing to long-term stable operation of MMC. the approach, information on virtual circuits and physical ports of Keywords: modular multilevel converter (MMC); three-phase process level communication 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅is obtained from substation three-wire; circulating current; neutral point potential of DC side; configuration description (SCD) files on smart substations, with decoupled control method sets of channel nodes associated with communication links obtained using topology searching. In addition, the fault proof TM92 1000-1026-201503000043 table for process level channels is established to prove the fault Technical and Economical Analysis on Offshore Wind Power points. According to multiple proof results of channel fault points System Integrated via Fractional Frequency Transmission detection, this approach can be used to locate the process level System. WANG Xifan, LIU Shenquan, SONG Zhuoyan, et al. channel faults with smart substations. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(3): 43–50. In Keywords: smart substation; process level; fault location; proof Chinese. table A novel approach to integrating offshore wind power via the fractional frequency transmission system (FFTS) is briefly treated. TM92 1000-1026-201505000081 The basic idea of FFTS is to improve the technical and economic Start-up Control Technology of Modular Multilevel VSC- performance of AC transmission systems by lowering the grid HVDC System for Wind Farm Integration. DIAO Guanxun, LI frequency, e.g. 50/3 Hz. FFTS is especially suitable for wind Wenjin, TANG Guangfu, et al. Automation of Electric Power power transmission as the low frequency can significantly reduce Systems, 2015, 39(5): 81–87. In Chinese. the charging current. The basic structure and characteristics of a An algorithm for the start-up control of modular multilevel voltage typical PMSG based FFTS offshore wind power system is source converter based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) described first. Then an example wind farm (300 MW, 250 km) is for wind farm integration is proposed. Charging the submodule used to compare the technical and economic pros and cons of the capacitor is the core of start-up control, which can be divided into FFTS with the conventional approaches of HVAC and HVDC. The two stages. For the first uncontrollable diode-rectified stage, the feasibility studies show that the performance of FFTS wind system equivalent mathematical model of modular multilevel converter is superior to that of HVAC and HVDC. The paper further (MMC) is developed to provide theoretical basis for the selection analyzes the economical transmission distances for the above three of the value of current-limiting resistor. For the second integration approaches. The results demonstrate that the maximum high-frequency rectified stage, a selection range for the slope transmission distance for HVAC is merely 80 km, and the critical parameter of DC voltage control loop is proposed to suppress the transmission distance between FFTS and HVDC is 634 km. This over currents of grid side MMC. The simulation results have result means FFTS suits most offshore wind farms, while HVDC verified the effectiveness of the proposed start-up control is economical only for very long distance transmission. Therefore,

115 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 FFTS is a very promising approach for offshore wind power quality, the number of operations of capacitor and power factor are integration. comprehensively considered, and the results are compared with Keywords: offshore wind power; fractional frequency those of the optimal cover method. The energy loss of the method transmission system (FFTS); wind farm integration; technicality; is close to the optimal cover method, but the number of operations economy; critical economical distance of capacitor is greatly reduced. Keywords: reactive power planning; profile partitioning; fuzzy TM92 1000-1026-201505000041 C-means clustering (FCM); optimal cover Two-part Compound Bidding Mode for Wind Power Considering Low-carbon Benefit. XIAO Yunpeng, WANG Xifan. TM92 1000-1026-201505000020 Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(5): 41–46. In Variable Parameter Virtual Inertia Control Based on Effective Chinese. Energy Storage of DFIG-based Wind Turbines. TIAN Xinshou, The application of wind power promotes the low-carbon progress WANG Weisheng, CHI Yongning, et al. Automation of Electric in power industry, and its healthy development depends on a fair Power Systems, 2015, 39(5): 20–26. In Chinese. and efficient market mechanism fitting for wind power The total equivalent rotational inertia of power system decreases characteristics. Considering the low-carbon benefits and especially with increasing wind power penetration. It is because the wind power participation in market bidding, a two-part compound mechanical parts of wind turbines based on doubly fed induction bidding mode with the superiorities of both hourly and block generator (DFIG) are decoupled from their electrical parts, which bidding modes is proposed in this paper. This mode can properly will cause pressure to the main system frequency control. On the evaluate the real power production cost and take the price basis of operation and control characteristic of DFIG-based wind advantage of varying wind power output by dividing one-part turbines, a calculation method of equivalent virtual inertia time pricing parameter into two-parts, and its mathematical model and constants is presented, and the variable parameter virtual inertia market clearing process are given too. The effects are analyzed control strategy based on the DFIG-based wind turbines effective including the power purchase costs, the social benefits, the load energy storage is proposed. By releasing or absorbing effective flattening, the supply-demand interaction and the capability of kinetic energy and providing dynamic frequency support to the wind power absorption. The analyzed example indicates that the grid, the proposed strategy can control wind turbine output power adoption of the two-part compound bidding mode can enhance according to the frequency deviation and operating state. The time market competitiveness of wind《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 power, improve the system domain simulation is carried out on the basis of theoretical capability of wind power absorption, and relieve the pressure of analysis, simulation results show that the proposed control strategy wind power subsidies on the government as well. can provide effective frequency support to the grid under all kinds Keywords: wind power; bidding; two-part compound price; low- of operating conditions, and the frequency stability of power carbon electricity; supply-demand interaction; electricity market system with large wind power integration is improved. In the mean time the stability of DFIG-based wind turbines is also maintained TM92 1000-1026-201503000090 in the process of frequency regulation. Unequal Grouping of Parallel Compensation Capacity in Keywords: doubly fed induction generator (DFIG); variable Substation. JI Yuqi, GENG Guangfei. Automation of Electric parameter; virtual inertia control; equivalent virtual inertia time Power Systems, 2015, 39(3): 90–94. In Chinese. constants; frequency stability In order to solve the problem of grouping of parallel compensation capacity in substation, this paper presents an optimal grouping TM92 1000-1026-201504000012 method that considers the timing characteristics of reactive power Virtual Inductance Based Self-demagnetization Control for demand. The method consists of two steps. The first is to partition Doubly-fed Induction Generator Wind Turbines During Low the reactive power demand profile into several segments, in which Voltage Ride-through Process. YANG Shuying, CHEN Yin, the demand can be regarded as invariable, and the ratio of the sum ZHOU Tianbao, et al. Automation of Electric Power Systems, of the variance in each segment and the sum of the distance 2015, 39(4): 12–18. In Chinese. between adjacent segments is taken as the objective function to Since the stator windings of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) partition the profile; then the partitioning results are clustered are usually coupled with power grid directly, transient fluxes will using the modified fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM) algorithm. In occur in the stator windings upon grid faults, and as a result, it will the clustering, the number of clusters is the number of capacitor cause transients in the rotor currents and voltages. The flexibility groups, and the difference between cluster centers is the capacity of DFIG control system has not been utilized very well in the of each group. Furthermore, the effect of the number of profile conventional crowbar circuit based low-voltage ride through partitioning on the clustering results is studied when the number of (LVRT) strategies and it is difficult to meet the increasingly capacitor groups is known. Finally, simulation of an equivalent stringent grid code requirements. Some transient flux actual power grid and load profile is made to demonstrate the compensation based LVRT strategies have been used for DFIG effectiveness and rationality of the presented method. In the wind turbines, however, the dependence on stator flux linkages simulation, the technical indicators such as energy loss, voltage makes this type of algorithms complicated and sensitive to the

116 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts DFIG parameters. Based on the analysis of the transient process of computing; Entangled states DFIG following grid faults, a novel LVRT control strategy based on virtual inductance self-demagnetization algorithm is proposed. TB3 1001-6538-201501000071 With the proposed strategy, not only the transient voltage surge in E-beam-induced in situ structural transformation in one- the rotor is suppressed very well, enlarging the wind turbines to dimensional nanomaterials. Sheng Dai, Mo-rigen He, Jing Zhu. ride through most of grid faults, but also the transient flux Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(1): 71–75. In English. observation is not required anymore, reducing the computation Electron beam (e-beam) irradiation is an inevitable, but crucial load and the dependence on the DFIG parameters, and improving issue for electron microscopy. Our investigation results show the the response speed and robustness of the control system. The e-beam-induced in situ structural transformations in silicon (Si) correctness and effectiveness of the analysis and design are nanowires and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs), respectively. validated with the simulation and experiment results on 11 kW Crystal to amorphous structure transition was revealed in Si NWs simulative wind turbines. utilizing high resolution electron microscopy and electron energy Keywords: virtual inductance; self-demagnetization; low-voltage loss spectroscopy. Reconstruction at the (1010) surface of ZnO ride through (LVRT); doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) NWs was also observed in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) using aberration-corrected electron microscopy. These TM92 1000-1026-201505000015 e-beam-induced in situ structural transformations prove that the Wind Turbine Dynamic Modeling and Analysis. LIU Xianzheng, electron beam irradiation effect is able to be used for the local WANG Xingcheng, WEN Jialiang, et al. Automation of Electric modification of one-dimensional nanomaterials. Power Systems, 2015, 39(5): 15–19. In Chinese. Keywords: Electron beam effect; In situ electron microscopy; In order to analyze the transient dynamics of power system with Structure transformation; Si nanowires; ZnO nanowires grid-connected wind farms, an accurate transient model of wind turbine is the foundation of the research work. According to the TB1 1001-6538-201501000109 structure of the wind turbine, the mechanical transient model is Nanobowl optical concentrator for efficient light trapping and divided into three parts, i.e., aerodynamic model, rotor and tower high-performance organic photovoltaics. Yongcai Qiu, Siu-Fung dynamics model, and drive-train model. The classical method of Leung, Qianpeng Zhang, et al. Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(1): theoretical mechanics is proposed to analyze the three parts, taking 109–115. In English. into account of the mutual influence《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 among subsystems link, the Geometrical light trapping is a simple and promising strategy to model interface is modified and the mechanical subsystem model largely improve the optical absorption and efficiency of solar cell. is proposed. A 3 MW doubly-fed wind turbine model is built with Nonetheless, implementation of geometrical light trapping in MATLAB/Simulink. After linearization of the model, the root organic photovoltaic is challenging due to the fact that uniform locus is extracted with Control System Toolbox, and the main organic active layer can rarely be achieved on textured substrate. factors affecting the stability of drive-train speed is figured out. In this work, squarely ordered nanobowl array (SONA) is reported

Finally, in comparison with conventional mechanical transient for the first time and [6,6] -phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester models, simulation is carried out in time domain, and the results (PCBM) : poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) -based organic validate the model higher precision. photovoltaic (OPV) device on SONA demonstrated over 28% Keywords: wind power generation; transient model; dynamic enhancement in power conversion efficiency over the planar model; nonlinear model; power quality counterpart. Interestingly, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) optical simulation revealed that the superior light trapping by General Industrial Technology SONA originated from optical concentrator effect by nanobowl. Furthermore, aiming at low-cost, solution processible, and TB3 1001-6538-201501000096 resource sustainable flexible solar cells, we employed Ag A novel integrated quantum circuit for high-order W-state nanowires for the top transparent conducting electrode. This work generation and its highly precise characterization. René not only revealed the in-depth understanding of light trapping by Heilmann, Markus Gräfe, Stefan Nolte, et al. Science Bulletin, nanobowl optical concentrator, but also demonstrated the 2015, 60(1): 96–100. In English. feasibility of implementing geometrical light trapping in OPV. Multipartite entangled states like the W-class are of growing Keywords: Nanobowl; Optical concentrator; Anodic aluminum interest since they exhibit a variety of possible applications oxide; Flexible photovoltaic; Organic solar cells ranging from quantum computation to genuine random number generation. Here, we present a universal setup to generate TB3 1001-6538-201501000101 high-order single photon W-states based on three-dimensional Single-GaSb-nanowire-based room temperature photodetectors integrated-photonic waveguide structures. Additionally, we present with broad spectral response. Tao Luo, Bo Liang, Zhe Liu, et al. a novel method to characterize the device's unitary by means of Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(1): 101–108. In English. classical light only. Single-gallium antimonide (GaSb)-nanowirebased photodetectors

Keywords: Quantum information; Integrated optics; Quantum were fabricated on both rigid SiO2/Si substrate and flexible

117 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates, both of which electrons in the oxidation reaction to act as a fuel. This article exhibited high responsivity, fastresponse, and long-term stability provides an overview of the dual role of hydrogen peroxide in in photoswitching over a broad spectral range from ultraviolet to fuel-cell applications, including working principle, system design, near infrared. Besides, the as-fabricated rigid device exhibited and cell performance. Recent innovations and future perspectives high responsivity of 7350 A/W under illumination of λ=350 nm of fuel cells that use hydrogen peroxide are particularly and light intensity P=0.2 mW/cm2, while the flexible device emphasized. displays higher detectivity of 9.67 × 109 jones at 700 nm than the Keywords: Fuel cell; Hydrogen peroxide; Mixed potential; * rigid one and lower noise equivalent power (NEP, NEP700 nm =2.0 Hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction; Hydrogen peroxide × 10-12 W/Hz1/2) for the much lower dark current on PET. The high oxidation reaction; Performance responsivity, broad spectral detection from ultraviolet to near-infrared and long-term stability make GaSb nanowire one of Light Industry and Handicraft Industry the most important candidates to construct advanced optical sensors or other optoelectronic devices. TS205.9 1000-2030-201501000152 Keywords: GaSb; Nanowires; Flexible photodetectors; Broad Effect of preharvest spraying antagonistic yeast on the spectral postharvest storability of strawberry. QIN Xiaojie, GAO Meng, JIANG Xiaoling, et al. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, TB321 1003-5214-201501000093 2015, 38(1): 152–160. In Chinese. Surface Modification of Nanometer Attapulgite and Its [Objectives] Applying antagonistic yeasts to strawberries in the Application on Epoxy Acrylate Resin. LIU Wen-jie, XU Jiao, field to enhance their storability and reduce postharvest losses was ZUO Shi-xiang, et al. Fine Chemicals, 2015, 32(1): 93–97. In studied. [Methods] Strawberry fruits were treated with single and Chinese. composite antagonistic yeast, Hanseniaspora uvarum suspension To improve the mechanics and dispersion performance of and Pichia guilliermondii suspension before 3 days of harvest, attapulgite (ATP) in epoxy acrylate (EA) coating, SiO2/ATP then the efficacy of different yeast treatments on postharvest composites were prepared by chemical precipitation and then diseases of strawberries at 25℃ with relative humidity (RH) modified with silane coupling agent KH570 to obtain KH570- 90%-95% and storability was investigated. The yeast treatments g-SiO2/ATP composites. The composites were characterized by with better antagonistic activity were selected to apply to TEM, FTIR, XRD and TG methods.《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 The UV-curable KH570-g- strawberry during storage [at (2±1)℃ with RH 90%-95%] and to SiO2/ATP/EA composite coating was fabricated by the blend examine their efficacy on the postharvest diseases and storability method. The effects of KH-570-g-SiO2/ATP content on the of strawberries. [Results] The results showed antagonistic yeast impact-resistance, the flexibility of the KH570-g-SiO2/ATP/EA treatments before the strawberries were harvested could composite coatings were investigated. The results show that the significantly reduce their decay index, as a result, improve their impact-resistance of the KH570-g-SiO2/ATP/EA composite commodity rate (P<0.05) at 25 ℃ with RH 90%-95%. The coating increases from 15 cm to 35 cm, the flexibility increases treatments of 1 × 106 CFU·mL-1 complex yeast and 1×108 -1 from 15 mm to 5 mm when the KH570-g-SiO2/ATP dosage is CFU·mL single yeast showed a better antagonistic activity

5%. In addition, KH570-g-SiO2/ATP has a better dispersibility compared with other treatments and thus were used for in the EA composite coating than ATP, SiO2/ATP and KH570- strawberries [at (2±1)℃ with RH 90%-95%]. The cold storage g-ATP. experiment suggested that antagonist yeast treatments could Keywords: attapulgite; silica; silane coupling agent KH570; maintain fruits' appearance quality, firmness and vitamin C content. surface modification; epoxy acrylat During storage, the decayrate of treatment groups was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the control. Commodity TB1 1001-6538-201501000055 rate of the fruits treated with the composite H. uvarum and P. The dual role of hydrogen peroxide in fuel cells. Liang An, guilliermondii was up to 85%, while that of the control was only Tianshou Zhao, Xiaohui Yan, et al. Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(1): 25%. There's no difference in total soluble solids (TSS), pH 55–64. In English. between treatments and the control. The activity of enzymes Clean and highly efficient energy production has long been sought including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), after, as a way to solve global energy and environmental problems. polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT), and β-1, 3-glucanase Fuel cells, which convert the chemical energy stored in fuel (GLU) of treatment groups were much higher than that of the directly into electricity, are expected to be a key enabling control. The accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) of technology for the pressing energy issues that plague our planet. treatment groups was less than that of the control. Among the Fuel cells require oxygen as an oxidant and require oxygen tank treatment groups, the one treated with composite suspension had containers when used in air-free environments such as outer space higher enzyme activities and less MDA than those treated with and underwater. Hydrogen peroxide has been extensively utilized single suspension. [Conclusions] These results suggest preharvest as an alternative liquid oxidant in place of gaseous oxygen. In application of antagonist yeasts and their compound is a useful addition to being an oxidant, hydrogen peroxide can donate biological method to control postharvest diseases and enhance

118 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts storage properties of strawberry fruits. ACE inhibition activity, and IC50 value was (167.02±4.32) -1 Keywords: strawberry; Hanseniaspora uvarum; Pichia μmol·L . And the IC50 values of compound 1 and 5 were guilliermondii; preharvest spraying; postharvest storability (237.74±5.82) and (331.57±4.69) μmol·L-1, respectively. In the current study, five compounds were isolated from the Coreopsis TS201.2 1000-2030-201501000146 tinctoria Nutt. methanol extract. Their ACE inhibitor activities Isolation and identification of active ingredients on were detected. Compounds 1, 4 and 5 have stronger ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition from Coreopsis inhibition activities. It is indicated that they may be the potential tinctoria Nutt. YANG Yingshi, CHEN Wei, YANG Haiyan, et al. antihypertensive ingredients in Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015, 38(1): 146–151. [Conclusions] This study provides a material basis for further In Chinese. study of the antihypertensive mechanism of Coreopsis tinctoria [Objectives] Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc- Nutt. containing dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase which has a critical role in Keywords: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE); Coreopsis cardiovascular function because it catalyses the conversion of tinctoria Nutt.; structure identification; inhibition effect angiotensinⅠto the physiologically active vasopressor octapeptide angiotensin Ⅱ , which controls fluid-electrolyte balance and Metallurgical Industry systemic blood pressure. Screening bioactive ingredients of ACE inhibitor activity from natural products by using the ACE activity TF 0449-749X-201502000001 in target is a commonly method to find and exploit natural Application status and important technical indexes of BF hypotensive substances nowadays. Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. is of hearth refractory. ZUO Hai-bin, WANG Cong, ZHANG steadily growing interest in recent years due to its potential health Jian-liang, et al. Iron and Steel, 2015, 50(2): 1–6. In Chinese. benefits. It has been reported that it contained quite variable Based on BF long campaign concept, the importance of high phytochemicals, exhibited a diverse range of bioactivities and has quality refractory materials for BF hearth was discussed; BF been widely used as a folk medicine for several disorders. This hearth refractory materials can be divided into three categories as study is to screen the optimum extract solvent of active ingredients follows: the carbon brick, the corundum brick and the carbon and obtaining the crude extracts from Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. by composite brick. The development of these three kinds of bioassay-guided method using ACE inhibition effect as indicator refractory materials at home and abroad was described. The and the pure compounds were 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅obtained from the crude extract. mechanism of four important performance indicators was Their chemical structures were identified and ACE inhibition explained, including the thermal conductivity, hot metal corrosion effects were evaluated, respectively. These results contributed to index, slag resistance and micro porosity index. The performance exploring the blood pressure components from Coreopsis tinctoria indexes of the three kinds of refractory were compared. The results Nutt. [Methods] Compared with the ACE inhibition effect of are as follows: the comprehensive performance of carbon crude extracts from different solvents, this study aimed at composite brick is better than that of carbon brick and ceramic cup; screening for the optimum extract solvent of active ingredients the development of refractories should pay attention to improve and obtained the crude extracts from Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. The the index co-ordination; the carbon composite material is the pure compounds were obtained from the crude extracts by using development direction of the new generation of hearth lining. open column silica gel chromatography and Sephedex LH-20. Keywords: BF hearth; refractory; carbon brick; ceramic cup; Their chemical structures were identified by nuclear magnetic carbon composite brick resonance (NMR) and electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS). Their ACE inhibition effects were evaluated at different TF 0449-749X-201502000032 concentrations, respectively. [Results] Differences in the ACE Castability improvement of high Ti-bearing welding wire steel. inhibition effects of crude extract from different solvents were DENG Xu-yan, MAJian-chao, ZHAOWei-jie. Iron and Steel, 2015, significantly in Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. (P<0.05). Among them, 50(2): 32–37. In Chinese. the ACE inhibition rate of methanol extract was 74.25% and Severe SEN (Submerged Entry Nozzle) clogging issue occurred in stronger than any other solvents extracts at 1 mg·L-1. In conclusion, the continuous casting process of high Tibearing welding wire it showed that the optimum solvent for active fractions was steel. The chemical composition of clogs was characterized using methanol. Five pure compounds were isolated from the methanol SEM/EDS. The results indicate that the major constituent phases crude extract using open column silica gel chromatography and are TiOx and solidified steel. The morphology and chemical Sephedex LH-20. Their chemical structures were identified as composition of inclusions in liquid steel were analyzed by methyl ester caffeate, pheophorbide a, β-amyrin, SEM/EDS. The results show the inclusion types at LF end are isookanin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and methyl-p-coumarate by MnO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiOx, MgO-Al2O3-TiOx and TiOx. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electro-spray ionization Ti-bearing inclusions with high melting point in liquid steel are the mass spectrometry (ESIMS). Their ACE inhibition effects were dominant reason to SEN clogging. Al-Ti-O equilibrium in liquid evaluated at 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 μmol·L-1, respectively. The steel and steel-slag equilibrium were calculated by thermodynamic results of inhibition effect showed that compound 4 has highest method. The results show oxygen is preferred to combine with Ti

119 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 to form Ti2O3 when w ([Al] ) /w ([Ti] ) <0.15, otherwise, oxygen is softening-dripping characteristics tends to decrease significantly, preferred to combine with Al; the titanium would not be oxidized gas permeability be-comes better and the dripping ratio tends to by slag when w ((FeO) ) ([Ti] ) < 0.05%, w ((SiO2) ) < 15% in increasing then decreasing; the recovery ratio of V and Cr in initial ladle slag. TiOx inclusion content in liquid steel is reduced from iron tends to increasing then decreasing. Thus, a certain ratio of 0.0024% to below 0.001% after the process parameters and ore-coke mixed charging is helpful to improve the softening- operation are optimized; hence, the castability of liquid steel is dripping behavior of vanadium-titanium magnetite composite improved significantly. burdens for smelting in blast furnace. The optimal ore-coke mixed Keywords: welding wire steel; SEN clogging; thermodynamic charging ratio is 25%. calculation; titanium oxide Keywords: vanadium-titanium magnetite; blast furnace ironmaking; ore-coke mixed charging; softening-dripping be-havior; reduction TF 0449-749X-201502000012 of V, Cr Effect of additives on formation of calcium ferrites in magnesiariched sinters. YAO Jun-hao, YANG Jun, HAN Dong, TF 0449-749X-201502000048 et al. Iron and Steel, 2015, 50(2): 12–16. In Chinese. FEM analysis of 304 stainless steel strip flatness control. Production of rich-containing MgO sinters has become one of the MAYong-lin, GONG Mei-na, XING Shu-qing, et al. Iron and Steel, effective ways to solve the problems, such as high viscosity and 2015, 50(2): 48–53. In Chinese. low desulfurization ability of the slag which was brought by large In order to determine the effect of the intermediate roll shifting on use of high-alumina iron ores in blast furnace. However, the strip flatness, the dynamic software ANSYS/LS-DYNA was rich-containing MgO raw materials decrease the quantity of adopted to simulate intermediate roll control for rolling 304 binding phase during sintering process to make the strength of stainless steel with different widths on twelve-high rolling mill. sinter worse. This study aims to increase the amount of calcium The loaded gap of work rolls and the strain distribution curve of ferrite (SFCA) by adding additives with low melting point into the 304 stainless steel were calculated when the amount of iron ore fines to improve the quality of sinters. The B2O3, CaCl2 intermediate roll shifting ranges from -30 mm to -50 mm. The and Na2SiO3 were used as additives to add into high-alumina iron results show that strip shape with good flatness can be obtained by ore fines with rich-containing MgO. The effect of additives on dynamically adjusting the amount of intermediate roll shifting to sintering process was investigated according to the results of make the value of length "L" to be 55%-60% of the initial width of patterns and optical microstructure《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 of sintered samples from XRD. strip. The results showed that the three kinds of additives have a Keywords: twelve-high rolling mill; intermediate roll shifting promotion to form SFCA, but the effects are different. When the amount; explicit dynamics; strip flatness control mass percent of MgO is 4%, the appropriate amoun (t mass percent) of B2O3, CaCl2 or Na2SiO is 0.094%, 0.470% and 0.470% TF 0449-749X-201501000043 respectively. It can promote SFCA formation with more amount, Horizontal vibration of hot rolling mill and its relationship and little additive is good for acicular morphology. Another result with rolling parameters. SUN Jian-liang, LIU Hong-min, LI indicates that increase of binding phase helps to generate more Yan-yun, et al. Iron and Steel, 2015, 50(1): 43–49. In Chinese. magnetite under the high content of MgO. The horizontal vibration mechanism of hot tandem rolling mill Keywords: MgO; additives; SFCA; sinter was studied, and the relationship between the horizontal vibration and the rolling process parameters was obtained. Considering the TF 0449-749X-201501000005 gap between the bearing chock and the housing, the offset of work Effects of ore-coke mixed charging on softening-dripping roll and backup roll, and the nonlinear damping, the nonlinear behavior of vanadium-titanium magnetite composite burdens. dynamic model of horizontal vibration of strip rolling mill was CHEN Li-jie, LIU Zheng-gen, FU Xiao-jiao, et al. Iron and Steel, established, and the relationship model of horizontal vibration and 2015, 50(1): 5–10. In Chinese. rolling process param-eters was also established. Then, the online Effects of ore-coke mixed charging on softening-dripping behavior horizontal vibration test was carried out on the F2 rolling mill of of vanadium-titanium magnetite composite burdens and migration some steel plant. The test result shows that the horizontal vibration patterns of V and Cr elements in slag-iron were studied of the work roll is very strong, with an amplitude up to 4.5 g in the systemically and theoretically to improve the level of smelting middle and later periods and more than 5 g at the end phase, and vanadium-titanium magnetite in blast furnace. The proportion of the main vibration frequencies are 40 Hz and 118 Hz. At the same sinter and pellet was constant. The results show that, ore-coke time, based on the model established, the vibration simulation in mixed charging ratio has significant effects on the softening and the rolling process was made to investigate the effect of strip dripping parameters including softening zone, melting zone thickness, rolling speed and tensile stress on horizontal vibration. dripping ratio and permeability. With the increase of ore-coke The simulation results show that:the acceleration amplitude of mixed charging ratio, the soft-ening range t40-t4 tends to be a little horizontal vibration is 4.8 g in the simulation, which agrees with wider; the melting range tD-tS is greatly narrowed; the cohesive the measured results, thus validating the model established. When zone tends to nar-row and its location is shaft down; the strip thickness is thinner, the influence on the horizontal

120 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts vibration is larger; the influence of rolling speed on the horizontal Based on production, operational furnace profiles monitoring and vibration is strong, and the influence of tension on the horizontal maintenance of two blast furnaces (BFs) with volume of 4350 m3 vibration is small com-pared to other factors. in TISCO, it was found that there was the interaction between Keywords: hot tandem rolling mill; horizontal vibration model; upper and lower operational furnace profiles. What's more, it had online test; rolling parameter an influence on hearth life. The upper operational furnace profile was affected by bosh gas volume, shaft refractory selection and TF 0449-749X-201501000019 flow direction of shaft cooling water. It was helpful to formed Influence of calcium treatment on oxide inclusions in ultra-low reasonable upper fur-nace profile by appropriate bosh gas volume, oxygen refining process. YANG Jun, DU Jiang, CHEN Bo-tao, et decreased gas channel between cooling plates and lining bricks al. Iron and Steel, 2015, 50(1): 19–26. In Chinese. and divisional cooling of horizontal shaft cooling water. There was The influence of calcium treatment was studied on non-metallic the interaction between shaft middle operational furnace profile inclusions when control technology of refining top slag in ladle and thickness of skull. The operational furnace profile above furnace was used in ultra-low oxygen refining process. Sufficient tuyere also had the interaction with erosion and accretion of hearth aluminium was added to test heats for fi-nal deoxygenation during bottom. In order to improve and maintain reasonable operational BOF tapping, and the refining top slag with high basicity and furnace profiles, the breathability and permeability of deadman strong reducibility in ladle furnace was used to produce ultra-low should be maintained. The hard extruding repairing and furnace oxygen steel, and the transformation of non-metallic inclusions in protection of schreyerite could also be utilized. Therefore, The molten steel was com-pared by calcium treatment and not calcium operation indicators of furnace condition could be improved and treatment. The results show that aluminium deoxidation products the hearth erosion could be constrained by above measures. For have fin-ished the transformation of Al2O3→MgO·Al2O3 spinel the long life of hearth bottom, some measures are taken including

→CaO-MgO-Al2O3 complex inclusions with lower melting point the design, material selection and masonry of hearth bottom based and need not calcium treatment to molten steel when using the on the new. control technology of ladle furnace refining top slag to pro-duce Keywords: blast furnace; operational furnace profiles; interaction; ultra-low oxygen steel, and the complex inclusions with lower hearth; long life melting point are liquid at the temperature of steelmak-ing and easy removed to obtain very high cleanliness steel by collision and TF 0449-749X-201502000027 coalescence and flotation. Furthermore,《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 the problems of nozzle Investigation on cleanliness of SPHC steel produced by clogging in casting operations are not happen because the BOF-LF-CC process. LIU Cheng-song, LI Jing-she, GAO remaining oxide inclusions in steel are lower melting point Xiao-jie, et al. Iron and Steel, 2015, 50(2): 27–31. In Chinese. complex inclusions. Based on tracer production experiment, the cleanliness of SPHC Keywords: ultra-low oxygen; deoxidization byAl; oxide inclusion; steel produced by BOF-LF-CC process in a domestic steel plant calcium treatment; ternary phase diagram was investigated by the way of sampling systematically and comprehensive analysis. The results showed that the mass of TF 0449-749X-201502000081 macro-inclusion after LF refining increased to 36.7 mg/ (10 kg) Influence of cooling process on the phase transformation and compared with that after calcium treatment which was 19.6 mg/ microstructure of HRB400E. CHEN Bo-yu, LIAO Lin-lin, (10 kg). From the tapping of LF refining to tundish, the average WANG Ming-di, et al. Iron and Steel, 2015, 50(2): 81–84. In mass percent total oxygen in molten steel increased from 23×10-6 Chinese. to (36-48) ×10-6 and existed a certain degree of re-oxidation. The The microstructure of HRB400E was decided by the cooling results of tracer experiment revealed that serious entrapment of process after laying. The different cooling processes were refining slag during LF refining and erosion of refractory in simulated by Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation tester. The tundish occurred. dilatometric curve and microstructure were analyzed under Keywords: SPHC steel; cleanliness; non-metallic inclusion; different cooling processes. The results indicate that the cooling re-oxidation rate and mutational temperature greatly influenced the final microstructure. The rational cooperation of these two parameters TF 0449-749X-201501000011 could dominate the fraction of bainite. With the increasing of Main factors of gasification dephosphorization of high cooling rate and decreasing of mutational temperature, the fraction phosphorus steel slag. ZHANG Wei, LIU Wei-xing, LI Jie, et al. of bainite enhanced. Iron and Steel, 2015, 50(1): 11–14. In Chinese. Keywords: microstructure; thermal simulation; bainite In certain conditions of dephosphorization agent type and proportion, with the help of micro sintering experi-ment method, TF 0449-749X-201501000031 the basicity, temperature, carbon and phosphorus content on the Interaction between upper and lower operational furnace influence of gasification dephosphorization rate of high profiles and its influence for blast furnace in TISCO. YANG phosphorus steel slag was studied. The studies have shown that Zhi-rong. Iron and Steel, 2015, 50(1): 31–36. In Chinese. increasing the alkalinity, gasification dephos-phorization rate of

121 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 steel slag decreased, improving the temperature, gasification sprayed inside with continuous water sprayed outside on the gas dephosphorization rate rose, with the in-creased amount of carbon cylinder. The temperature gradient and the quenching stress were in steel slag, the rate of gasification dephosphorization first reduced, the quenching distortion was eliminated, the increased and then reduced, increas-ing the phosphorus content, microstructure distribution was improved and the uniformity of gasification dephosphorization rate increased, and when the microstructure and hardness of the gas would be realized during phosphorus content reached a cer-tain level, the effect of this quenching process. phosphorus conten Keywords: numerical simulation; quenching process; 30CrMo Keywords: high phosphorus steel slag; gasification dephosphori- steel; gas cylinder zation; basicity; temperature; carbon content; phos-phorus content TF 0449-749X-201501000001 TF 0449-749X-201502000007 Progress on valence electron theory corrosion resistance of Modification of non-coking coal for coking application of coal stainless. LI Chun-fu, TONG Li-hua, CHENG Ding-chun, et al. petrography theory. YANG You-hui, ZHU Zi-zong, XIONG Hao, Iron and Steel, 2015, 50(1): 1–4. In Chinese. et al. Iron and Steel, 2015, 50(2): 7–11. In Chinese. Based on a brief introduction of EET and the basic principles and Through the analysis of the coal and rock properties of coking coal, methods of the theory of extensions of EET, the applications of and testing the coke crushing strength in the 40 kg coke oven, the solids and molecules empirical electron theory (EET theory) on study identified the reactive weight function based on the coking the design of steel material composi-tion, structure's transition, coal vitrinite maximum reflectivity. The reactive-inert component forecasting of properties and research status is summarized. It radio of coking coal base on the active weight function was sums up the research progress of the effects of alloying elements calculated, and it is concluded that the reactive-inert component in stainless and the anti-corrosion mechanism of stainless steel radio correspond to the maximum crushing strength of coke. As from the view of the crystal structure of the valence electrons. the result of experiment analysis and calculation, the value of best Also, it propose that by using the theory, it can reveal the nature of reactive-inert component radio is 2.53. Aiming to reach the best the corro-sion resistance of stainless steel and develop the new reactive-inert component radio, the study optimized the ratio of methods of the new stainless steel's calculation of alloy design mixing coal, predicted the coke quality, and provided technical from the level of the influence of alloying elements on the price basis to determine coal blending ratio conveniently. At the same electronic's structure in crystal. time, modification of non-coking《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 coal makes the noncoking coal Keywords: stainless steel; alloy element; EET theory; corrosion contain certain activity, and the optimal proposal of coal blending resistance; alloy design of non-coking coal can add up to 10% at least, be helpful to get qualified coke. TF 0449-749X-201502000054 Keywords: coal petrography; reactive weight function; Research development on the heat resistant alloy used for 700 reactive-inert component radio; non-coking coal ℃ USC turbine rotor. TIAN Zhong-liang, BAO Han-sheng, HE Xi-kou, et al. Iron and Steel, 2015, 50(2): 54–60. In Chinese. TF 0449-749X-201502000061 The high pressure and intermediate pressure turbine rotor are the Numerical simulation on quenching process of the core components of 700℃ USC power plants. Many researchers large-diameter thick-wall gas cylinder of 30CrMo steel. WANG are focusing on the candidates material used for HP and IP rotor. Ge, WANG Li-li, GAO Jing-na, et al. Iron and Steel, 2015, 50(2): New developed ferritic and austenitic heat resistant steels 61–69. In Chinese. promotes the construction of 600℃ USC power plants. But A three dimensional coupling model on temperature, ferritic and austenitic steels can't be used for high temperature microstructure and stress of the 30CrMo large-diameter and components of 700℃ USC plants, and nickel based alloy must be thick-wall gas cylinder during quenching process was built with considered. The technological characteristics of heat resistant alloy use of finite element numerical simulation technology. used for 700℃ USC steam turbine rotor were introduced. The Temperature distribution, phase transition and stresses variation of latest research results on material selection and commercial the gas cylinder during quenching processes were investigated. manufacture in Europe, America and Japan was reviewed. Two quenching processes are compared, i.e. quenching immersed Moreover, the development of heat resistant alloy for 700℃ USC in a water groove and quenching intermittent sprayed inside with turbine rotor in China was discussed. continuous water sprayed outside on the cylinder respectively. Keywords: 700℃ ultra-supercritical unit; heat resistant alloy; Numerical simulation results show that the temperature difference turbine rotor between the internal surface and the outside surface of the cylinder was very large and a higher peak value of quenching heat stress TF 0449-749X-201501000066 emerged during quenching immersed in the water groove, which Research progress on the fiberization mechanism of molten would lead to a large deformation of the gas cylinder and the shell slags. ZHANG Yu-zhu, ZHANG Zun-qian, XING Hong-wei, et al. could not be through hardened completely. The cooling intensity Iron and Steel, 2015, 50(1): 66–68. In Chinese. was reasonable under the quenching process by intermittent The preparation of slag fibre using melt fiberization method has

122 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts become a new way of effective utilization of resources. The study were 55%A-34%CA6-6%C2AS-4%Fe, 64%A-35%C2AS-2%Fe of molten slag was generally based on the Newtonian fluid or and 24%C2S-62%C12A7-7%C2AS-4%C3AS3-3%Fe respectively. Non-Newtonian fluid respectively. However, because of the When the slag basicity was 3.85, the reduction smelting slag is change of temperature and other factors, the process of fiberization mainly composed of C2S and C12A7, which mass percent is about of molten slag experienced a transition from Newtonian fluid to 85%. Only when the mixture is close to the slag line of C2S-C12A7

Non-Newtonian fluid, and both of the two states would have an (R=3.85), the C2S and C12A7 will appear in the cooling impact on its process of fiberization. A review was made on the crystallization equilibrium phase. fiberization mechanism of molten slag, a visualize of dividing the Keywords: direct reduction; high-iron bauxite; C2S-C12A7 system; process of fiberization into Newtonian fluid state and iron nuggets; slag composition Non-Newtonian fluid state was put forward and the guideline for further research of the fiberization mechanism of molten slag was TF 0449-749X-201502000038 provided. Surface longitudinal crack of slab and property of mold slag Keywords: molten slag; fiberization mechanism; Newtonian fluid; for continuous casting of peritectic steel. CAO Lei. Iron and Non-newtonian fluid Steel, 2015, 50(2): 38–42. In Chinese. A lot of longitudinal cracks were observed on the surface of TF 0449-749X-201501000069 250 mm×1820 mm wide heavy slab containing 0.120%-0.150% Retrospect and prospect of the technology of phosphatic slag carbon, produced using the protecting slag for peritectic steel in treatment. LIANG Qiang, ZENG Jia-qing, QI Yuan-hong. Iron one Wide Heavy Plate Plant. These surface longitudinal and and Steel, 2015, 50(1): 69–75. In Chinese. subsurface cracks have been effectively controlled by improving The research status and the characteristics of the technology for the basicity of mold powder, decreasing mold powder viscosity phosphatic slag treatment were analyzed. Re-sults show that there and improving the heat transfer between the mold wall and the were some problems in the recycle technology of phosphatic slag, slab shell. The reason for the slab with 0.090%-0.120% carbon be such as simple low-level utiliza-tion, high energy consumption, free of surface cracks is the segregation crystallization, which unsuitability for batch processing or industrial-scale production. causes the carbon content in the initial solidified shell is lower Therefore, it is very neces-sary to improve the recovery efficiency than 0.090%. and optimize the utilization of residues, which has been the Keywords: peritectic steel; continuous casting; mold powder; development trend for resource utilization《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 of the phosphatic slag. surface longitudinal crack On the purpose of recycling phosphorus resource in the phosphatic slag, the technology route that phosphoric acid preparation used TF 0449-749X-201502000022 rotary hearth furnace by solid-solid gasification dephosphorization Theoretical and thermal simulation of titanium removal in through carbon reduction and residues used as the converter combined blown converter. WUWei, NI Bing, LIU Zhuang- auxiliary materials was proposed. Through thermodynamics and zhuang, et al. Iron and Steel, 2015, 50(2): 22–26. In Chinese. dynamics analysis, it shows that the technology route is a new The titanium removal in BOF converter process was simulated resourceful utilization method of efficiency, low energy by experiment in 500 kg intermediate frequency induction furnace consumption and environmental protection, and it has great with top and bottom blowing function, and the reaction significance for the promotion of energy conservation and mechanism of titanium oxidation was investigated. The results emission reduction as well as sustainable development of iron and showed that the average end point mass percent of Ti in hot metal steel enterprises. was 0.0082% and the rate of titanium removal was 71.3%. In Keywords: rotary hearth furnace; secondary resource; phosphatic summary, Ti removal rate is decreased with the increase of hot slag; phosphoric acid; resourceful utilization metal temperature, but increased with the increase of the of oxygen supply to the molten pool. There is a balance relationship TF 0449-749X-201502000017 between the end point Ti content and the end point Si content in Slag composition mechanism based reduction and smelting of hot metal as well as Ti and Mn. However, the end point Ti content carbon composite bauxite pellets. ZHANG Ying-yi, SHI is not associated with carbon oxidation. Ti distribution ratio Xue-feng, QI Yuan-hong, et al. Iron and Steel, 2015, 50(2): 17–21. between slag and hot metal ranges from 0.6 to 1.6, and it is In Chinese. increased with the increase of (FeO) content in slag, but decreased The smelting slag reaction mechanism was studied by with the increase of hot metal temperature. The experimental thermodynamic analysis and coal-based direct reduction and result is consistent with the theoretical analysis which indicates smelting experiment. The experiment result shows that the slag that the reaction of titanium oxidation is more conducive to occur basicity has an important influence on iron nuggets size, metal at lower temperature. yield and slag composition. When the basicity were 1.00, 2.00 and Keywords: pretreatment of hot metal; titanium removal; top and 3.85, the iron nuggets yield were 91.55%, 44.53% and 88.48% bottom combined blown; BOF; thermal simulation respectively, the iron nuggets size were 15.50, 7.00 and 8.54mm respectively, and the smelting slag composition (mass percent)

123 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 injection Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Radio Electronics and Telecommunication Technology TE39 1003-5214-201501000082 Preparation of Boron-Titanium Composite Crosslinking Agent TN957.52 1009-5896-201501000001 and Its Application in Fenugreek Gum Fracturing System. A Ship Target Discrimination Method Based on. Su Wu-ge, HUAN Can-can, LI Xiao-rui, YANG Xiao-wu, et al. Fine Wang Hong-qiang, Deng Bin, et al. Journal of Electronics & Chemicals, 2015, 32(1): 82–86. In Chinese. Information Technology, 2015, 37(1): 1–8. In Chinese. In order to prepare a fenugreek gum thickener, sodium tetraborate, Traditional frequency agility ISAR imaging method suffers from butyl titanate, triethanolamine, glycerin and glycol were used as high sidelobe and low resolution. To improve the resolution, by raw materials to synthesize organic titanium boron crosslinking exploiting the sparsity of targets in the received echo, this paper agent, and meanwhile fenugreek gum fracturing fluid was uses the sparse Bayesian algorithm, namely Expansion- prepared. The effects of the ratio between the main agent and Compression Variance-component based method (ExCoV), to ligand material, reaction temperature and reaction time on the reconstruct the ISAR image from the original Compressed Sensing gelling properties of crosslinking agent were studied. The results (CS) ISAR data. By taking into account of the prior information of show that when the m (sodium tetraborate) :m (butyl titanate) =1:4, the sparse signal and the additive noise encountered in the m (triethanolamine) :m (glycerin) =1:2, reaction temperature is 70 measurement process, the sparse recover algorithm under the ℃, and reaction time is 3 h, the crosslinking agent has the optimal Bayesian framework can reconstruct the scatter coefficient better performance. Under the conditions of w (fenugreek gum solution) than the traditional methods. Different from the Sparse Bayesian =0.4%, crosslinking ratio m (fenugreek gum solution) :m (titanium Learning (SBL) endowing variance-components to all elements, boron crosslinking agent) =100: (0.4-0.6), the performance of the the ExCoV only endows variance-components to the significant fenugreek gum fracturing fluid was examined, which shows that signal elements. This leads to much less parameters and faster the time delay was 150 s, and the shearing resistance and implementation of the ExCoV than the SBL. The simulation temperature tolerance were good. Under normal temperature, results indicate that it can conquer the problem brought by when the sand ratio was 30% in volume, the settling velocity was traditional methods and achieve high precision agility ISAR 0.009 mm/s, gel breaking liquid viscosity was lower than 5 mPa·s, imaging under the low SNR. and it did the least damage to the 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅reservoir. Keywords: ISAR; Frequency agility; Comressed Sensing (CS); Keywords: fenugreek gum; boron titanium crosslinking; time Sparse Bayesian Learning (SBL) algorithm; Expansion- delay; temperature resistance; gel breaking; oil-field chemicals and Compression Variance (ExCoV) component petroleum additives TN957.51 1009-5896-201502000276 TE39 1003-5214-201501000037 Active Repeater Jamming Suppression Using Polarimetric Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of a Gemini Surfactant Monopulse Radar. Li Yong-zhen, Hu Wan-qiu, Chen Si-wei, et al. Used for Reducing Water Injection Pressure and Improving Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2015, 37(2): Injection Capacity. LI Hai-tao, LIU Mei-yao, XIE Chong-wen, et 276–282. In Chinese. al. Fine Chemicals, 2015, 32(1): 37–41. In Chinese. The active repeater jamming is a very important jamming In order to tackle the problem of high water injection pressure in technique in the modern warfare, especially for the air defense, low permeability oil field, a new-type gemini surfactant MT-01 is anti-missile and anti-warship operations. It becomes a serious synthesized and a series of indoor tests are implemented to threat for the modern radar systems. This paper focuses on the evaluate its performance and effect. The results show that the representative distance-deception and angle-deception artifacts in surface tension reached nadir at a low MT-01 content of 800 mg/L, radar formed by the active repeater jamming techniques. The which enabled effective prevention of clay swelling and reduction discrimination and suppression of such active repeater jamming of oil-water interfacial tension. Its good wettability also enabled with fully polarimetric mono-pulse radar is studied. The the translation of rock wettability from hydrophilic to intermediate theoretical investigations and simulation experiments demonstrate wettability. Core displacement experiments show that, in the and validate that the utilization of polarization information has the content range of 400-1000 mg/L, injecting 2 pore volume of capability to identify and suppress these jamming patterns. The gemini surfactant could achieve significant effect of reducing obtained conclusion shows great potential for the further studies water injection pressure and improving injection capacity. The and can assist the investigation of the issue that how radar can be displacement pressure could be reduced to up to 29% and the adapted to the complex electromagnetic environment. relative permeability of the water phase could be increased up to Keywords: Radar repeater jamming; Full polarimetry; 40%, which indicates that the synthesized new-type gemini Mono-pulse; Discrimination and suppression surfactant has a good application potential. Keywords: double octadecylamino polyoxyethylene ether; gemini TN966 1009-5896-201501000037 surfactants; interfacial tension; decompression and augmented Based on Fractional Fourier Transform. Shen Feng, Li Wei-

124 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts dong, Li Qiang. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, p/4 mode C-PolInSAR observation. Then, the targets can be 2015, 37(1): 37–42. In Chinese. decomposed by the numerical method, and finally both power Due to the disadvantages of a traditional GPS receiver in the contributions and scattering center of mechanisms are retrieved. The environment of weak signal are that slow convergence rate and simulation data validate the effectiveness of the decomposition serious tracking error, a GPS signal tracking algorithm is proposed, algorithm and the impacts of different wave-band and different in which the coherent integration of I/Q branch is considered as ground parameters on the decomposition results are analyzed. measurement of Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). The filter model Keywords: SAR; p/4 mode compact polarimetry; Compact of the baseband signal processing is constructed and tracking loop Polarimetric SAR Interferometry (C-PolInSAR); Model-based is closed by UKF. Then the signal parameters of GPS tracking decomposition loop can be accurately estimated. Moreover, the anti-jamming capability and tracking ability of receiver are improved in the TN911.22 1009-5896-201502000394 presence of weak signals. Simulation results demonstrate that the Construction of Quasi-cyclic Low-density Parity-check Codes tracking ability and convergence rate of proposed algorithm with a Large Girth Based on Arithmetic Progression. Zhang Yi, outperform traditional method in the case of different Carrier to Da Xin-yu, Su Yi-dong. Journal of Electronics & Information Noise ratio (C/N). Technology, 2015, 37(2): 394–398. In Chinese. Keywords: GPS; Weak signal; Tracking loop; Coherent integration To cope with the issue of determining cyclic shift coefficients of the quasi-cyclic sub-matrix in the Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density TN911.7 1009-5896-201501000103 Parity-Check (QC-LDPC) codes, a method is presented based on Center Estimation and Sparse Constraint. Zhu Jian-jun, Wei the Arithmetic Progression (AP) to compute the cyclic shift Yu-kuo, Du Wei-dong, et al. Journal of Electronics & Information coefficients. By this method, the girth of its Tanner graph is at Technology, 2015, 37(1): 103–109. In Chinese. least eight, and the cyclic shift coefficients can be expressed in Weak signal detection and high SNR seismic image generation are simple analytic expressions to reduce required memory usage. The primary tasks in detailed sub-bottom profile detection. After simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has high analyzing the principle of deconvolution based on Fractional flexibility with respect to the design of code length and rate. Fourier Transform (FrFT) and deriving the formula of time Furthermore, over an Additive White Gauss Noise (AWGN) dimensional transformation, a new detailed sub-bottom profile channel and under the Belief Propagation (BP) decoding algorithm, detection algorithm based on Fr《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅FT is proposed. The fractional the simulation result also represents that the SNR of the proposed Fourier domain (u domain) sub-bottom impulse response is QC-LDPC codes is better than the Progressive Edge-Growth (PEG) achieved by u domain deconvolution and the intraband SNR is codes close to 0.3 dB at the code length of 1008 and BER increased by u domain windowed filtering technique, then high performance of 10-5. SNR envelop of u domain sediment impulse response envelop is Keywords: Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check (QC-LDPC) transformed to time domain by time dimensional transformation to codes; Arithmetic Progression (AP); Girth; Quasi-cyclic sub- get high quality sub-bottom profile. Simulation and experimental matrix data processing validate the validity of the algorithm in intraband denoising and detailed detection, and its performance is better than TN929.5 1009-5896-201501000175 pulse compression and AutoRegressive (AR) forecast filtering. Dynamic Spectrum Allocation for LTE System. Liu Qin, Li Keywords: Signal processing; Sub-bottom profile; Detailed Hong-xia, Li Zhao, et al. Journal of Electronics & Information detection; Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT); Intraband Technology, 2015, 37(1): 175–181. In Chinese. denoising; Time dimensional transform Traditional Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR) can not adapt to dynamic traffic distribution in Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, leading TN958 1009-5896-201501000022 to imbalanced spectral efficiency in cell center and edge area. In Change Detection in SAR Imagery. Guo Sheng-long, Li Yang, order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a Dynamic Yang Shi-lin, et al. Journal of Electronics & Information Spectrum Allocation scheme for LTE system by exploiting Technology, 2015, 37(1): 22–28. In Chinese. Cognitive capability (Cog-DSA). By exploiting inter base station The model-based target decomposition is one of the most cooperation, spectrum use status is acquired. Then the available fundamental applications to the polarimetry SAR. However, it can spectrum set is determined and co-channel interference from only retrieve the power information of three scattering adjacent cells is evaluated. Finally, dynamic spectrum borrowing mechanisms with polarimetric SAR data. By applying this and service base station selection are implemented. Simulation model-based decomposition technique to the p/4 mode Compact results demonstrate that the proposed Cog-DSA method can Polarimetric SAR Interferometry (C-PolInSAR) data and effectively improve the spectrum utilization, mitigate inter-cell decomposing the cross correlation matrix, this study can obtain the interference and significantly raise cell edge users'transmission power contributions of three scattering mechanisms as well as rate. their scattering phase center. Firstly, this study introduces the Keywords: Wireless communication; Spectrum allocation; Long models corresponding to the three scattering mechanisms under Term Evolution (LTE); Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR); Cognitive

125 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 technology delineate in vivo physiological and pathological activities at cellular and molecular levels, and it has been widely used for TN957.51 1009-5896-201502000283 diagnosing, managing diseases, metastasis detection and drug Forest Parameters Inversion Based on Nonstationarity development. From a mathematical perspective, this paper mainly Compensation and Mapping Space Regularization. Lu Hong-xi, focuses on the forward problem and inverse problem in biological Song Wen-qing, Li Fei, et al. Journal of Electronics & Information tissues based on the radiative transfer equation (RTE). The Technology, 2015, 37(2): 283–290. In Chinese. forward problem is accustomed to describing photon propagation Forest parameters inversion is an important application of in biological tissues and the inverse problem is used to reconstruct Polarimetric Interference Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolInSAR). internal source distribution from the signal detected on the The traditional inversion method does not take into account the external surface. We also introduce the detailed derivation of the amplitude and phase non-stationary of observation, and its RTE and Robin boundary condition and discretization of the non-uniform distribution effect on the estimation of the principal forward problem, along with the reconstruction methods and linear change direction. Aiming at these problems, an amplitude iterative solution algorithms summarized for the inverse problem. and phase calibration approach is proposed to compensate the Finally, the current and future challenges of optical molecular polarization coherence matrix nonstationarity, to enhance the imaging are discussed. This survey aims to construct a performance of complex coherences estimation. Moreover, this mathematical method, a state-of-the-art framework for optical paper develops a Mapping Space Regularization (MSR) molecular imaging, from which future research may benefit. technology which promises to be able to eliminate the Keywords: radiative transfer equation (RTE); regularization non-uniform distribution effect of sample coherences on the linear method; source reconstruction; optical molecular imaging; variation of complex coherences. Based on MSR, the Principal mathematical method Component Analysis (PCA) is further introduced to the linear variation model extraction. Processing results of ESA PolSARpro TN92 1009-5896-201502000411 simulated data verify the better robustness and estimation accuracy Multi-cell Cooperative Scheduling and Power Control in of the proposal in forest parameters inversion. SC-FDMA Systems. Niu Jin-ping, Su Tao. Journal of Electronics Keywords: Polarimetric Interference SAR (PolInSAR); Forest & Information Technology, 2015, 37(2): 411–416. In Chinese. parameters inversion; Signal nonstationarity compensation; Inter-cell interference is a major factor that limits the performance Mapping Space Regularization《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 (MSR); Principal Component of multi-cell systems. In this paper, a cooperative scheduling and Analysis (PCA) power control algorithm for Single-Carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) multi-cell systems is proposed to TN918 1009-5896-201502000417 deal with the inter-cell interference in Long Term Evolution (LTE) Integral Cryptanalysis of Reduced Round FOX64. Guo Rui, Jin uplink. It performs scheduling and power control for each cell Chen-hui. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2015, separately, which schedules users first and then configures the 37(2): 417–422. In Chinese. transmit power for each user. The proposed algorithm performs FOX family block ciphers are based on Lai-Massey scheme. scheduling by first estimating the inter-cell interference and then Firstly, the evaluation is performed on the ability of the reduced assigning resources to users. When optimizing the user's transmit round FOX64 to resist zero-correlation linear cryptanalysis, and power, the performance variation of both the objective cell and some 4-round zero-correlation linear distinguishers are presented. other interfering cells is considered. Furthermore, a power control Then, by using the relation between the integral distinguishers and algorithm with low-complexity is proposed, which only considers zero-correlation distinguishers, the 4-round integral distinguishers the performance change of several cells interfered most by the of FOX64 are found. Finally, the 4-round integral distinguishers objective cell and estimates the performance change of all other are used to attack 5, 6, 7 and 8 rounds FOX64 with the time cells by introducing a compensation factor, when optimizing the complexity of 252.7, 2116.7, 2180.7 and 2244.7 encryptions respectively, transmit power of each user. Simulation results demonstrate the and the data complexity is 250 chosen plaintexts. This is the first effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in cell average and cell paper pointing out that 8-round FOX64/256 is vulnerable against edge throughput. the statistical attack. Keywords: Wireless communication; Long Term Evolution (LTE); Keywords: Cryptography; Block cipher; Cryptanalysis; FOX 64 Uplink; Multi-cell; Scheduling; Power control algorithm; Zero-correlation integral cryptanalysis TN958 1009-5896-201502000328 TN2 1674-733X-201503031101 Parameter Estimation for the K-distribution in PolSAR Mathematical method in optical molecular imaging. LENG Imagery Based on Hybrid Moments. Cui Hao-gui, Liu Tao, ChengCai, TIAN Jie. Science China Information Sciences, 2015, Jiang Yu-zhong, et al. Journal of Electronics & Information 58(3): 031101. In English. Technology, 2015, 37(2): 328–333. In Chinese. Optical molecular imaging is an important technique of studies at The K-distribution is usually used to model the Polarimetric molecular level and provides promising tools to non-invasively Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) imagery. The parameter

126 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts estimation method for K-distribution is very important, which scattering characteristics of the outfield targets. Thus researching affects the fitting degree of the model. However, the classical the EM scattering characteristics of targets from the perspective of method of matrix log-cumulants relies upon a nontrivial inversion 3-D SAR imaging is becoming an emerging hot field. Based on of a nonlinear equation, which introduces a computationally the background above, firstly, the near field 3-D imaging process expensive stage into the estimation procedure. Moreover, the bias in wave-number domain is deduced from the Stratton-Chu integral is large when the sharp parameter α is smaller than 1. Therefore, a equation and the physical meaning of 3-D SAR imaging is new method for estimating the sharp parameter of K-distribution explained. Then, the principle of targets' Radar Cross Section based on is|z|r lg|z| proposed. This method is more adaptable to (RCS) Near-Field-to-Far-Field Transformation (NFFFT) based on parameter estimation under different sharp parameters, and the 3-D SAR imaging is elaborated and the method of scattering performance is better than matrix log-cumulantes when α is center extraction from 3-D SAR image is introduced and the small. In addition, the proposed estimator has an analytical algorithm of targets' RCS NFFFT based on 3-D SAR imaging expression at r=1/d, which allows rapid caculation. Finally, the technique is presented. Finally, though some experiments using the estimation accuracy of this new estimator is compared with FEKO software, five scattering points' observing angle previous ones through simulation data and real data. The results characteristic curve and frequency characteristic curve are gotten. show that the new estimator is effective and robust, which is of Through the comparative experiments with the ideal situation, the practical value in solving the accurate parameter estimation of effectiveness of the RCS NFFFT algorithm is validated. K-distribution. Keywords: 3-D SAR imaging; Stratton-Chu integral equation; Keywords: Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR); Near-Field-to-Far-Field Transformation (NFFFT) Hybrid moment; K-distribution; Parameter estimation TN407 1009-5896-201502000477 TN92 1009-5896-201502000405 Research on Test Scheduling of 3D NoC under Number Reciprocity Calibration for Base Station Antenna in Massive Constraint of TSV (Through-Silicon-Vias) Using Evolution MIMO Time Division Duplex Systems. Gu Zhe-qi, Zhang Algorithm Based on Cloud Model. Xu Chuan-pei, Chen Jia-dong, Zhong-pei. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, Wan Chun-ting. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2015, 37(2): 405–410. In Chinese. 2015, 37(2): 477–483. In Chinese. The downlink transmission performance of the massive MIMO As Through-Silicon-Vias (TSVs) in three-Dimensional Network- Time Division Duplex (TDD) 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅system is bottlenecked by the on-Chip (3D NoC) accompany some overhead such as the cost and channel reciprocity errors called antenna reciprocity errors. the area, in order to optimize the number of TSVs of 3D NoC in Antenna reciprocity errors are caused by the mismatch and mutual test mode and reduce the test time, a new method using evolution coupling between antennas. In order to compensate antenna algorithm based on cloud model is proposed to research on the test reciprocity errors of the base station, a reciprocity calibration scheduling of 3D NoC and the impact of TSVs number and their algorithm is proposed in this paper, which can reduce the impact allocation in each layer on 3D NoC test. This method combines of channel estimate errors by using total least square estimation the cloud evolution algorithm with niche technology and and increasing channel measurement samples. Rayleigh quotient hybridization technique in genetic algorithm. It uses effectively the iteration is also used to reduce the complexity of the reciprocity concepts of heredity, natural selection and community diversity to calibration algorithm in this paper. Simulation results reveal that improve the quality of the algorithm on optimizing speed and the algorithm proposed in this paper can achieve 1.8 dB precision. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed performance gain with respect to the traditional one proposed in method can not only effectively prevent from running into local references when the antenna reciprocity errors of user equipments optimization solution, but also improve the ability and speed of are ignored. When the antenna reciprocity errors of user searching the best solution, and that TSVs number of 3D NoC can equipments are considered, the performance of the proposed be optimized to improve the TSVs' utilization. algorithm increases with the decreasing variance of the channel Keywords: Three-Dimensional Network-on-Chip (3D NoC); estimation errors. Through-Silicon-Via (TSV); Cloud model; Evolution algorithm Keywords: Wireless communication; Massive MIMO; Channel reciprocity errors; Reciprocity calibration TN957.51 1009-5896-201501000029 Super-resolution Reconstruction of SAR Section Based on TN957.52 1009-5896-201502000297 Scattering. Zhang Xue-feng, Chen Bo, Wang Peng-hui, et al. Research on Methods of Targets' RCS Near-field-to-far-field Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2015, 37(1): Transformation Based on 3-D SAR Imaging. Zhang Xiao-ling, 29–36. In Chinese. Chen Ming-ling, Liao Ke-fei, et al. Journal of Electronics & In target recognition community, when dealing with large-scale Information Technology, 2015, 37(2): 297–302. In Chinese. and complex distributed data, it is very expensive to train a Microwave 3-D imaging technique can accurately separate and classifier using all input data and the underlying structure of the extract the attractive targets from the background noise. So it can data is ignored. To overcome these limitations, the Mixture-of- be utilized to analyze and study the ElectroMagnetic (EM) Experts (ME) system is proposed, which partitions the input data

127 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 into several clusters and learns a classifier for each cluster. condition. Then the expression form of 2D geometric feature in However, in the traditional ME system, the number of experts are radar image is analyzed with respect to different intervals, the fixed in advance and clustering procedure and the classification mapping relationships between ISAR images under various target tasks are de-coupled. To deal with these problems, a Dirichlet attitudes and the 2D geometric feature of target are established, Process mixture of Latent Variable Support Vector Machine and an 2D geometric feature inversion method for midcourse (DPLVSVM) is proposed. In DPLVSVM model, the number of targets based on ISAR image is proposed. The proposed method clusters is chosen automatically by DP mixture model, and the can stably estimate the 2D geometric feature of midcourse targets linear Latent Variable SVMs (LVSVM) are employed in each under all attitudes during the midcourse flight, which is verified by cluster. Different from previous algorithms, in DPLVSVM, the the simulation experiments with electromagnetic computed data clustering procedure and LVSVM are jointly learned to gain and measured data in anechoic chamber. infinite discriminative clusters. And the parameters can be inferred Keywords: Target recognition; Midcourse target; Two-Dimensional simply and effectively via Gibbs sampling technique. Based on the (2D) geometric feature; ISAR image; Inversion experimental data obtained from the synthesized dataset, Benchmark datasets and measured radar echo data, the TN958 1009-5896-201502000309 effectiveness of proposed method is validated. Two-dimensional Imaging Using MIMO Radar and ISAR Keywords: Target recognition; Mixture-of-Experts (ME) system; Technique Based on Linear Array. Dong Hui-xu, Zhang Dirichlet Process (DP) mixture model; Latent Variable Support Yong-shun, Feng Cun-qian, et al. Journal of Electronics & Vector Machine (LVSVM) classifier Information Technology, 2015, 37(2): 309–314. In Chinese. In view of the uneven imaging data caused by the uneven TN957.51 1009-5896-201502000291 space-time array in the MIMO-ISAR imaging, the echo signal Translation Compensation and Resolution of Multi-ballistic model of a target is established based on a linear array, an imaging Targets in Midcourse. Hu Xiao-wei, Tong Ning-ning, Dong algorithm that focuses on the cross-range direction following Hui-xu, et al. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, range unit is proposed. The range compensation is applied firstly, 2015, 37(2): 291–296. In Chinese. which can make range profiles that distribute in the space-time Time-frequency image of multi-ballistic targets is composed of domain align at the initial position of target. Then phase changes micro-Doppler of multi-targets with multi-scattering centers, caused by motion in unconcerned direction are compensated. which makes the methods for《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 single target invalid. Firstly, Finally, the range profiles are focused in the cross-range direction micro-Doppler of precessing missile and swinging decoy is following range unit by coherent addition. The algorithm is not analyzed. Considering midcourse ballistic targets' characteristics restricted by the structure of the array and the processing of that the motion is stable and the acceleration is approximately a uniformity is not needed. In addition, it can determine the ISAR constant in short time, Radon transform is applied to the detection image scale in the cross-range direction. The simulation results of linear degree of the micro-Doppler, then motional parameters verify the validity of the proposed algorithm. are estimated based on minimum entropy criteria and Gauss fitting. Keywords: MIMO-ISAR imaging; Range compensation; After compensating translation, Viterbi algorithm is used to extract Focusing in the cross-range direction micro-Doppler from the time-frequency image, with which multi-targets can be resolved according to the principle that TN959.73 1009-5896-201502000334 scattering centers on one target are with the same micro-Doppler Two-stage Reduced-dimension Adaptive Processing Method cycles, but those on different targets are not. Finally, Simulations Based on the Spatial Data Decomposition. Zhou Yan, Feng verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Da-zheng, Zhu Guo-hui, et al. Journal of Electronics & Keywords: Ballistic targets; Micro-Doppler; Translation Information Technology, 2015, 37(2): 334–338. In Chinese. compensation; Radon transform; Multi-targets resolution The traditional post-Doppler adaptive processing approaches such as Factored Approach (FA) and Extended Factored Approach (EFA) TN95 1009-5896-201502000339 can significantly reduce the computation-cost and training sample Two Dimensional Geometric Feature Inversion Method for requirement in adaptive processing. However, their clutter Midcourse Target Based on ISAR Image. Xu Shao-kun, Liu suppression ability is considerably degraded with the increasing Ji-hong, Yuan Xiang-yu, et al. Journal of Electronics & number of antenna elements. To solve this problem, a two-stage Information Technology, 2015, 37(2): 339–345. In Chinese. reduced-dimension adaptive processing method based on the This paper focuses on Two Dimensional (2D) geometric feature decomposition of spatial data is proposed. This method inversion method of midcourse targets, serving for the target decomposes the spatial data after Doppler filtering into a recognition problem of ballistic missile defense system. Based on Kronecker product of two short vectors. Then a bi-quadratic cost the figuration characteristic of midcourse targets, a stable function is obtained. The circular iteration is applied to solve the characteristic quantity, which describes the 2D geometric optimal weight. Experimental results show that the proposed configuration of target, is proposed. The characteristic quantity is method has the advantages of fast convergence and small training independent on the target attitude variation and radar work samples requirement. It has greater clutter suppression ability

128 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts especially in small training samples support compared with FA and summarized. The types of monosaccharide composition can be EFA. obtained primarily based on the adjacent m/z difference of B/C Keywords: Radar signal processing; Space-Time Adaptive fragment ions. The resolution and ionization efficiency of Processing (STAP); Clutter suppression; Reduced-dimension oligosaccharides can be improved by combination with chromatography separation techniques or derivatization methods, Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry and then the molecular weight and degree of polymerization of oligosaccharides can be measured. The information of redu-cing Chemistry residue and partial sequence of oligosaccharides can be obtained by means of tandem mass spectrometry and characterized O641 0251-0790-201501000110 derivatization of the reducing end. The types and particular Adsorption Behavior of Hydrophobin Proteins on Surface of locations of residues can be determined according to their specific Mica. HE Jia, FENG Xizeng, SHAO Xueguang, et al. Chemical fragment ions and abundance. In addition, the branches of Journal of Chinese Universities, 2015, 36(1): 110–115. In Chinese. oligosaccharide usually occur glycoside bond breakage as a unit or Atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted produce D ions, which can be used to determine the branch points. to elucidate the adsorption beha-vior of hydrophobin protein The sulfate groups in different sites can be obtained by their (HFBI) on the hydrophilic mica surface. Six independent specific cross-ring fragments. The summarization of fragmentation simulations starting from three representative initial orientations of rule of oligosaccharides in ESI-MS provides a guidance to the HFBI toward the surface were performed. The adsorbed patches structure and sequence analysis of unknown oligosaccharides. are clustered into two classes, namely the α-helix and the Keywords: Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; N-terminal part. The main secon-dary structures of protein were Oligosaccharide; Fragmentation rule; Sequence analysis preserved in the entire course of adsorption due to four disulfide bonds. Furthermore, binding free energies of five different O65 0253-3820-201502000218 adsorbed residues were calculated employing the adaptive biasing Characterization and Investigation of Reduction Capacity of force method. The results showed that Lys was the key residue for Hydrophilic Organic Matter from Compost and its Influence the adsorption. It can be deduced that the adsorption of HFBI via Factors. CUI Dong-Yu, HE Xiao-Song, XI Bei-Dou, et al. the α-helix part consisting of Gln36, Asn37, Lys50, and Thr51 is Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 43(2): 218–225. In most energetically favored. Electrostatic《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 interactions constitute the Chinese. main driving forces responsible for the adsorption of HFBI on the Reduction capacity (RC) is an important index to evaluate the mica surface. In the most stable adsorbed structure, the redox ability of dissolved organic matter. In order to determine the hydrophobic patch was exposed in the aqueous media, leading to RC, hydrophilic organic fractions (HyI) isolated from dissolved the reduction of the wettability of mica. organic matter extracted from the uncomposted and composted Keywords: Hydrophobin protein; Mica; Molecular dynamics samples were used as electron donators and mediators, and three simulation; Free-energy calculation; Adsorbed structure; Adaptive kinds of irons were chosen as electron acceptors. The results biasing force method showed that, the RC values from the composted sample were 15.88, 13.41 and 51.45 mmol e-/mol C for the electron acceptors

O629; O657 0251-0790-201501000001 Fe2(SO4)3, Fe(NO3)3 and FeCit, respectively, which were higher Application of Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry in than the corresponding values (13.45, 11.77 and 43.16 mmol Sequence Analysis of Oligosaccharides. CHEN Huanhuan, e-/mol C) from the uncomposted sample. The electron acceptor ZHAO Xia, LUAN Xiaohong, et al. Chemical Journal of Chinese type shows a dramatic influence on the RC value of HyI. The RC Universities, 2015, 36(1): 1–8. In Chinese. value determined by FeCit was obviously higher than that

Analysis of oligosaccharide structure and sequence plays a measured using Fe2(SO4)3 and Fe(NO3)3, and the microbial significant role in unravelling the biolo-gical function of reducing capacity of the HyI was lower than the corresponding glycoconjugates. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI- native reducing capacity. By analyzing the special absorbencies

MS) is an important tool for the qualitative and quantitative (SUVA254 and SUVA280), absorbance ratios (A2/A3 and A4/A6) and analysis of oligosaccharides with high sensitivity, high precision integrated area from UV-vis spectra, it can be found that the RC and high speed. Some oligosaccharides with different structural was affected by aromatic degree, unsaturated conjugated structure, characteristics, such as N-glycans, chondroitin sulfate oligo- and molecular weight. Excitation-emission matrix spectra coupled saccharides, human milk oligosaccharides, chitooligosaccharide, with regional integration analysis showed that the relative content alginate oligosaccharides, carrageenan oligosaccharides and of humic-like substances (humic-like acids and fulvic-like acids) sulfated fucan oligosaccharides are discussed in this paper. The was the main factor influencing the RC value of HyI. The results application techniques of ESI-MS and fragmentation rule of obtained can be used to characterize the redox properties of HyI, oligosaccharides in the sequence analysis of the main chain, and reveal its role in the transformation and degradation of branch sites, substitution positions of sulfate groups, as well as the pollutants during composting. monosaccharide composition and the degree of polymerization are Keywords: Hydrophilic organic fractions; Reduction capacity;

129 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra; Excitation-emission matrix 0.82, 0.45, 0.89 and 0.45 mg/L for CLE and ten impurities fluorescence spectra respectively. Keywords: Clevidipin Butyrate; High performance liquid O65 0253-3820-201502000251 chromatography; Quality control Determination of Hydroxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Soils by QuEChERS-Ultra Performance Liquid O65 0253-3820-201502000233 Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. XU Neng-Bin, Development of Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry QIAN Fei-zhong, FENG Jia-Yong, et al. Chinese Journal of for Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 43(2): 251–256. In Chinese. Compounds. YANG Fen, HE Jiu-Ming, ZHANG Rui-Ping, et al. An QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 43(2): 233–238. In simultaneous determination of eight hydroxylated polybrominated Chinese. diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) in soil samples. After being mixed A fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric method to predict with 10 mL of water, the sample was extracted with acidified and detect the antioxidant ability of phenolic compounds was acetonitrile, cleaned up by C18 and primary secondary amine developed to accelerate the pace of finding the antioxidant with (PSA). The separation of eight OH-PBDEs was performed on a higher effect and low toxicity. The effect of experimental +· + C18 column using gradient elution of acetonitrile and water as conditions on the relative peak intensity ratio of M ion to [M+H] mobile phase within 9 min. The OH-PBDEs were analyzed under ion in the FAB mass spectra of the compound was investigated, the multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with negative including matrix, scan time and concentration. The correlation of electrospay ionization. Under the optimal conditions, the antioxidant activity with the I (M+·) /I[M+H] (+) value of calibration curves were linear well in the range of 2-200 μg/L with flavonoids obtained in FAB mass spectra was studied. Then the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9936 to 0.9990, and the antioxidant activity of 12 phenolic compounds was predicted using limits of detection of eight OH-PBDEs were in the range of the above method and the results were compared with those 0.23-1.21 ng/g. At the spiked levels of 5.0 and 50 ng/g, the obtained from thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The results show average spiked recoveries for eight OH-PBDEs were between that the I (M+·)/I ([M+H]+) value of the phenolic compound 73.2% and 117.7%, with the relative standard derivations (RSDs) obtained from FAB mass spectra could reflect their antioxidant from 5.6% to 19.7%. The developed method is simple and activity, which could help to accelerate the development of the sensitive, and suitable for the rapid《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 analysis of large quantities of antioxidant drug. samples. Keywords: Antioxidant activity; Fast atom bombardment mass Keywords: Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Soils; spectrometry; Molecular ion peak; Phenolic compound; Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass Flavonoids spectrometry O65 0253-3820-201502000176 O65 0253-3820-201502000257 Electrokinetic Separation of Polystyrene Microspheres in Development and Validation of a High Performance Liquid Conductive Media on a Microfluidic Chip. SONG Ning-Ning, Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Determination of ZHANG Hao, LI Jin-Bo, et al. Chinese Journal of Analytical Ten Process-related Impurities of Clevidipine Butyrate. LIU Chemistry, 2015, 43(2): 176–180. In Chinese. Yan-Hua, LÜ Di-Ya, SONG Zhi-Yong, et al. Chinese Journal of A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) /glass microfluidic chip Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 43(2): 257–263. In Chinese. consisting of a three-layer sandwich structure and three-parallel A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic micro-electrode system was fabricated for the separation of (RP-HPLC) method coupled with DAD was developed for the polystyrene microspheres according to the particle size in high simultaneous determination of ten process-related impurities (PRI) conductive solution by electric field produced by alternating of Clevidipin Butyrate (CLE). The chromatographic separation current. The principle of electrokinetics of microspheres was carried out on a Waters symmetry C18 column (250 mm×4.6 directional movement was investigated. The results showed that, mm, 5 μm) and all components were monitored at 220 nm. The when the applied voltage was 14 V at 100 kHz, the separation mobile phase consisted of 0.05 mol/L sodium dihydrogen efficiency of 10 and 25 μm polystyrene microspheres was the best. phosphate with pH 2.5 adjusted by phosphoric acid (MPA) and a Similarly, with a voltage of 10 V at 2 MHz, the separation mixed solution of acetonitrile and methanol (3:2, V/V). Flow rate efficiency of 5 and 25 μm polystyrene microspheres could achieve was kept at 1.5 mL/min, the injection volume was 20 μL for all the highest value. Meanwhile, the voltage of 11 V at 1 MHz was injections, and the column temperature maintained at 35℃. The suitable for the separation of 5, 10 and 25 μm polystyrene method was further validated with respect to selectivity, linearity, microspheres with the separation efficiency of over 90%. At the limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision same time, the formation of the laminar region in the middle of the and accuracy. A good linearity was obtained in the measured electrode gap was the key role of microsphere separation. concentration ranges for CLE and ten impurities (r≥0.9970), and Keywords: Microfluidic chip; Electrokinetics; High-conductivity; the detection limits were 0.90, 0.24, 0.23, 0.15, 0.18, 0.18, 0.27, Polystyrene microspheres

130 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts O614.43 0251-0790-201501000055 Metal/molecule/metal junction is a conceptually basic unit in Farbrication and Characterization of Flexible, Transparent molecular electronics. The mechanism of electron transport and Self-standing Sb Doped SnO2 Electrospun Nanofiber through metal/molecule/metal junction has attracted great interest. Films. KONG Zhuang, LI Yong, LU Xianyong, et al. Chemical In general, the mechanisms for electron transport through Journal of Chinese Universities, 2015, 36(1): 55–60. In Chinese. metal/molecule/metal junctions can be divided into two

Flexible, transparent and self-standing Sb doped SnO2 (ATO) categories:coherent transport and non-coherent transport according nanofiber films were successfully fabricated by means of a low- to the phase change of tunneling electrons. In this review, the cost and scalable electrospinning process, with tin tetrachloride electron transport mechanism is illustrated briefly by employing and antimony trichloride as precursors. The as-prepared ATO energy diagrams. More-over, several extensively measured nanofiber films are typical interconnected nanofiber networks and approaches for studying metal/molecule/metal junctions, including show a single SnO2 rutile crystal structures. With increasing the I-V characteristic curve, I-t trace and conductance histogram, calcination temperature from 520 ℃ to 700 ℃ , the average transition voltage spectroscopy, shot noise, inelastic electron diameter of ATO nanofibers decrease from 200 nm to 150 nm, but tunneling spectroscopy, and thermoelectricity are introduced accompanied by an increase in the average diameter of ATO through referring to some recent publications including our works. nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the transmittance of the ATO nanofiber Keywords: Molecular electronics; Metal/molecule/metal junction; film increases from 72% to 80%, while their resistance decreases Electron transport; Self-assembly; Single molecule conductance from 5.23 Ω·cm to 2.20 Ω·cm. Importantly, after 500 cycles of bending, the self-standing ATO nanofibers show no obvious O614.33; O646 0251-0790-201501000061 electrical degradation. The ATO nanofiber films show promise for Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Solid Electrolytes application in many fields, such as flexible liquid crystal displays, Ce0.9Er0.1-xPrxO1.95+δ. LIN Xiaomin, ZHU Lili, HAN Jian, et al. solar cells and flexible and transparent functional electronics. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2015, 36(1): 61–66. In

Keywords: Electrospinning; Sb Doped SnO2 (ATO) nanofiber; Chinese. Self-standing; Flexible conducting film The microstructure and electrical conductivity of

Ce0.9Er0.1-xPrxO1.95+δ (x=0-0.08) solid electrolytes synthesized by O625.67 0251-0790-201501000081 citric sol-gel method were characterized by means of X-ray Knoevenagel Condensation Catalyzed by Novel Acidic Ionic diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman, Liquid. PAN Liya, LI Zhifeng,《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 NI Yuxiang, et al. Chemical X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Chinese Universities, 2015, 36(1): 81–86. In Chinese. XRD measurements show that all the samples calcined at 800℃

A series of novel multiacidic ionic liquids ([TEOA] [CF3COO] ) crystallize in single cubic fluorite structure. The Raman spectra based on triethanolamine were synthesized through the two-step indicate that the Ce0.9Er0.05Pr0.05O1.95+δ is cubic fluorite structure method and introduced as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation with oxygen vacancies. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis 3+ 4+ of complex active methylene compounds. [TEOA] [CF3COO] suggest that oxygen vacancies and the mixed valence Pr and Pr showed the best catalytic performance. The reactions were carried ions exist in Ce0.9Er0.05Pr0.05O1.95+δ. AFM results show that sample out at room temperature and the amount of catalyst was only 2% Ce0.9Er0.05Pr0.05O1.95+ δ sintered at 1300℃ is denser than that (molar fraction). The reaction system was applicable to a wide sintered at 1400 ℃ . The maximum conductivity of -2 range of aromatic/heteroaromatic aldehydes with the complex α- Ce0.9Er0.05Pr0.05O1.95+δ is found at x=0.05 (σ600℃=1.34×10 S/cm, substituted active methylene compounds affording the products in Ea=0.90 eV). The conductivity of Ce0.9Er0.05Pr0.05O1.95+δ increases excellent yields (92%—98%) within minutes. The reaction system by 52% in comparison with that of Ce0.9Er0.1O1.95 without Pr(σ600℃ -3 was operationally simple and the desired products could be easily =8.81×10 S/cm, Ea=0.92 eV), which suggests that co-doping separated from the reaction mixture. A plausible mechanism for with appropriate ratio of Pr can further improve the electrical the Knoevenagel reaction catalyzed by [TEOA] [CF3COO] was performance of Ce0.9Er0.1O1.95. proposed and the relevant evidences were given. In addition, the Keywords: Solid electrolyte; Erbium and praseodymium doped ionic liquid could be regenerated and recycled five timeswithout a ceria; Raman spectrum; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; significant loss of activity. Conductivity Keywords: Novel acidic ionic liquid; Knoevenagel condensation; Green chemistry; Recyclability O6 1001-6538-201501000003 Nanosurface chemistry and dose govern the bioaccumulation O641 0251-0790-201501000009 and toxicity of carbon nanotubes, metal nanomaterials and Mechanism and Characterization of Electron Transport quantum dots in vivo. Feng Zhao, Huan Meng, Liang Yan, et al. Through Metal/Molecule/Metal Junctions. YANG Yang, LIU Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(1): 3–20. In English. Junyang, YAN Runwen, et al. Chemical Journal of Chinese The chemical and biological mechanisms of life processes mostly Universities, 2015, 36(1): 9–23. In Chinese. consist of multistep and programmed processes at nanoscale levels. Although molecular electronics emerged several decades ago, it Interestingly enough, cell, the basic functional unit and platform is still concerning about fundamental issues so far. that maintains life processes, is composed of various organelles

131 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 fulfilling sophisticated functions through the precise control on the Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 43(2): 212–217. In Chinese. biomolecules (e. g., proteins, phospholipid, nucleic acid and ions) An electrochemical sensor has been developed for the selective in a spatial dimension of nanoscale sizes. Thus, understanding of determination of chlortetracycline (CTC) using the molecularly the activities of manufactured nanoscale materials including their imprinted technique. A molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) on the interaction with biological systems is of great significance in surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared by chemistry, materials science, life science, medicine, environmental electropolymerization of o-aminophenol (OAP) in the presence of science and toxicology. In this brief review, we summarized the CTC in the sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) solution using cyclic recent advances in nanotoxicological chemistry through the voltammetry (CV). The electrochemical performance of the sensor dissection of pivotal factors (primarily focusing on dose and was studied by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). A linear nanosurface chemistry) in determining nanomaterialinduced relationship between the peak current difference and the CTC biological/toxic responses with particular emphasis on the concentration was found in the range of 2.0×10-8-6.1×10-7 mol/L nanomaterial bioaccumulation (and interaction organs or target with the detection limit of 1.5×10-8 mol/L (3σ). After regeneration organs) at intact animal level. Due to the volume of manufacture by washing with the mixture of methanol and sulfuric acid, the and material application, we deliberately discussed carbon sensor showed excellent reproducibility and good stability. The nanotubes, metal/metal oxide nanomaterials and quantum dots, MIP electrode exhibited almost no response to chloramphenicol severing as representative material types to illustrate the impact of and penicillin, and very weak responses to tetracycline and dose and nanosurface chemistry in these toxicological scenarios. oxytetracycline, proving a good selectivity. Recoveries of standard Finally, we have also delineated the grand challenges in this field addition measured in the actual samples of milk and chicken meat in a conceptual framework of nanotoxicological chemistry. It is were between 86.4%-96.9%. Compared with the reported methods, noted that this review is a part of our persistent endeavor of this sensor showed a low detection limit, simple operation without building the systematic knowledge framework for toxicological derivatization, rapid response and low cost. properties of engineered nanomaterials. Keywords: Molecular imprinted polymer; Electrochemical sensor; Keywords: Bioaccumulation; Toxicity; Targeted organs; Carbon o-Aminophenol; Chlortetracycline nanotubes; Metal nanomaterials; Quantum dots O658.2 0251-0790-201501000067 O633.4 1003-5214-201501000031 Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers by Preparation and Performance 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅Comparison of Different Ionic Microwave-assisted Polymerization for the Extraction of Polyurethane/Nano-SiO2 Composite Emulsions. CAI Ling, WU Chloramphenicol from Honey. CHEN Haiyan, DING Lan, LIU Li-xia, SHI Yang-yang, et al. Fine Chemicals, 2015, 32(1): 31–36. Milan. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2015, 36(1): In Chinese. 67–73. In Chinese. Anionic hydrophilic monomer, cationic and nonionic The chloramphenicol imprinted polymers were prepared by means polyurethane/nano SiO2 composite emulsions (ASPU, CSPU, of microwave-assisted polymerization and applied for the NSPU) were respectively synthesized from 2,2-dihydroxy methyl separation and enrichment of chloramphenicol from honey. The propionic acid (DMPA), methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) and polymers were applied as solid-phase extraction materials to polyethylene glycol (YMER N-120) by sol-gel method. KH-550 extract and clean up the chloramphenicol in honey, followed by was the capping agent of prepolymer. SEM, TGA, FTIR, DSC, the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry XRD and tensile testing machine were adopted to characterize the (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The morphology of polymers was films so as to test the surface appearance, thermal properties, the characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The structure and mechanical properties of the composite films. The binding property and selectivity of polymers were evaluated and results showed that the average particle size of NSPU was the the Scatchard analysis was carried out. The polymers appeared to biggest. The order of crystallinity was NSPU>CSPU>ASPU; the be spherical in shape and had a good selectivity. The apparent order of tensile strength and shore hardness was maximum binding amount of the polymers was 427.7 μmol/g. The ASPU>CSPU>NSPU. Anionic hydrophilic monomer and cationic detection limit of chloramphenicol was 0.13 ng/g. The linearity polyurethane/nano SiO2 composite films had better thermal range and correlation coefficient of the method were 0.5-100 ng/g properties, water resistance and mechanical properties; nonionic and 0.999, respectively. The recoveries of six spiked honey polyurethane/nano SiO2 composite films had better flexibility, samples were in the range of 88%-93%. The proposed method has alkali resistance and acid resistance. been successfully applied for the detection of chloramphenicol Keywords: sol-gel procedure; waterborne polyurethane; nano from honey. silica; functional materials Keywords: Molecularly imprinted polymer; Microwave-assisted polymerization; Solid-phase extraction; Chloramphenicol; Liquid O65 0253-3820-201502000212 chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Preparation of an Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Chlortetracycline Based on Molecularly Imprinted Film. GAO O65 0253-3820-201502000226 Yang, WANG Wei, LIU Ying-Zi, et al. Chinese Journal of Qualitative Analysis of Open-Path Fourier Transform Spectra.

132 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts YU Lian-Lian, SHAO Li-Min. Chinese Journal of Analytical Universities, 2015, 36(1): 87–92. In Chinese. Chemistry, 2015, 43(2): 226–232. In Chinese. Monitoring hypoxia is very important for tumor treatment, the Open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP/FT-IR) spectra were ideal hypoxia imaging agents should have a relatively long analyzed with target factor analysis (TFA) and band-target entropy half-life and specific to hypoxic cells. However, such an ideal minimization (BTEM) respectively, with the purpose to imaging agent has not been developed until now. In order to reconstruct spectral characteristics of target molecules from develop an ideal imaging agent for monitoring hypoxia, matrices of spectra. Five sessions of continuous OP/FT-IR nitroimidazole imaging agent PnAO-1-(2-nitroimidazole) monitoring were carried out around farms. For each session, the [BMS181321] was synthesized and radiolabeled with 64Cu for spectra were arranged row-wisely in order of measuring time, 64Cu-BMS181321. The basic experimental process is as which yielded five matrices for data analysis. Results showed that follows:the BMS181321 dissolved in sodium acetate buffer 64 both BTEM and TFA could reconstruct spectral characteristics of (pH=5.5) was added to the eluent of CuCl2, and the solution was target molecules from the spectral data matrix, but the stirred and placed at room temperature for 10 min. The labelling performance of the two methods differed slightly. TFA can retrieve efficiency and radiochemical purity of 64Cu-BMS181321 were all spectral features of target molecules in the presence of over 99%, determined by radio-HPLC. The 64Cu-BMS181321 was interferences, and the reconstructed spectra are similar to stable in physiological saline for more than 15 h, which was a corresponding reference. BTEM can implement such spectral meaningful characteristic for clinical application. After quality retrieval without the reference spectrum. This work presents not control, 21.8 MBq of 64Cu-BMS181321 was injected into human only the application of BTEM method to qualitative analysis for pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse models via tale vein. Positron OP/FT-IR spectra, but also a thorough comparison between the emission tomography (PET) images were taken at 4 and 8 h after two methods. The conclusion is helpful to qualitative analysis of the injection. PET imaging in human tumor models was excellent complex multi-component systems. compared with other PET hypoxia imaging agents. In brief, the Keywords: Open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometry; research results suggest that 64Cu-BMS181321 is potential for PET Band target entropy minimization; Target factor analysis hypoxia imaging in clinical and should be further evaluated in clinic trial. O65 0253-3820-201502000181 Keywords: Nitroimidazole; 64Cu; Positron emission tomography; Quantitative Analysis of Soil by Laser-induced Breakdown Hypoxia imaging Spectroscopy Using Genetic Algorithm-Partial《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 Least Squares. ZOU Xiao-Heng, HAO Zhong-Qi, YI Rong-Xing, et al. Chinese O65 0253-3820-201502000187 18 Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 43(2): 181–186. In English. Research and Application of Analytical Technique on δ Op Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to detect of Inorganic Phosphate in Soil. ZHANG Han, WANG Jia-Ni, the compositions of soil in the air, and the quantitative analysis ZHU Yong-Guan, et al. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, model with genetic algorithm-partial least squares (GA-PLS) was 2015, 43(2): 187–192. In Chinese. established. A total of fifty-eight soil samples were split into Analytical technique on oxygen isotope composition of phosphate calibration, monitoring and prediction sets. Eleven soil in soil has important applications in biogeochemical research. As compositions including Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ba, Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3, the composition of the soil is complex with multiple oxygen

MgO, Na2O, and K2O were quantitatively analyzed. The results sources, a liable phosphate enrichment and purification technology demonstrated that, as a pretreatment method for optimizing the is important for phosphate oxygen isotope research. Here we 18 selection of spectral lines, GA could be effectively used to reduce presented a protocol on the analysis of the δ Op of inorganic the number of spectral lines for use in building PLS model, and phosphate in soil, and phosphate was purified with multiple hence simplify the quantitative analysis model. More importantly, mineral precipitations and finally precipitated as silver phosphate. for most of the soil compositions, GA-PLS could significantly The efficiency of NH4OH purification method was examined and improve the prediction ability compared with the conventional the purity of the product was verified through XRD and element

PLS model. Take Mn as an example, the root-mean-square error of analysis. The result showed that treatment of the Ag3PO4 sample prediction (RMSEP) was decreased from 0.0215% to 0.0167%, by recrystallizing with ammonia could remove the impurity and the mean percent prediction error (MPE) was decreased from efficiently without significantly modifying oxygen isotope 8.10% to 5.20%. The research provides an approach for further compositions. The validity of sample processing and reliability of improving the accuracy of LIBS quantitative analysis in soil. isotope analyses were confirmed by processing a KH2PO4 standard Keywords: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; Genetic in parallel with soil P sample. The analytical result of three soil algorithm; Partial least squares; Soil compositions analysis types indicated that this method provided good precision of 0.2‰. 18 The differences of δ Op between three soils groups are O628; O652 0251-0790-201501000087 significant (From 15.2‰ to 19.5‰) and can be used to tracing P Radio-labelling and Micro-PET Study of 64Cu Labelled sources. PnAO-1-(2-nitroimidazole) for Hypoxia Imaging. LUO Zheng, Keywords: Soil; Inorganic phosphate; Silver phosphate; Oxygen ZHU Hua, LIN Xinfeng, et al. Chemical Journal of Chinese isotope composition

133 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 O65 0253-3820-201502000300 purification technology Research Progress on Microfluidic Chip of Cell Separation Based on Dielectrophoresis. CHEN Li, ZHENG Xiao-Lin, HU O65 0253-3820-201502000207 Ning, et al. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 43(2): Self-asembled Gold Nanoparticles Coating for Solid-Phase 300–309. In Chinese. Microextraction of Ultraviolet Filters in Environmental Water. Cell separation technology is an important means for cell sorting LIU Hai-Xia, YANG Yao-Xia, Ma Ming-Guang, et al. Chinese and cell-population purification. It is the current international Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 43(2): 207–211. In research hot spot in biochemical analysis which has very Chinese. important applications in many fields such as biology, medicine, Self-assembled gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coating was fabricated agriculture and environment. This review introduces the using an etched stainless steel wire as a support on which AuNPs development status of cell separation using microfluidic chip were first deposited, then after modified with mercaptan, another based on dielectrophoresis. It expounds the working principle of layer of AuNPs was self-assembled. The AuNPs modified stainless dielectrophoresis and the key factors such as cell size, electrode steel wire was used in solid phase microextraction (SPME) shape and signals that impacts the dielectrophoresis of cell coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for separation on different types of microfluidic chip. Finally, it the determination of ultraviolet (UV) filters in environmental forecasts the future development trend of cell separation using water. The best extraction efficiencies were achieved within 30 microfluidic chip based on dielectrophoresis. min at 55℃ and at pH 7 with stirring rate of 800 r/min. Under the Keywords: Dielectrophoresis; Cell separation; Microfluidic chip; optimized conditions, the established AuNPs-SPME-HPLC Electrodes; Review method for the determination of UV filters benzophnone-3 (BP-3), 2-ethylhexyl-4-(N,N-dimethylamino) benzoate (OD-PABA), 2- O644 0251-0790-201501000024 ethylhexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (EHMC) and 2-ethylhexyl Role of Superoxide in Bioluminescence. LUO Yanling, LIU salicylate (EHS) was linear in the range of 0.004-200 μg/L. The Yajun. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2015, 36(1): limits of detection of the method were 0.43-570 ng/L (S/N=3). The 24–33. In Chinese. relative standard deviation (RSD) of AuNPs-SPME-HPLC was Following the introduction on reactive oxygen species and 1.9%-4.2% (n=5) for spiked water samples of 20 μg/L each UV superoxide, this review summarized the role of supe-roxide in filter. In the case of real water samples analyses, the recoveries of bioluminescence, and elaborated《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 theoretical and experimental spiked UV filters were 77.9%-108% with RSDs of 3.1%-8.0% research progress of superoxide reaction in several different (n=5). bioluminescent systems. The role of superoxide in Keywords: Gold nanoparticles coating; Self-assembly; bioluminescence was described in firefly, bacteria, fungi and Solid-phase microextraction; Ultraviolet filters dinoflagellate bioluminescent processes. The production, function and reaction of superoxide in bacteria bioluminescence was O65 0253-3820-201502000169 explained in details according to our recent study. Serumal Metabonomic Study on Mechanism of Schisandra Keywords: Superoxide; Bioluminescence; Electron transfer; Chinensis in Rat Diabetic Nephropathy. PI Zi-Feng, MEN Reactive oxygen species; Redox reaction Li-Hui, ZHANG Jing, et al. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 43(2): 169–175. In Chinese. O625 1003-5214-201501000059 A serumal metabonomics method based on UPLC/Q-TOF-MS was Selective Oxidation of p-tert-Butyltoluene to Synthesize p-tert- established to investigate the mechanism of Schisandra chinensis Butylbenzaldehyde over Metal-modified APO-5 Zeolites. to treating diabetic nephropathy. The diabetic model was HUANG Ke, ZHOU Wei-you, CHEN Qun. Fine Chemicals, 2015, established by feeding with high-fat and high-sucrose chow and 32(1): 59–63. In Chinese. streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection. After intragastric Metal-modified molecular sieves (MAPO-5, M=Co, Mn, Fe) have administration for 12 weeks, the content of protein and creatinine been hydrothermally synthesized and investigated in the selective in rat urine was detected. The results showed that Schisandra oxidation of p-tert-butyltoluene (PTBT) to synthesize p-tert- chinensis could reduce the content of protein in urine of diabetic butyltolualdehyde (PTBD). CoAPO-5 exhibited the best catalytic rat (p<0.05) and ameliorate the condition of diabetic nephropathy. activity. Under the optimized conditions of reaction time 6 h, The serum metabolic profiling was analysed by using PTBT 5 g (33.7 mmol), CoAPO-5 0.3 g, tert-butyl hydroperoxide UPLC/Q-TOF-MS and partial least squares-discriminated analysis 12.2 g (134.8 mmol), acetonitrile 18 mL, and reaction temperature (PLS-DA) was used for data analysis. The score of PLS-DA 70℃, the conversion of PTBT reached 15.5% with a PTBD showed that there was significant difference among the metabolic selectivity of 73.4%. Recycle runs suggested that CoAPO-5 was profile of control group, model group and Schisandra chinensis stable for at least 5 cycles without obvious changes of catalytic group (WWZ). Potential biomarkers of Schisandra chinensis activity and selectivity. ameliorating diabetic nephropathy were selected by orthogonal Keywords: APO-5 zeolite; p-tert-butyltoluene; p-tert- partial least squares (OPLS) -DA model. According to the results butylbenzaldehyde; selective oxidation; catalysis, separation and of OPLS-DA, the MS/MS data of each compound which provided

134 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts greater contribution to separation of each group were searched results showed that at the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, some of from the HMDB databases. Seven endogenous metabolites were the title compounds had scavenging effects on DPPH·, among identified as potential biomarkers such as xanthurenic acid, which 7-(5-phenylmethylene-4-phenylallylideneamino-1,2,4- palmitic amide, oleamide, uric acid, 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid, triazol-3-thioethoxy) flavone (1i) had stronger effect than the p-cresol sulfate, and p-cresol glucuronide. The results revealed others, and the title compound had relatively antibacterial activity, that Schisandra chinensis mainly affected the pathways of among which 7-(5-phenylmethylene-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-3- tryptophan metabolism, gut microbiota metabolism, purine thioethoxy) flavone (2c) had stronger effect on E. coli, S. aureus metabolism and fatty acid metabolism to treating type 2 diabetes and A. niger than the others. mellitus. The gut microbiota metabolism and purine metabolism Keywords: Triazole; Flavone; Antioxidation; Antibacterial was an important pathway on diabetic nephropathy. Keywords: Schisandra chinensis; Diabetic nephropathy; Serum; O614 0251-0790-201501000048 Metabonomics Synthesis and Characterization of 3D Flower-like α-FeOOH Nanostructures. XU Junge, LI Yunqin, YUAN Baoling, et al. O657 0251-0790-201501000074 Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2015, 36(1): 48–54. In Study on Fresh Breast Tissues by Raman Spectroscopy Based Chinese. on Robust Statistics. ZHENG Chao, ZHANG Haipeng, HAN 3D flower-like α-FeOOH nanoparticles were synthesized by Bing, et al. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2015, 36(1): means of mild-temperature reflux method, and the samples were 74–80. In Chinese. characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron A portable Raman spectrometer was used for distinguishing the microscopy (SEM). The influencing factors such as the reaction characteristics of normal, malignant and benign fresh breast time, the reaction temperature, the concentration of urea, and the tissues. Robust statistics method was used to analyze the Raman amount of ethanol were systematically investigated. The spectrum data, and a standard Raman spectral atlas of fresh breast adsorption capacity of the α-FeOOH nanoparticles for diclofenac tissues was established. Based on the spectral profiles of the sodium was also tested. The results show that the sample prepared Raman spectral standard atlas, the presence of lipids (1078, 1297, with 0.1 mol/L urea and 20% (volume fraction) ethanol at 90℃ 1437, 1653, 1746 cm-1) is indicated in normal tissue. And proteins for 6 h is in high structural uniformity with good crystal quality (1259, 1530, 1650 cm-1) are found in benign and malignant tissues. and has the best adsorption capactity of 199.2 mg/g for diclofenac Among normal, benign and maligna《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅nt tissues, proteins (1340 cm-1) sodium. The formation mechanism of the flower-like α-FeOOH and β-carotene (1534 cm-1) are found to be good discrimination nanostructures is involved with a combination of oriented parameters, which are hardly achieved by other typical statistical attachment and epitaxial overgrowth. The fresh nanonuclei are methods. The established fresh breast tissue Raman spectral formed in solution at the early reaction stage with high surface standard atlas based on robust statistics laid the foundation of energy, then aggregate together to minimize the interfacial energy. benign and malignant breast lesions identify model. The olive-like agglomerates orient into short clusters, continue to Keywords: Raman spectroscopy; Breast cancer; Robust statistics grow along z axis till the complete flower-like structures are formed. O629; Q946 0251-0790-201501000102 Keywords: 3D flower-like structure; α-FeOOH; Low-temperature Syntheses and Biological Activities of 7-(Substituted triazolo reflux; Diclofenac sodium; Adsorption property thioethoxy) flavone Derivatives. DUAN Zhifang, FU Li, LI Chongbi. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2015, 36(1): O611 0251-0790-201501000034 102–109. In Chinese. Synthesis and Characterization of a 2D Tungstovanadated Ⅵ Ⅴ Ⅴ Ⅳ Flavone and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives have many different Derivative: [Cu(en)2]2[W4.5 W2 V V9.5 O44{Cu(en)2 biological activities. According to the active groups combination (H2O)}2]·3H2O. LIU Yabing, DUAN Weijie, CUI Xiaobing, et al. principle, sixteen 7-(substituted triazolo thioethoxy) flavone Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2015, 36(1): 34–40. In derivatives were synthesized by means of the condensation Chinese. Ⅵ Ⅴ Ⅴ Ⅳ reaction of 7-bromoethoxy flavone, which was synthesized from A new compound, [Cu(en)2]2[W4.5 W2 V V9.5 O44{Cu(en)2

7-hydroxy flavone and 1,2-dibromoethane, with four types of (H2O)}2]·3H2O (1,en=ethy-lenediamine), was hydrothermally 1,2,4-triazole compounds, such as 3-substituted-4-phenylall- synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier ylideneamino-1,2,4-triazol-5-thiones, 3-substituted-4-phenyl-5- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles, 3-(α-naphthylmethene)-5-mercapto- spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR), 1,2,4-triazole and 3-mercapto-5-phenylallylideneamino-1,2,4- X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG) triazole. These new compounds were characterized via IR, 1H analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 NMR, MS and elementary analysis. Their scavenging effects on represents a 2D layer structure constructed from tetra-capped -· the superoxide radical (O2 ), hydroxyl radical (·OH) and bi-supporting Keggin tungstovanadates and transition metal DPPH·radical and their total reduction activities were compared, complexes. Adjacent layers are further interconnected into a 3D and the in vitro antimicrobial activities were also tested. The supramolecular structure via hydrogen bonds. The magnetic

135 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 susceptibility of compound 1 demonstrates the presence of stability condition of protein folding. Ji Xu, Mengzhi Han, Ying ferromagnetic interactions. In addition, the photocatalytic activity Ren, et al. Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(1): 76–85. In English. of compound 1 for the phtodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) Thermodynamic hypothesis and kinetic stability are currently used was also investigated. to understand protein folding. The former assumes that free energy Keywords: Hydrothermal synthesis; Tungstovanadate; Magnetic minimum is the exclusive dominant mechanism in most cases, property; Photocatalytic activity while the latter shows that some proteins have even lower free energy in intermediate states and their native states are kinetically O626 0251-0790-201501000093 trapped in the higher free energy region. This article explores the Synthesis of Novel Dipyrimidinone Diphenyl Ethers. GAO Qi, stability condition of protein structures on the basis of our study of CHEN Bang, HOU Xiaomeng, et al. Chemical Journal of Chinese complex chemical systems. We believe that separating one from Universities, 2015, 36(1): 93–101. In Chinese. another is not reasonable since they should be coupled, and protein Generally, many diphenyl ethers show good bioactivity, the structures should be dominated by at least two mechanisms advances of these kind of compounds in medical area have made resulting in different characteristic states. It is concluded that: (1) the synthesis research becoming a hot topic. In this work, through Structures of proteins are dynamic, showing multiple characteristic the Biginelli's condensation of 4,4'-diformyl diphenylethers, β- states emerging alternately and each dominated by a respective ketoesters and urea catalyzed by FeC13·6H2O, 12 novel mechanism. (2) Compromise in competition of multiple dominant dipyrimidinone diphenyl ethers were synthesized. The synthesis mechanisms might be the key to understanding the stability of mechanism of dipyrimidinone was discussed and the reaction protein structures. (3) The dynamic process of protein folding conditions were optimized. In the meantime, the synthetic method should be depicted through the time series of both its energetic and of 4,4'-diformyl diphenyl ether derivatives was also improved. structural changes, which is much meaningful and applicable than Due to the appropriate timing of the reactants and catalyst's the free energy landscape. addition, this method had the advantage of short reaction time and Keywords: Protein folding; Dynamic structure; Multiple excellent yields (90%). Finally, the preliminary toxicity testing of mechanisms; Compromise in competition; Mesoscale; Stability all the target compounds was investigated. The results showed that

EC95 of compounds 6d, 6h and 6i were smaller than the Mechanics comparison compound to Fusarium oxysporium f. s. p. niveum. 2 The compounds containing R (CF《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅3) had better biological acitivity O3 1674-7348-201504044501 than the others. A trigonometric interval method for dynamic response Keywords: Dipyrimidinone diphenyl ether; 4,4'-Diformyl analysis of uncertain nonlinear systems. LIU ZhuangZhuang, diphenylether; Biginelli reaction WANG TianShu, LI JunFeng. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58(4): 044501. In English. O614.33 0251-0790-201501000041 This paper proposes a new non-intrusive trigonometric polynomial Synthesis of Red Light-emitting Hydrotalcite-like Compound approximation interval method for the dynamic response analysis and Its Application in LED. CHEN Hong, ZHAO Xuan, GAO of nonlinear systems with uncertain-but-bounded parameters Hui, et al. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2015, 36(1): and/or initial conditions. This method provides tighter solution 41–47. In Chinese. ranges compared to the existing approximation interval methods. Red light-emitting fluorescent hydrotalcite-like compound was We consider trigonometric approximation polynomials of three synthesized by coprecipitation method, and then surface-modified types: both cosine and sine functions, the sine function, and the using silane coupling agent. The composition and structure of the cosine function. Thus, special interval arithmetic for trigonometric resulted compound was characterized by fluorescence function without overestimation can be used to obtain interval spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, results. The interval method using trigonometric approximation X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polynomials with a cosine functional form exhibits better etc. The influence of surface modification was discussed. performance than the existing Taylor interval method and Additionally, A light-emitting diode (LED) was fabricated by Chebyshev interval method. Finally, two typical numerical coating hydrotalcite-like compound onto InGaN-based LED chip examples with nonlinearity are applied to demonstrate the that emits 384 nm light. The device emits bright red light. The effectiveness of the proposed method. results indicate that red light-emitting fluorescent hydrotalcite-like Keywords: non-intrusive interval method; dynamic response compound can act as red components in the fabrication of white analysis; uncertain nonlinear systems; trigonometric polynomial LED. approximation; interval arithmetic Keywords: Light-emitting diode (LED); Hydrotalcite-like compound; Rare earth complex; Silane coupling agent O3 1674-7348-201503037002 Atomistic investigation of ablation of amorphous polystyrene O6 1001-6538-201501000076 under femtosecond laser pulse. HUANG YanHua, SONG The principle of compromise in competition: exploring ChengWei, ZHANG JunJie, et al. Science China Physics,

136 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58(3): 037002-037002. In cylindrical vessel can reduce the critical magnetic Reynolds English. number. Furthermore, the critical magnetic Reynolds number is In the present work we elucidate the thermodynamic mechanisms more sensitive to the varying electrical conductivity of the end of femtosecond (fs) laser ablation of amorphous polystyrene by wall or magnetic permeability of the side wall. For the anisotropic means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The effects of dynamo which is the mean field model of the Karlsruhe extrinsic parameter of laser pulse intensity and intrinsic parameter experiment, when the relative electrical conductivity of the side of molecular architecture on the laser ablation are further studied. wall or the relative magnetic permeability of the end wall is less Simulation results show that the laser ablation-induced polymeric than some critical value, the m=1 (m is the azimuthal wave number) material removal is achieved by evaporation from the surface and magnetic mode is the dominant mode, otherwise the m=0 mode expansion within the bulk. Furthermore, inter-chain sliding and predominates the excited magnetic field. Therefore, by changing intra-chain change also play important roles in the microscopic the material of the walls of the cylindrical vessel, one can select deformation of the material. It is found that both the laser pulse the magnetic mode excited by the anisotropic dynamo. intensity and the arrangement of phenyl groups have significant Keywords: dynamo action; mean field dynamo theory; influence on the fs laser ablation of polystyrene. electromagnetic boundary condition Keywords: polystyrene; femtosecond laser ablation; molecular dynamics; laser intensity; molecular architecture O35 1674-7348-201504044701 Effects of angle of attack on wing rock motion induced by the O3 1674-7348-201503031001 flows over slender body with low swept wing. XU SiWen, 0 Branching fractions and direct CP asymmetries of Bs → DENG XueYing. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, K0h+h'- (h (') =K,π) decays. LI Ying. Science China Physics, 2015, 58(4): 044701. In English. Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58(3): 031001-031001. In The patterns of wing rock motion at 52.5° angle of attack have English. already been investigated in detail (Rong, 2009; Wang, 2010). Motivated by the recent LHCb collaboration measurements of These patterns are completely different from those at other angles 0 charmless three-body decays of Bs meson, we calculate the of attack. This phenomenon indicates that angle of attack affects 0 0 + - 0 0 + - 0 0 branching fractions of Bs → K π π , Bs → K K K , Bs →K wing rock motion. The present study aims to examine the different + - 0 0 + - π K and Bs → K K π decay modes using the factorization patterns of wing rock motion at different angles of attack. The approach. Both the resonant and《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 nonresonant contributions are flow mechanisms of the motion patterns are also revealed, 0 0 + - 0 studied in detail. For the decays Bs → K π π and Bs → especially the uncommanded lateral motions, including wing rock K0K+K-, our results agree well with experimental data, and the and lateral deflection, induced by regular asymmetric separated former is dominated by the K*, while the latter one is dominated flow from wings at low angles of attack and forebody asymmetric by the nonresonant contribution. Considering the flavor SU (3) vortices at angles of attack of 27.5°≤α≤70°. The test 0 0 symmetry violation, the sum of branching fractions of Bs → K conditions, including the testing Reynolds number, wind tunnel, + - 0 0 + - π K and Bs → K K π could accommodate the data well too. experimental techniques, and test model, are all the same as those It should be noted that both branching fractions are sensitive to the used in a previous study at α=52.5°. Finally, the experimental scalar density . Furthermore, the resonant contributions technique of rotating nose of the model to suppress the wing rock * are dominated by the scalar K0 (1430). We hope that these or lateral deflection, which is induced by forebody asymmetric branching fractions could be measured individually in the vortex flow, is applied. The uncommanded lateral motions are experiments so as to test the factorization approach and the flavor successfully suppressed by this technique. SU (3) asymmetry. Moreover, the direct CP asymmetries of these Keywords: uncommanded motions; forebody asymmetric vortices; decays are also investigated, which could be measured in the effect of angle of attack; artificial tip perturbation; flow control running LHCb experiment and Super-b factory in the future. 0 Keywords: Bs three-body decay; factorization approach; CP O34 1674-7348-201504044601 violation Experimental investigation of the thermally induced vibration of a space boom section. SU XinMing, ZHANG JunHui, WANG O35 1674-7348-201504044702 Jing, et al. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, Effect of electromagnetic boundary condition on dynamo 58(4): 044601. In English. actions. XU MingTian. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Thermally induced vibration (TIV) is a typical failure of Astronomy, 2015, 58(4): 044702. In English. large-scale space structures. This paper reports a laboratory In this paper, based on the mean field dynamo theory, the experiment that aims to investigate this unusual structural behavior influence of the electromagnetic boundary condition on the of complex engineering structures. With the help of a Fourier dynamo actions driven by the small scale turbulent flows in a finite element program, the fixing of a space boom section is well cylindrical vessel is investigated by the integral equation approach. designed so that the TIV can be successfully observed. Although The numerical results show that the increase of the electrical the observed torsional vibration mode is different from the conductivity or magnetic permeability of the walls of the bending vibration mode predicted by the classic theory based on a

137 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 simple beam model, it can be successfully explained by the O43 1674-7348-201503039501 general thermal structural interaction theory. This demonstrates the Comparison between the time-integrated spectrum and the validity of the theoretical model and the necessity of using finite peak time spectrum of gamma-ray bursts and possible element program to analyze complex engineering structures. implications. LYU Fen, WANG YuanZhu, LIANG YunFeng, et al. Keywords: thermal-structural interaction; vibration; experiment Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58(3): 039501. In English. Physics The mono-frequency peak luminosity and the corresponding s s t photon energy of the time-integrated (Lp , Ep ) and peak time (Lp , t O55 1674-7348-201503030001 Ep ) vfv spectra were derived for a sample of 38 redshift-known An upper bound for the generalized adiabatic approximation Fermi GRBs by fitting the spectra with the Band function. It was t s t error with a superposition initial state. WANG WenHua, CAO found that Ep is generally consistent with Ep , and Lp is averagely s t t HuaiXin, LU Ling, et al. Science China Physics, Mechanics & three times larger than Lp . The slope of the Lp - Ep relation was s s Astronomy, 2015, 58(3): 030001. In English. consistent with that of the Lp - Ep relation. The photon indices in The classical adiabatic approximation theory gives an adiabatic the peak time spectrum, particularly, the index of the low energy approximate solution to the Schrödinger equation (SE) by end was, were statistically larger than that in the time-integrated s s choosing a single eigenstate of the Hamiltonian as the initial state. spectrum. These results indicate that Lp and Ep are dominated by t t The superposition principle of quantum states enables us to Lp and Ep , respectively. The difference of the spectral indices mathematically discuss the exact solution to the SE starting from a between the time-integrated and peak time spectra may be because superposition of two different eigenstates of the time-dependent of the overlap effect of a series of time-resolved spectra within a Hamiltonian H (0). Also, we can construct an approximate GRB. Our simulations, which were based on the observed spectral solution to the SE in terms of the corresponding instantaneous evolution and correlation between the energy flux and the peak eigenstates of H (t). On the other hand, any physical experiment energy within individual GRBs support our speculations. The t t may bring errors so that the initial state (input state) may be a Lp -Ep relation may be less contaminated by the overlap effect, and superposition of different eigenstates, not just at the desired it would may be an intrinsic feature of radiation physics. eigenstate. In this paper, we consider the generalized adiabatic Keywords: γ-ray sources; γ-ray bursts; gamma-rays: astronomical evolution of a quantum system starting from a superposition of observations two different eigenstates of the Hamiltonian《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 at t=0. A generalized adiabatic approximate solution (GAAS) is constructed and an O41 1674-7348-201504040302 upper bound for the generalized adiabatic approximation error is Existence and construction of simultaneous cloning machines given. As an application, the fidelity of the exact solution and the for mixed states. GUO ZhiHua, CAO HuaiXin, QU ShiXian. GAAS is estimated. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58(4): Keywords: upper bound; error; quantum adiabatic approximation 040302. In English. It is a well-known fact that the no-cloning theorem forbids the O4 1001-6538-201501000043 creation of identical copies of an arbitrary unknown quantum state. Anthropic considerations in nuclear physics. Ulf-G. Meißner. In other words, there does not exist a quantum cloning machine Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(1): 43–54. In English. that can clone all quantum states. However, it is possible to clone In this short review, I discuss the sensitivity of the generation of given quantum states under certain conditions, for instance, k the light and the life-relevant elements such as carbon and oxygen distinct pure states | Ψ 1>, | Ψ 2>,..., | Ψ k> can be cloned under changes of the parameters of the Standard Model pertinent simultaneously if and only if they are orthogonal. This paper to nuclear physics. Chiral effective field theory allows for a discusses the existence and construction of simultaneous cloning systematic and precise description of the forces between two, three machines for mixed states. It is proved that k distinct mixed states n and four nucleons. In this framework, variations under the light ρ1, ρ2,..., ρk of the n-dimensional quantum system C can be quark masses and the electromagnetic fine-structure constant can cloned simultaneously, that is, there exists a quantum channel Φ also be consistently calculated. Combining chiral nuclear effective on Mn ○× Mn and a state ∑ in Mn, such that Φ (ρi ○× ∑)=ρi ○× field theory with Monte Carlo simulations allows to further ρi for all i, if and only if ρiρj= 0 (i≠j). Also, the constructing calculate the properties of nuclei, in particular of the Hoyle state in procedure of the desired simultaneous cloning machine is given. carbon, that plays a crucial role in the generation of the Keywords: simultaneous cloning machine; quantum channel; life-relevant elements in hot, old stars. The dependence of the mixed state triple-alpha process on the fundamental constants of nature is calculated, and some implications for our anthropic view of the O41 1674-7348-201504040301 Universe are discussed. Fault tolerant channel-encrypting quantum dialogue against Keywords: Anthropic principle; Nuclear physics; Effective field collective noise. YE TianYu. Science China Physics, Mechanics & theory Astronomy, 2015, 58(4): 040301. In English. In this paper, two fault tolerant channel-encrypting quantum

138 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts dialogue (QD) protocols against collective noise are presented. Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state or a W state from a set of photon One is against collective-dephasing noise, while the other is systems in a partially entangled GHZ-like pure state or a against collective-rotation noise. The decoherent-free states, each lessentangled W-like state with known parameters, respectively. of which is composed of two physical qubits, act as traveling Our ECPs have some advantages. First, our ECPs work in a states combating collective noise. Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs, heralded way with linear-optical elements only, without the which play the role of private quantum key, are securely shared postselection based on nonlinear optics, far different from the between two participants over a collective-noise channel in previous ECPs. Second, they require only a copy of the advance. Through encryption and decryption with private quantum less-entangled photon system in each round of the entanglement key, the initial state of each traveling two-photon logical qubit is concentration process, not two copies, which decreases the privately shared between two participants. Due to quantum difficulty of their implementation in experiment largely. Third, our encryption sharing of the initial state of each traveling logical ECPs avoid checking the photon number in the output modes of qubit, the issue of information leakage is overcome. The private linear-optical elements with the sophisticated single-photon quantum key can be repeatedly used after rotation as long as the detectors. Moreover, all parties can operate the process for rotation angle is properly chosen, making quantum resource concentration simultaneously and independently, which leads to economized. As a result, their information-theoretical efficiency is flexible operations and improves the performance greatly in nearly up to 66.7%. The proposed QD protocols only need experiment. These advantages make our ECPs useful in practical single-photon measurements rather than two-photon joint applications in long-distance quantum communication network. measurements for quantum measurements. Security analysis Keywords: Heralded entanglement concentration; linear optics; shows that an eavesdropper cannot obtain anything useful about photon system; detection inefficiency secret messages during the dialogue process without being discovered. Furthermore, the proposed QD protocols can be O4 1674-7348-201503037001 implemented with current techniques in experiment. Improved efficiency of ternary the blend polymer solar cells by Keywords: quantum dialogue (QD); quantum encryption; doping a narrow band gap polymer material. ZHU XiXiang, information leakage; decoherent-free (DF) state; AN QiaoShi, HUANG Hui, et al. Science China Physics, collective-dephasing noise; collective-rotation noise Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58(3): 037001. In English.

A series of P3HT:PC71BM polymer solar cells (PSCs) with O43 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 1674-7348-201504044202 different PIDTDTQx doping concentrations were fabricated to Growth mechanism and optical properties of InGaAs/GaAsSb investigate the effect of the PIDTDTQx as a complementary Su-perlattice structures. JIN Chuan, XU QingQing, CHEN electron donor on the performance of PSCs. The power conversion JianXin. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, efficiency (PCE) of the optimized ternary blend PSCs (with 2 wt% 58(4): 044202. In English. PIDTDTQx) reached 3.87%, which is 28% higher than that of the

In this paper, we report the growth of GaAsSb and its crystalline PSCs based on P3HT:PC71BM (control cells). The short-circuit 2 property under various Sb2/As2 flux ratios and growth tem- current density (Jsc) was increased to 10.20 mA/cm compared peratures. We simulated the incorporation difference between Sb2 with the control cells. The PCE improvement could be attributed and As2 by using a non-equilibrium thermodynamic model. Our to more photon harvest and charge carrier transport by appropriate study of GaAsSb growth has successfully yielded, high quality doping PIDTDTQx. The energy transfer from P3HT to InGaAs/GaAsSb Type II superlattice for which the optical PIDTDTQx was demonstrated from the 650 nm emission intensity properties were characterized by photoluminescence at different decrease and the red-shifted emission peaks from 725 nm to 737 excitation power and temperature. A blue-shift in luminescence peak nm along with the increase of PIDTDTQx doping concentrations. energy with excitation power was observed and was described by a Keywords: ternary blend polymer solar cells; exciton dissociation; non-equilibrium carrier density model. We measured and analyzed charge carrier transport the dependences of peak energy and integrated intensity on temperature. Two thermal processes were observed from intensity O44 1674-7348-201503034201 dependent photoluminescence measurements. Light intensification effect of trailing indent crack in fused Keywords: GaAsSb; InGaAs/GaAsSb; superlattice; photolu- silica subsurface. ZHANG ChunLai, XU Ming, WANG ChunDong. minescence Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58(3): 034201. In English. O41 1674-7348-201504040303 A finite-difference time-domain algorithm was applied to solve Heralded entanglement concentration for photon systems with Maxwell's equations to obtain the redistribution of an electro- linear-optical elements. DU FangFang, DENG FuGuo. Science magnetic plane wave in the vicinity of a trailing indent crack China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58(4): 040303. In (TIC). The roles of five geometrical parameters playing in light English. intensification were calculated numerically under the irradiation of We present two nonlocal entanglement concentration protocols a 355-nm normal incidence laser. The results show that the light (ECPs) to distill a subset of N-photon systems in a Greenberger- intensity enhancements between the nearest neighbor pits were

139 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 remarkable, which may lead to damage. The calculated results Dicke state is probabilistic but heralded and the total success reveal that the light intensity enhancement factor (LIEF) can be up probability is unit. In addition, the arbitrary graph state and locally to 11.2 when TIC is on the rear-surface. With the increase of the maximally entanglable states generation is deterministic, flexible, length as well as the depth of pits, LIEF increased. Conversely, and highly efficient. Especially, with the "simultaneous" with the increase of the axis of pits, LIEF gradually declined to a generation pattern, the complexity of the graph state generation stable status. It was observed that there exists an optima width or and locally maximally entanglable states generation could be gap, which enables LIEF to be increased dramatically and then reduced greatly, providing a more efficient and feasible way to decreased gently. By comparison, results suggest that the worst generate the entangled states. cases occur when the depth and the length are both very large, Keywords: parity gate; entangled states; cross phase modulation; especially if the width equals to 2λ and the gap equals the width. c-path gate; quantum information This work provides a recommended theoretical criterion for defect inspection and classification. O43 1674-7348-201503037701 Keywords: fused silica; trailing indent crack; finite-difference Photovoltaic properties of ferroelectric solar cells based on time-domain; light intensification polycrystalline BiFeO3 films sputtered on indium tin oxide substrates. DING JianNing, CHEN MengJiao, QIU JianHua, et al. O469 1674-7348-201504047001 Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58(3): Numerical simulation of underwater explosion bubble with a 037701. In English. refined interface treatment. JIANG Liang, GE Han, FENG To study the ferroelectric photovoltaic effect based on ChengLiang, et al. Science China Physics, Mechanics & polycrystalline films, preparation of high-quality polycrystalline Astronomy, 2015, 58(4): 047001. In English. films with low leakage and high remnant polarization is essential.

With the intermediate flow states predicted by local two phase Polycrystalline BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films with extremely large 2 Riemann problem, the modified ghost fluid method (MGFM) and remnant polarization (2Pr=180 μC/cm ) were successfully its variant (rGFM) have been widely employed to resolve the deposited on glass substrates coated with indium tin oxide using a interface condition in the simulation of compressible modified radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. multi-medium flows. In this work, the drawback of the Symmetric and asymmetric cells were constructed to investigate construction procedure of local two phase Riemann problem in the ferroelectric photovoltaic effect in order to understand the rGFM was investigated in detail,《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 and a refined version of the relationship between polarization and photovoltaic response. All construction procedure was specially developed to make the examined cells showed polarization-induced photovoltaic effect. simulation of underwater explosion bubbles more accurate and Our findings also showed that the ferroelectric photovoltaic effect robust. Beside the refined rGFM, the fast and accurate particle is highly dependent on the material used for the top electrode and level set method was also adopted to achieve a more effective and the thickness of the polycrystalline film. computationally efficient capture of the evolving multi-medium Keywords: polycrystalline BiFeO3; photovoltaic effect; interfaces during the simulation. To demonstrate the improvement ferroelectric solar cells; Indium tin oxide substrate brought by current refinement, several typical numerical examples of underwater explosion bubbles were performed with original O43 1674-7348-201503034202 rGFM and refined rGFM, respectively. The results indicate that, Shaping super-Gaussian beam through digital micro-mirror when compared with original rGFM, numerical oscillations were device. DING XiangYu, REN YuXuan, LU RongDe. Science effectively removed with the proposed refinement. Accordingly, China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58(3): 034202. In with present refined treatment of interface condition, a more English. accurate and robust simulation of underwater explosion bubbles We have set up a novel system for shaping the Gaussian laser was accomplished in this work. beams into super-Gaussian beams. The digital micro-mirror device Keywords: underwater explosion; MGFM; rGFM; multi-medium (DMD) is able to modulate the laser light spatially through flow; particle level set method binary-amplitude modulation mechanism. With DMD, the irradiance of the laser beam can be redistributed flexibly and O43 1674-7348-201504044201 various beams with different intensity distribution can be produced. Optical parity gate and a wide range of entangled states A super-Gaussian beam has been successfully shaped from the generation. LIN Qing. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Gaussian beam with the use of DMD. This technique will be Astronomy, 2015, 58(4): 044201. In English. widely applied in lithography, quantum emulation and holographic Generating entangled states efficiently is a hot topic in the area of optical tweezers which require precise control of beam profile. quantum information science. With the approach presented in this Keywords: laser beam shaping; spatial light modulator; binary paper, a general parity gate could be realized and a wide range of optics; DMD; Gamma curve correction entangled states, including GHZ state, W state, Dicke state, arbitrary graph state and locally maximally entanglable states, can O55 1674-7348-201503034602 be generated flexibly. The generation of GHZ state, W state, and Simulation of residual stresses and their effects on thermal

140 Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 www.csad.org.cn Chinese Science Abstracts barrier coating systems using finite element method. ZHU optimization aiming at resonance sound radiation in thermal JianGuo, CHEN Wei, XIE HuiMin. Science China Physics, environments. The sound radiation at resonance frequencies is the Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58(3): 034602. In English. main component of response, minimization on which is likely to Thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems are widely used in provide a satisfactory design. A bi-material plate subjected to industrial gas-turbine engines. However, premature failures have uniform temperature rise and excited by harmonic loading is impaired the use of TBCs and cut down their lifetime, which studied here. Thermal stress is first evaluated and considered as requires a better understanding of their failure mechanisms. In the prestress in the following dynamic analysis; radiated sound power present study, experimental studies of isothermal cycling are firstly is then calculated through Rayleigh integral. Sensitivity analysis is carried out with the observation and estimation of microstructures. carried out through adjoint method considering the complicated According to the experimental results, a finite element model is relationship between stress-induced geometric stiffness and design established for the analysis of stress perpendicular to the TBC/BC variables. As the resonance frequency is constantly changing interface. Detailed residual stress distributions in TBC are during the optimization, its sensitivity should be considered. It is obtained to reflect the influence of mechanical properties, also noticed that mode switching may occur, so mode tracking oxidation, and interfacial roughness. The calculated results show technique is employed in this work. Some numerical examples are that the maximum tensile stress concentration appears at the peak finally discussed. of TBC and continues to increase with thermal cycles. Because of Keywords: topology optimization; thermal environment; radiated the microstructural characteristics of plasma-sprayed TBCs, cracks sound power; resonance response initialize in tensile stress concentration (TSC) regions at the peaks of TBC and propagate along the TBC/BC interface resulting in the O469 1674-7348-201504046801 spallation of TBC. Also, the inclusion of creep is crucial to failure The concept and realization of nanostructure fabrication using prediction and is more important than the inclusion of sintering in free-standing metallic wires with rapid thermal annealing. CUI the simulation. AJuan, HAO TingTing, LI WuXia, et al. Science China Physics, Keywords: residual stress; failure mechanism; finite element Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58(4): 046801. In English. method; thermal barrier coating Free-standing metallic nanostructures are considered to be highly relevant to many branches of science and technology with O4 1674-7348-201503037003 applications of three dimensional metallic nanostructures ranging Spin polarized current injection《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 and transportation in a from optical reflectors, actuators, and antenna, to free-standing double T-shaped organic spintronic device. REN JunFeng, electrodes, mechanical, optical, and electrical resonators and SONG RuiRong, YUAN XiaoBo, et al. Science China Physics, sensors. Strain-induced out-of-plane fabrication has emerged as an Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58(3): 037003. In English. effective method which uses relaxation of strain-mismatched A double T-shaped device model is constructed to investigate the materials. In this work, we report a study of the thermal annealing- spin polarized current injection and transportation properties in induced shape modification of free-standing nanostructures, which organic semiconductors. Based on the spin diffusion theory and was achieved by introducing compositional or microstructural Ohm's law and considering the different charge-spin relationship nonuniformity to the nanowires. In particular gradient, segmented of the special carriers in organic semiconductors, the current spin and striped hetero-nanowires were grown by focused-ion-beam- polarization has been obtained. Effects of the branch current ratio induced chemical vapor deposition, followed by rapid thermal and the polaron proportion on the spin polarized current injection annealing in a N2 atmosphere. Various free-standing efficiency are studied. From the calculation, it is found that the nanostructures were produced as a result of the crystalline/grain improvement of the spin polarized current injection efficiency can growth and stress relief. be obtained by adjusting the branch current ratio; moreover, high Keywords: thermal annealing; strain-induced deformation; polaron proportion in organic semiconductors is beneficial for free-standing; three-dimensional nanofabrication obtaining high current spin polarization. Keywords: organic spintronics; spin polarized current injection; O4 1674-7348-201503039502 current spin polarization The role of magnetic damping in the r-mode evolution of accreting neutron stars. CAO GuoJie, ZHOU Xia, WANG Na. O4 1674-7348-201503034601 Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58(3): Structural topology optimization on sound radiation at 039502. In English. resonance frequencies in thermal environments. YANG The magnetic damping rate was introduced in the evolution XiongWei, LI YueMing. Science China Physics, Mechanics & equations of r-modes, which shows that r-modes can generate Astronomy, 2015, 58(3): 034601. In English. strong toroidal magnetic fields in the core of accreting millisecond Thermal and acoustic environments pose severe challenges to the pulsars inducing by differential rotation. With consideration of the structural design of hypersonic vehicles. One of them is to find coupling evolution of r-modes, spin and thermal evolution, we optimal design that exhibits ideal acoustic characteristics in a investigated the influence of the magnetic damping on the frequency band, which is discussed in this paper through topology differential rotation of nonlinear r-modes of accreting neutron stars.

141 Chinese Science Abstracts www.csad.org.cn Vol. 10, No. 4, 2015 We derived the coupling evolution equations of the star involving sequence of cancer cells, and we are now stepping into an era in the magnetic damping rate in the framework of second-order which it is feasible to obtain the complete DNA sequence of large r-mode theory. The numerical results show that the magnetic cohorts of cancer patients. The International Cancer Genome damping suppressed the nonlinear evolution of r-modes since the Consortium (ICGC) launched in 2007 is devoted to coordinate saturation amplitude is reduced to a great extent. In particular, large-scale cancer genome studies in tumors from 50 different because of the presence of the generated toroidal magnetic field, cancer types and/or subtypes and systematic studies of more than the spin-down of the stars is terminated and the viscous heating 25000 cancer genomes. Several participant groups have summarized effects are also weakened. Moreover, we could obtain a stronger and published their data for various cancers. As the active members generated toroidal magnetic field in the second-order r-mode of ICGC, Chinese cancer genome investigators have contributed theory. The gravitational radiation may be detected by the research for 13 tumor types and released some research articles advanced laser interferometer detector LIGO if the amount of about esophageal, liver, bladder, and kidney cancers. As genetic differential rotation is small when the r-mode instability becomes alterations in thousands of tumors have now been catalogued, the active and the accretion rate is not very high. pancancer analysis has become the most significant role of ICGC at Keywords: neutron stars; r-mode instability; differential rotation; present. The ICGC research network will reveal the repertoire of gravitational waves oncogenic mutations, uncover traces of the mutagenic influences, define molecular subtypes for clinical implication, and enable the O57 1674-7348-201504042001 development of individual therapeutics for human cancers. Two-flavor quark matter in the perturbation theory with full Keywords: Cancer genome; International Cancer Genome thermodynamic consistency. XU JianFeng, PENG GuangXiong, Consortium; Sequencing; Mutation LU ZhenYan, et al. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2015, 58(4): 042001. In English. Pharmacy Direct extrapolation of the strong interaction between quarks in pure perturbative calculation has a problem of thermodynamic R914 1003-5214-201501000069 inconsistency. A new term determined by thermodynamic Improved Synthesis of Vildagliptin. HAN Chun-ming, YIN Jian, consistency requirement could resolve it. This new term plays an WANG Feng-yun, et al. Fine Chemicals, 2015, 32(1): 69–72. In important role at lower density in describing the equation of state Chinese. of quark matter, while it is negligible《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 at high density. Accordingly, (S)-1-(2-Chloroacetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile was synthesized the density behavior of the sound velocity becomes more from L-proline via successive reactions with chloro-acetyl reasonable, and the maximum mass of quark stars can be as large chloride, ammoniated by 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole with ammonium as two times the solar mass. bicarbonate and dehydrated by phosphorus oxychloride; 3- Keywords: perterbative QCD; quark model; thermodynamic aminoadamantanol was synthesized from 1-adamantanamine consistency hydrochloride which was previously nitrified by mixed acids, and then was replaced by alkali. This intermediate reacted with (S) -1- Medicine and Hygiene (2-chloroacetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile to produce the target compound vildagliptin. The entire route is characterized by simple Oncology and easy access to raw materials, fewer steps, facile operation, and mild reaction conditions. The total yield of vildagliptin was R73 1001-6538-201501000065 increased from 32% to 42%, with a purity of more than 99%. The The cancer genomics and global cancer genome collaboration. structure of product was characterized by means of IR, 1HNMR Xueda Hu, Huanming Yang, Jie He, et al. Science Bulletin, 2015, and MS. 60(1): 65–70. In English. Keywords: (S)-1-(2-chloroacetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile; 1- All cancers arise as a result of abnormalities occurring in the DNA adamantanamine; vildagliptin; drug and cosmetic materials

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《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 CHINESE SCIENCE ABSTRACTS (Monthly, Established in 2006) Vol