Introduction

INTRODUCTION Water is lifetime it means water is very much important for existence of organisms. It baths us and feeds us. It is the basic need of the living organism as well as plants.3\4th of the earth is covered with water. Life on earth would be impossible without water. It is a gift to man by nature. But man’s activities have made water as a source of potential danger to his health and every existence. The most basic and important benefit of fresh water is related to the health of people, ecosystem and societies. Water is also a vital resource for agriculture, manufacturing and other human activities. In urban areas, the careless disposal of industrial effluents and other wastes in river and lakes may contribute greatly to the poor quality of river water . Due to civilization and industrialization the globe has facing great problems of water pollution. Exploding population leads to hard need of water and urbanization ultimately resulting in water pollution. All kinds of byproducts come in main stream and polluting main stream represents a threat to aquatic compounds. High level of nutrients may cause eutrophicaton. Eutrophication denotes the enrichment of water body by input of organic waste containing nutrients chiefly nitrate and phosphate. Pollutant contain various organic, inorganic, degradable and non-degradable matter, heavy metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons as well as oil . Water pollution not only affect on human but also on various aquatic biotic components, aquatic micro and macro flora and other animals as well as vegetation. Because of pollution physical, chemical properties of water also get altered. The quality of water resources is usually described according to its physical chemical and biological or bacteriological characteristics. Assessment of water resource quality is an important aspect for the developmental activities of this region; because of it is the sum of water supply of Domestic, Industrial, Agriculture & aquaculture practices . It is well known that the physical and chemical properties gives a limited picture of the water quality at a particular time, while the biota ( living organism ) act as a continuous monitor of quality over a period of time. Aquatic insects live some portion of their life cycle in the water. They feed in the same ways as other insects. Zooplanktons are free swimming along on top of the animals. Their nature is different in fresh water and marine ecosystem. Zooplanktons like Rotifera, Cladocera, copepod and Ostracoda are most common and often dominate entire consumer communities. 330 species of Rotifers are recommended from India belonging to 63 genera and 25 families (Sharma and Sharma, 1998).[49] 90 species of Cladocera are recorded from India belonging to 40 genera. In this only 17% known species are considered sufficiently well described and 146 are rather well described but need further study .120 species of ostracoda are recorded from India belonging to 24 genera and 4 families. Zooplanktons adapt themselves to the habitat in which they live. Most of them have transparent body; have spine protoplasm and skeleton for protection. For food and defense, their movement is necessary. Here we are going to study various types of aquatic insects and zooplanktons. Hydrobiology is the study of inland water lakes (both freshwater and saline water), reservoir, rivers, streams, wetlands and ground water as ecological system interacting with their drainage basins and the atmosphere. The limnological discipline integrates the functional relationship of the growth adaptation, nutrient cycle, and biological productivity with species composition and describes and evaluates how a physical, chemical, and biological environment regulates this relationship. Biodiversity is essential for stabilization of ecosystem protection of overall environmental quality for understanding intrinsic worth of all species on the earth . Fish diversity of river essentially represents the fish faunal diversity and their abundance. River conserves a rich variety of fish species which support to the commercial fisheries. • Origin of the research problem The present work is interested on hydro biological studies and icthyofaunal diversity of Bhima River with respect to eastern part of Pune area. Mula, Mutha, Pawana and Indrayani rivers flow through Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporations and join the Bhima River. Serious pollution is caused due to the daily release of 700 million liters of untreated sewage water and industrial effluents from Pune and Pimpri- Chinchwad areas into the Bhima River. Bhima river at its eastern part receives industrial pollutants from many industries. There are about 27 industries namely Z. F. Stering Gear (I) Ltd, Kalyani forge Ltd., at Koregoan Bhima, Apollo Tyres, Bajaj electrical, Walker India Ltd. At Sanaswadi . etc. this industrial pollution changes the physico chemical parameters of river water and affects the fauna and flora and also the human life ,hence the present work of hydrobiological study is undertaken. There is no previous data available on this problem. Physico-chemical parameters also affect plankton distribution, sequential occurrence and species diversity. Plankton distribution and abundance are affected by season . Phytoplankton biomass declines throughout the summer but increases in winter . Seasonal variations affect the physico-chemical variables thus causing variation in abundance and diversity of plankton. Human activities (agricultural and industrial) going on along Bhima River introduce wastes into it which could affect the physico-chemical variables from season to season. These therefore cause seasonal variation in phytoplankton populations. There is no information on the seasonal abundance and distribution of phytoplankton as well as the water quality of eastern part of Bhima river. The environmental variables such as temperature, pH and phosphate play a decisive role in altering the phytoplankton density. The diversity and seasonal fluctuation of phytoplankton observed in Bhima River during the study period. The present study attempts to provide such vital information for future references . Present investigation is undertaken to study the fish diversity of Eastern part of Bhima river. (M.S.) India. It is the fifth effort in this direction; first effort was Yazdani and Sing, (1990) reported an account of fish resources of Bhima River at Indapur and reported 42 species belonging to 14 families, second effort was by Jayram(1999) reported thirteen fish species belonging to two orders third effort was Yazdani and Sing, (2002) reported 54 species belonging to 15 families from the same river and fourth effort from Shendge (2008), 24 fish species belonging to 11 families. In present survey 60 species reported now in present study to give recent data regarding fish diversity of the Western Ghats River system, aiming to contribute to a better knowledge of the fish diversity of Bhima Rivers Ujani wetland and a tool for conservation planning of aquatic environments in this region. In the field of ichthyology there is valuable contribution by many workers, Day, 1878;[10] Talwar and Jhingran, 1991;[53] Jayaram, 1999;[25] Yadav 2005;[56] Shinde et al. 2009[51] . Research work proposed at The present research work engaged on the taxonomic composition of ichthyofauna and zooplankton in lentic water bodies of Bhima River at Tulapur, Koregaon-Bhima, Pimpri sandas, Walki (Pargaon), Daund, Alegaon and Siddhatek. .

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