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Lecture 10: Database Connectivity

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Lecture 10: Database Connectivity Outline Persistence via Database Lecture 10: JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) Database Connectivity JDBC API -JDBC Wendy Liu CSC309F – Fall 2007 1 2 Java Persistence JDBC (Java Database Relational Database Connectivity) Management System Object relational (RDBMS) Persistence via Database mapping Object-oriented Java Data Object Database Management (JDO) System (OODBMS) Enterprise JavaBean (EJB) 3 4 Three Tier Architecture Database Advantages Data Safety data is immune to program crashes Concurrent Access atomic updates via transactions Fault Tolerance replicated DBs for instant fail-over on machine/disk crashes Data Integrity aids to keep data meaningful Scalability Database can handle small/large quantities of data in a uniform manner A way of saving and accessing structured data on Reporting persistent (disk) storage easy to write SQL programs to generate arbitrary reports 5 6 1 Relational Database Movie Database Example First published by Edgar F. Codd in 1970 A relational database consists of a collection showtimes of tables showtimeid movieid theaterid sdate stime available 1 1 1 3/20/2005 20:00:00 90 A table consists of rows and columns 2 1 1 3/20/2005 22:00:00 90 orders Each row represents a record orderid userid showtimeid 11 1 Each column represents an attribute of the records contained in the table 7 8 RDBMS Technology Client/Server Databases Derby, Oracle, Sybase, MySQL, PointBase, SQLServer JDBC Embedded Databases (Java DataBase Connectivity) Derby,PointBase Personal Databases Access 9 10 JDBC Background JDBC Architecture Common SQL database access interface Allow Java programs to issue SQL statements and process the results Database independence Can update underlying database with minimal code impact Represent database constructs as objects Database connections, SQL statements, result sets, and database metadata http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/jdbc/basics/index.html 11 12 2 Components of JDBC Architecture - 1 Components of JDBC Architecture - 2 Java application JDBC Driver In need to access database Translates API calls to requests made against the Uses the API specific database JDBC API Specific driver required for the chosen database Installed on the client. Usually a set of class files Provides DB independent abstraction to placed in the class path Establish a connection with a database Send SQL statements All large databases are now supported Process the results 13 14 Components of JDBC Architecture - 3 DBMS The actual database engine Derby, MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, MS Access, PointBase, Postgresql JDBC API v3.0 v4.0 (May incur different class names in the Derby drivers) 15 16 API Highlights Establishing a Connection http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/ javax.sql javax.sql DataSource getConnection() DataSource java.sql - Read the full method signatures from this API carefully before using - public Connection getConnection() Connection commit(), rollback(), setAutoCommit() Attempts to establish a connection with the data source For transactions that this DataSource object represents createStatement(), prepareStatement() For SQL statements public Connection getConnection(String username, Statement executeQuery(), executeUpdate() String password) PreparedStatement Precompiled SQL statement; more efficient for multiple executions Attempts to establish a connection with the data source executeQuery(), executeUpdate(), setInt(), setString() that this DataSource object represents using the given Parameter index starts from 1 ResultSet username and password next() Accessing next row getString(), getInt() Retrieving attribute values 17 18 3 Derby Example 1: Connection Executing a Query import org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDataSource; java.sql import javax.sql.DataSource; PreparedStatement import java.sql.*; Precompiled SQL statement; more efficient for multiple executions … executeQuery(), executeUpdate(), setInt(), setString() // Driver code Parameter index starts from 1 EmbeddedDataSource eds = new EmbeddedDataSource(); Statement eds.setDatabaseName(dbname); executeQuery(), executeUpdate() eds.setCreateDatabase("create"); ResultSet … next() // JDBC code Accessing next row Connection con = eds.getConnection(); getString(), getInt() Retrieving attribute values 19 20 Example: PreparedStatement Example: Executing Query String insertStmt="INSERT INTO ACCOUNT Statement stmt = con.createStatement(); (NAME, AMOUNT) VALUES (?, ?);"; PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(insertStmt); // Send the query to the DB, get back a ResultSet ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM PART;"); // Fill in the first and second args // Go through all rows returned by the query ps.setString(1,"Charlie Smith"); while(rs.next()){ ps.setDouble(2, 23.45); // Pull out individual columns from the current row int rowsAffected = ps.executeUpdate(); int pno = rs.getInt("PNO"); String pname = rs.getString("PNAME"); // Replace the first and second args // Print out the values ps.setString(1, "Arnold Jones"); System.out.println(pno + "\t“ + pname); ps.setDouble(2, 102.23); } rowsAffected=ps.executeUpdate(); rs.close(); 21 22 Executing Update int rowsAffected = stmt.executeUpdate( "DELETE * FROM ACCOUNTS;"); Executes SQL INSERT, UPDATE, or Announcements DELETE statements Returns the number of rows affected 23 24 4 Midterm Important Announcement (Repeat) Topics covered Tuesday Oct 16, 2007 Lectures 1-9 inclusive 2-hr tutorial given in a CDF lab, BA3185 From XHTML to Java Servlets and JSP Thursday Oct 18, 2007 Use lecture notes as a guideline Midterm, BA2195 You can bring only 1 page cheat-sheet Starting Tuesday Oct 23, 2007 Letter size Double sided The official lecture room will be BA2185 on each Tuesday until the end of term Format similar to previous years No change to Thursdays’ classes (BA1240) Short conceptual questions ~40% Programming questions ~60% 25 26 5.
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