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Chapter 12 Open Channels Contents Chapter 12 Open Channels Contents 1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Natural Drainageways ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Impacts of Urbanization ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Vision for Drainageways ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Design Flows ............................................................................................................................................. 4 1.5 Sediment Load .......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.6 Channel Types ........................................................................................................................................... 5 1.6.1 Major Drainageways ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.6.2 Minor Drainageways ..................................................................................................................... 9 1.7 Permitting and Regulations ..................................................................................................................... 10 1.7.1 Floodplain Hazard Development Permit ..................................................................................... 11 1.7.2 Section 404 Wetlands Permit ...................................................................................................... 11 1.7.3 Endangered Species Act .............................................................................................................. 11 1.7.4 Erosion Control/Stormwater Management Permitting ................................................................ 11 2.0 Hydraulic Analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 HEC-RAS Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 12 2.2 Normal Depth Calculations ..................................................................................................................... 12 3.0 Design Guidelines ........................................................................................................................................... 12 3.1 Major Drainageways ............................................................................................................................... 13 3.1.1 Create Low-Flow Channel .......................................................................................................... 14 3.1.2 Establish a Low-Flow Design Longitudinal Slope ...................................................................... 15 3.1.3 Utilize Vegetated Benches to Convey Overbank Flow ............................................................... 19 3.1.4 Stabilize Eroding Banks .............................................................................................................. 19 3.1.5 Analyze Floodplain Hydraulics ................................................................................................... 20 3.1.6 Consider Aquatic Ecology .......................................................................................................... 21 3.1.7 Undertake Major Drainageway Plan Improvements if Required ................................................ 24 3.2 Minor Drainageways ............................................................................................................................... 24 3.2.1 Constructed Natural Channels ..................................................................................................... 24 3.2.2 Grass-Lined Channels ................................................................................................................. 25 3.2.3 Composite Channels ................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.4 Wetland-Bottom Channels .......................................................................................................... 25 3.2.5 Bioengineered Channels ............................................................................................................. 26 3.2.6 Constructed Channels ................................................................................................................. 26 4.0 Grade Control Structures ............................................................................................................................. 26 4.1 Low-Flow Drop Structures...................................................................................................................... 27 4.2 Full-Channel-Width 100-Year Drop Structures ...................................................................................... 28 4.2.1 Constructed Natural Channel Drop Structures ............................................................................ 28 4.2.2 Constructed Channel Drop Structures ......................................................................................... 28 4.3 Drop Structure Types .............................................................................................................................. 28 4.4 Drop Structure Placement ....................................................................................................................... 29 5.0 Revegetation ................................................................................................................................................... 30 March 2014 City of Woodland Park 12-i Drainage Criteria Manual Chapter 12 Open Channels 6.0 Easements, Ownership and Maintenance .................................................................................................... 30 6.1 Easements ............................................................................................................................................... 30 6.2 Ownership ............................................................................................................................................... 30 6.3 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................................ 30 6.3.1 Design for Maintenance .............................................................................................................. 30 6.3.2 Maintenance Responsibility ........................................................................................................ 31 Tables Table 12-1. Channel Types .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Table 12-2. Hydraulic Design Criteria for Natural Unlined Channels ....................................................................... 14 Table 12-3. Fish Habitat Structures............................................................................................................................ 23 Table 12-4. Hydraulic Design Criteria for Grass-Lined Constructed Natural Channels ............................................ 25 Table 12-5. Grade Control Drop Height Limits ......................................................................................................... 26 Table 12-6. Roughness Coefficients .......................................................................................................................... 32 Figures Figure 12-1. Functions and Benefits of Natural Drainageways ................................................................................... 1 Figure 12-2. Impacts of Stream Degradation ............................................................................................................... 2 Figure 12-3. Incised Channel Evolution Model ........................................................................................................... 8 Figure 12-4. Design Elements Associated With Major Natural Drainageways ......................................................... 13 Figure 12-5. Sediment Transport and Discharge Relationship .................................................................................. 16 12-ii City of Woodland Park March 2014 Drainage Criteria Manual Chapter 12 Open Channels 1.0 Introduction This chapter summarizes the analysis and design methodology for projects that impact drainageways and describes methods for preserving natural drainageway features. Applicable criteria and design considerations are provided for stabilization of common channel types. Additional guidance required to complete channel design projects is provided in the Major Drainage and Hydraulic Structures Chapters of the UDFCD Manual. 1.1 Natural Drainageways Natural drainageways are those that have developed from natural causes, as opposed to being human- made or having developed entirely as a result of urban runoff. A drainageway does not have to be entirely untouched by humans to function as a natural channel. Many natural drainageways in or near developed areas have been altered to some extent by human activity
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