Treasure Act Annual Report 2012
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Treasure Act Annual Report 2012 Presented to Parliament pursuant to Section 12 to the Treasure Act 1996 December 2014 1 ii Treasure Act Annual Report 2012 Presented to Parliament pursuant to Section 12 to the Treasure Act 1996 December 2014 1 © Queen’s Printer and Controller of HMSO 2014 Edited by J Parol & I Richardson Published by the Department of Britain, Europe and Prehistory, British Museum 2 Contents Minister’s foreword 5 Introduction 7 Treasure cases 2012 8 Table of Treasure cases 2012 18 Update on 2011 Treasure cases 62 3 4 Minister’s foreword I am delighted to introduce the Treasure Act Annual Report 2012, which provides a report on the operation of the Treasure Act 1996 during 2012. The Treasure Act 1996 is a continuing success, ensuring that museums are able to acquire the most significant archaeological discoveries for the benefit of all. 2012 saw a modest increase in the number of potential Treasure finds reported in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (990); 21 more than the number reported in the previous year. Of these items, 367 have been (or are to be) acquired by museums. Many museum acquisitions have been made possible only through the kind assistance of funding bodies, particularly the Art Fund, Headley Trust, Heritage Lottery Fund, National Heritage Memorial Fund and the V&A Purchase Grant Fund. We are thankful to these organisations for their recognition of the importance of archaeological finds and their support of museums’ efforts to acquire them. This year also saw the launch of a new funding stream from the Art Fund called ‘Treasure Plus’ which enabled museums that had already acquired Treasure to increase the public’s engagement with it by facilitating new displays, exhibitions and learning activities. I also applaud the large number of interested parties waiving their right to a reward for Treasure cases, with individuals foregoing their share in 93 cases this year. These donations have allowed 52 museums to acquire finds that may otherwise have not been available for the public to study and enjoy. There are many bodies and people who deserve praise for the ongoing success of the Treasure Act, in particular the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) and its local network of Finds Liaison Officers (FLOs), to whom almost all finds of Treasure are reported. The FLOs’ role is vital in disseminating information about the Act and archaeological best practice to finders of treasure and landowners. They are indispensable in facilitating the administration of Treasure cases and providing the logistical means for the Act to function. Together with curators, scientists and conservators at the national museums of England, Wales and Northern Ireland, they also provide expert reports on Treasure finds for Coroners, who, along with their staff, are also owed thanks for their diligence in holding Treasure inquests. The Department of Britain, Europe and Prehistory at the British Museum, which coordinates the PAS, also supports coroners in England and serves as the secretariat for the Treasure Valuation Committee and I am grateful for their continued excellent work. In order to ensure the long-term success of the Act, and that it reflects current practice and works as efficiently as possible, the Government began this year a process to conduct a Review of the Treasure Act Code of Practice. This will also consider the definition of Treasure, and whether that should be amended. Finally I would like to acknowledge the invaluable contribution of the Treasure Valuation Committee, chaired by Lord Renfrew of Kaimsthorn, which considered 359 treasure cases during 2012. I am thankful for the services of all of the Committee members, who voluntarily provide their time and expertise. Ed Vaizey Minister for Culture and the Digital Economy December 2014 5 6 Introduction Under the Treasure Act 1996, finders have a legal obligation to report all finds of potential Treasure. For a summary see finds.org.uk/treasure or the leaflet Advice for Finders of Archaeological Objects, Including Treasure. The Act allows a national or local museum to acquire Treasure finds for public benefit. If this happens, a reward is paid, which is (normally) shared equally between the finder and landowner, though the interested parties may wish to waive their rights to a reward, enabling museums to acquire such finds at no or reduced cost. Rewards are fixed at the full market value of the find, determined by the Secretary of State on the advice of an independent panel of experts known as the Treasure Valuation Committee. Although Treasure finds account for a relatively small proportion of archaeological finds found in England and Wales by the public, finders are encouraged to record all archaeological finds with the Portable Antiquities Scheme: this data is published on the online database at finds.org.uk. The Scheme and its network of local archaeologists – experts in recording small finds, known as Finds Liaison Officers – play an increasingly important role in the operation of the Treasure Act, advising finders of their legal obligations, providing advice on the process and writing reports on potential Treasure finds for local coroners. Organisation The administration of the Treasure Act is undertaken by the Department of Britain, Europe and Prehistory at the British Museum, which employs a Treasure Registrar and four Assistant Treasure Registrars, one of whom is part-time. This work involves the preparation of Treasure cases for inquest (at a Coroner’s Court), the handling of disclaimed cases, acting as the secretariat of the Treasure Valuation Committee, and the payment of rewards to finders/landowners. Treasure Valuation Committee The Committee’s terms of reference are detailed in the Treasure Act 1996 Code of Practice. In short, it is tasked to recommend to the Secretary of State the value of Treasure finds, to recommend abatements of rewards in the case of misbehaviour on the part of the interested parties, and to recommend an apportionment of the reward when there is a disagreement among the parties. The Committee is made up of independent experts appointed for their knowledge of the antiquities trade; its membership also includes someone to represent the interests of finders, a museums’ representative, and an expert in cultural property law. Membership of the Committee at the time of publication consisted of Lord Renfrew of Kaimsthorn (Chairman), Professor Ian Carradice, Dr Tim Pestell, Ms Marian Campbell, Ms Harry Bain, Ms Hetty Gleave, Mr Peter Clayton and Mr Jim Brown. More information on the Treasure Valuation Committee, as well as electronic versions of the minutes of the meetings of the Committee, can be found online at finds.org.uk/treasure Treasure Annual Reports Copies of previous reports can be found at finds.org.uk/news 7 Treasure cases 2012 Number of Treasure cases and geographic distribution The number of Treasure cases reported in 2012 was 990 (Table A), an increase of 2.2% on 2011. This is a 393% increase on the first full year of the Act (1998). Table A: Number of Treasure cases reported 1988–2013 (England, Wales and Northern Ireland). Year No. of Treasure cases 1988 19 1989 23 1990 22 1991 16 1992 34 1993 37 1994 36 1995 20 1996 24 1997 79 1998 201 1999 236 2000 233 2001 214 2002 240 2003 427 2004 506 2005 595 2006 673 2007 747 2008 806 2009 778 2010 860 2011 969 2012 990 2013 993 The high level of the reporting of Treasure reflects a wider understanding on the part of finders of their obligations under the Treasure Act, through the education and outreach work of the Portable Antiquities Scheme and its Finds Liaison Officers. 8 Table B: Summary of all Treasure cases 1997–2012 by geographic area (England, Wales and Northern Ireland). 1997 (1) 1997 (2) 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Bath & North 1 2 1 1 4 9 East Somerset Bedfordshire 1 2 3 1 2 3 2 6 7 8 15 6 14 8 11 15 104 Berkshire & 1 7 2 1 3 4 2 2 4 4 3 11 12 56 Reading Bristol 1 1 Buckinghamshire 1 2 5 2 2 1 10 8 14 13 9 22 14 12 23 18 156 & Milton Keynes Cambridgeshire 3 2 2 5 4 3 6 2 12 22 34 21 8 21 22 28 195 & Peterborough Cheshire and 1 3 1 3 3 5 6 3 4 1 9 5 10 11 7 6 78 Merseyside Cornwall 1 1 1 1 3 4 3 7 1 9 3 3 4 41 Coventry 2 2 1 5 Cumbria 1 4 1 2 3 8 6 6 13 10 9 63 Derbyshire 1 3 1 1 3 5 9 3 7 11 9 7 6 12 78 Devon 5 4 5 1 2 8 6 15 10 6 12 3 13 8 19 117 Dorset 3 5 9 3 6 8 15 9 10 16 17 18 17 16 23 27 202 Durham 1 1 2 1 1 4 5 1 5 8 1 30 Essex 2 8 8 8 8 9 19 25 44 44 36 57 54 57 91 67 537 Gloucestershire 2 2 6 3 2 2 2 10 12 15 12 12 10 5 14 19 128 Gloucestershire, 1 2 1 1 3 5 2 1 3 4 6 8 37 South Hampshire 1 5 10 10 11 10 18 27 30 33 30 24 22 18 29 19 297 Herefordshire 1 2 2 5 4 2 5 7 7 11 46 Hertfordshire 1 5 5 5 4 3 3 12 4 14 16 9 19 14 11 13 138 Isle of` Wight 3 1 3 9 15 21 19 30 21 47 30 33 24 256 Kent 1 1 12 18 18 12 11 36 40 49 39 42 52 41 52 39 52 515 Lancashire 1 1 1 3 6 3 3 4 2 5 10 6 6 51 Leicestershire & 1 4 2 2 5 6 4 6 14 15 17 17 16 15 17 141 Rutland Lincolnshire 2 8 9 13 13 16 29 18 27 26 34 41 40 67 74 62 479 Lincolnshire, N & 2 2 1 1 1 1 5 6 4 3 9 5 5 11 7 5 68 NE London, Greater 1 3 2 1 1 1 5 2 5 6 14 14 15 11 22 11 114 Manchester, 2 2 1 1 6 Greater Norfolk 5 8 40 49 43 43 46 58 78 84 76 77 109 82 65 80 123 1066 Northamptonshire 1 1 3 6 1 8 3 8 12 12 11 17 21 15 14 133 Northumberland 1 2 1 1 6 2 2 7 8 12 8 8 58 Nottinghamshire 3 2 4 4 3 3 6 6 13 4 14 24 14 20 15 11 146 Oxfordshire 1 1 2 1 3 4 5 4 7 10 14 12 11 13 12 9 19 128 Shropshire 5 2 1 3 3 7 8 9 12 12 15 9 11 7 104 Somerset 3 4 3 4 6 4 12 16 13