Local Content Program on Television
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Local Content Program on Television Hendra Harahap, Mazdalifah and Farida Hanim Department of Communication, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia Keywords: Local Content, Television Program, North Sumatra-Indonesia Abstract: Strengthening local content in TV stations recently could be a significant in academic research in Indonesia considering that the frequency used for TV programs was public property -in accordance with Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. The usage of this frequency, by law, was temporary and television broadcasters must used for the welfare and prosperity of the people. Television in accordance with the Broadcasting Law No. 32/2002 was also referred to as a public broadcasting institution that functions to serve the needs of the community through information, education, entertainment which was healthy, intelligent and educational. Academically, however, studies of local content in Indonesia have not been adequately conducted. This study aimed to determine the application of time allocation and hours of broadcast of local content on networked private national television in North Sumatra. This study also described media habits, attitudes and public responses to the North Sumatra local content program on TV stations. The results finding showed that local content of North Sumatra has not received attention and positive responses from the public. Most of the television stations which had a broadcasting spectrum in North Sumatra also still did not meet the 10% local content obligation. 1 INTRODUCTION interests of the owner. Problems, however, usually arose when there was a conflict between these The topic of local content – which had multi interests. Wisnu Prasetyo Utomo stated that, perspectives in nature- has not received attention "Television recently was in tension between whether among Indonesian academics. The number of articles it had to carry out its social functions, or made and scientific publications discussing this issue in accumulation of profits" (Yovantara & Utomo 2015: Indonesia recently was still very limited. The same 213). situation also actually happened at the international This paper explained the condition of local level for the past 10 years. The three guiding content of television programs in North Sumatra principles of media regulation and policy making in Province. Two questions can be asked: (1) To what the United States, for example, were competition, extent were the implementation of time and time diversity and localism. Of the three principles, allocation on local content on national television localism was the least understood and the subject of networking and public broadcasting institutions in study (Napoli, 2004). The quick literature review North Sumatra?, and (2) What were the media habits, conducted, however, found the results of research and attitudes and responses of public on North Sumatra scientific publications both at the level of local local content views/programs on TV stations? content text (Downie & Kaiser, 2002; Dowler K, 2006; the process of producing local content (Jaffery, JB, Jacobson, LM, Goldstein, KM, Pribble, JM, 2006; 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Klinenberg, 2007) and the impact of local content (Nordin, M, 2018; Yan). In the global level, studies on media globalization Another significant factor regarding broadcasting usually linked with local content. Sinclair (2004), for practices carried out by the television industry in instance, saw media globalization as promoting Indonesia. Ideally, the television industry was an cultural heterogeneity and program content institution in which had responsibility to promote diversification. McChesney (2004), however, public interest rather than business and political analyzed this trend as a proliferation the hegemony of 368 Harahap, H., Mazdalifah, . and Hanim, F. Local Content Program on Television. DOI: 10.5220/0010033803680372 In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 3 2019) - Social Engineering Governance for the People, Technology and Infrastructure in Revolution Industry 4.0, pages 368-372 ISBN: 978-989-758-472-5 Copyright c 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved Local Content Program on Television American program content and popular culture. "Local programs are broadcast programs with Bennet (2007) also stated that it was an illusion when local content that includes journalistic broadcast the public assumes that the media system recently is programs, factual broadcast programs, and non- formatted and directed to fulfill information needs. factual broadcast programs in the framework of From the perspective of public and ethnography developing the potential of the local area and are media, model of media globalization was initially seen carried out and produced by local regional as an invasion of certain foreign programs and cultures resources and broadcasting institutions." against local cultures. Subsequent developments, In the Indonesian Broadcasting Law No. 32 of however, showed that there was loyalty from the 2002, in Chapter IV Article 36 paragraphs 1 and 2 audience towards local content views on television states that the contents of the broadcast must contain (Sinclair, 2004, p. 78). Lee (2003: 50) furthermore information, education, entertainment, and benefits showed a preference for local output when he stated; for the formation of intellect, character, morals, "There was no STAR TV channel that could match the progress, strength of the nation, maintaining unity and popularity of Zee TV in India, which used Hindi and integrity, as well as practicing the values of Indonesian a hybrid approach." Similar condition also happened religion and culture. Local content was also contained in Asian countries such as China and Taiwan and in the Broadcasting Code of Conduct Chapter XXV Latin America specially Brazil and Mexico (Curtin, Article 46 concerning Local Broadcasts in the 2005; Wang , 2003; Banarjee, 2003). Local channels Network Station System which stated: "Broadcasting such as Phoenix in China and Taiwan, TV Globo in institutions in networked broadcast systems are Brazil and Televisa in Mexico dominated the local obliged to broadcast local programs." Broadcast market. These studies have shown that local Program Standards (SPS) Chapter XXV regarding programming seems to be the preferred television Local Programs in the Network Station System, choice where available in the local market. Article 68 stated: (1) Local broadcast programs must Some literature reviews, further explored aspects be produced and broadcast with a duration of at least of the development of concepts and ideas in fields 10% for television and 60% for radio of all networked such as media concentration (Just, 2009; Omachonu broadcast times per day; (2) Local broadcast programs & Healey, 2009; Scott, Gobetz, & Chanslor, 2008; at least 30% of them must be aired at prime time local Smith, 2009; Yan & Park, 2009), or globalization at time; (3) Local broadcast program must be gradually the community level (Chalaby, 2006; Moran, 2009), increased to at least 50% for television of all the redefinition of audiences in new media networked broadcast times per day. environments (Lapan, 2009; Livingstone, 2004) The public in the United States claims to get more which in turn showed the importance of media news from local television broadcasts than from any localism. Some studies, also look at the impact, the other source of information (RTNDA, 1998). The production process and the application of local Kaiser Family Foundation & Harvard School of content/broadcast policies. Public Health survey in 2002 found that 56% of Localism or "local" had multi meaning. This American adults get "a lot" or "some" information concept, for instance, could be interpreted as a about health problems from local television news. representative of the rural; traditional or indigenous Based on content, crime was a major topic in local society, the developing world; an ethnographic shows in the United States. Crime rates in most US practice. Localism is conceptualized as a tool for cities have declined over a decade, but local news realizing the diversity of information sources, broadcasts still appear to operate under the mantra, "if perspectives and types of exposure in the media it bleed, it leeds" ( Downie & Kaiser, 2002). Some industry (Napoli, 2004). Locality was something studies also look at media presentations on public related to identity, reinforcing the bond that makes issues such as crime (Dowler, 2003; Yanich, 2004) them comfortable. Locality could be seen as a and health (Pribble, J., et.al, 2006) have significant combination of institutional, social and cultural relationships and consequences with public policy. networks. The combination certainly different, but there will be similarities in certain things, such as language, religion, and origin. 3 METHODS Definition of local content contained in General Provisions Article 1 No. 15 Indonesia Broadcast This research used content analysis and survey. Code of Conduct and Broadcast Program Standards Content analysis used to examine local content views (P3SPS) which is stated: on television views/programs in North Sumatra. This method used to analysis real time news/programs of 369 ICOSOP 3 2019 - International Conference on Social Political Development (ICOSOP) 3 15 station television to get an overall picture of the Law No. 32 2002 concerning Broadcast has implementation of North Sumatra local content