Social Need in Nottinghamshire 2004 Social Need in Nottinghamshire 2004 CONTENTS Acknowledgements 1 CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION Previous Editions of Social Need in Nottinghamshire 3 The Social Exclusion Unit, Policy Action Team 18 and Better Information 3 Indices of Deprivation 4 Relationship of the Study to the Indices of Deprivation 5 Concepts of Social Need 5 Definition of Areas 6 Useful Web Sites 6 CHAPTER 2 : METHODOLOGY General Approach 7 Selection of Indicators 7 The Definition of Zones 9 Analysis 10 Groups Likely to Experience Social Need 11 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS OF THE STUDY The Extent of Social Need in Nottinghamshire 13 The Distribution of Areas in Social Need 13 Social Need in Nottingham City 13 Social Need in Nottinghamshire County 14 CHAPTER 4 : DESCRIPTION OF INDICATORS 29 CHAPTER 5 : RANKING OF INDICATORS 47 CHAPTER 6 : COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS STUDIES Introduction and Caveats 149 Changes in Distribution of Social Need between Districts 149 Changes in the Location of Social Need 152 CHAPTER 7 : GROUPS VULNERABLE TO SOCIAL NEED 157 CHAPTER 8 : CONCLUSIONS 175 i Social Need in Nottinghamshire APPENDICES APPENDIX A : ZONES USED IN THE STUDY 177 APPENDIX B : CORRELATION ANALYSIS 187 APPENDIX C : CALCULATION OF THE MEASURE OF SOCIAL NEED Calculation of ‘Z-scores’ 191 Definition of Levels of Social Need 192 APPENDIX D : PROBLEMS OF METHOD Area-Based Approach to Disadvantage 193 Selection of Indicators 194 Limitation of Indicators 195 Definition of Zones 195 The Measure of Social Need 196 APPENDIX E : PROBLEMS OF USING CENSUS DATA The ‘One Number Census’ Imputation Process 197 Data Modifications and Confidentiality 198 Date of the Data Sources 198 ii Social Need in Nottinghamshire TABLES AND MAPS TABLES 3.1 Social need in the 380 Study zones 18 5.1 Rankings for individual indicators : Low income 56 5.2 Rankings for individual indicators : Unemployment 68 5.3 Rankings for individual indicators : Poor housing 80 5.4 Rankings for individual indicators : Poor health and disability 96 5.5 Rankings for individual indicators : Family difficulties and crime 110 5.6 Rankings for individual indicators : Educational difficulties 126 5.7 Rankings for individual indicators : Lack of skills 140 6.1 All zones with above average social need 150 6.2 % of all zones in the District which have above average social need 150 6.3 Zones with extreme social need 151 6.4 Zones with serious social need 151 6.5 Zones with moderate social need 151 7.1 Rankings for groups vulnerable to social need 164 7.2 Correlations between groups vulnerable to social need and social need indicators 173 B.1 Correlations between social need indicators 188 D.1 Children receiving free school meals by social need of zone 193 MAPS 3.1 Social Need 16 5.1 A. Households with no car 48 5.2 B. Lone parent households 50 5.3 C. People dependent upon those in employment 52 5.4 D. Children receiving free school meals 54 5.5 E. Adults unemployed 64 5.6 F. Young people unemployed 66 5.7 G. Households that are overcrowded 76 5.8 H. Households lacking central heating 78 5.9 I. People of working age with a limiting long term illness or disability 88 5.10 J. Babies with a low birthweight 90 5.11 K. Standardised Death Rate for people aged under 75 92 5.12 L. People aged 75 and over receiving care 94 5.13 M. Children involved in child protection enquiries 104 5.14 N. Recordable offences committed by young people 106 5.15 O. Domestic burglaries 108 iii Social Need in Nottinghamshire 5.16 P. 16 and 17 year olds not in full-time education 118 5.17 Q. Pupils obtaining no GCSEs 120 5.18 R. Pupils not obtaining 5 or more GCSEs at A* to C grades 122 5.19 S. Pupils not achieving Level 4 or above in Key Stage 2 English and Maths 124 5.20 T. Adults without qualifications at Level 2 or above 134 5.21 U. People in routine occupations 136 5.22 V. People in semi-routine occupations 138 6.1 The County Deprived Area Study 1975 154 6.2 Disadvantage in Nottinghamshire 1983 154 6.3 Social Need in Nottinghamshire 1994 155 6.4 Social Need in Nottinghamshire 2004 155 7.1 People not in the White British ethnic group 160 7.2 People of pensionable age 162 iv Social Need in Nottinghamshire ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This edition of Social Need in Nottinghamshire has been produced through the combined efforts of the Policy & Information Team in the City Development Department, Nottingham City Council and the Research Team in the Culture and Community Department of Nottinghamshire County Council; the names of contributors are given below. It is however important to stress that it would not have been possible to produce the publication without substantial help from other organisations. Much data has been taken from the results of the 2001 Census of Population. In addition, both City and County Council Education and Social Services Departments have supplied data, as have Nottinghamshire Police, the Nottingham Health Informatics Service and the North Nottinghamshire Information Team. The City Council team comprised Graham Gardner, Claire Ogilvie and Geoff Oxendale; they can be contacted on 0115 915 5466, or by e-mail on [email protected]. The County Council team comprised Les Kightley, Richard Money and Maria Moroz; they can be contacted on 0115 977 4798, or by e-mail on [email protected]. The Ordnance Survey mapping included within this publication is provided by Nottinghamshire County Council under licence from the Ordnance Survey in order to fulfil its public function to publicise local public services. Persons viewing this mapping should contact Ordnance Survey copyright for advice where they wish to licence Ordnance Survey mapping for their own use. 1 Social Need in Nottinghamshire 2004 2 Social Need in Nottinghamshire 2004 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Social Need in Nottinghamshire 2004 has been prepared in order to assess the distribution of social need across the geographic county of Nottinghamshire. It should therefore be useful for both policy makers and service deliverers in that it provides pointers to where efforts may need to be directed, both by local authorities and others, to address these needs. The Study should be seen as complementary to the Government’s Indices of Deprivation, providing a more local perspective. Previous Editions of Social Need in Nottinghamshire This is the fourth study into social need in Nottinghamshire. The first three editions were drawn together and published wholly by the County Council, as between the early 1970s and 1990s the County Council had a remit to cover the whole of the geographic county including the City of Nottingham. The first edition, The County Deprived Area Study, was published in 1975 and the second, Disadvantage in Nottinghamshire, was published in 1983. The last edition, Social Need in Nottinghamshire, was published in two volumes, one general and one for rural areas of Nottinghamshire, in 1994. Each previous edition was published between two to three years following the release of the details of the Census of Population, which provides much of the data used in this study, and which takes place every ten years. This study has been produced through the joint efforts of teams in both Nottingham City and Nottinghamshire County Councils. Where data has been provided by external agencies other than by National Statistics and the Census of Population, this has been noted in the acknowledgements and in Chapter 4. The Social Exclusion Unit, Policy Action Team 18 and Better Information In the late 1990s, successive Government announcements placed more emphasis on the need for those organisations working at local level to be able to access authoritative and up to date statistics against which policies could be developed and progress measured. This was given greater impetus in 2000 by the Social Exclusion Unit publishing the National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal, which had a particular focus on dealing with the needs of areas suffering from multiple and deep seated deprivation. This in turn led to the establishment of the Neighbourhood Renewal Fund and its allocation to the most deprived 88 areas in England as defined by the Index of Multiple Deprivation. The Social Exclusion Unit also established a series of Policy Action Teams to investigate those areas which could be seen as contributing to deprivation, including health, employment and so on. One of the Policy Action Teams to be established was PAT 18 on Better Information; the terms of reference for PAT 18 included the need to investigate the scope for a coherent cross-government strategy to obtain more up to date information, more consistency in the collection of such information and how good practice could be identified. The resulting report suggested that successful neighbourhood renewal required good local area 3 Social Need in Nottinghamshire 2004 information and that data collected by government departments at that time was imperfect due to lack of currency and could not be shared due to various barriers. The recommendations to Government from PAT 18 included: • the development of Neighbourhood Statistics – a collection of data sets providing information on social and economic statistics at ward level; • the development of geographical information referencing to support more flexible analysis and production of information; • a cross-government information policy and strategy to support the development of Neighbourhood Statistics. These recommendations were largely accepted by Government and the Neighbourhood Statistics service was established and now forms part of the rich landscape of information sources available to researchers and policy makers around the country. Although Neighbourhood Statistics currently uses wards as its geographical building block, it is intended that they will shortly be replaced by ‘super output areas’, which are aggregations of 2001 Census output areas at a hierarchy of levels.