The Peri-Urban Interface in Kumasi, Ghana and Hubli-Dharwad, India
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NATURAL RESOURCES SYSTEMS PROGRAMME PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT REPORT PD Number PD 138 Title NRSP Impact Assessment Case Studies: the Peri-Urban Interface in Kumasi, Ghana and Hubli-Dharwad, India Authors Kate Wellard, Chris Barnett, Owuraku Sakyi-Dawson and Parvin Sultana Organisation ITAD Date December 2005 NRSP Production System Peri-urban Interface The citation for this report is: Wellard, K., Barnett, C., Sakyi-Dawson, O. and Sultana, P. 2005. NRSP Impact Assessment Case Studies: the Peri-Urban Interface in Kumasi, Ghana and Hubli-Dharwad, India. DFID NRSP Programme Development Report PD138: NRSP impact assessment case studies - PU Node: suite 1 'Piloting NR management strategies'. Hove, UK: ITAD Ltd. This is a report submitted to the UK Department for International Development’s (DFID) Natural Resources Systems Programme (NRSP) to fulfil requirements under the research contract PD138. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID or NRSP. NRSP, HTSPE, Thamesfield House Boundary Way, Hemel Hempstead, HP2 7SR United Kingdom t: +44 (0) 1442 202400 f: +44 (0) 1442 266438 e: [email protected] w: www.nrsp.org.uk Department for International Development NATURAL RESOURCES SYSTEMS PROGRAMME (NRSP) Final Technical Report (PD 138) NRSP Impact Assessment Case Studies: the Peri-Urban Interface in Kumasi, Ghana and Hubli-Dharwad, India Kate Wellard, Chris Barnett, Owuraku Sakyi-Dawson and Parvin Sultana December 2005 ii Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................... 1 1. BACKGROUND AND SCOPE OF STUDY......................................................................... 6 1.1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH PROJECTS.............................................................................. 7 1.2 STUDY AREAS:KUMASI AND HUBLI-DHARWAD........................................................... 7 2. METHODOLOGY............................................................................................................ 11 2.1 LIVELIHOODS APPROACH ............................................................................................ 11 2.2 DATA COLLECTION METHODS ..................................................................................... 12 2.3 ASSESSING LIVELIHOOD OUTCOMES, 2015.................................................................. 19 2.4 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS .................................................................................................. 20 3. IMPACT ON LIVELIHOOD ASSETS, 2005................................................................. 21 3.1 IMPACT ON LIVELIHOODS,KUMASI ............................................................................. 21 3.2 IMPACT ON LIVELIHOODS,HUBLI-DHARWAD ............................................................. 33 3.3 SUMMARY OF COMMON THEMES................................................................................. 51 4. IMPACT ON LIVELIHOOD OUTCOMES, 2005 ........................................................ 54 4.1 LIVELIHOOD OUTCOMES,KUMASI .............................................................................. 54 4.2 LIVELIHOOD OUTCOMES,HUBLI-DHARWAD .............................................................. 60 4.3 SUMMARY OF COMMON THEMES................................................................................. 66 5. PROJECTED IMPACT ON LIVELIHOODS, 2015 ..................................................... 68 5.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS,KUMASI .................................................................................... 68 5.2 POTENTIAL IMPACTS,HUBLI-DHARWAD .................................................................... 74 5.3 SUMMARY: PATHWAYS AND LIKELY UPTAKE ............................................................. 81 6. NRSP PUI RESEARCH’S CONTRIBUTION TO MDGS ........................................... 83 6.1 MDG 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER ............................................. 83 6.2 MDG 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN ................................. 85 6.3 MDG 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY................................................. 86 7. ESTIMATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY........................................................... 87 7.1 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS,KUMASI................................................................................... 87 7.2 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS,HUBLI-DHARWAD................................................................... 89 8. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS........................................................................ 93 REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................... 98 APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................... 99 APPENDIX 1: NRSP IMPACT ASSESSMENT CASE STUDIES TERMS OF REFERENCE............... 100 APPENDIX 2: LIST OF NRSP PUI PROJECTS........................................................................... 104 APPENDIX 3: COMMUNITIES PARTICIPATING IN BAOFO YE NA LIVELIHOOD TRAINING...... 107 APPENDIX 4: COVERAGE OF VILLAGES BY PROJECT PARTNERS IN HUBLI-DHARWAD ........ 108 APPENDIX 5: IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FRAMEWORK..................................................... 109 APPENDIX 6: HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRES KPUI.............................................................. 114 APPENDIX 7: HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE HUBLI-DHARWAD ........................................... 126 APPENDIX 8: FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION CHECKLIST KPUI ..................................... 126 APPENDIX 9: FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION IN HUBLI-DHARWAD ........................................... 126 APPENDIX 10: MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (1, 3 & 7)............................................ 126 iii APPENDIX 11: FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING POVERTY IMPACT,KUMASI PUI..................... 126 STATISTICAL ANNEXES.................................................................................................... 126 ANNEX 1. MODEL FOR CHANGE IN SOCIAL COHESION -HUBLI-DHARWAD................... 126 ANNEX 2. KUMASI –ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ........................................................................ 126 ANNEX 3. HUBLI-DHARWAD ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ........................................................... 126 List of Tables Table 1. Households sampled in study survey, Hubli-Dharwad...................................... 14 Table 2. Households sampled in study survey, Kumasi .................................................... 14 Table 3. Distribution of Focus Group Discussions (Kumasi)............................................. 15 Table 4. Distribution of Focus Group Discussions (Hubli-Dharwad) .............................. 16 Table 5. Villages covered by FGD in Hubli-Dharwad PUI ................................................ 16 Table 6. Changes in human capital of project households (%) .......................................... 22 Table 7. Changes in human capital as a result of the project to 2005................................ 22 Table 8. Impact of project on co-operation in sampled communities in KPUI................ 23 Table 10. Impact of project on unity in sampled communities in KPUI........................... 24 Table 11. Perceptions of attitudes of local government and elected representatives towards the community (modal scores)........................................................................ 25 Table 12. Distribution of economic activities initiated by poverty group and sex for all project members in 4 selected communities (%).......................................................... 27 Table 13. Distribution of heads of households’ saving in formal and informal financial intermediaries before the project (2001) and now (2005)............................................ 29 Table 14. Additions to productive assets resulting from the project (counts)................. 30 Table 15. Perceived ownership (expected fate) of productive assets (counts)................. 30 Table 16. Proportions (%) of households whose most important economic activity is income derived from land based and non-land based sources ................................. 31 Table 17. Proportions (%) of households whose second most important economic activity is income derived from land based and non-land based sources ............... 31 Table 18. Training experience and assessment .................................................................... 35 Table 19. Different types of benefits reported from training % (n=40) ............................ 35 Table 20. Respondents’ opinions of the likelihood of skills obtained being sustained %) ............................................................................................................................................. 36 Table 21. Mean change in social cohesion, 2001 - 2005 (scale of -5 to +5)......................... 36 Table 22. Total sangha savings (Rs) as of January 2005 ....................................................... 37 Table 23. Average amount of sangha savings and outstanding loans (Rs) per member 37 Table 24. Number of organizations reported to be receiving/planning to get help........ 38 Table 25. Frequency of scores given by FGDs for official attitudes to project related activities ............................................................................................................................. 38 Table 26. Average Savings (Rs) per participant /SHG member before the project (2001) ............................................................................................................................................