The Place to Be

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The Place to Be LW 2006-2 D+E für PDF 06-09-25 25.09.2006 20:16 Uhr Seite 18 SPECIAL NEW YORK Paul Strand: ›New York‹, 1915 – Courtesy of The Aperture Foundation New York fotografisch THE PLACE TO BE Keine Frage: Wer sich als Sammler oder Kritiker, Kurator oder Redakteur, Art Buyer oder Fotoprofi mit dem Medium beschäftigt, kommt an New York nicht vorbei. Hier werden Trends gemacht und Preise. Jedenfalls für die Fotokunst des 20.Jahrhunderts bleibt New York ›The Place to Be‹. AN DER LINKSLIBERALEN Ostküste der USA, wo der Hudson River (MoMA), welches inmitten von Manhattan an der 53. Straße und un- auf den Atlantischen Ozean trifft, liegt New York, eine Stadt, die durch weit der berühmten Fifth Avenue liegt. 1929 ins Leben gerufen, war ihre Größe und Einwohnerzahl mit mehr als acht Millionen Menschen das erklärte Ziel seiner Initiatoren – drei fortschrittlichen und einfluß- sowie das rege wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Leben zu den wenigen reichen Förderern von Kunst, Miss Lillie P. Bliss, Mrs. John D. Rockefel- wirklichen Metropolen auf dieser Welt gehört. Durch ihre Architektur ler Jr. und Mrs. Cornelius J. Sullivan –, den konservativen Museumsbe- und Struktur ist es die erste moderne Großstadt des 20. Jahrhunderts. trieb neu zu gestalten und einen Ort für moderne Kunst zu schaffen. Darüber hinaus ist es auch jener Ort, an dem ein modernes Medium Unter Alfred H. Barr als Gründungsdirektor, der im Sinne eines am wie die Fotografie weltweit an Präsenz unübertroffen ist. New York Bauhaus-Curriculum orientierten erweiterten Kunstbegriffs operierte, stellt somit nicht nur ein Zentrum innerhalb der USA dar, sondern auch wurde erstmalig eine Struktur mit eigenen Abteilungen für Architek- in globaler Hinsicht. Seine Zahl an Museen, Galerien, Agenturen, Verla- tur und Design, Film und Video sowie für Fotografie geschaffen – gen wie auch anderen institutionellen und kommerziellen Einrichtun- neben den ›klassischen‹ für Malerei, Skulptur, Zeichnungen, Drucke gen, bei denen das fotografische Bild im Zentrum steht, ist bis dato und illustrierte Bücher. Mit Walker Evans’ Aufnahmen viktorianischer ohne Vergleich, ebenso das hohe Niveau, die Selbstverständlichkeit und Häuser zeigte das Haus 1933 zum ersten Mal Fotografie. 1940 erfolgte die Professionalität im Umgang mit der Fotografie. Ein Grund hierfür ist die Einrichtung des Department of Photography – des ersten an einem sicher, dass das Medium schon kurz nach der Bekanntgabe des ersten Kunstmuseum weltweit. Als Kurator wurde Beaumont Newhall praktizierbaren Verfahrens im Jahr 1839 in der Neuen Welt großen bestimmt, der bis dahin zu den wenigen Kunsthistorikern gehörte, die Zuspruch gefunden hat – hinsichtlich seiner kreativen Nutzung ebenso in dem Medium ein persönliches Ausdrucksmittel sahen und der die- wie hinsichtlich seiner Vermarktung, Publikation und Rezeption. sen Ansatz auch in seiner Epoche machenden Ausstellung ›Photogra- Beansprucht New York für sich die Rolle, die führende Kulturstadt phy 1839–1937‹ vertrat. Seine (Kunst-)Geschichte der Photographie der USA zu sein, so weist es dennoch kein einziges allein dem Medium wurde zum Standardwerk. Weitere Persönlichkeiten folgten. So 1947 Fotografie gewidmetes Museum auf. Die Stadt zeichnet sich aber Edward Steichen, ein führender Vertreter des Piktorialismus und in durch eine Reihe von Museen und Institutionen von Weltrang aus, an späteren Jahren profilierter Mode- und Werbefotograf. Er konzipierte Edward Steichen: ›The Flatiron‹, New York, 1905 – Courtesy of The Aperture Foundation denen Fotografie gesammelt, ausgestellt und vermittelt wird. Mit zu und kuratierte mit ›The Family of Man‹ die vermutlich ›erfolgreichste den bekanntesten gehört ohne Zweifel das Museum of Modern Art (Foto-)Ausstellung aller Zeiten‹ (Philipp). Die Schau, eine am moder- 2/2006 Leica World 19 LW 2006-2 D+E für PDF 06-09-25 25.09.2006 20:17 Uhr Seite 20 SPECIAL NEW YORK SPECIAL NEW YORK nen Zeitschriftenlayout geschulte Inszenierung im Dienste einer ›Ideo- zu verdanken, die im selben Jahr ihre Bestände um 22 Werke von logie des Allgemein-Menschlichen‹, eröffnete am 24. Januar 1955 im Alfred Stieglitz erweiterten. In den Dekaden, die folgten, war es das Museum of Modern Art und war danach in 69 Ländern und an 85 Department of Prints (seit 1970 Prints and Photographs), welches die Orten zu sehen. Mit insgesamt 503 Arbeiten von 273 Fotografen, u.a. Sammlung pflegte und erweiterte, bis 1992 eine eigenständige Abtei- Werner Bischof, Robert Capa, Henri Cartier-Bresson, Robert Doisneau, lung für Fotografie geschaffen wurde. Über viele Jahre wirkte hier Alfred Eisenstaedt, Robert Frank, Ernst Haas, W. Eugene Smith, hatte Maria Morris Hambourg. Sie trug maßgeblich zur Komplementierung sie weltweit über neun Millionen Besucher und war, ungeachtet vehe- der Bestände bei. Seit 2004 ist Malcolm Daniel, ein Spezialist für frühe menter Kritik an einer alle politischen, ökonomischen und kulturellen Fotografie aus Frankreich und Großbritannien, der leitende Kurator. Die Sammlung des Hauses reprä- sentiert heute die gesamte »Aktuell haben wir über einhundert Galerien in New York, die Fotografie in dieser oder jener Form zeigen. Geschichte der Fotografie, von ihrer Erfindung bis zur Gegenwart. Bei Praktisch alle Museen präsentieren das Medium von Zeit zu Zeit, wenn nicht ständig. Fotoschulen sind den etwas mehr als 20000 Werken entstanden, sämtliche Auktionshäuser wetteifern um Lose, und täglich gibt es wenigstens fünf Events, liegt ein Schwerpunkt auf Europa und den USA, wobei auch das die mit Fotografie in Verbindung stehen. Zeitgenössische Kunst und Fotografie sind eine komplexe Schaffen in anderen Ländern wie Verbindung eingegangen. New York bleibt ein guter Nährboden für alle Ausdrucksformen – ob es sich z.B. Japan verfolgt wird. In ihr ent- halten sind einige wichtige Privat- nun um Bilder aus der Anfangszeit des Mediums handelt oder neueste Trends aus der digitalen Welt. Sammlungen wie die Gilman Paper Um Bonni Benrubi zu zitieren: Der Teich ist groß, folglich muss man ein gutes Auge haben.« Company Collection, die mit mehr als 8500 Bildern von William DIANA EDKINS, DIRECTOR OF EXHIBITIONS & LIMITED-EDITION PHOTOGRAPHS/THE APERTURE FOUNDATION Henry Fox Talbot, Edouard Denis Baldus, Gustave Le Gray u.a. einen Überblick über die Fotografie des Unterschiede nivellierenden Botschaft, von großem Einfluss auf 19. Jahrhunderts in Frankreich, Großbritannien und Amerika gibt, die wenigstens eine Generation ambitionierter Fotografen. Nach Steichen Alfred Stieglitz Collection mit über 600 Arbeiten führender ›Photo folgte 1962 John Szarkowski. Im Gegensatz zu seinem Vorgänger, der Secessionisten‹ sowie die Ford Motor Company Collection mit meh- in der Fotografie mehr ein Massenkommunikationsmittel sah, lag reren hundert Werken wichtiger Vertreter der europäischen und ame- Szarkowski programmatisch näher an Newhall und hob stets den indi- rikanischen Fotografie zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen wie z.B. viduellen Charakter eines Œuvres hervor (exemplarisch hierfür seine Berenice Abbott, Brassaï, Walker Evans, André Kertész, Man Ray und Ausführungen in ›Looking At Photographs: 100 Pictures from the Col- László Moholy-Nagy. Des weiteren besitzt das Museum seit 1994 das lection of the Museum of Modern Art‹ aus dem Jahr 1973 sowie die persönliche Archiv des stilbildenden Künstlerfotografen Walker Evans Ausstellungen ›The Photographer’s Eye‹ von 1964 und ›New Docu- (1903–1975). In wechselnden Präsentationen werden Teile der Kollek- ments‹ mit Arbeiten von so unterschiedlichen Fotografen wie Lee tion der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich gemacht. Die kommende Sonder- Friedlander, Diane Arbus und Garry Winogrand im Jahr 1967). Seit schau steht in unmittelbarem Zusammenhang mit den Ereignissen 1991 leitet Peter Galassi die Fotoabteilung. In seinen Ausstellungen in New Orelans im Spätsommer 2005 und zeigt unter dem Titel ›New stellt der promovierte Kunsthistoriker vornehmlich aktuelle Fotokunst Orleans after the Flood‹ Fotografien von Robert Polidori (19. Sep- vor, u.a. Andreas Gursky (2001), Michael Wesely (2004), Jeff Wall tember bis 10. Dezember 2006). Seinen Bildungsauftrag erfüllt das (geplant für Frühjahr 2007). Die Sammlungspolitik des Hauses Museum u.a. auch durch den Study Room for Photographs, eine Mög- beschreibt er folgendermaßen: »… unser Ziel (ist es), die besten Arbei- lichkeit zum Studium ausgewählter Werke wie auch für Recherchen in ten der besten Künstler zu verfolgen« (siehe hierzu unser Interview der vorhandenen Fachbibliothek. auf Seite 27). Mit dieser Maxime entstand im Laufe eines Dreiviertel- Deutlich hebt sich durch die innovative Architektur Frank Lloyd jahrhunderts eine kleine und exquisite Sammlung, die bis 1839 zurück- Wrights das Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum von den historischen geht und etwa 25000 Arbeiten umfasst. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Gebäuden seiner Umgebung ab. Das Haus an der Fifth Avenue, wel- Zeit ab 1880, wobei nicht nur freischaffende Künstler, sondern auch ches erst 1959 nach dem Tod seiner Stifterin eröffnet wurde, profiliert Fotojournalisten, Wissenschaftler und Amateure mit Arbeiten vertre- sich heute durch spektakuläre Schauen zur Kunst und zu verwandten ten sind. Seit Fertigstellung des von Yoshio Taniguchi gestalteten Bereichen. In unregelmäßigen Abständen wird hier auch Fotografie Erweiterungsbaus stehen der Abteilung für ihre umfassenden Werk- gezeigt, so z.B. 2005 mit ›Robert Mapplethorpe and the Classical Tra- schauen und thematischen Ausstellungen mehrere großzügige Räume dition‹, als Aktaufnahmen des amerikanischen Künstlers in Dialog ge- zur Verfügung (zur Lee Friedlander
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