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The CEO Pay Ratio Rule: Navigating the Process and Answering the Questions
TRENDS & ISSUES The CEO Pay Ratio Rule: Navigating the Process and Answering the Questions AUTHORS Perhaps one of the most controversial provisions under the Dodd- Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 is the requirement to track and disclose the ratio between a company’s median paid employee and its CEO (often called the CEO Pay Ratio). The U.S. Treasury secretary and top financial regulators will convene and deliver a report by June outlining what they believe is, and what isn’t, working under this rule. In addition, the acting chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission Deb Lifshey (SEC) sought additional public comments specific to the CEO Pay Managing Director Ratio, which were submitted at the end of March. While it is possible the CEO Pay Ratio rule will “Any significant either be amended or delayed, companies should changes will still be spending some time preparing for the rule require because any significant changes will require Congressional Congressional action, which typically takes time. action, which At the time of this writing, companies should be takes time.” Sharon Podstupka operating under the assumption that the Principal requirement will go into effect for proxies filed in 2018. Whether your company has hundreds of thousands of employees spread throughout the world or is a smaller domestic business, we recommend a structured approach to ensure organized collection of data and clear presentation of the ratio. The Basics When adopted, Dodd-Frank simply required that companies disclose the median annual total compensation of all employees, the CEO’s annual compensation (which was already a required disclosure), and the ratio between the two. -
EDUCATION in CHINA a Snapshot This Work Is Published Under the Responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD
EDUCATION IN CHINA A Snapshot This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Photo credits: Cover: © EQRoy / Shutterstock.com; © iStock.com/iPandastudio; © astudio / Shutterstock.com Inside: © iStock.com/iPandastudio; © li jianbing / Shutterstock.com; © tangxn / Shutterstock.com; © chuyuss / Shutterstock.com; © astudio / Shutterstock.com; © Frame China / Shutterstock.com © OECD 2016 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgement of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at [email protected]. Education in China A SNAPSHOT Foreword In 2015, three economies in China participated in the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment, or PISA, for the first time: Beijing, a municipality, Jiangsu, a province on the eastern coast of the country, and Guangdong, a southern coastal province. -
Managing the Public Trust: How to Make Natural Resource Funds Work for Citizens
VALE COLUMBIA CENTER ON SUSTAINABLE INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT A JOINT CENTER OF COLUMBIA LAW SCHOOL AND THE EARTH INSTITUTE AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY NATURAL RESOURCE FUNDS Managing the public trust: How to make natural resource funds work for citizens Editor: Andrew Bauer The Revenue Watch Institute promotes the effective, transparent and accountable management of oil, gas and mineral resources for the public good. Through capacity building, technical assistance, research, funding and advocacy, we help countries to realize the development benefits of their natural resource wealth. The Vale Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment develops and disseminates practical approaches and solutions to maximize the impact of international investment for sustainable development. The Center undertakes its mission through interdisci- plinary research, advisory projects, multi-stakeholder dialogue, educational programs, and the development of resources and tools. Revenue Watch Institute Vale Columbia Center NATURAL RESOURCE FUNDS Managing the public trust: How to make natural resource funds work for citizens Editor: Andrew Bauer 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword 1 Natural Resource Fund Governance: The Essentials 3 Institutional Structure of Natural Resource Funds 35 Fiscal Rules for Natural Resource Funds: How to Develop and Operationalize an Appropriate Rule 47 Rules-based Investment for Natural Resource Funds 59 Natural Resource Fund Transparency 71 Independent Oversight of Natural Resource Funds 79 Natural resource fund profile samples Alberta 87 Chile 101 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABOUT THE AUTHORS We would like to acknowledge Andrew Bauer He has also worked at Central Banking Publications the contributions of our primary Andrew Bauer is an Economic Analyst with the and the Official Monetary and Financial Institutions researchers Gubad Ibadoglu, Revenue Watch Institute-Natural Resource Charter Forum in London. -
The Concentration Effect of Strengths: How the Whole System “AI” Summit
+ Models ORGDYN-419; No. of Pages 12 Organizational Dynamics (2012) xxx, xxx—xxx Available online at www.sciencedirect.com jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/orgdyn The concentration effect of strengths: How the whole system ‘‘AI’’ summit brings out the best in human enterprise David L. Cooperrrider Appreciative Inquiry, or ‘‘AI’’ is taking the strengths When is it that the best in human beings arises most easily, revolution to a new level, far beyond today’s common productively, and naturally? Our answer, from several dec- talent-management focus. Introducing the next genera- ades of fieldwork and hundreds of interviews with successful tion AI Design Summit — something that a recent CEO managers, is unequivocal: the best in human organization report singles out as ‘‘the best large group method in the happens when people collectively experience the wholeness world today’’ of their system — when strength touches strength — across whole systems of relevant and engaged stakeholders, inter- TALKING ABOUT ‘‘POSITIVE STRENGTHS’’ gets people nal and external, and top to bottom. Sounds complicated? excited. It’s thrilling to think that a new wave of manage- Surprisingly, it is exactly the opposite. In fact, because of the ment innovation and positive organizational scholarship natural positivity that’s unleashed when we collaborate might revolutionize the way we engage the workforce, trans- beyond silos and artificial separations keeping us apart, it form business strategy, and prepare our organizations for a is often profoundly easy. The use of large group methods for world of open innovation with customers, suppliers, and doing the work of management, once a rare practice, is other key stakeholders. -
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Hitachi Integrated Report 2018 Year ended March 31, 2018 Hitachi Group Identity Originally set by Hitachi founder Namihei Odaira, the Mission has been carefully passed on to generations of Hitachi Group employees and stakeholders throughout the company’s 100-year history. The Values reflect the Hitachi Founding Spirit, which was shaped by the achievements of our company predecessors as they worked hard to fulfill Hitachi’s Mission. The Vision has been created based on the Mission and Values. It is an expression of what the Hitachi Group aims to become in the future as it advances to its next stage of growth. The Mission, Values, and Vision are made to Identity be shared in a simple concept: Hitachi Group Identity. The more than century-long history of Hitachi since its founding is built atop the Mission expressed by founder Namihei Odaira— “Contribute to society through the development of superior, original technology and products.” Based on continually honing its proprietary technologies, Hitachi has sought to fulfill this Mission by providing products and services that address societal issues as they have changed over time. Hitachi’s philosophy of contributing to society and helping efforts to address societal issues is fully aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations and the Society 5.0* concept promoted by the Japanese government. Today and for the future, Hitachi aims through its wide-ranging business activities to resolve the issues of its customers and society in the quest to build a more dynamic world. * Society 5.0 expresses a new idea of society and related efforts to achieve this, as advocated by the Japanese government. -
Integrative Ecosystem Management: Designing Cities and Co-Creating the Flourishing Ecosystem
INTEGRATIVE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: DESIGNING CITIES AND CO-CREATING THE FLOURISHING ECOSYSTEM by LARRY CLAY, JR. Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Weatherhead School of Management Designing Sustainable Systems CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY August, 2021 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the dissertation of Larry Clay, Jr. candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy*. Committee Chair Chris Laszlo, Ph.D., Case Western Reserve University Committee Member Kalle Lyytinen, Ph.D., Case Western Reserve University Committee Member Jacqueline Stavros, D.M., Lawrence Technical University Committee Member Matthew Cole, Ph.D., Lawrence Technical University Date of Defense June 14, 2021 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. © Copyright by Larry Clay, Jr., 2021 All Rights Reserved. Table of Contents List of Tables .................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures .................................................................................................................. viii Abstract ............................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL FRAMING ..................................................................... -
Pay Ratio Disclosures
Practical Guidance® Market Trends 2019/20: Pay Ratio Disclosures A Practical Guidance® Practice Note by Michael L. Hermsen, Candace R. Jackson, and Kwaku Osebreh, Mayer Brown LLP For additional information on pay ratio disclosure, see Pay Ratio Disclosure and Pay Ratio Rule Presentation. For other market trends articles covering various capital markets and corporate governance topics, see Market Trends. Michael L. Hermsen Mayer Brown LLP Disclosure Requirement The pay ratio disclosure rule is contained in paragraph (u) of Item 402 of Regulation S-K (17 C.F.R. § 229.402(u)). It requires public companies to disclose: • The median of the annual total compensation of all employees other than the chief executive officer Candace R. Jackson • The annual total compensation of the chief executive Mayer Brown LLP officer • The ratio of these amounts Filings Requiring Pay Ratio Disclosure Kwaku Osebreh Generally, the pay ratio disclosure appears in filings that Mayer Brown LLP require executive compensation disclosure pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K, such as proxy and information This practice note focuses on recent market trends covering statements, annual reports on Form 10-K, and registration the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC’s) pay ratio statements under the Securities Act of 1933 and the rulemaking, which was mandated by the Dodd-Frank Wall Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (111 P.L. 203, 124 Stat. 1376), and provides recent pay ratio disclosure examples. The SEC originally proposed pay ratio disclosure Location of the Disclosure in 2013, and the proposal generated a great deal of interest The pay ratio disclosure is called for by Item 402(u) of and debate. -
Comparative Analysis of Micro - and Macromanagement Features of the Inclusive School
“Ovidius” University Annals, Economic Sciences Series Volume XIX, Issue 1 /2019 Comparative Analysis of Micro - and Macromanagement Features of the Inclusive School Ionela Bucăloiu "Valahia" University of Targoviste [email protected] Abstract Making an effective school and classroom management in particular is indeed a challenge for both the director and the teachers. Because, it is necessary to consider the action of continuous regulation and efficiency of the communicative process, transformation of the institution into an inclusive organization in the sense of knowing, understanding the differences that arise from the multiple interactions between the people involved in the educational process, irrespective of the hierarchical line , but especially in order to exploit and maximize these differences in the direction of increasing the efficiency and productivity of work at both individual and collective level. Ke y words : inclusive school, micromanagement, macromanagement J.E.L. classification: C 92, D 81, D 83 1. Introduction Inclusive school is about education for all, regardless of the skills, skills, features and skills of adaptation or learning, but also the concern for each student to be supported and the teaching- learning-assessment act to be centered on his or her individual needs , the specific peculiarities of age, intellect, mental development of each person, so that both the manager and the teaching staff can capitalize on their experience, capacities, innate or acquired skills through practice for the benefit of all. It is necessary to correlate the management of the class with that of the school on the basis of common tools, techniques and methods, the need to develop the institution's institutional development project in accordance with the educational policies and the strategies elaborated at county or national level. -
CEO Pay Ratio: Leading Indicator of Broader Human Resource Matters?
July 2019 On the board’s agenda | US CEO pay ratio: Leading indicator of broader human resource matters? Introduction Now that the CEO pay ratio disclosure requirement has been in place proposals garnered very little shareholder support in the 2019 proxy for two proxy seasons, it has demonstrated to be less impactful than season, they will likely continue to be on the proxy ballot for some some proponents and others may have expected. However, pay ratio companies next year. disclosure may just be the opening salvo in employee, shareholder, The CEO pay ratio disclosure has also led a number of commentators to media, and regulators’ demands for additional employee and suggest shareholders would also benefit from gender, race, and ethnicity compensation data. For example, some major investors have asked pay disclosure similar to that in the UK, which requires all companies with companies to disclose additional details about the median employee, 250 employees or more to disclose gender pay information. including the employee’s geographic location and whether he/she is a salaried or hourly employee, in addition to more general information These and other developments suggest that compensation disclosure about the composition of the workforce, including geographic is converging with broader concerns about issues such as gender, race distribution, proportion of salaried and hourly employees, and the and ethnicity pay equity, culture, diversity and inclusion, and employee percentage of the total workforce comprised of contract workers. engagement. As a result, more time is likely to be spent on human resource policies at the both the board and compensation committee The CEO pay ratio disclosure also led to shareholder proposals levels, and compensation committees may be thinking about requesting that the compensation committee consider the CEO pay broadening their charters to become human capital committees. -
The Micromanagement Myth and Mission Command: Making the Case for Oversight of Military Operations by Christopher J
STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 33 The Micromanagement Myth and Mission Command: Making the Case for Oversight of Military Operations by Christopher J. Lamb Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, and Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the unified combatant commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: General William Westmoreland luncheon meeting with President Lyndon B. Johnson, The White House, April 6, 1968 (Yoichi Okamoto/ Courtesy LBJ Presidential Library/C9391-17A) The Micromanagement Myth and Mission Command The Micromanagement Myth and Mission Command: Making the Case for Oversight of Military Operations By Christopher J. Lamb Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 33 Series Editor: Thomas F. Lynch III National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. August 2020 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the State Department, Defense Department, or any other agency of the Federal Government. -
CEO Pay Ratio and Culture
CEO Pay Ratio and Culture Maisi Li ANR 132033 Master Finance Supervisor: Prof. Dr. H.M. Prast August 2018 1 Abstract This paper studies the determinants of the relative compensation of CEO and rank-and- file employees (CEO pay ratio). We use culture dimensions developed by Hofstede (2001) to explain the cross-national CEO pay ratio disparity. First, we relate culture dimensions (power distance, individualism-collectivism, long-term orientation and indulgence-restraint) to CEO pay ratio. Second, our results suggest that power distance is positively associated with CEO- employee relative pay; individualism is positively related to CEO pay ratio; long-term orientation is positively associated with CEO–employee relative pay and indulgence is positively related to CEO pay ratio as well. We conclude that culture dimensions give an explanation of CEO pay ratio gaps across nations. This conclusion indicates that the compensation structure in a firm carries some symbolic meanings determined by the sovereign values in a society. The corporate governance is an expression of a cognitive pattern of various cultures. Key words: culture; CEO pay ratio 2 Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4 2. Theoretical Background & Hypothesis Development .......................................................... -
“Ceo Pay in Perspective”
1059 December 2019 “Ceo pay in perspective” Marcel Boyer CEO PAY IN PERSPECTIVE Marcel Boyer* Ph.D., O.C., FRSC Emeritus Professor of Economics, Université de Montréal Abstract: The CEO pay ratio, measured as the ratio of CEO pay over the median salary of a firm’s employees, is the most often quoted number in the popular press. This ratio has reached 281 this last year for S&P500 firms, the largest US firms by capitalization (as of November 21 2019). But the B-ratio I proposed here, measured as the CEO pay over the total payroll of the firm, relates CEO pay to the salary of each employee and may be the most relevant and informative figure on CEO pay as perceived by the firm’s employees themselves. How much a typical employee of the S&P500 firms implicitly “contributes” to the salary of his/her CEO? An amount of $273 on average or 0.5% of one’s salary, that is, one half of one percent on an individual salary basis. To assess whether such a contribution is worthwhile, one must determine the value of the CEO for the organization and its workers and stakeholders. The Appendix provides the data for all 500 firms regrouped in 10 industries (Bloomberg classification). Key words: CEO pay ratio, B-ratio, S&P500, Bloomberg, Real options For transparency, I declare that I received no financial aid or support for this project, neither from public sources nor from private sources. This research is therefore totally independent. *I would like to thank my research assistant Owen Skoda for his help.