SDGs for Children in Provincial snapshot: Bangka Islands

Introduction 461,000 children of entire This provincial snapshot highlights priority child-related 34% Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicators, based population on national household surveys and other data sources. It complements the national SDG Baseline Report on Children in Indonesia produced by BAPPENAS and UNICEF, to support monitoring and evidence-informed policy making. The Bangka Belitung Islands (Kepulauan Bangka Belitung) are a youthful province. Its 461,000 children represent 34 per cent of the total population. Nearly half of all children live in urban areas. Increased strategic investments in children are required to fast- track achievement of the SDGs for the province.

GOAL 1 NO POVERTY

Close to 31,000 children (6.6 per cent) were living below the Multidimensional child poverty in the Bangka Belitung Islands official poverty line in 2015 (Rp 16,067 per person per day). Many more families are insecure and live on incomes that are only marginally higher. In addition, 43 per cent of children experienced 80% Urban deprivations in two or more non-income dimensions of poverty, with persistent disparities between urban and rural areas.1 60% Rural

40% Per cent Number National average Population below national poverty line 5.4 74,000 20% Bangka Children < 18 below national poverty line 6.6 31,000 43 Belitung 0% Islands Children < 18 below twice the poverty line 59.4 274,000

GOAL 2 ZERO HUNGER

Adopting optimal feeding practices is fundamental to a child’s The prevalence of malnutrition is relatively high, especially in rural survival, growth and development. Only one in four infants is areas, even though the province performs better than the national exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life, which is the average. Some 14 per cent of newborns have a low birthweight, lowest rate in the country. and more than a quarter of children under five were stunted (low height for their age) in 2013. Geographic disparities in child feeding and nutrition outcomes

50% Urban

40% Rural 30%

National 20% average

10% Bangka Belitung 14 25 27 14 0% Islands Low birthweight Exclusive breastfeeding Childhood stunting Childhood overweight (Disaggregated data not available) GOAL 3 GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

Despite progress, child mortality remains a challenge. For every reproductive health services, including scaling up access to 1,000 live births, 20 newborn babies died in their first month of modern family planning methods. life and 32 before their fifth birthday. Over four in five infants received the recommended three doses Most women have access to delivery care and 95 per cent of DTP vaccine and 87 per cent were vaccinated against measles of births occurred with assistance from a skilled attendant. in 2015. Continued efforts are needed to reach and sustain high However, there is scope to further improve the coverage of immunisation coverage in rural and urban areas.

Geographic disparities in maternal and child health

Need for family planning 80 satisfied with modern methods (% of women) 70

60 Institutional deliveries 2 50 Maternal and

reproductive health Skilled attendant at birth 40 30

Immunisation 20 2 coverage – DPT3 10 1 2 2 Immunisation 0 coverage – measles Child health Adolescent birth Neonatal Under-five rate (per 1,000 mortality rate mortality rate (per women) (per 1,000 live 1,000 live births) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% births)

Urban Rural National average Bangka Belitung Islands

GOAL 4 QUALITY EDUCATION

Children’s school readiness can be improved through early Wealth disparities in school completion rates childhood development programmes. The participation rate in organised learning among 6-year-olds was 95 per cent in 2015, 100% Richest though most pre-school children are already in primary school. quintile 80% The Bangka Belitung Islands have achieved near-universal Poorest access to primary education. However, children from the 60% quintile poorest households are much less likely to complete secondary school compared with their affluent peers. 40% National average Quality of education remains a key concern. Even though 20% the province performs above the national average, only six in Bangka 0% Belitung ten primary school children achieved the minimum national Primary unior Senior Islands benchmark in reading and a quarter in mathematics. Secondary Secondary

Percentage of children attending school, by age

100% Tertiary

80% Senior secondary

60% Junior secondary

40% Primary

20% Pre-school

0% 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ge (at beginning of school year) GOAL 5 GENDER EQUALITY

The practice of child marriage is declining. In the Bangka Belitung Wealth disparities in child marriage Islands, 16 per cent of women aged 20–24 years were married or in union before the age of 18 in 2015. Levels of child marriage are much higher among girls from the poorest households. 25% Richest quintile No representative data are available on violence against girls 20% and women at provincial level. Evidence from a national survey Poorest quintile indicates, however, that such violence is widespread: 28 per cent of ever-partnered women and girls experienced physical, sexual 15% National average and/or psychological violence by a current or former intimate 10% Bangka partner. Belitung Islands 5%

are 1 % of women married 0% 16 before Child marriage

GOAL 6 CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION

Achieving universal access to drinking water, sanitation and separated toilet facilities and access to basic water services. hygiene is crucial to further progress in health, education and Disparities based on wealth and place of residence are poverty eradication. Nearly 80 per cent of the population used a pronounced, pointing to the importance of integrating equity basic sanitation facility at home in 2015, while one in 10 practised considerations into policy and practice. Progress is being made open defecation. The coverage of improved drinking water sources through the implementation of the community-based total is on par with the national average.2 A majority of schools have sex- sanitation programme.

Wealth disparities in access to water and sanitation basic with water 90% 100% Richest 9% quintile services schools 80% Poorest 60% quintile School environment Schools with basic water services (%) 90 40% National average Schools with sex-disaggregated sanitation facilities (%) 81 20% Bangka 2 11 Belitung Community 0% Islands Villages and wards implementing community-based total mproved asic pen 75 drining water sanitation defecation sanitation (%)

GOAL 16 PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS

Progress is ongoing in improving levels of birth registration: Nine Wealth disparities in birth registration out of 10 children under 5 years of age had a birth certificate in 2015. There are differences between urban and rural areas and 100% Richest based on households’ wealth status, due to financial and supply- quintile side barriers. 80% Deprivation of liberty remains a common form of punishment Poorest quintile for juvenile offenders, in violation of the principle that this should 60% be a measure of last resort. In the Bangka Belitung Islands, 13 40% National per cent of all children in detention were unsentenced, which is average better than in most other provinces. 20% Bangka Belitung Little or no data is available on other child protection issues, such 0% Islands as violence against children and trafficking. irth registration PROVINCIAL SCORECARD

The scorecard summarises the Bangka Belitung Islands’ On the right side of the scorecard the Bangka Belitung Islands’ performance for a selection of SDG indicators compared to other rank for each indicator is shown, ranging from 1 for the highest provinces in the country. For each indicator, the graph shows the performer to 34 for the lowest. Provinces are divided into four Bangka Belitung Islands’ average value as well as the provinces quartiles (blue for the highest ranking and red/orange for the with the highest and the lowest data value. lowest ranking provinces).

or Highest ranking province Lowest ranking province Bangka Belitung Islands Arrows point towards direction of positive progress Ranking (out of 34 provinces)

Children below poverty line (%) SDG 1

Multidimensional child deprivation (%) 2

Exclusive breastfeeding (%)

SDG 2 Childhood stunting (%) 2

Need for family planning met (% of women) 1

Skilled attendant at birth (%) SDG 3 Neonatal mortality (per 1,000 live births) 1

Full immunisation coverage (%)

Minimum proficiency in math (%) SDG 4

Minimum proficiency in reading (%)

Child marriage (%) 2 SDG 5

Improved drinking water (%) 12 SDG 6

Basic sanitation (%) 2

SDG 16 Birth registration (%)

0 20 40 60 80 100

Colour leen Best quartile (1–8) Second quartile (9–17) Third quartile (18–25) Bottom quartile (26–34)

Notes Sources: National household surveys (SUSENAS, RISKESDAS, IDHS) and administrative data (Ministry of Education and Culture, Ministry of Health). Detailed information on data sources and indicator definitions is available online at: https://sdg4children.or.id 1 Multidimensional child poverty is defined as children who experience deprivations in at least two of the following dimensions: food and nutrition; health; education; housing; water and sanitation; and protection. 2 Indonesia does not yet have nationally representative data on water quality that can be used to calculate the SDG indicator on the use of safely managed drinking water services. Instead, a nationally-defined proxy measure is used to set a baseline for SDG 6. For more information please email @unicef.org