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Surface Water Quality Analysis Along Mahanadi River (Downstream of Hirakud to Delta)

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Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 7 Issue 07, July-2018 Surface Water Quality Analysis Along Mahanadi River (Downstream of Hirakud to Delta) Deba prakash satapathy1, Anil Kumar Kar2, Abhijeet Das3 1Associate Professor, C.E.T. Bhubaneswar 2Associate Professor, V.S.S.U.T, Burla 3Mtech Student, Civil Engg. Department, C.E.T, Bhubaneswar, Abstract: - In the present research program the status of The Mahanadi watershed is the most developed and pollution of water of a major river namely Mahanadi of Odisha urbanized region in the state of Odisha. The increasing (downstream of Hirakud dam) has been analyzed. The study deterioration of water quality of the watershed is mainly was conducted to assess and ascertain the physico-chemical attributed to the uncontrolled and improper disposal of properties of Mahanadi river water from sixteen different solid and toxic waste from industrial effluents, agricultural water quality monitoring stations of State Pollution Control Board. The analysis was carried out by taking certain runoff and other human activities. This alarming water important water quality determining parameters like pH, pollution not only causing degradation of water quality but Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), also threatens human health and balance of aquatic Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Chloride, Total Dissolved ecosystem, and economic development of the state. Oxygen (TDS), Nitrate, Sulphates, Total Hardness (TH), In the present study, data matrix obtained during 14 years Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Fluoride. Analyzed monitoring program (2000 to 2014) is subjected to different parameters like pH, DO, TH, Chloride, Sulphate and TDS multivariate statistical approach to extract information were found within permissible limit prescribed by IS 10500 about the similarities or dissimilarities between sampling except Nitrate and Fluoride content which exceeds at some sites, and the influences of possible sources on water sites. It is realized from the study that the main pollutant of water in quality parameters of the Mahanadi watershed. Mahanadi is the sewerage systems influenced by urban and industrial growths in Sambalpur, Bbsr (D/s) and Cuttack The specific objectives of the research are to town. The study puts an alarm for utilizing Mahanadi water in ➢ Classify the watershed into several zones with different Cuttack D/s, Paradeep, Bbsr D/s and Choudwar at these zones water quality. for intense agricultural activities and industrial purposes. Also ➢ Extract and establish the parameters that are most it focuses in order to provide better survival of flora and fauna important in assessing variation in water quality of of the system the pollution should be checked at the source i.e. different zones, at Cuttack d/s and Choudwar. ➢ Find out a good approach to assess the water quality of Keywords: Mahanadi River, Physico-chemical parameters, each cluster reasonably that can be helpful to the Industrial/urban sewage, Industrial. managers to take the effective measures to manage the water resource respectively. INTRODUCTION: Water, a prime natural resource, is a basic need for REVIEW OF LITERATURE: sustenance of human civilization. Sustainable management Water is one of the vital needs of all living beings. Humans of water resources is an essential requirement for the growth need water in many daily activities like drinking, washing, of the state’s economy and well being of the population. As bathing, cooking etc. If the quality of water is not good then per National water policy, 2002, water resources it becomes unfit for drinking and other activities. The development and management will have to be planned for a quality of water usually described according to its physical, hydrological unit such as drainage basin as a whole or for a chemical and biological characteristics. Hence it becomes sub-basin for sustainable use incorporating quantity and necessary to find the suitability of water for drinking, quality aspects as well as environmental considerations. irrigation and Industry purpose. The water environment quality is a very important and is a Dugan [1972] suggested that all biological reactions occur in subject of major concern for economic development of any water and it is the integrated system of biological metabolic country. The water resource problems related to degradation reactions in an aqueous solution that is essential for the have increasingly been serious because of rapid maintenance of life. Pani [1986] in his study realized that industrialization and urban sprawl. Anthropogenic due to increasing industrialization on one hand and influences such as urbanization, industrial and agricultural exploding population on the other, the demands of water activities, increasing consumption of water recourses along supply have been increasing tremendously. Moreover with natural process i.e. change in precipitation inputs, considerable part of this limited quality of water is polluted erosion, effectively deteriorate surface water quality and by sewage, industrial waste and a wide range of synthetic impair their uses for drinking, industrial, agriculture, chemicals. Heavy metal are considered as major recreating and other purposes. environmental pollutants and regarded to be Cytotoxic, IJERTV7IS070075 www.ijert.org 139 (This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.) Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 7 Issue 07, July-2018 Mutagenic, and Carcinogenic. The Heavy Metal pollution of quality on human health was noted for the first time in 1854 natural environment has been consistently increasing by John Snow, when he traced the outbreak of cholera through effluents, sedimentation of rocks and mining epidemic in London to the Thames river water which was activities (Manjit [1988]). Priti Singh et.al [2005] assess grossly polluted with raw sewage. Rout [2016] carried out and map the spatial distribution of surface water quality of an analysis was carried out by taking certain important the Mahanadi, Odisha by using GIS.APHA’s standard parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological laboratory procedure has been adopted to assess the quality oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), of ground water. The spatial distribution map of pH, Chloride, total dissolved oxygen (TDS), Nitrate, sulphates, Chlorides, Magnesium and sulphate shows that, these total hardness (TH), electrical conductivity (EC) and parameters are within range as per standard. Samantray et al. Fluoride. Vega et al., [2016] signifies the application of were studied the water quality of Mahanadi and its different multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster distributaries rivers, streams, Atharabanki river and analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) helps in Taldanda Canal adjoining Paradeep in three different the interpretation of complex data matrices to better seasons namely summer, pre-monsoon and winter..Their understand the water quality and ecological status of the findings highlighted the deterioration of water quality in the studied systems. rivers due to industrialization and human activities (Samantray et al., 2006). Kamal [2007] carried out on STUDY AREA AND DATA COLLECTION physicochemical parameter of river water affects the STUDY SITE: biological characteristics and indicates the status of water The river Mahanadi is one of the major inter-state east quality. Different types of Physicochemical parameters of flowing rivers in peninsular India. It originates at an water are pH, DO, BOD, COD, Chloride, TDS, Nitrate, elevation of about 442 m. above Mean Sea Level near Sulphates, TH, EC and Fluoride. These parameters are Pharsiya village in the Amarkantak hills of Bastar Plateau solely responsible for water quality. Khare et.al [2010] lying extreme south of Raipur district of Chattisgarh. The carried out on water quality assessment of Mahanadi, basin extends over an area approximately 141,600 km2, out Sambalpur. He was done water analysis for the parameters of which 65,628 km2 lies in Odisha, occupying 42.15% of like pH, DO, BOD, COD, TDS, calcium, Magnesium and the state geographical area. Hardness for lake water. Venkatesharaju et al., [2010] In the recent past a lots of work has been carried out on the signifies water recourses have critical importance to both role of different urban and industrial effluents upon the natural and human development. It is essential for water quality of the Mahanadi river system, as well as other agriculture, industry and human existence. Water is one of water bodies in India. The present study deals with 16 the most abundant compounds of the ecosystem. Mona A. stations (Figure1,2,3,4,5,6) and their loading of 19 different Hagras et.al [2011] assessed the quality of groundwater and physicochemical parameters in Mahanadi waters covering a to characterize the hydrochemical characteristics of the short range, a station located further downstream of Cuttack, surface water in Odisha, surface water samples were within the course of the river in the state of Odisha. The collected from different cities of Odisha analyzed for 15 physicochemical parameters such as NO2-N, NO3-N, NH4- water quality parameters. Lohani et.al [2011] depicts N, TKN and total phosphorous (TP) were analysed, along drinking water quality management through various with pH, DO, BOD,
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