Insights from Fumarole Gas Geochemistry on the Recent Volcanic Unrest of Pico Do Fogo, Cape Verde
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Geologic Map of the Long Valley Caldera, Mono-Inyo Craters
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TO ACCOMPANY MAP 1-1933 US. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGIC MAP OF LONG VALLEY CALDERA, MONO-INYO CRATERS VOLCANIC CHAIN, AND VICINITY, EASTERN CALIFORNIA By Roy A. Bailey GEOLOGIC SETTING VOLCANISM Long Valley caldera and the Mono-Inyo Craters Long Valley caldera volcanic chain compose a late Tertiary to Quaternary Volcanism in the Long Valley area (Bailey and others, volcanic complex on the west edge of the Basin and 1976; Bailey, 1982b) began about 3.6 Ma with Range Province at the base of the Sierra Nevada frontal widespread eruption of trachybasaltic-trachyandesitic fault escarpment. The caldera, an east-west-elongate, lavas on a moderately well dissected upland surface oval depression 17 by 32 km, is located just northwest (Huber, 1981).Erosional remnants of these mafic lavas of the northern end of the Owens Valley rift and forms are scattered over a 4,000-km2 area extending from the a reentrant or offset in the Sierran escarpment, Adobe Hills (5-10 km notheast of the map area), commonly referred to as the "Mammoth embayment.'? around the periphery of Long Valley caldera, and The Mono-Inyo Craters volcanic chain forms a north- southwestward into the High Sierra. Although these trending zone of volcanic vents extending 45 km from lavas never formed a continuous cover over this region, the west moat of the caldera to Mono Lake. The their wide distribution suggests an extensive mantle prevolcanic basement in the area is mainly Mesozoic source for these initial mafic eruptions. Between 3.0 granitic rock of the Sierra Nevada batholith and and 2.5 Ma quartz-latite domes and flows erupted near Paleozoic metasedimentary and Mesozoic metavolcanic the north and northwest rims of the present caldera, at rocks of the Mount Morrisen, Gull Lake, and Ritter and near Bald Mountain and on San Joaquin Ridge Range roof pendants (map A). -
Rota Ciclista Sustentável São Filipe - Chã Das Caldeiras
fontes renováveis. fontes auto-suficientes energeticamente através de de através energeticamente auto-suficientes estabelecimentos ou iniciativas que são são que iniciativas ou estabelecimentos interesse que inclui, encontram-se vários vários encontram-se inclui, que interesse e naturais. Ademais, entre os pontos de de pontos os entre Ademais, naturais. e inclinadas, passando por zonas urbanas, rurais rurais urbanas, zonas por passando inclinadas, combina o lhano com ascensões compridas e e compridas ascensões com lhano o combina CHÃ DAS CALDEIRAS DAS CHÃ e pistas de terra. Trata-se de uma travessia que que travessia uma de Trata-se terra. de pistas e de betão ou empedradas (calçada portuguesa) portuguesa) (calçada empedradas ou betão de SÃO FILIPE SÃO publicação (ano de edição: 2020) edição: de (ano publicação iniciativas sustentáveis. Decorre por estradas estradas por Decorre sustentáveis. iniciativas emprego da informação contenida em esta esta em contenida informação da emprego indubitável interesse eco-cultural e pelas pelas e eco-cultural interesse indubitável possíveis consequências que podam derivar-se do do derivar-se podam que consequências possíveis EN BICICLETA EN cicloturistas com nível alto, mais com um um com mais alto, nível com cicloturistas O Projecto SOSTURMAC não faz-se responsável das das responsável faz-se não SOSTURMAC Projecto O É um itinerário exigente, exclusivo para para exclusivo exigente, itinerário um É respeitar a natureza. a respeitar conservação. conservação. realização desta actividade e, sobre tudo, deve deve tudo, sobre e, actividade desta realização dinâmica turística e desta forma fomentar sua sua fomentar forma desta e turística dinâmica possível a marca de carbono associada à à associada carbono de marca a possível contribuir à integração dos novos valores na na valores novos dos integração à contribuir fundamentalmente, deve reduzir tudo o o tudo reduzir deve fundamentalmente, SOSTURMAC para para projecto no desenvolvido sustentável e responsável possível. -
Satellite Observations of Fumarole Activity at Aluto Volcano, Ethiopia: Implications for Geothermal Monitoring and Volcanic Hazard
Accepted Manuscript Satellite observations of fumarole activity at Aluto volcano, Ethiopia: Implications for geothermal monitoring and volcanic hazard Mathilde Braddock, Juliet Biggs, Iain M. Watson, William Hutchison, David M. Pyle, Tamsin A. Mather PII: S0377-0273(17)30118-X DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.05.006 Reference: VOLGEO 6091 To appear in: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research Received date: 24 February 2017 Revised date: 6 May 2017 Accepted date: 7 May 2017 Please cite this article as: Mathilde Braddock, Juliet Biggs, Iain M. Watson, William Hutchison, David M. Pyle, Tamsin A. Mather , Satellite observations of fumarole activity at Aluto volcano, Ethiopia: Implications for geothermal monitoring and volcanic hazard, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2017), doi: 10.1016/ j.jvolgeores.2017.05.006 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Satellite observations of fumarole activity at Aluto volcano, Ethiopia: implications for geothermal monitoring and volcanic hazard Mathilde Braddock1*, Juliet Biggs2, Iain M. Watson2, William Hutchison3, David M. Pyle4 and Tamsin A. Mather4 1 School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK 2 COMET, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK 3 School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St. -
Geothermal Springs, Geysers and Fumaroles
Sciences Secondary volcanic activities: Geothermal springs, Geysers and Fumaroles Geothermal Springs A geothermal (or hydrothermal) spring is produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater from the Earth's crust. There are geothermal springs in many locations all over the crust of the earth. Geothermal Springs Surface water percolates downward through the rocks below the Earth's surface to high-temperature regions surrounding a magma chamber, either active or recently solidified but still hot. When the water is heated, becomes less dense, and rises Surface water back to the surface along fissures and cracks. Sometimes these features are called "dying volcanoes" because they seem to represent the last stage of volcanic activity as the magma, in depth, cools and hardens. Water percolation Heated water rises up The temperature of hot springs depends on factors such as: •the rate at which water circulates through the underground channels Hot rocks •the amount of heat at depth •the dilution of the heated water by cool ground water near the surface. Geothermal Springs The water issuing from a hot spring is heated by geothermal heat from the Earth's astenosphere. In general, the temperature of rocks increases with depth. The rate of temperature increase is known as the geothermal gradient (it is about 25°C per km). If water percolates deeply enough into the crust, it will be heated as it comes into contact with hot rocks. Warm springs are sometimes the result of hot and cold springs mixing but may also occur outside of volcanic areas. Geysers Geyser are located near active volcanic areas, and the geyser effect is due to the proximity of magma. -
The Fumarolic CO Output from Pico Do Fogo Volcano
Ital. J. Geosci., Vol. 139, No. 3 (2020), pp. 325-340, 9 figs., 3 tabs. (https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2020.03) © Società Geologica Italiana, Roma 2020 The fumarolic CO2 output from Pico do Fogo Volcano (Cape Verde) ALESSANDRO AIUPPA (1), MARCELLO BITETTO (1), ANDREA L. RIZZO (2), FATIMA VIVEIROS (3), PATRICK ALLARD (4), MARIA LUCE FREZZOTTI (5), VIRGINIA VALENTI (5) & VITTORIO ZANON (3, 4) ABSTRACT output started early back in the 1990s (e.g., GERLACH, 1991), The Pico do Fogo volcano, in the Cape Verde Archipelago off substantial budget refinements have only recently arisen the western coasts of Africa, has been the most active volcano in the from the 8-years (2011-2019) DECADE (Deep Earth Carbon Macaronesia region in the Central Atlantic, with at least 27 eruptions Degassing; https://deepcarboncycle.org/about-decade) during the last 500 years. Between eruptions fumarolic activity has research program of the Deep Carbon Observatory (https:// been persisting in its summit crater, but limited information exists for the chemistry and output of these gas emissions. Here, we use the deepcarbon.net/project/decade#Overview) (FISCHER, 2013; results acquired during a field survey in February 2019 to quantify FISCHER et alii, 2019). the quiescent summit fumaroles’ volatile output for the first time. By One key result of DECADE-funded research has been combining measurements of the fumarole compositions (using both a the recognition that the global CO2 output from subaerial portable Multi-GAS and direct sampling of the hottest fumarole) and volcanism is predominantly sourced from a relatively of the SO2 flux (using near-vent UV Camera recording), we quantify small number of strongly degassing volcanoes. -
Deep Electrical Resistivity Tomography for a 3D Picture of the Most Active Sector of Campi Flegrei Caldera A
www.nature.com/scientificreports Corrected: Publisher Correction OPEN Deep Electrical Resistivity Tomography for a 3D picture of the most active sector of Campi Flegrei caldera A. Troiano 1*, R. Isaia1, M. G. Di Giuseppe1, F. D. A. Tramparulo1 & S. Vitale1,2 The central sector of the Campi Flegrei volcano, including the Solfatara maar and Pisciarelli fumarole feld, is currently the most active area of the caldera as regards seismicity and gaseous emissions and it plays a signifcant role in the ongoing unrest. However, a general volcano-tectonic reconstruction of the entire sector is still missing. This work aims to depict, for the frst time, the architecture of the area through the application of deep Electrical Resistivity Tomography. We reconstructed a three- dimensional resistivity model for the entire sector. Results provide useful elements to understand the present state of the system and the possible evolution of the volcanic activity and shed solid bases for any attempt to develop physical-mathematical models investigating the ongoing phenomena. Te present research shows the results of an original application of the deep electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) aimed to investigate the central sector of the Campi Flegrei (CF) caldera (Italy). Te CF caldera (Fig. 1) is one of the most dangerous volcanoes in Europe1,2. Te most active zone, as for seis- micity and gas emission, is currently located in the central sector of the caldera including the volcanic structure of Solfatara, Pisciarelli and Agnano Plain3–5. Intense and recurrent volcanism, culminated in two main caldera forming events, namely the eruption of the Campanian Ignimbrite (39.8 ka)6 and that of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuf (15 ka)7, marks the CF eruptive history. -
Reconstituição Da Erupção De 2014/2015 Do Vulcão Do Fogo (Cabo Verde) Através De Imagens De Detecção Remota
Reconstituição da erupção de 2014/2015 do vulcão do Fogo (Cabo Verde) através de imagens de detecção remota Vasco de Pina Aresta Branco Miranda Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Geológica e de Minas Orientadores: Professor Doutor Pedro Miguel Berardo Duarte Pina Doutora Sandra Isabel das Neves Heleno da Silva Júri Presidente: Professora Doutora Maria Teresa da Cruz Carvalho Orientador: Professor Doutor Pedro Miguel Berardo Duarte Pina Vogal: Professora Doutora Carla Andreia da Silva Mora Maio de 2018 ii Declaração Declaro que o presente documento é um trabalho original da minha autoria e que cumpre todos os requisitos do Código de Conduta e Boas Práticas da Universidade de Lisboa. iii iv Agradecimentos Para a realização deste trabalho, foi notável o apoio de família, amigos e professores, que merecem reconhecimento. Em primeiro lugar, agradeço aos meus pais pelo apoio e formação que me deram ao longo dos anos, incutindo-me os valores e proporcionando-me as ferramentas para chegar onde me encontro hoje. À minha namorada, que me acompanhou e apoiou durante todo o meu percurso universitário, com amizade e respeito. Aos meus amigos, pela companhia, amizade e sábios conselhos sem os quais não teria sido possível a minha realização académica ou pessoal. Aos meus professores que, desde sempre, me guiaram, ensinaram e dotaram de espírito crítico, essencial para o trabalho científico. Em particular, ao Doutor Pedro Pina e Doutora Sandra Heleno pela orientação da qual resulta o presente trabalho. Aos meus colegas, que embora sejam já referidos no agradecimento aos meus amigos, merecem relevo adicional por comigo terem “sobrevivido” ao árduo caminho académico com empenho e boa disposição. -
Processes Culminating in the 2015 Phreatic Explosion at Lascar Volcano, Chile, Evidenced by Multiparametric Data
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 377–397, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-377-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Processes culminating in the 2015 phreatic explosion at Lascar volcano, Chile, evidenced by multiparametric data Ayleen Gaete1, Thomas R. Walter1, Stefan Bredemeyer1,2, Martin Zimmer1, Christian Kujawa1, Luis Franco Marin3, Juan San Martin4, and Claudia Bucarey Parra3 1GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany 2GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany 3Observatorio Volcanológico de Los Andes del Sur (OVDAS), Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), Temuco, Chile 4Physics Science Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile Correspondence: Ayleen Gaete ([email protected]) Received: 13 June 2019 – Discussion started: 25 June 2019 Accepted: 5 December 2019 – Published: 4 February 2020 Abstract. Small steam-driven volcanic explosions are com- marole on the southern rim of the Lascar crater revealed a mon at volcanoes worldwide but are rarely documented or pronounced change in the trend of the relationship between monitored; therefore, these events still put residents and the CO2 mixing ratio and the gas outlet temperature; we tourists at risk every year. Steam-driven explosions also oc- speculate that this change was associated with the prior pre- cur frequently (once every 2–5 years on average) at Lascar cipitation event. An increased thermal anomaly inside the ac- volcano, Chile, where they are often spontaneous and lack tive crater as observed in Sentinel-2 images and drone over- any identifiable precursor activity. -
Processes Culminating in the 2015 Phreatic Explosion at Lascar Volcano, Chile, Monitored by Multiparametric Data Ayleen Gaete1, Thomas R
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-189 Preprint. Discussion started: 25 June 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. Processes culminating in the 2015 phreatic explosion at Lascar volcano, Chile, monitored by multiparametric data Ayleen Gaete1, Thomas R. Walter1, Stefan Bredemeyer1,2, Martin Zimmer1, Christian Kujawa1, Luis Franco3, Juan San Martin4, Claudia Bucarey Parra3 5 1 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany 2 GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany 3 Observatorio Volcanológico de Los Andes del Sur (OVDAS), Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), Temuco, Chile. 4 Physics Science Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile. 10 Correspondence to: Ayleen Gaete ([email protected]) Abstract. Small steam-driven volcanic explosions are common at volcanoes worldwide but are rarely documented or monitored; therefore, these events still put residents and tourists at risk every year. Steam-driven explosions also occur frequently (once every 2-5 years on average) at Lascar volcano, Chile, where they are often spontaneous and lack any identifiable precursor activity. Here, for the first time at Lascar, we describe the processes culminating in such a sudden 15 volcanic explosion that occurred on October 30, 2015, which was thoroughly monitored by cameras, a seismic network, and gas (SO2 and CO2) and temperature sensors. Prior to the eruption, we retrospectively identified unrest manifesting as a gradual increase in the number of long-period (LP) seismic events in 2014, indicating an augmented level of activity at the volcano. Additionally, SO2 flux and thermal anomalies were detected before the eruption. -
Assessment Report
Assessment Report Volcano Eruption Republic of Cabo Verde As of 16 December 2014 Prepared by UNDAC and the United Nations Office Cabo Verde SITUATION OVERVIEW The analysis in this document is based on the assessment conducted by the United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) Team and secondary data consolidated by the United Nations Office in Cabo Verde. 1 Severity of the Crisis A volcano eruption in Fogo Island, in Cabo Verde, began on 23 November and continues as of 16 December 2014. The eruption has had direct impact on the people living in Chã das Caldeiras, the volcano crater area. 1076 people have 1076 been evacuated from the area, of which 929 have been relocated in temporary People displaced from the affected accommodation centres and in houses built in the aftermath of the 1995 area of Chã das Caldeiras eruption, while the remaining are sheltered in host families’ homes. The affected people are a predominantly rural community, whose subsistence 929 largely depends on agriculture and livestock. As of 16 December, national People in collective centres and authorities report that lava has destroyed over 230 buildings, including the relocated in shelter housing national park headquarters, wine and jam production facilities, a primary school, a hotel, churches, 100% of Portela and Bangaeira infrastructure, as well Over 230 as more than 429 hectares of land, of which 120 hectares were agricultural Buildings destroyed land, resulting in great material and economic loss for the affected people and leaving many without a source of income. 2109 2 Priority Needs People potentially at risk of evacuation When requesting international assistance, the Government of Cabo Verde has identified the following priority needs: communication equipment, generators, temporary warehouse, tents, mattresses, portable toilets and showers, field 500 beds, blankets, bed-linen, kitchen kits, water containers and bottled water. -
The Origin and Emplacement of Domo Tinto, Guallatiri Volcano, Northern Chile Andean Geology, Vol
Andean Geology ISSN: 0718-7092 [email protected] Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería Chile Watts, Robert B.; Clavero Ribes, Jorge; J. Sparks, R. Stephen The origin and emplacement of Domo Tinto, Guallatiri volcano, Northern Chile Andean Geology, vol. 41, núm. 3, septiembre, 2014, pp. 558-588 Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=173932124004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Andean Geology 41 (3): 558-588. September, 2014 Andean Geology doi: 10.5027/andgeoV41n3-a0410.5027/andgeoV40n2-a?? formerly Revista Geológica de Chile www.andeangeology.cl The origin and emplacement of Domo Tinto, Guallatiri volcano, Northern Chile Robert B. Watts1, Jorge Clavero Ribes2, R. Stephen J. Sparks3 1 Office of Disaster Management, Jimmit, Roseau, Commonwealth of Dominica. [email protected] 2 Escuela de Geología, Universidad Mayor, Manuel Montt 367, Providencia, Santiago, Chile. [email protected] 3 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol. BS8 1RJ. United Kingdom. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Guallatiri Volcano (18°25’S, 69°05’W) is a large edifice located on the Chilean Altiplano near the Bo- livia/Chile border. This Pleistocene-Holocene construct, situated at the southern end of the Nevados de Quimsachata chain, is an andesitic/dacitic complex formed of early stage lava flows and later stage coulées and lava domes. -
South Kamchatka, Russia)
Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010 Bali, Indonesia, 25-29 April 2010 Boiling Mud Pots: Origin and Hydrogeochemistry (Donnoe and North-Mutnovsky Fumarolic Fields, Mutnovsky Volcano; South Kamchatka, Russia) Sofia P. Bortnikova, Svetlana B. Bortnikova, Marina P. Gora, Artem Ya. Shevko, Felix P. Lesnov, Alexei V. Kiryuhin 630090 Novosibirsk, pr. acad. Koptug, 3 [email protected] Keywords: boiling mud pots, hydrogeochemistry, trace 2. SUBJECT OF RESEARCHES elements, rare earth elements, sources of elements The Mutnovsky Volcano is one of the largest and most active of the South Kamchatka volcanoes. It is 2323 m ABSTRACT high. Two merged craters are located to the northwest and The boiling mud pots of some volcanoes are very interesting west of the summit (Fig. 1). The volcano holds multiple phenomena. Their color, their water-solids ratio cones of neighboring explosions (Selyangin, 1993). (consistency), the physical - chemical conditions of their solutions, and their contents of major and trace elements can vary widely. These parameters usually vary greatly between mud pots, while transparent thermal springs are the same chemically at one thermal field. Such a phenomenon can be seen at the thermal spring group of the Karymskoe lake (Karpov et al., 2003), the South-East fumarolic field of the Ebeko volcano (Bortnikova et al., 2005), and the thermal field of the Uzon volcano. Since the parameters are variable within very limited areas, their variability is difficult to explain only by different sources of thermal waters. The Donnoe and North-Mutnovskoe fumarolic fields are examples of such phenomena. Mud pots located within small areas are different in size, color, solid-to-liquid ratio, and boiling activity.