Land at Denham Vicarage Farm Denham, Suffolk

Client: Miles Water Engineering Ltd

Date: June 2016

Desk-Based Assessment SACIC Report No. 2016/048 Author: J. A. Craven © SACIC

HER Information

Site Name: Land at Denham Vicarage Farm

Report Number 2016/048

Planning Application No: Pre-planning

Grid Reference: TL 7641 6234

Oasis Reference: 256344

HER Search Reference 9188670

Curatorial Officer: N/A

Project Officer: John Craven

Client/Funding Body: Miles Water Engineering Ltd

Digital report submitted to Archaeological Data Service: http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/library/greylit

Disclaimer Any opinions expressed in this report about the need for further archaeological work are those of Suffolk Archaeology CIC. Ultimately the need for further work will be determined by the Local Planning Authority and its Archaeological Advisors when a planning application is registered. Suffolk Archaeology CIC cannot accept responsibility for inconvenience caused to the clients should the Planning Authority take a different view to that expressed in the report.

Contents

Summary

1. Introduction 2

1.1. Project Background 2 1.2. Site description 2 1.3. Scope and aims of the report 2 1.4. Methods 3 1.5. Legislative frameworks 4 1.5.1. National legislation or policy 4 1.5.2. Local policy and guidance 5

2. Study Area search results 8

2.1. Designated assets 8 2.1.1. Scheduled Monuments 8 2.1.2. Registered Parks or Gardens 8 2.1.3. Conservation Areas 9 2.2. Historic Environment Record search 11 2.3. Landscape Characterisation 14 2.4. Cartographic study 15 2.5. Aerial photographs 16

3. Assessment of impacts and effects 17

3.1. The archaeological potential of the site 17 3.1.1. Prehistoric and Roman 17 3.1.2. Anglo-Saxon, medieval and post-medieval 17 3.2. Potential level of archaeological preservation within the site 18 3.3. Potential impact of development on the archaeological resource 18 3.4. Potential impact of development on other heritage assets 18

4. Mitigation measures 19

5. Conclusions/Recommendations 20

6. Bibliography 21

List of Figures Figure 1. Location map 7 Figure 2. Designated assets within the Study Area 10 Figure 3. HER sites within 1km of the centre of the site 13 Figure 4. Suffolk Historic Landscape Characterisation map 14

List of Appendices Appendix 1. Suffolk HER search results Appendix 2. Ordnance Survey mapping

Summary

This Desk-Based Assessment has set the location of a proposed farm reservoir development within its immediate archaeological landscape through an examination of the Suffolk Historic Environment Record, the National Heritage List for England, and available cartographic sources and aerial photography.

It is recommended that the client should consult with the Local Planning Authority, St Edmundsbury Borough Council, and its advisor Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service, at the earliest possible opportunity to determine if further archaeological investigation of the site is likely to be required prior to submission of a planning application.

1. Introduction

1.1. Project Background This archaeological desk-based assessment (DBA) has been prepared by SACIC for Miles Water Engineering Ltd in advance of a potential planning application for the creation of a new farm reservoir and any consultation with Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service (SCCAS), the Archaeological Advisor to the local planning authority (LPA) St Edmundsbury Borough Council.

1.2. Site description The subject of this DBA covers an area of approximately c.1.5ha, centred at TL 7641 6234, in the parish of Denham, Suffolk (Fig. 1), 1km to the south of the settlement core of Barrow. The site lies within a landscape of open arable farmland, interspersed with woodland, and straddles a ditched and hedged boundary between two fields.

The site is located on an area of high ground, c.90-95m above Ordnance Datum. The localised topography of the area is of undulating, rolling countryside. The site geology consists of chalky till of the Lowestoft Formation overlying chalk bedrock of the Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation, Seaford Chalk Formation, Newhaven Chalk Formation and Culver Chalk Formation (British Geological Survey website).

1.3. Scope and aims of the report In accordance with the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), the Government’s guidance on archaeology and planning, the aim of the DBA is to determine as far as reasonably practicable from the available archaeological and heritage sources the previous landuse and history of the site, the nature of the known archaeological or other heritage assets within its environs, the potential archaeological assets of the site, and the potential impact of the proposed development on such assets.

The sources examined by the DBA include the Suffolk Historic Environment Record (HER), the National Heritage List for England (NHLE), reports of any archaeological investigations, all readily available cartographic and documentary sources held by Suffolk Archaeology or the Suffolk Record Office, and aerial photography available

online.

In order to set the site in its archaeological context a Study Area of a 1km radius from its centre was selected for examination (Figs. 2-4).

In particular the DBA aims to: • Collate and assess the existing information regarding archaeological and historical remains within and adjacent to the site. • Identify any known archaeological sites which are of sufficient potential importance to leave an outright constraint on development (i.e. those that will need preservation in situ). • Assess the potential for unrecorded archaeological sites within the application area. • Assess the likely impact of past land uses (such as ploughing, quarrying etc.) and the potential quality of preservation of below ground deposits, and where possible to model those deposits.

1.4. Methods The following methods of data collection have been used to meet the aims of the DBA:

• A search for designated heritage assets such as Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas that lie within the Study Area and may have a line of sight to the site was carried out on the NHLE and Suffolk HER. A summary is presented in section 2.1 below.

• A search of the Suffolk HER for any records within 1km from the centre of the site (TL 7641 6234), and an examination of the literature with reference to archaeological investigations within the Study Area. The results are described and mapped in section 2.2 below, and presented in full in Appendix 1.

• Examination of the Suffolk Historic Landscape Characterisation Map (Version 3, 2008) and the Suffolk Landscape Character Assessment website. The results are described and mapped in section 2.3 below,

• An assessment of readily available cartographic sources through a visit to the

Suffolk Record Office and the commissioning of a collated report of 19th and 20th century Ordnance Survey mapping. The results are presented in section 2.4 below, with the Ordnance Survey mapping in Appendix 2.

• A brief examination of aerial photography of the area available on the Cambridge University Collection of Aerial Photographs website and Google Earth. The results are presented in section 2.5 below.

1.5. Legislative frameworks

1.5.1. National legislation or policy

National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) Paragraphs 128 and 129 of the NPPF (which replaced Planning Policy Statement 5 in March 2012, which in turn had replaced various guidance such as Planning Policy Guidance 15 and 16) provides guidance for planning authorities, developers and others on planning and the historic environment.

128. In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation.

129. Local planning authorities should identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset that may be affected by a proposal (including by development affecting the setting of a heritage asset) taking account of the available evidence and any necessary expertise. They should take this assessment into account when considering the impact of a proposal on a heritage asset, to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the proposal.

Scheduled Monuments The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act of 1979 statutorily protects Scheduled Monuments (SMs) and their settings as nationally important sites.

Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas Listed Buildings are protected under the Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas Act of 1990. This ensures that listed buildings are given statutory protection against unauthorised demolition, alteration and extension. Buildings are listed because they are of special architectural importance, due to their architectural design, decoration and craftsmanship; also because they are of historical interest. This includes buildings that illustrate important aspects of the nation's social, economic, cultural or military history or have a close association with nationally important persons or events.

Conservation Areas are designated for their special architectural and historic interest, usually by the local planning authority. Any alterations to properties, structures, trees etc. in a conservation area may need permission from the local planning authority.

Registered Parks and Gardens A Registered Park or Garden is a site included on the 'Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England’ which is maintained by English Heritage. It currently identifies over 1,600 sites assessed to be of national importance. Registration is a ‘material consideration’ in the planning process, meaning that planning authorities must consider the impact of any proposed development on the special character of a registered park or garden.

1.5.2. Local policy and guidance The St Edmundsbury Local Plan Core Strategy Policy CS2 (adopted 2010) for sustainable development states that a ‘high quality, sustainable environment will be achieved by designing and incorporating measures appropriate to the nature and scale of development’ and that one aspect of this is ‘conserving or enhancing the historic environment including archaeological resources’.

Chapter 4 of the West Suffolk Joint Development Management Policies Document (February 2015) details local policy towards the natural and historic environment. Of particular relevance are policies DM13 (Landscape features), DM15 (listed buildings), DM17 (Conservation Areas), and DM20 (Archaeology).

DM20 Development will not be acceptable if it would have a material adverse effect on Scheduled Ancient Monuments or other sites of archaeological importance, or their settings.

On sites of archaeological interest, or of potential archaeological importance, provided there is no overriding case against development, planning permission will be granted subject to satisfactory prior arrangements being agreed.

This will include one or a combination of the following: • an appropriate desk based assessment and/or field evaluation of the archaeological interest or significance prior to determination. • the preservation of archaeological remains in situ; • the adequate recording of the heritage asset by archaeological investigation before development commences (preservation by record).

2. Study Area search results

2.1. Designated assets A search for designated heritage assets, such as Scheduled Monuments, Registered Parks or Gardens, Conservation Areas and Listed Buildings was carried out on the Suffolk HER and on the NHLE website.

2.1.1. Scheduled Monuments There is one Scheduled Monument within the Study Area, 800m to the south-west (Fig. 2). Its entry on the NHLE is summarised below:

Moated site at Denham Hall. NHLE No. 1019803. ‘The monument includes a medieval moated site at Denham Hall which is situated 150m to the south east of St Mary's parish church.’

‘The moated site includes a rectangular island which measures 136m NNW to SSE by a maximum of 56m ENE to WSW. The island is surrounded by a water-filled moat measuring up to 15m wide. Access across the moat is via two causeways; the causeway across the NNW arm has traces of brick revetting, and it is probable that it contains the remains of a brick bridge representing the original access to the island. The causeway across the WSW arm is thought to be a more recent addition.’

‘Denham Hall, a timber framed Listed Building Grade II (see below), which dates from the early 16th century, is situated on the NNW half of the island…. A ruined brick structure and associated brick revetting, which stands on the very northern corner of the island overlooking the moat on its NNW and ENE sides, is included in the scheduling. The structure, which is thought to date to the late 16th or early 17th century… is believed to have been a banqueting house… linked to the north corner of Denham Hall by a brick wall along the WNW side of the island. This wall is also Listed Grade II and is thought to post-date both structures.’

2.1.2. Registered Parks or Gardens There are no Registered Parks within the Study Area.

2.1.3. Conservation Areas There are no Conservation Areas lie within the Study Area.

2.1.4. Listed Buildings

A search carried out on the Suffolk HER and on the NHLE website has shown that the Study Area contains six Listed Buildings, located to the north, east and south-west (Fig. 2). The Suffolk HER data supplied also included entries for Denham Priory (1031413) and Denham Abbots (1376884). The location of these entries on the HER however is incorrect, the two properties actually lie c.1.6km to the south-west, outside of the Study Area, as shown on the NHLE.

Brief summaries of the NHLE entries for the six buildings are given below:

Denham End Farmhouse, Denham Lane. NHLE No. 1031414 Grade II listed mid-16th century house. Altered and extended early 17th and early 19th century. Timber framed, rendered with a pantiled roof.

Denham Vicarage Farmhouse, Barrow Road. NHLE No. 1376847 Grade II listed house dating to c.1840, formerly vicarage. Late 18th century rear range; double-pile plan. Painted gault brick with flat pilasters up to eaves; hipped slated roof.

Wolfe Hall, Barrow Hill. NHLE No. 1031441 Grade II listed early 16th century house, extended later 16th century. T-plan, lobby-entrance. 2 floors and attics. Timber-framed, rendered, with long-jettied upper floor at rear and jettied attic floor to cross-wing.

Church of St Mary. NHLE No. 1285509 Grade II* listed medieval parish church with c.1605 chapel; restored 1846.

Barn 50 yards west of Denham Hall. NHLE No. 1285481 Grade II listed barn dating to the early 17th century. 4 bays, 1 aisle on south side. Timber-framed, weather-boarded; hipped asbestos roof.

Denham Hall, Barrow Road. NHLE No. 1376828 Grade II listed house with early 16th century core, extended in the late 16th, 17th and early 19th centuries. Timber-framed, encased in 19th century in red brick at front. Slated roof at front, partially plaintiled at rear;

Moated site with late 16th or early 17th century red brick wall to north and gazebo at the north corner, now ruinous, with stone mullioned window (see Scheduled Monument entry above).

Figure 2. Designated assets within the Study Area

2.2. Historic Environment Record search The results of the search of the Suffolk HER was provided by Ben Donnelly-Symes (SCCAS). This identified a total of eighteen Monument records within 1km of the site centre, ranging from the Bronze Age to post-medieval periods (Fig. 3). The results of the search are summarised by period below and provided in full in Appendix 1.

The search also identified three Events that relate directly to the Monument entries. Two are phases of archaeological evaluation and excavation in advance of a residential development on land on the southern outskirts of Barrow, BRR 052, c.650m to the north, with the third being an outline record for a recent or ongoing geophysical survey (BRR 060) to the north-east of that site.

It should be noted that the HER only represents the archaeological material that has been reported, this is the ‘known’ resource. It is not therefore, a complete reflection of the whole archaeological resource of this area because other sites may remain undiscovered; this is considered as the ‘potential’ resource.

Bronze Age (BC 2,350 - BC 801) The approximate findspot of a polished stone, perforated, axe hammer (DEM 001) is recorded c.200m to the north-east of the site. A pit of Bronze Age date was identified during the fieldwork at BRR 052.

Roman (43 AD – 409 AD) A scatter of pottery sherds (BRR 009), mainly grey wares and an amphora handle have been recorded 900m to the south-east. Residual Roman tegula were recovered from a later pit in the excavations at BRR 052.

Medieval (AD 1066 – AD 1539) The fieldwork at BRR 052 identified some evidence of activity in the 13th-15th century with two pits being dated to this period and possibly associated with other undated pits and boundary ditches.

The listed building of St Mary’s Church (DEM 004) is recorded in the HER, as is the

Scheduled moated site of Denham Hall (DEM 002).

Two further medieval sites are cited as being identified from a map of 1597 (see section 2.4 below). The first is the triangular outline of the medieval ‘Barroughe Greene’ (BRR 014). The broad outline of the green, albeit now dissected by roads and partially occupied by buildings, is still visible within modern Barrow, 1km to the north. The second is a medieval manor site, c.500m to the east (BRR 013) on the west side of the Barrow Hill road.

An outline record (BRR 044), titled ‘market’ is situated in the fields to the south of Denham End, 750m to the north of the site.

Post-medieval (AD 1539 – AD 1900) Post-medieval pits and ditches have been recorded in the archaeological evaluation and excavations at BRR 052.

The listed barn to the west of Denham Hall is recorded as DEM 009 and two former buildings (DEM 025 and DEM 026) noted on the 1597 map are recorded in the HER as being of post-medieval date. These consist of two houses to the south of Green Farm on the eastern side of Barrow Hill road, 600m to the north-east.

Undated There are four areas of Ancient Woodland within the Study Area. These consist of Hockerhill Wood, 700m to the west (DEM 005), Wilsummer Wood, 900m to the north- east (BRR 017), Denham Thicks South, 100m to the south (DEM 006) and Denham Thicks North, 600m to the south (DEM 007). Substantial parts of both the Denham Thicks areas of woodland are now arable farmland.

An undated square enclosure, possibly a moat (DEM 003) is recorded within a now arable part of the Denham Thicks North woodland, c.450m to the south-west of the site.

Undated cropmarks of a possible large rectangular building (DEM 008) are recorded in a field to the north of Denham End, c.900m to the north.

The BRR 052 fieldwork has also identified a number of undated pits and ditches that are presumably related to the identified phases of Bronze Age, medieval and post- medieval activity.

Figure 3. HER sites within 1km of the centre of the site

2.3. Landscape Characterisation The Suffolk Historic Landscape Characterisation Map (Version 3, 2008) supplied by the Suffolk Historic Environment Record defines the site and much of the surrounding farmland in the immediate vicinity as Pre-18th century enclosure: Random fields (Fig. 4). This category ‘refers to land that was enclosed into fields for agriculture before 1700…these earlier landscapes are of great historic significance…’ and are ‘landscapes made up of fields that have an irregular pattern (i.e. without any dominant axis). Many were in existence by the medieval period, but could be earlier. Boundaries usually take the form of species-rich hedges (normally coppiced not laid) with associated ditches and banks. Areas with this field pattern are probably some of our earliest farming landscapes.’

Figure 4. Suffolk Historic Landscape Characterisation map

Other historic landscape categories within the Study Area include Woodland (which correspond to the extant areas of Ancient Woodland noted above), Post-1950 agricultural landscapes with boundary loss from either irregular co-axial fields (to the southeast) or random fields (to the northwest), Pre-18th century enclosure: Rectilinear fields to the west and Pre-18th century enclosure: Irregular co-axial fields to the east of Barrow Hill.

The Suffolk Landscape Character Assessment (www.suffolklandscape.org.uk) classes the site and near all of the Study Area as Undulating Estate Farmlands, which is described as an undulating arable landscape with parklands plantations and ancient woodland. Key aspects of this character type are listed as:

• Undulating arable landscape • Organic field pattern rationalised by estate ownership • Oak, ash and field maple as hedgerow trees • Complex arrangements of plantations especially in the north • Ancient woodlands • Landscape parks and ornamental tree species • Substantial open areas created for airfields and by post WWII agricultural improvement • Dispersed settlement pattern of loosely clustered villages, hamlets and isolated farmsteads especially in the north • Settlements more clustered and less dispersed in the south • Rich stock of mediaeval and Tudor timber-framed and brick buildings and moated sites • A landscape of well wooded farmland in many places often with a well kept appearance

2.4. Cartographic study A visit to the Suffolk Record Office on 30/06/2016 proved unsuccessful, with Tithe and Enclosure mapping for the parish not being available or catalogued. Despite assistance from Record Office staff the ‘Map of the Manor of Barroughe Hall et Fellons, 1597 (1779 copy), SRO(B), 862/3’ which is cited by the Suffolk HER as depicting BRR 013, BRR 014, BRR 017 etc. could not be identified or produced.

Ordnance Survey mapping from 1883 to 1981 at 1:10,000 or 1:10,560 scale (Appendix 2) shows that there was minimal change to the landscape within the Study Area from the late 19th century to 1958, apart from the loss of an area of woodland on the eastern

side of Denham Thicks between 1883 and 1905 and the establishment of large orchard areas to the east of Denham Hall and south of Wolf Hall. From 1958 to 1981 this changed, with a considerable loss of field boundaries being apparent across the Study Area creating a reduced number of larger fields. This included the removal of a boundary that formerly crossed the proposed site from north-west to south-east and a small pond or pit immediately to the north. Other notable changes in this period include the loss of much of the remaining woodland of Denham Thicks and the infilling of a gravel pit to the east of the site

2.5. Aerial photographs An online search of the Cambridge University Collection of Aerial Photography (CUCAP, www.cambridgeairphotos.com/map) shows four images available in the Study Area. Of these one is available to view online (BHQ31) and is cited as a source in the Suffolk HER entry for the undated square enclosure, DEM 003, which is clearly visible. The image does not extend to cover the proposed site.

ID Type Date Subject Eastings Northings BHQ31 Oblique 1972-03-16 Soil marks, E of Denham 576100 261900 K17AQ130 Vertical 1976-09-08 Agricultural land from Moulton to Barrow 575767 262788 K17AQ131 Vertical 1976-09-08 Agricultural land from Moulton to Barrow 576344 262676 K17AQ132 Vertical 1976-09-08 Agricultural land from Moulton to Barrow 576920 262564

Google Earth currently displays several aerial photographic surveys of the Study Area from December 1999 to March 2011. Images dated 1999 and 2000 clearly show several cropmarks across the Study Area, largely corresponding to field boundaries lost during the 20th century including the one that passes through the proposed site from northwest to south-east. Also visible as cropmarks are the DEM 003 enclosure and the former pond or quarry pit that lay immediately adjacent to the proposed site.

3. Assessment of impacts and effects

3.1. The archaeological potential of the site

3.1.1. Prehistoric and Roman Evidence of prehistoric or Roman activity in the Study Area is limited to a single Bronze Age findspot and the excavation of a Bronze Age feature, both to the north of the proposed development, a Roman findspot to the south-east and residual Roman material at BRR 052. While this limited evidence may partially be due to a general absence of any archaeological fieldwork, fieldwalking or metal-detecting surveys in the area it does appear to suggest a genuine lack of past activity in the vicinity, and that any early activity will have likely been of a low-level and widely dispersed.

The present evidence therefore suggests that the PDA has a low potential for containing hitherto unknown archaeological deposits of prehistoric and Roman date, and that any such deposits would most likely be of local, or possibly regional, significance.

3.1.2. Anglo-Saxon, medieval and post-medieval There is no direct evidence of any sort for activity in the Study Area during the Anglo- Saxon period, although it is probable that the settlement sites of Barrow, Denham Hall and Denham End may have an Anglo-Saxon origin.

While the Suffolk HER notes several former isolated buildings, a manor site and an excavation site containing evidence of medieval and post-medieval settlement extending south from Barrow along the Barrow Hill road there is little to suggest that the site itself has been anything but open farmland, or possibly woodland, during these periods. It should be noted however that other possible former medieval occupation sites may exist, as suggested by the undated enclosure DEM 003 to the south-west of the site which is thought to be a possible moat.

Much of the farmland in the Study Area is classified as pre-18th century enclosure and it seems likely that many of the extant field boundaries, and those noted as having been removed, date back to the medieval or early post-medieval period. This includes the two boundaries (one extant, one lost) that cross the site itself, and the former pond.

The present evidence therefore suggests that, other than the two ditches and pond, the site has a low potential for producing archaeological deposits of medieval or post- medieval date, and that any such deposits would likely be of local significance.

3.2. Potential level of archaeological preservation within the site The site’s past history as arable farmland suggests that any archaeological deposits are likely to be moderately or well-preserved below modern ploughsoils and the limits of agricultural truncation. There is no evidence to suggest any other past activity will have caused significant disturbance below the likely base of the ploughsoil at c.0.4m below ground level. The extent to which agricultural activity may have caused truncation to the upper levels of any archaeological horizon cannot be determined but is perhaps unlikely to be significant, and deposits could survive in similar fashion to that seen at BRR 052.

3.3. Potential impact of development on the archaeological resource The construction of a new pond or reservoir is likely to have a significant detrimental impact upon any archaeological remains that may exist. As discussed above any archaeological horizon is likely to survive beneath modern ploughsoil deposits, potentially from an estimated depth of c.0.4m below ground level, and it is assumed that the proposed groundworks will be to a far greater depth. Any archaeological deposits, including the two ditches/boundaries, are likely to be removed in their entirety across the development footprint.

3.4. Potential impact of development on other heritage assets The proposed development will affect a relatively small area set within a landscape of open arable farmland but it will represent another change to the historic field layout. A short section of the surviving boundary will be wholly removed, adding to the general pattern of boundary loss in the area since the mid/late 20th century.

The development is unlikely to have any direct or indirect impact upon any other heritage assets such as the surrounding Listed Buildings or the Scheduled Monument of Denham Hall, all of which lie at a distance of at least 700m.

4. Mitigation measures

The site is thought to have low potential for archaeological deposits of prehistoric and Roman date, medieval or post-medieval date. These are likely to be of local, possibly regional importance, in a state of moderate or good preservation, and vulnerable to disturbance from the proposed development.

As the site has not been subject to any previous systematic archaeological investigation, the actual presence, nature and state of preservation of any such archaeological deposits is unknown. However at present there are currently no grounds to suggest that refusal of planning permission will be needed in order to achieve preservation in situ of any designated heritage assets such as Scheduled Monuments, or of important but non-designated heritage assets such as known or unknown archaeological sites.

National and local guidance recommends that potential archaeological sites are evaluated prior to the determination of any planning application to assess the nature and significance of any archaeological deposits present. Such investigations can then enable an LPA’s archaeological advisor, in this case SCCAS, to make an informed decision regarding heritage assets in respect of any planning application and determine the need and scope for refusal of development to provide either preservation in situ of important archaeological deposits, or for the design of a suitable mitigation strategy, such as archaeological excavation and preservation by record, which can be imposed by conditions on planning consent.

The site’s recent history and present land-use means that both non-intrusive (fieldwalking, metal-detecting and geophysical surveys) and intrusive (trial trench evaluation) investigation techniques may be suitable methods for further investigation. Until such work is undertaken it is not possible to define the full extent of archaeological mitigation measures that may be required on a site, nor to calculate the likely cost and time implications of such mitigation.

5. Conclusions/Recommendations

This DBA has set the location of a proposed farm reservoir development within its immediate archaeological landscape through an examination of the Suffolk HER, the National Heritage List for England, and available cartographic sources and aerial photography.

In general the topographic location of the site, and the known archaeology and history of the area, suggests that it has low potential for containing archaeological remains of prehistoric, Roman, medieval or post-medieval date. Any archaeological remains which lie within the site are likely to be of local, possibly regional importance, and in a state of moderate to good preservation, but at a depth which will mean they will be significantly impacted upon by the proposed development. It is recommended that the client should consult with the Local Planning Authority, St Edmundsbury Borough Council, and its advisor Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service, at the earliest possible opportunity to determine if further archaeological investigation of the site is likely to be required prior to submission of a planning application.

6. Bibliography

Martin, E., 2008, The Suffolk Historic Landscape Characterisation Map, Version 3. Suffolk County Council.

Websites British Geological Survey http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html

Cambridge University Collection of Aerial Photographs www.cambridgeairphotos.com

Google Earth www.google.co.uk/intl/en_uk/earth

National Heritage List for England www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list

National Planning Policy Framework www.communities.gov.uk/publications/planningandbuilding/nppf

St Edmundsbury Borough Council Local Plan www.westsuffolk.gov.uk/planning/Planning_Policies/local_plans/stedmundsburylocalpla n.cfm

Suffolk Landscape Character Assessment www.suffolklandscape.org.uk

Appendix 1. Suffolk HER search results

Suffolk County Council Monument Full Report 24/06/2016 Number of records: 18

SMR Number Site Name Record Type BRR 009 - MSF1253 Roman artefact scatter of pottery sherds, mainly grey Monument wares and an amphora handle. Scatter of pottery sherds, mainly grey wares and an amphora handle (and a single Med Period Rom sherd) (S1).

Location National Grid Reference Centred TL 771 617 (100m by 100m) TL76SE Point Administrative Areas Civil Parish BARROW, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Parish Code - BRR 009 Active Sites & Monuments Record - 1253 Active SHINE Candidate (Possible) Active Ratings and Scorings Confidentiality Not restricted 29/12/2008 Monument Types and Dates ARTEFACT SCATTER (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD) Evidence ARTEFACT SCATTER Associated Finds FSF4262 POTTERY (Roman - 43 AD? to 409 AD?) CLAY Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Description and Sources Description Scatter of pottery sherds, mainly grey wares and an amphora handle (and a single Med sherd) (S1). Sources (S1) : Stimson D, 1985

Land Use Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations Plouviez, Judith - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Compiler 1/11/85 Stimson D, - Unassigned Reported by 01/11/85

zMonNewFullRpt 1 SMR Number BRR 013 - MSF144 Site Name Monfordes or Mundford's Manor (site) SMR Number Site Name Record Type BRR 013 - MSF14495 Monfordes or Mundford's Manor (site) Monument A 1597 map indicates the `scitus manerii de Monfordes' or site of the manor of Period Med Mundeford's (S1)(S2).

Location National Grid Reference Centred TL 7690 6233 (10m by 10m) TL76SE Point Administrative Areas Civil Parish BARROW, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References SHINE Candidate (Possible) Active Parish Code - BRR 013 Active Sites & Monuments Record - 14495 Active Ratings and Scorings ConfidentialityNot restricted 29/12/2008 Monument Types and Dates MANOR (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Description and Sources Description A 1597 map indicates the `scitus manerii de Monfordes' or site of the manor of Mundeford's (S1)(S2). Osbert de Mundeford of Mundford in Norfolk acquired a carucate of land in Barrow from Peter de Barewe in 1238-9 (S1). Sources (M1) Unpublished document: Suffolk Archaeological Service. Parish file. Parish file: copy of map in (S1) (S1) : Gage J, History & Antiquities of Suffolk. Thingoe Hundred, 1838, 15- 16 + map facing (S2) : Suffolk Record Office, Bury, 862/3, 1779 copy of map of 1597

Land Use Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations Martin, Edward - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Compiler 16/12/93

zMonNewFullRpt 2 SMR Number BRR 014 - MSF144 Site Name Barrow Green SMR NumberSite Name Record Type BRR 014 - MSF14496 Barrow Green Monument `Barroughe greene' is named and shown on a map of 1597, triangular in shape with Period Med houses on three sides and with rectangular enclosure in the centre containing a building (S1)(S2).

Location National Grid Reference Centred TL 7655 6344 (10m by 10m) TL76SE Point Administrative Areas Civil Parish BARROW, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References SHINE Candidate (Possible) Active Parish Code - BRR 014 Active Sites & Monuments Record - 14496 Active Ratings and Scorings ConfidentialityNot restricted 29/12/2008 Monument Types and Dates VILLAGE GREEN (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence EARTHWORK Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Description and Sources Description `Barroughe greene' is named and shown on a map of 1597, triangular in shape with houses on three sides and with rectangular enclosure in the centre containing a building (S1)(S2). Barrow Green shown and named on J Hodskinson's Map of Suffolk 1783. Named as Barrow Green on the modern OS 1: 10,000 map - triangular shape still preserved, open area much dissected by roads and drives, with a group of buildings in the centre. Some ponds along the green edge. Sources (M1) Unpublished document: Suffolk Archaeological Service. Parish file. Parish file: copy of map in (S1) (S1) : Gage J, History & Antiquities of Suffolk. Thingoe Hundred, 1838, map facing p 16 (S2) : Suffolk Record Office, Bury, 862/3, 1779 copy of map of 1597

Land Use Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations Martin, Edward - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Compiler 16/12/93

zMonNewFullRpt 3 SMR Number BRR 017 - MSF155 Site Name Wilsummer Wood; Wylesmere Wood (1597) SMR NumberSite Name Record Type BRR 017 - MSF15588 Wilsummer Wood; Wylesmere Wood (1597) Monument Ancient Woodland as defined in (S1). Period Un Location National Grid Reference Centred TL 774 629 (100m by 100m) TL76SE Point Administrative Areas Civil Parish BARROW, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Parish Code - BRR 017 Active SHINE Candidate (Possible) Active Sites & Monuments Record - 15588 Active Ratings and Scorings ConfidentialityNot restricted 29/12/2008 Monument Types and Dates EARTHWORK ((at some time) Medieval to IPS: Post Medieval - 1066 AD to 1900 AD) WOOD ((at some time) Medieval to IPS: Post Medieval - 1066 AD to 1900 AD) Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Description and Sources Description Ancient Woodland as defined in (S1). For details of history and earthworks see (S1), Suffolk Wildlife Trust, English Nature and County Countryside Section (Peter Holborn & Jeff Sinclair). NE corner cleared (S1). Mapped in 1597 (S2). Sources (S1) Unpublished document: Nature Conservancy Council. June 1992. Suffolk Inventory of Ancient Woodland (provisional). (S2) Map: Manor of Barroughe Hall et Fellons, 1597 (1779 copy), SRO(B), 862/3

Land Use Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations Pendleton, Colin - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Reviser 2003 Pendleton, Colin - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Compiler 14/2/95

zMonNewFullRpt 4 SMR Number BRR 025 - MSF166 Site Name Post Medieval house depicted on a map of 1597. SMR NumberSite Name Record Type BRR 025 - MSF16649 Post Medieval house depicted on a map of 1597. Monument House depicted on map of 1597, south of Green Farm and building (BRR 026), on road Period PMed frontage (S1).

Location National Grid Reference Centred TL 7685 6276 (10m by 10m) TL76SE Point Administrative Areas Civil Parish BARROW, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References SHINE Candidate (Possible) Active Sites & Monuments Record - 16649 Active Parish Code - BRR 025 Active Ratings and Scorings ConfidentialityNot restricted 29/12/2008 Monument Types and Dates HOUSE (16th century to 17th century - 1501 AD to 1600 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Description and Sources Description House depicted on map of 1597, south of Green Farm and building (BRR 026), on road frontage (S1). Sources (M1) Unpublished document: Suffolk Archaeological Service. Parish file. Parish file: copy (S1) (S1) : Map of Mannonior de Barroughe hall et fellon's, 1597 (Warren copy 1779)

Land Use Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations Pendleton, Colin - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Compiler 20/6/96

zMonNewFullRpt 5 SMR Number BRR 026 - MSF166 Site Name Post Medieval building/house depicted on a map of 1597. SMR Number Site Name Record Type BRR 026 - MSF16650 Post Medieval building/house depicted on a map of Monument 1597. Building (house?) depicted on map of 1597. Period PMed Location National Grid Reference Centred TL 7677 6287 (10m by 10m) TL76SE Point Administrative Areas Civil Parish BARROW, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References SHINE Candidate (Possible) Active Sites & Monuments Record - 16650 Active Parish Code - BRR 026 Active Ratings and Scorings ConfidentialityNot restricted 29/12/2008 Monument Types and Dates BUILDING (16th century to 17th century - 1501 AD to 1600 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE HOUSE (16th century to 17th century - 1501 AD to 1600 AD) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Description and Sources Description Building (house?) depicted on map of 1597. North of building (BRR 025), south west of Green Farm. Shown within road (now named Barrow Hill). Sources (M1) Unpublished document: Suffolk Archaeological Service. Parish file. Parish file: copy (S1) (S1) : Map of Mannonior de Barroughe hall et fellon's, 1597 (Warren copy 1779)

Land Use Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations Pendleton, Colin - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Compiler 20/6/96

zMonNewFullRpt 6 SMR Number BRR 044 - MSF281 Site Name OUTLINE RECORD: MARKET SMR Number Site Name Record Type BRR 044 - MSF28132 OUTLINE RECORD: MARKET Allocated Number Period Med Location National Grid Reference TL 760 630 (point) TL76SE Administrative Areas Civil Parish BARROW, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Parish Code - BRR 044 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Monument Types and Dates Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Description and Sources Description - None recorded

Sources - None recorded

Land Use Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

zMonNewFullRpt 7 SMR Number BRR 052 - MSF268 Site Name Pits and ditches of various dates, Barrow Hill, Barrow, Suffolk SMR Number Site Name Record Type BRR 052 - MSF26830 Pits and ditches of various dates, Barrow Hill, Barrow, Monument Suffolk Evaluation and excavation identified a Bronze Age pit, a ditch and pit of medieval date, two Period post-medieval pits and ditch, and a number pits and ditches of unknown date.

Location National Grid Reference Centred TL 7660 6295 (231m by 136m) TL76SE Area Administrative Areas Civil Parish BARROW, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Parish Code - BRR 052 Active Sites & Monuments Record - 26830 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Monument Types and Dates DITCH (Unknown date) PIT (Unknown date) PIT (Bronze Age - 2350 BC to 701 BC) DITCH (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD) PIT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD) DITCH (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD) PIT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD) Associated Finds FSF36592 POTTERY (Bronze Age - 2350 BC to 701 BC) FSF36593 POTTERY (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD) FSF38692 ANIMAL REMAINS (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD) Associated Events/Activities ESF21933 Evaluation: Barrow Hill, Barrow, Suffolk (Event - Intervention. Ref: OASIS-archaeol7-140088) ESF22769 Excavation, Land west of Barrow Hill, Barrow entered (Event - Intervention. Ref: OASIS-archaeol7- 172840) Description and Sources Description 2013: Evaluation identified a Bronze Age pit, a ditch and pit of medieval date, two post-medieval pits and three pits and a ditch all undated (S1). 2014: Excavation comprised the controlled strip, map and excavation of the entrance/access roads in the eastern part of the site - the entrance section c.65m long. And the excavation of an area centred on the Early Bronze Age pit identified in Evaluation. The excavation identified, in the area centred on the Early Bronze Age Pit revealed a medieval pit, a modern pit and four undated pits. To the east two undated boundary ditches and one post-medieval doundary ditch were revealed. Also a group of three intercutting pits comprised two modern pits and a medieval pit of 13th-15th century date were revealed. Sources (S1) Unpublished document: Gorniak M. 2013. Archaeological Evaluation Report, Barrow Hill, Barrow, Suffolk. (S2) Unpublished document: Smith, L and Newton A S. 2014. Research Archive Report, Barrow Hill, Barrow.

Land Use zMonNewFullRpt 8 SMR Number BRR 052 - MSF268 Site Name Pits and ditches of various dates, Barrow Hill, Barrow, Suffolk

Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

zMonNewFullRpt 9 SMR Number BRR 060 - MSF347 Site Name OUTLINE RECORD: Land East of Barrow Hill (AS) GEO SMR Number Site Name Record Type BRR 060 - MSF34769 OUTLINE RECORD: Land East of Barrow Hill (AS) Allocated Number GEO Period Location National Grid Reference TL 76726 63076 (point) TL76SE Point Administrative Areas Civil Parish BARROW, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Parish Code - BRR 060 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Monument Types and Dates Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities ESF23941 Geophysical Survey - Land East of Barrow Hill, Barrow (Event - Intervention. Ref: OASIS- archaeol7-250773) Description and Sources Description - None recorded

Sources - None recorded

Land Use Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations - None recorded

zMonNewFullRpt 10 SMR Number DEM 001 - MSF649 Site Name Findspot of a Bronze-Age polished stone, perforated axe SMR NumberSite Name Record Type DEM 001 - MSF6497 Findspot of a Bronze-Age polished stone, perforated Monument axe hammer. Axe hammer, polished stone, perforated (S1). Period BA Location National Grid Reference Centred TL 765 625 (100m by 100m) TL76SE Point Administrative Areas Civil Parish DENHAM, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References SHINE Candidate (Possible) Active Sites & Monuments Record - 6497 Active National Monuments Record - TL76SE14 Active Parish Code - DEM 001 Active Ratings and Scorings ConfidentialityNot restricted 29/12/2008 Monument Types and Dates FINDSPOT (Bronze Age - 2350 BC to 701 BC) Evidence FIND Associated Finds FSF18103 PERFORATED OBJECT (Early Bronze Age - 2350 BC to 1501 BC) STONE Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Description and Sources Description Axe hammer, polished stone, perforated (S1). Cited location possibly an approximation only? Sources (R1) Bibliographic reference: Suffolk Institute of Archaeology. Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology. PSIA, 31, 1967, 76 (S1) Index: OS. OS Card. OS, card TL76SE14

Land Use Landuse Cultivated land, undetermined Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations BSEMH (Edwardson), - Unassigned Reported by 01/01/67 Pendleton, Colin - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Reviser 31/10/95 West, Stanley - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Compiler

zMonNewFullRpt 11 SMR Number DEM 002 - MSF649 Site Name Denham Hall SMR Number Site Name Record Type DEM 002 - MSF6498 Denham Hall Monument Scheduled Monument - Moat. listed building Period Med Location National Grid Reference Centred TL 757 618 (100m by 100m) TL76SE Point Administrative Areas Civil Parish DENHAM, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations Scheduled Ancient Monument - 33307 MOATED SITE AT DENHAM HALLActive DSF15489 Other Statuses and Cross-References Sites & Monuments Record - 6498 Active National Monuments Record - TL76SE3 Active Listed Building (II) Active Parish Code - DEM 002 Active SHINE Candidate (No) Active Ratings and Scorings ConfidentialityNot restricted 29/12/2008 Monument Types and Dates MOAT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK HOUSE (16th century to 18th century - 1501 AD to 1700 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK GARDEN HOUSE (IPS: Post Medieval to 18th century - 1601 AD to 1700 AD) Evidence EARTHWORK Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities ESF14581 Survey by OS (Event - Survey. Ref: OS) ESF13172 Site Visit by SAU (EM) (Event - Survey. Ref: SAU (EM)) Description and Sources Description Moat. Long, rectangular, wet, occupied. Adjoins church. Main causeway entrance on N side, with another on the W side. Traces of brick revetting along the edge of the N causeway and along the eastern half of the N edge of the moated island. At the NE corner, bonded into the brick revetting, there is a small one-cell brick structure with stone quoins. This is now roofless. In the N wall there is a stone window with ovolo mouldings of early 17th century date. The brickwork is laid in English bond and is also probably 17th century. This is probably a banqueting house or gazebo (S2). The main house has an early 19th century brick facade with a pedimented doorway. This conceals a timber-framed structure of early 16th century date, extended in the late 16th century, the late 17th century and provided with a rear wing in the early 19th century. A fragment of a jettied cross wing of early 16th century still survives. Late 16th century chimney with hexagonal flues (S3). Manor was acquired by the Heigham family of Higham Hall in Gazeley in 1481, but was probably not used by them as a residence until 1548 when it was settled on Thomas Heigham on his marriage to Martha Jermyn, he died in 1557 and his widow, Martha, lived here until her death in 1593. S H A Hervey suggested that Thomas or Martha may have built the hall (S4). Martha was succeeded by her daughter, Susan, and her husband, Sir Edward Lewkenor. They both died in 1605. Their son, Sir Edward, died in 1618 aged 32. His funeral sermon mentions that `he reered up one building near his own hous, furnished it with a large table to the onely use and releafe of the poore, for at his great expences' (S4). This could be the banqueting house on the edge of the moat. The last Edward Lewkenor died in 1634 aged 21, leaving an only daughter, Mary, who married Sir Horatio Townshend, 1st Viscount Townshend of Raynham in Norfolk in 1658 and inherited the property. The Hall probably became a farmhouse zMonNewFullRpt 12 SMR Number DEM 002 - MSF649 Site Name Denham Hall between 1658 and 1674, when Walter Ray is recorded as holding 11 hearths there. Historical notes in parish file. March 2001: Scheduled. Details in (S5). Sources (M1) Scheduling record: English Heritage. Scheduled Ancient Monument file. (S5) (M1) : Moat file: (R1) Index: OS. OS Card. OS, card TL76SE3 (ill) (S1) : See Moat file (R2) Bibliographic reference: Copinger W A. Manors of Suffolk. Copinger W A, Manors of Suff, 5, 1909, 220 (S2) : SAU, Martin E, visit, 17 December 1996 (S3) : Listed Building Register (S4) : Hervey S H A (ed), Denham Parish Registers, 1905, 191, 239 & photographs facing page 300 (S5) Unpublished document: English Heritage. Scheduling information, March 2001

Land Use Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations Gilksen, E - Unassigned Land Owner 2002 Martin, Edward - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Reviser 2000 Martin, Edward - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Reviser 17/12/96 Pendleton, Colin - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Reviser 10/7/2001 West, Stanley - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Compiler

zMonNewFullRpt 13 SMR Number DEM 003 - MSF649 Site Name Denham Thicks SMR Number Site Name Record Type DEM 003 - MSF6499 Denham Thicks Monument Square enclosure. Period Un Location National Grid Reference Centred TL 7615 6195 (10m by 10m) TL76SE Point Administrative Areas Civil Parish DENHAM, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Parish Code - DEM 003 Active SHINE Candidate (Yes) Active Sites & Monuments Record - 6499 Active Ratings and Scorings ConfidentialityNot restricted 29/12/2008 Monument Types and Dates MOAT (Unknown date) Evidence CROPMARK SQUARE ENCLOSURE (Unknown date) Evidence CROPMARK Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Description and Sources Description Square enclosure. ? moat (S1)(S2). Within ancient woodland 007 (S3). Sources (M1) Photograph: CUCAP. CUCAP aerial photograph. APs: SAU AFE 25, 26; CUCAP BHQ 31 (S1) Photograph: CUCAP. CUCAP aerial photograph. CUCAP, AP BHQ 31, December 1971 (S2) : SAU, APs AFE 25, 26 (S3) Photograph: OS, AP. 76 0606 054, 1976

Land Use Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations Pendleton, Colin - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Reviser 2001 Pendleton, Colin - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Reviser 24/7/92 Plouviez, Judith - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Compiler

zMonNewFullRpt 14 SMR Number DEM 004 - MSF168 Site Name Church of St Mary SMR Number Site Name Record Type DEM 004 - MSF1680 Church of St Mary Monument St Edmundsbury and Ipswich diocese, Sudbury archdeaconry, Thingoe deanery. Period Med Location National Grid Reference Centred TL 7559 6183 (10m by 10m) TL76SE Point Administrative Areas Civil Parish DENHAM, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Sites & Monuments Record - 1680 Active Parish Code - DEM 004 Active SHINE Candidate (Possible) Active Ratings and Scorings ConfidentialityNot restricted 29/12/2008 Monument Types and Dates CHURCH (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD) Evidence EXTANT BUILDING Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Description and Sources Description St Edmundsbury and Ipswich diocese, Sudbury archdeaconry, Thingoe deanery. Status : vicarage. Structure : chancel, N chapel, nave, S porch, embattled W tower. Date : mostly Decorated and Perpendicular, Elizabethan chapels. The church lies next to Denham Hall in the SE of the parish (S5). The SIA visited Denham church in July 1861 and noted "the very beautiful tomb... to Edward Lewkenor, one of the former possessors of the Hall' (S1). "N doorway plainest Norman. NE chapel a C17 addition". Monument to Sir Edward Lewkenor big four-poster with kneeling family, ten of them, in double file, facing E. Big superstructure with obelisks and strapwork" (S2). Further information on monument to Sir Edward Lewkenor in (S3). "The church (St Mary) is small, of late Decorated and Perpendicular character. On the N side is an Elizabethan chapel containing monuments of the Lewkenor family" (S4). Sources (S1) Bibliographic reference: Suffolk Institute of Archaeology. Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology. PSIA, 3, 1863, (3), 412 (S2) Bibliographic reference: Pevsner N & Radcliffe E. 1974. The Buildings of England: Suffolk. Pevsner N, The buildings of England-Suffolk, London 1975 (second edition), 187 (S3) Bibliographic reference: Cautley H M. 1975. Suffolk Churches. 260 (S4) Bibliographic reference: Barker, H. R.. 1907. West Suffolk Illustrated. 122 (S5) : SAU, Suffolk Parishes, a guide to their archaeology and history, 1984- 1985, ms

Land Use Landuse In use as building Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations Atkinson, Robert - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Compiler 7/11/85 zMonNewFullRpt 15 SMR Number DEM 005 - MSF159 Site Name Hockerill Wood SMR Number Site Name Record Type DEM 005 - MSF15927 Hockerill Wood Monument Ancient woodland as defined in (S1). Period Un Location National Grid Reference Centred TL 756 626 (100m by 100m) TL76SE Point Administrative Areas Civil Parish DENHAM, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References SHINE Candidate (Possible) Active Parish Code - DEM 005 Active Sites & Monuments Record - 15927 Active Ratings and Scorings ConfidentialityNot restricted 29/12/2008 Monument Types and Dates EARTHWORK (Unknown date) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence EARTHWORK WOOD (Unknown date) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence EARTHWORK Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Description and Sources Description Ancient woodland as defined in (S1). For details of history and earthworks see (S1), the Suffolk Wildlife Trust, English Nature and the County Council Countryside section (Peter Holborn and Geoff Sinclair) & various Oliver Rackham works including (S2). Sources (S1) Unpublished document: Nature Conservancy Council. June 1992. Suffolk Inventory of Ancient Woodland (provisional). (S2) Bibliographic reference: Rackham, O.. 1988. Medieval Woods. An Historical Atlas of Suffolk, 50-51.

Land Use Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations Pendleton, Colin - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Compiler 8/2/95

zMonNewFullRpt 16 SMR Number DEM 006 - MSF159 Site Name Denham Thicks South SMR Number Site Name Record Type DEM 006 - MSF15928 Denham Thicks South Monument Ancient woodland as defined in (S1). Period Un Location National Grid Reference Centred TL 763 615 (100m by 100m) TL76SE Point Administrative Areas Civil Parish DENHAM, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References SHINE Candidate (Possible) Active Parish Code - DEM 006 Active Sites & Monuments Record - 15928 Active Ratings and Scorings ConfidentialityNot restricted 29/12/2008 Monument Types and Dates EARTHWORK (Unknown date) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence EARTHWORK WOOD (Unknown date) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence EARTHWORK Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Land Use Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations Pendleton, Colin - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Compiler 8/2/95

zMonNewFullRpt 17 SMR Number DEM 007 - MSF159 Site Name Denham Thicks North SMR Number Site Name Record Type DEM 007 - MSF15929 Denham Thicks North Monument Ancient woodland as defined in (S1). Period Un Location National Grid Reference Centred TL 763 621 (100m by 100m) TL76SE Point Administrative Areas Civil Parish DENHAM, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Parish Code - DEM 007 Active Sites & Monuments Record - 15929 Active SHINE Candidate (Yes) Active Ratings and Scorings ConfidentialityNot restricted 29/12/2008 Monument Types and Dates EARTHWORK (Unknown date) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence EARTHWORK WOOD (Unknown date) Evidence DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Evidence EARTHWORK Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Land Use Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations Pendleton, Colin - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Compiler 8/2/95

zMonNewFullRpt 18 SMR Number DEM 008 - MSF248 Site Name Denham End, Brockley Lane SMR Number Site Name Record Type DEM 008 - MSF24816 Denham End, Brockley Lane Monument Cropmarks of a possibly large rectangular building, next to Brockley Lane. Period Un Location National Grid Reference Centred TL 7609 6319 (63m by 57m) TL76SE Area Administrative Areas Civil Parish DENHAM, MID SUFFOLK, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations - None recorded

Other Statuses and Cross-References Sites & Monuments Record - 24816 Active SHINE Candidate (Unlikely) Active Parish Code - DEM 008 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Monument Types and Dates Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Description and Sources Description Cropmarks of a possibly large rectangular building, next to Brockley Lane (S1). Sources (S1) Photograph: OS, AP. 76/060/054, 1976

Land Use Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations Rolfe, James - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Compiler 22/10/2010

zMonNewFullRpt 19 SMR Number DEM 009 - MSF254 Site Name Barn at Denham Hall SMR Number Site Name Record Type DEM 009 - MSF25400 Barn at Denham Hall Building 17th C aisled barn Period 17th C Location National Grid Reference Centred TL 7563 6179 (21m by 15m) TL76SE Area Administrative Areas Civil Parish DENHAM, MID SUFFOLK, SUFFOLK Address/Historic Names - None recorded

Designations, Statuses and Scorings Associated Legal Designations Listed Building (II) - 283732 BARN 50 YARDS WEST OF DENHAM Active DSF8926 HALL Other Statuses and Cross-References Sites & Monuments Record - 25400 Active Parish Code - DEM 009 Active Ratings and Scorings - None recorded

Monument Types and Dates BARN (17th century - 1600 AD to 1699 AD) Covering Building WEATHERBOARD Material Evidence EXTANT BUILDING Main Building TIMBER Material Finds - None recorded

Associated Events/Activities - None recorded

Description and Sources Description A 17th C timber-framed and weatherboarded 4 bay aisled barn, with a clasped-purlin roof. This barn sits within the moated site of Denham Hall (DEM 002) and has now been converted (S1). Sources (S1) Unpublished document: Aitkens, P and Wade-Martins, S.. 1998. The Farmsteads of Suffolk. A Thematic Study.

Land Use Related Monuments - None Recorded Associated Individuals/Organisations Abraham, R - Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Compiler Aitkens P, - Unassigned Researcher

zMonNewFullRpt 20 Suffolk County Council Event/Activity Full Report 24/06/2016 Number of records: 3

Event IDEvent Name Event Type ESF21933 Evaluation: Barrow Hill, Barrow, Suffolk Event - Intervention External Reference: OASIS-archaeol7-140088 Dates: 01/11/2012 - 30/11/2012 Project Details: Event/Activity Types Evaluation Thesaurus Event Types EVALUATION Event/Activity References - None recorded Organisation - None Recorded

Associated Individuals - None recorded Associated Organisations - None recorded

Location BRR 052: Barrow Hill, Barrow, Suffolk BARROW ST EDMUNDSBURY Grid Reference Centred TL 7658 6299 (278m by 223m) TL76SE Area Administrative Areas Civil Parish BARROW, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address BRR 052: Barrow Hill, Barrow, Suffolk, BARROW, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Description and Sources Description PROJECT DETAILS In November 2012 Archaeological Solutions Ltd (AS) carried out an archaeological evaluation at Barrow Hill, Barrow, Suffolk (NGR TL 7655 6300. The evaluation was undertaken in advance of the proposed construction of a residential development. It was required to prior to the determination of a planning application by St Edmundsbury Borough Council, and based on advice from Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Conservation Team requiring a programme of archaeological work. Archaeological features were generally recorded in the southern half of the site. A singe early Bronze Age feature, Pit F1019 (Tr.19) was recorded. Though isolated it did contained nine (29g) of pottery and a small quantity (25g) of animal bone. Proceeding chronologically, residual Roman tegula was found in Pit F1007 (Tr.21). In the eastern sector of the site Trench 21 contained Ditch F1003 which produced medieval (late 12th - 13th century) pottery. In the same trench Pit F1007 contained residual medieval (late 12th - 13th/14th century) pottery. In the opposite sector of the site (north- western) medieval sherds were found in the topsoil of Trenches 1 and 3. The remaining features were post- medieval (Pit F1013 (Tr.15) and Pit F1007 (Tr.21)) or undated (Ditch F1017 (Tr.11), Pit F1015 (Tr.15), Pit F1011 (Tr.22) and Pit F1021 (Tr.26)). Project status: Complete Yes, Validated Yes Previous/Future Work: Previous No, Future Not known

Associated Identifiers: Contracting Unit No. P4211 HER event no. BRR 052 NMR No. 1572040

Project Type: Field evaluation EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 1 Event ID: ESF21933 Name: Evaluation: Barrow Hill, Barrow, Suffolk

Development Type: Rural residential Methods and Techniques: '''Targeted Trenches''', '''Sample Trenches''' Position in the Planning Process: Pre-application Reason for Investigation: Planning condition Site status: None Current Land use: Other 15 - Other Monument Type(s)/Period(s): PIT Post Medieval , FEATURE Bronze Age , DITCH Medieval , DITCH Post Medieval Artefact Type(s)/Period(s): POTTERY Medieval , POTTERY Late Bronze Age , POTTERY Post Medieval

PROJECT LOCATION Area 3.80 Hectares Grid Reference: TL76556300 Point Height 95.00 - 95.00 metres

PROJECT CREATOR(S) Organisation: Archaeological Solutions Ltd Brief originator: Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Conservation Team Design originator: Jon Murray Director/Manager: Jon Murray Supervisor: Mariusz Gorniak

DIGITAL ARCHIVE Recipient: Suffolk County Archaeological Store Contents: 'Survey' Media: 'Images raster / digital photography', 'Survey', 'Text'

PAPER ARCHIVE Recipient: Suffolk County Archaeological Store Contents: 'Survey' Media: 'Drawing', 'Photograph', 'Plan', 'Report', 'Survey '

PHYSICAL ARCHIVE Recipient: Suffolk County Archaeological Store Contents: 'Ceramics'

BIBLIOGRAPHY Publication Type: Grey literature (unpublished document/manuscript) Title: Barrow Hill, Barrow, Suffolk Author(s)/Editor(s): Gorniak, M Other Bibliographic Details: Archaeological Solutions Report No. 4204 Date: 2012 Issuer/Publisher: Archaeological Solutions Place of Issue or Publication: Bury St Edmunds Sources Unpublished document: Gorniak M. 2013. Archaeological Evaluation Report, Barrow Hill, Barrow, Suffolk. Associated Monuments BRR 052 Pits and ditches of various dates, Barrow Hill, Barrow, Suffolk (Monument BRR 052)

EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 2 Event ID: ESF22769 Name: Excavation, Land west of Barrow Hill, Barrow entered

Event IDEvent Name Event Type ESF22769 Excavation, Land west of Barrow Hill, Barrow entered Event - Intervention External Reference: OASIS-archaeol7-172840 Dates: 01/03/2014 - 30/04/2014 Project Details: Event/Activity Types - None recorded Thesaurus Event Types - None recorded Event/Activity References - None recorded Organisation: Archaeological Solutions

Associated Individuals - None recorded Associated Organisations - None recorded

Location BRR 052: LAND WEST OF BARROW HILL, BARROW, SUFFOLK BARROW ST EDMUNDSBURY Grid Reference Centred TL 7664 6297 (128m by 56m) TL76SE Dispersed Administrative Areas Civil Parish BARROW, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address BRR 052: LAND WEST OF BARROW HILL, BARROW, SUFFOLK, BARROW, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Description and Sources Description PROJECT DETAILS In March and April 2014 archaeological Solutions Ltd (AS) carried out an archaeological excavation at Barrow Hill, Barrow, Suffolk (NGR TL 7655 6300). The excavation was commissioned by Hopkins Homes Ltd and was undertaken in advance of the proposed construction of a residential development. It was required to comply with a planning condition attached to planning permission for the residential development of the site (Ref. SE/12/1535/FUL), based on advice from Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Conservation Team. The excavation comprised the controlled strip, map and excavation of the entrance/access roads in the eastern part of the site - the entrance section c.65m long. And the excavation of an area centred on the Early Bronze Age feature (Pit F1019) identified in Evaluation Trench 19. The excavation recorded medieval (13th-15th century) and post-medieval/modern activity. Area 1 centred on Pit F1019 (Tr.19) and revealed a medieval pit (F2038), a modern pit (F2022) and four undated pits (F2018, F2020, F2032 and F2034). To the east (Area 2) undated boundary ditches were recorded (F2003, F2006, F2008 and F2024) were revealed. A group of three intercutting pits (F2010, F2014 and F2016) comprised two features modern date with the earliest (F2014) containing material to indicate that it was of medieval (13th-15th century) date. Project status: Complete Yes, Validated Yes Previous/Future Work: Previous Yes, Future No

Associated Identifiers: Contracting Unit No. P4211 Sitecode BRR 052 NMR No. 1590391

Project Type: Research project Investigation Type: '''Full excavation''' Reason for Investigation: Research Site status: None Current Land use: Other 15 - Other Monument Type(s)/Period(s): PITS, DITCHES Medieval EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 3 Event ID: ESF22769 Name: Excavation, Land west of Barrow Hill, Barrow entered

Artefact Type(s)/Period(s): POTTERY Medieval

PROJECT LOCATION Area 3.80 Hectares Grid Reference: TL76556300 Point Height 95.00 - 95.00 metres

DIGITAL ARCHIVE Recipient: Suffolk County Archaeological Store Contents: 'Survey' Media: 'Images raster / digital photography', 'Survey', 'Text'

PAPER ARCHIVE Recipient: Suffolk County Archaeological Store Contents: 'Survey' Media: 'Report', 'Survey ', 'Drawing', 'Photograph', 'Plan'

PHYSICAL ARCHIVE Recipient: Suffolk County Archaeological Store Contents: 'Ceramics'

BIBLIOGRAPHY Publication Type: Grey literature (unpublished document/manuscript) Title: Barrow Hill, Barrow, Suffolk. Author(s)/Editor(s): Smith, L, Newon, A Other Bibliographic Details: Archaeological Solutions Report No. 4616 Date: 2014 Issuer/Publisher: Archaeological Solutions Ltd Place of Issue or Publication: Bury St Edmunds Sources Unpublished document: Smith, L and Newton A S. 2014. Research Archive Report, Barrow Hill, Barrow. Associated Monuments BRR 052 Pits and ditches of various dates, Barrow Hill, Barrow, Suffolk (Monument BRR 052)

EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 4 Event ID: ESF23941 Name: Geophysical Survey - Land East of Barrow Hill, Barrow

Event IDEvent Name Event Type ESF23941 Geophysical Survey - Land East of Barrow Hill, Barrow Event - Intervention External Reference: OASIS-archaeol7-250773 No dates recorded Project Details: Event/Activity Types - None recorded Thesaurus Event Types - None recorded Event/Activity References - None recorded Organisation: Archaeological Solutions

Associated Individuals - None recorded Associated Organisations - None recorded

Location Grid Reference TL 76726 63076 (point) TL76SE Point Administrative Areas Civil Parish BARROW, ST EDMUNDSBURY, SUFFOLK Address - None recorded

Description and Sources Description - None recorded Sources - None recorded

Associated Monuments BRR 060 OUTLINE RECORD: Land East of Barrow Hill (AS) GEO (Allocated Number BRR 060)

EventFullRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd Page 5

Appendix 2. Ordnance Survey mapping

21123 CMAPS-CM-541162-21123-290616 ! 576410, 262334 "#$County Series N "!1883-1888 W E % 1:10,560 S &!1:10,560

W12CS5FC D7 X12S4CES1F Y4E89@AE 333`912S4CES1F`52a RS66b8FC D7c 333`5F4A1FaB6Eb8TF`52a 912S4CES1Fd5F4A1FaB6E`52a ) 01234 5267189@A B4C CBABDBEF 189@AE GHIP Q1C4B45F RS1TF7 IHHHUPGHV W12CS5A824 CBAFc 29 June 2016

e2 T8F3 aB6 bF9F4C 5b85f @F1F ghihpq

21123 CMAPS-CM-541162-21123-290616 ! 576410, 262334 "#$County Series N "!1901-1905 W E % 1:10,560 S &!1:10,560

e2 T8F3 aB6 bF9F4C 5b85f @F1F ghihpq

21123 CMAPS-CM-541162-21123-290616 ! 576410, 262334 "#$County Series N "!1950 W E % 1:10,560 S &!1:10,560

e2 T8F3 aB6 bF9F4C 5b85f @F1F ghihpq

21123 CMAPS-CM-541162-21123-290616 ! 576410, 262334 "#$Provisional N "!1958 W E % 1:10,560 S &!1:10,560

e2 T8F3 aB6 bF9F4C 5b85f @F1F ghihpq

21123 CMAPS-CM-541162-21123-290616 ! 576410, 262334 "#$National Grid N "!1981 W E % 1:10,000 S &!1:10,000

e2 T8F3 aB6 bF9F4C 5b85f @F1F ghihpq

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