Rhodophyta) En El Atlántico Ibérico: Estado Actual De Su Conocimiento

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Rhodophyta) En El Atlántico Ibérico: Estado Actual De Su Conocimiento Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 73(2): e038 2016. ISSN: 0211-1322. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2424 El orden Corallinales sensu lato (Rhodophyta) en el Atlántico ibérico: estado actual de su conocimiento Juan Lugilde*, Viviana Peña & Ignacio Bárbara Grupo de investigación BIOCOST, Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira, E-15071, A Coruña, España. [email protected] Recibido: 15-VII-2015; Aceptado: 16-IX-2015; Publicado on line: 28-IX-2016 Resumen Abstract Lugilde, J., Peña, V. & Bárbara, I. 2016. El orden Corallinales sensu lato Lugilde, J., Peña, V. & Bárbara, I. 2016. The order Corallinales sensu lato (Rhodophyta) en el Atlántico ibérico: estado actual de su conocimiento. (Rhodophyta) in the Iberian Atlantic: current state of knowledge. Anales Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 73(2): e038. Jard. Bot. Madrid 73(2): e038. Se presenta una revisión del orden Corallinales sensu lato en el A review of the order Corallinales sensu lato in the Atlantic Iberian Atlántico ibérico con el objeto de evaluar su estado de conocimiento Peninsula is presented with the aim of assessing its current state of en comparación con territorios adyacentes (Islas Británicas-Atlántico knowledge in comparison with adjacent areas (British Isles-Atlantic francés, Macaronesia y el Mediterráneo ibérico). Tras la recopilación France, Macaronesia and Iberian Mediterranean). According to the de información en más de 250 trabajos, así como datos de herbario information compiled from more than 250 publications, herbarium data y manuscritos, se concluye que los estudios sobre algas coralinas en and manuscripts, we concluded that Atlantic Iberian coralline algae el Atlántico ibérico son escasos en comparación con los territorios have been poorly studied, which resulted in only 49 species reported. adyacentes, reflejándose en una menor diversidad (49 especies). By contrast, Macaronesia is the most species-rich region (91), followed Macaronesia es la región más diversa (91 especies), seguida del by Spanish Mediterranean (67) and the British Isles-Atlantic France Mediterráneo ibérico (67) y las Islas Británicas-Atlántico francés (61). (61). In the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula, 17 species occurred commonly En el Atlántico ibérico, se localizaron 17 especies presentes en más (present in more than 50% of the coastline), particularly those corre- del 50% de la línea costera, destacando las del género Lithophyllum, sponding to the genera Amphiroa, Jania, Lithophyllum, Mesophyllum, seguido de Amphiroa, Jania, Mesophyllum, and Phymatolithon. and Phymatolithon. Instead, the genera Harveylithon, Hydrolithon, Géneros con menor representación han sido Harveylithon, Hydrolithon, Leptophytum, Lithothamnion, Neogoniolithon and Pneophyllum have Leptophytum, Lithothamnion, Neogoniolithon y Pneophyllum. En el been occasionally reported. In the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula and adjacent Atlántico ibérico y los territorios vecinos predominan las especies epi- regions, the epilithic growth-form was dominant, followed by the epi- líticas, seguidas de las epifitas y, en menor medida, epizoicas y for- phytic, epizoic and the unattached (maerl/rodoliths); besides, sciaphilous mas libres (maerl/rodolitos); también se han registrado más especies taxa were more abundant than photophilous species. The low intertidal esciáfilas que fotófilas. En cuanto al hábitat, se detectó una mayor and shallow subtidal harbour a high diversity of coralline algae, as well diversidad de algas coralinas en el litoral inferior e infralitoral superior, as semi-exposed coasts or areas affected by currents. The present study así como en hábitats semiexpuestos o sometidos a corrientes. En el confirms that studies on the Atlantic Iberian coralline algae are scarce, presente trabajo se confirma una carencia notable de estudios sobre and that further research on this group is required. algas coralinas en el Atlántico ibérico y la necesidad de iniciar nuevas investigaciones en este grupo. Palabras clave: algas coralinas, Atlántico francés, distribución, diver- Keywords: Atlantic France, British Isles, coralline algae, diversity, dis- sidad, hábitat, Islas Británicas, Macaronesia, Mediterráneo ibérico, tribution, habitat, Iberian Peninsula, Macaronesia, Review, Spanish Península Ibérica, revisión. Mediterranean. Copyright: © 2016 CSIC. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-by) Spain 3.0 License. INTRODUCCIÓN al., 2009; Farr & al., 2009). El orden Corallinales sensu lato cuenta con 36 géneros y 725 especies (Guiry & Guiry, 2016) Se conocen por el nombre de algas coralinas (cal- que tradicionalmente se agrupaban en función de su mor- cáreas o coralináceas) a los representantes de la subclase fología general externa: (a) articuladas o geniculadas, cuyos Corallinophycidae (Rhodophyta) cuyo aspecto pétreo carac- talos erectos están provistos de zonas calcificadas alternadas terístico se debe a la precipitación de calcita en sus paredes con zonas no calcificadas (genículos); y (b) no articuladas o no celulares (Woelkerling, 1988). La morfología, el color y el hábi- geniculadas, cuya morfología es generalmente postrada total- tat son variables, presentan una amplia distribución geográfica mente calcificada y, por tanto, no presenta genículos (Irvine & y son relevantes en la formación de hábitats biogénicos como Chamberlain, 1994). A nivel anatómico, los talos de las algas los fondos de maërl y coralígeno (Johansen, 1981; Foster, coralinas presentan una estructura pseudoparenquimatosa, 2001; Ballesteros, 2006). Las algas coralinas han sido estu- gene ralmente dorsiventral, pero también radial o isobilateral. diadas desde la época de Linneo y están catalogadas, descri- El crecimiento en longitud y espesor del talo se debe a la activ- tas y recopiladas en diversas monografías y floras (Hamel & idad de meristemos apicales e intercalares. Algunos grupos Lemoine, 1952; Johansen, 1981; Woelkerling, 1988; Irvine & presentan además tricocitos, que pueden ser solitarios o bien Chamberlain, 1994; Womersley, 1996; Woelkerling & Lamy, disponerse en filas verticales u horizontales. El ciclo de vida 1998; Bressan & Babbini, 2003; Harvey & al., 2005; Braga & * Autor para la correspondencia. J. Lugilde & al. 2 es generalmente trifásico, con estructuras sexuales y asexuales dispone de un catálogo completo y se desconoce la distri- formadas en conceptáculos. También presentan reproduc- bución y hábitat de muchas especies. Además, se detectan ción vegetativa por fragmentación, formación de propágulos ausencias de especies conocidas en territorios vecinos, posi- o biesporas apomeióticas (Johansen, 1981; Woelkerling, 1988; blemente por falta de estudios detallados. Por tanto, se hace Irvine & Chamberlain, 1994). La flora bentónica marina del necesario llevar a cabo una puesta al día del conocimiento Atlántico ibérico ha sido estudiada desde hace más de 150 que se tiene de este grupo en aguas atlántico-ibéricas, con años y aparece recopilada en diversos catálogos según se el objeto de reunir y sintetizar la información disponible y indica en la visión retrospectiva de Bárbara & al. (2012). Con detectar puntos débiles en taxonomía, distribución, datos respecto al orden Corallinales sensu lato, se conocen datos del hábitat y ecológicos, etc, en particular sobre aquellos florísticos desde hace más de 100 años, cuyos primeros reg- géneros escasamente citados en el Atlántico ibérico con istros se deben a Sauvageau (1897), Hamel (1928), Miranda respecto a regiones adyacentes. Una vez recopilada esta (1931, 1932, 1934, 1943) y Bescansa (1948). A partir de 1950 información, se estará en plena disposición de planificar y y hasta la actualidad se han ampliado los datos corológicos optimizar futuros estudios, con el fin de ampliar el cono- con los trabajos de Seoane Camba (1957), Fischer-Piette & cimiento actual y desarrollar una flora precisa para este Seoane Camba (1962, 1963), Donze (1968), Seoane-Camba grupo con gran representación en nuestras costas. & Campo-Sancho (1968), Niell (1970), Pérez-Cirera (1975, 1985), Gili & al. (1982), Polo & al. (1982), López-Rodríguez MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS & al. (1991), Granja & al. (1992), Gallardo & Margalet (1992), Bárbara & al. (1995, 2002-2005a, 2006a, b, 2008, 2012, 2014), Se han revisado más de 250 trabajos referentes al orden Bárbara & Cremades (1996), Conde & al. (1996), Otero- Corallinales sensu lato del Atlántico ibérico y territorios Schmitt & Pérez-Cirera (1996, 2002), Fernández-Montero adyacentes (Islas Británicas-Atlántico francés, Macaronesia & al. (1997), Menoyo & al. (1998), Veiga & al. (1998a, b), y Mediterráneo ibérico incluyendo las Islas Baleares). Cremades & al. (2002), Martínez-Gil & al. (2007), Cires & Paralelamente, también se ha recopilado información no Cuesta (2010). La mayoría de estos trabajos son de ámbito publicada recogida en datos de herbario y manuscritos. florístico y se limitan a ampliar el área de distribución de las La revisión de toda esta información nos permitirá com- especies más comunes (Corallina officinalis, Ellisolandia elon- parar datos y obtener una visión de conjunto de este grupo gata, Jania longifurca, J. rubens, J. squamata, Lithophyllum bys- taxonómico. Entre las obras más antiguas se encuentran Ellis soides, L. incrustans, Melobesia membranacea, Mesophyllum & Solander (1786), Lázaro (1889), Heydrich (1897), Foslie lichenoides y Titanoderma pustulatum). Otros trabajos, sin (1900, 1905), Miranda (1931), Schmidt (1931)
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