Semantic Web Technologies and Legal Scholarly Publishing Law, Governance and Technology Series
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Semantic Web Technologies and Legal Scholarly Publishing Law, Governance and Technology Series VOLUME 15 Series Editors: POMPEU CASANOVAS, Institute of Law and Technology, UAB, Spain GIOVANNI SARTOR, University of Bologna (Faculty of Law – CIRSFID) and European, University Institute of Florence, Italy Scientific Advisory Board: GIANMARIA AJANI, University of Turin, Italy; KEVIN ASHLEY, University of Pittsburgh, USA; KATIE ATKINSON, University of Liverpool, UK; TREVOR J.M. BENCH-CAPON, University of Liv- erpool, UK; V. RICHARDS BENJAMINS, Telefonica, Spain; GUIDO BOELLA, Universita’degli Studi di Torino, Italy; JOOST BREUKER, Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Netherlands; DANIÈLE BOUR- CIER, University of Paris 2-CERSA, France; TOM BRUCE, Cornell University, USA; NURIA CASEL- LAS, Institute of Law and Technology, UAB, Spain; CRISTIANO CASTELFRANCHI, ISTC-CNR, Italy; JACK G. CONRAD, Thomson Reuters, USA; ROSARIA CONTE, ISTC-CNR, Italy; FRAN- CESCO CONTINI, IRSIG-CNR, Italy; JESÚS CONTRERAS, iSOCO, Spain; JOHN DAVIES, British Telecommunications plc, UK; JOHN DOMINGUE, The Open University, UK; JAIME DELGADO, Uni- versitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Spain; MARCO FABRI, IRSIG-CNR, Italy; DIETER FENSEL, Uni- versity of Innsbruck, Austria; ENRICO FRANCESCONI, ITTIG-CNR, Italy; FERNANDO GALINDO, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; ALDO GANGEMI, ISTC-CNR, Italy; MICHAEL GENESERETH, Stanford University, USA; ASUNCIÓN GÓMEZ-PÉREZ, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain; THOMAS F. GORDON, Fraunhofer FOKUS, Germany; GUIDO GOVERNATORI, NICTA, Australia; GRAHAM GREENLEAF, The University of New South Wales, Australia; MARKO GROBELNIK, Josef Stefan Institute, Slovenia; SERGE GUTWIRTH, Vrije Universiteit Brussels; JAMES HENDLER, Rens- selaer Polytechnic Institute, USA; RINKE HOEKSTRA, Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ETHAN KATSH, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA; MARC LAURITSEN, Capstone Practice Systems, Inc., USA; RONALD LEENES, Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society, Tilburg University, The Netherlands; PHILIP LIETH, Queen’s University Belfast, UK; ARNO LODDER, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands; JOSÉ MANUEL LÓPEZ COBO, Playence, Austria; PIERRE MAZZEGA, LMTG-UMR5563 CNRS/IRD/UPS, France; MARIE-FRANCINE MOENS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; PABLO NORIEGA, IIIA-CSIC, Spain; ANJA OSKAMP, Open Univer- siteit, The Netherlands; SASCHA OSSOWSKI, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain; UGO PAGALLO, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy; MONICA PALMIRANI, Università di Bologna, Italy; ABDUL PALIWALA, University of Warwick, UK; ENRIC PLAZA, IIIA-CSIC, Spain; MARTA POBLET, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; DANIEL POULIN, Lexum informatique juridique Inc., Canada; HENRY PRAKKEN, Universiteit Utrecht and The University of Groningen, The Netherlands; HAIBIN QI, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, P.R. China; DORY REILING, Amsterdam District Court, The Netherlands; PIER CARLO ROSSI, Italy; EDWINA L. RISSLAND, University of Mas- sachusetts, Amherst, USA; COLIN RULE, University of Massachusetts, USA; MARCO SCHORLEM- MER, IIIA-CSIC, Spain; CARLES SIERRA, IIIA-CSIC, Spain; MIGEL ANGEL SICILIA, Universidad de Alcalá, Spain; RONALD W. STAUDT, Chicago-Kent College of Law, USA; RUDI STUDER, Karl- sruhe Institute of Technology, Germany; DANIELA TISCORNIA, ITTIG-CNR, Italy; JOAN-JOSEP VALLBÈ, Universitat de Barcelon, Spain; TOM VAN ENGERS, Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Neth- erlands; FABIO VITALI, Università di Bologna, Italy; MARY-ANNE WILLIAMS, The University of Technology, Sydney, Australia; RADBOUD WINKELS, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ADAM WYNER, University of Liverpool, UK; HAJIME YOSHINO, Meiji Gakuin University, Japan; JOHN ZELEZNIKOW, University of Victoria, Australia For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8808 Silvio Peroni Semantic Web Technologies and Legal Scholarly Publishing 2123 Silvio Peroni Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Bologna Mura Anteo Zamboni 7 40126 Bologna (BO) Italy ISSN 2352-1902 ISSN 2352-1910 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-319-04776-8 ISBN 978-3-319-04777-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-04777-5 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014934451 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword What you are holding in your hand is a multi-faceted book. From where I stand, there are at least three different points of view that can be taken to read it and enjoy its ideas and conceptual framework. First of all, this is a book proposing innovative ideas about Legal Publishing.As such, positioning it within the Law, Governance and Technology Series of Springer Verlag is proper and true to its nature and aims: Peroni’s work contributes new concepts and solutions for managing legal texts (doctrine as well as legislation and jurisprudence), placing them as the core cultural infrastructure upon which the uni- verse of legal activities is based, whose workflow (from ideation to drafting, to evaluation, to publication, to evolution, to oblivion or removal) is instrumental to the correct understanding of legal processes, and whose semantic representation is a compelling and exemplary application of Semantic Web technologies that provides solid bases for innovative tools helping professionals and laymen in cataloguing, searching, and reasoning upon legal knowledge. And yet, a second main viewpoint emerges, that of Semantic Publishing, consti- tuting an explicit, confessed, and transparent focus drift, whereby legal publishing is held as but one instance of many in the larger class of publishing contexts, where similarities are more important than differences, so that they can be studied and described as one discipline. In this sense, document publishing can be seen as the main theme of the book, and the legal domain as just the frontmost example. Several topics of great timeliness and complexity are tackled and relevant contributions are provided under one encom- passing paradigm giving them integrity and uniformity: from the issue of managing multiple, reciprocally inconsistent structures over the same content (a well-known problem in the markup community since the early days of TEI) to the problem of the accurate description of the domain of scholarly publishing, to the issue of providing informative and easily understandable presentation of metadata records of publica- tions to a lay audience, we are shown a full catalogue of tough problems whose solutions in literature are, at present, hardly satisfactory. Yet Peroni not only tackles them providing more advanced proposals and ideas than in literature, but does so by introducing to its full power just one new approach, that of Semantic Web tech- nologies, showing how powerful and elegant they are in addressing complex issues. v vi Foreword Namely, multiple hierarchies are in fact managed through overlapping markup as suggested long ago in literature, but through the use of Semantic Web ontologies Peroni gives life to a fully new meta-markup language, EARMARK, that success- fully and automatically replaces XML without loosing the generality and availability of its tools. Similarly, metadata for scholarly publishing are in fact managed through ontologies, as suggested in innumerable publications of the last twenty years, but Peroni suggests a unifying framework of eight different ontologies, SPAR, integrat- ing in the same conceptualization issues as different as the FRBR-based description of the relationships between versions of the same work, the finest distinction of roles and stages in scholarly publishing, the rhetorical roles of sections and fragments in scholarly articles. Also and consequently, the familiarity of Peroni to Semantic