Bacteriophages As Potential Tools for Use in Antimicrobial Therapy and Vaccine Development
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Phages and Human Health: More Than Idle Hitchhikers
viruses Review Phages and Human Health: More Than Idle Hitchhikers Dylan Lawrence 1,2 , Megan T. Baldridge 1,2,* and Scott A. Handley 2,3,* 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA 2 Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA 3 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.T.B.); [email protected] (S.A.H.) Received: 2 May 2019; Accepted: 25 June 2019; Published: 27 June 2019 Abstract: Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that infect bacteria and archaea. Phages have diverse morphologies and can be coded in DNA or RNA and as single or double strands with a large range of genome sizes. With the increasing use of metagenomic sequencing approaches to analyze complex samples, many studies generate massive amounts of “viral dark matter”, or sequences of viral origin unable to be classified either functionally or taxonomically. Metagenomic analysis of phages is still in its infancy, and uncovering novel phages continues to be a challenge. Work over the past two decades has begun to uncover key roles for phages in different environments, including the human gut. Recent studies in humans have identified expanded phage populations in both healthy infants and in inflammatory bowel disease patients, suggesting distinct phage activity during development and in specific disease states. In this review, we examine our current knowledge of phage biology and discuss recent efforts to improve the analysis and discovery of novel phages. -
Therapeutic Efficacy of Bacteriophages Ramasamy Palaniappan and Govindan Dayanithi
Chapter Therapeutic Efficacy of Bacteriophages Ramasamy Palaniappan and Govindan Dayanithi Abstract Bacteriophages are bacterial cell-borne viruses that act as natural bacteria killers and they have been identified as therapeutic antibacterial agents. Bacteriophage therapy is a bacterial disease medication that is given to humans after a diagnosis of the disease to prevent and manage a number of bacterial infections. The ability of phage to invade and destroy their target bacterial host cells determines the efficacy of bacteriophage therapy. Bacteriophage therapy, which can be specific or nonspecific and can include a single phage or a cocktail of phages, is a safe treat- ment choice for antibiotic-resistant and recurrent bacterial infections after antibi- otics have failed. A therapy is a cure for health problems, which is administered after the diagnosis of the diseases in the patient. Such non-antibiotic treatment approaches for drug-resistant bacteria are thought to be a promising new alterna- tive to antibiotic therapy and vaccination. The occurrence, biology, morphology, infectivity, lysogenic and lytic behaviours, efficacy, and mechanisms of bacterio- phages’ therapeutic potentials for control and treatment of multidrug-resistant/ sensitive bacterial infections are discussed. Isolation, long-term storage and recov- ery of lytic bacteriophages, bioassays, in vivo and in vitro experiments, and bacteri- ophage therapy validation are all identified. Holins, endolysins, ectolysins, and bacteriocins are bacteriophage antibacterial enzymes that are specific. Endolysins cause the target bacterium to lyse instantly, and hence their therapeutic potential has been explored in “Endolysin therapy.” Endolysins have a high degree of bio- chemical variability, with certain lysins having a wider bactericidal function than antibiotics, while their bactericidal activities are far narrower. -
Applications of Phage Therapy in Veterinary Medicine
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Epsilon Archive for Student Projects Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health Applications of Phage Therapy in Veterinary Medicine Sergey Gazeev Uppsala 2018 Veterinärprogrammet, examensarbete för kandidatexamen, 15 hp Delnummer i serien 2018:28 Applications of Phage Therapy in Veterinary Medicine Fagterapi och dess Tillämpning inom Veterinärmedicin Sergey Gazeev Handledare: Associate professor Lars Frykberg, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health Examinator: Maria Löfgren, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health Extent: 15 university credits Level and Depth: Basic level, G2E Course name: Independent course work in veterinary medicine Course code : EX0700 Programme/education: Veterinary programme Place of publication: Uppsala Year of publication: 2018 Serial name: Veterinärprogrammet, examensarbete för kandidatexamen Partial number in the series: 2018:28 Elektronic publication: https://stud.epsilon.slu.se Keywords: Phages, phage therapy, bacterial infections, aquaculture Nyckelord: Fager, fagterapi, bakteriella infektioner, akvakultur Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….0 Sammanfattning………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1 -
Phage Display and Its Application in Vaccine Design
Ann Microbiol (2010) 60:13–19 DOI 10.1007/s13213-009-0014-7 REVIEW ARTICLE Phage display and its application in vaccine design Jianming Gao & Yanlin Wang & Zhaoqi Liu & Zhiqiang Wang Received: 8 October 2009 /Accepted: 17 December 2009 /Published online: 22 January 2010 # Springer-Verlag and the University of Milan 2010 Abstract This review focuses on phage display and its Introduction application in vaccine design. Four kinds of phage display systems and their characteristics are highlighted. Whole Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses of bacteria consisting phage particles can be used to deliver vaccines by fusing of a DNA or RNA genome contained within a protein coat. immunogenic peptides to modified coat proteins (phage- Their growth and proliferation require a suitable prokary- display vaccination), or by incorporating a eukaryotic otic host. They either incorporate viral DNA into the host promoter-driven vaccine gene within the phage genome genome, replicating as part of the host (lysogenic), or (phage DNA vaccination). Hybrid phage vaccination results propagate inside the host cell before releasing phage from a combination of phage-display and phage DNA particles either by extruding from the membrane (as with vaccination strategies, indicating the potential for evolution filamentous phages) or by lysing the cell (lytic phages; of phage vaccines. Phage vaccines could provide a key to Clark and March 2006; Petty et al. 2007). Phages do not unlock new approaches in combating bacterial and viral replicate in eukaryotic hosts and act as inert particulate pathogens, and cancer diseases. New phage display systems antigens metabolically. Being particulate antigens, bacter- will certainly emerge because of the global abundance of iophages are processed by antigen-presenting cells (APC), phage and our increasing ability to exploit them. -
Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Treated with Phage Therapy After Multiple Failed Antibiotic Treatments
CASE REPORT published: 10 June 2021 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.692614 Case Report: Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Treated With Phage Therapy After Multiple Failed Antibiotic Treatments Apurva Virmani Johri 1*, Pranav Johri 1, Naomi Hoyle 2, Levan Pipia 2, Lia Nadareishvili 2 and Dea Nizharadze 2 1Vitalis Phage Therapy, New Delhi, India, 2Eliava Phage Therapy Center, Tbilisi, Georgia Background: Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis (CBP) is an inflammatory condition caused by a persistent bacterial infection of the prostate gland and its surrounding areas in the male pelvic region. It is most common in men under 50 years of age. It is a long-lasting and Edited by: ’ Mayank Gangwar, debilitating condition that severely deteriorates the patient s quality of life. Anatomical Banaras Hindu University, India limitations and antimicrobial resistance limit the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment of Reviewed by: CBP. Bacteriophage therapy is proposed as a promising alternative treatment of CBP and Gianpaolo Perletti, related infections. Bacteriophage therapy is the use of lytic bacterial viruses to treat University of Insubria, Italy Sandeep Kaur, bacterial infections. Many cases of CBP are complicated by infections caused by both Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for nosocomial and community acquired multidrug resistant bacteria. Frequently encountered Women Chandigarh, India Tamta Tkhilaishvili, strains include Vancomycin resistant Enterococci, Extended Spectrum Beta Lactam German Heart Center Berlin, Germany resistant Escherichia coli, other gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus and Pooria Gill, Streptococcus, Enterobacteriaceae such as Klebsiella and Proteus, and Pseudomonas Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran aeruginosa, among others. *Correspondence: Case Presentation: We present a patient with the typical manifestations of CBP. -
BACTERIOPHAGE THERAPY Old Treatment, New Focus?
The magazine of the Society for Applied Microbiology ■ June 2009 ■ Vol 10 No 2 ISSN 1479-2699 BACTERIOPHAGE THERAPY old treatment, new focus? ■ Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial enteric pathogens ■ Mediawatch: university press office ■ Summer conference 2009 ■ Engaging the public in infectious disease ■ Charles Darwin and microbes ■ Art, cybernetics and normal flora microbiology ■ An unwanted guest for dinner ■ Careers: sales manager ■ ■ INSIDE Statnote 16: using a regression line for prediction and calibration PECS: virtual networking excellence in microbiology Cultured bacteria will not be seen dead in it. Buy your next workstation from us. Designers and manufacturers of anaerobic and microaerobic workstations since 1980 / patented dual-function portholes for user access and sample transfer / automatic atmospheric conditioning system requiring no user maintenance / available in a range of sizes and capacities to suit the needs of every laboratory / optional single plate entry system Technical sales: +44 (0)1274 595728 www.dwscientific.co.uk June 2009 ■ Vol 10 No 2 ■ ISSN 1479-2699 contentsthe magazine of the Society for Applied Microbiology members 04 Editorial: the effective communication of science 05 Contact point: full contact information for the Society 06 Benefits: what SfAM can do for you and how to join us 07 President’s and CEO’s columns 09 Membership Matters 38 Careers: sales manager 40 An unwanted guest for dinner 42 In the loop: news from PECS — virtual networking 20 43 Research Development Grant report 45 Students into Work grant reports 49 President’s Fund articles news 12 MediaWatch: the university press office 14 Med-Vet-Net: workpackage 34 28 32 publications The beauty of bacteria Charles Darwin and microbes 11 JournalWatch features information Microbiologist is published quarterly by the Society for Bacteriophage therapy: old treatment, new focus Applied Microbiology. -
UC Davis Norma J
UC Davis Norma J. Lang Prize for Undergraduate Information Research Title The Secret Life of Bacteriophages: How Did They Originate? Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0mv3j0wg Author Hand, Katherine Publication Date 2021-05-28 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Hand 1 Katherine Hand March 12, 2021 Dr. Bradley Sekedat UWP 101 The Secret Life of Bacteriophages: How Did They Originate? One of life’s greatest mysteries, the origin of viruses, remains unsolved. To crack the case, scientists proposed three major hypotheses. How the origins of viruses continue to remain undiscovered despite the hypotheses put forward calls for further investigation into the topic. Discovered in the early twentieth century by Frederick Twort and Felix d’Herelle ( Drulis-Kawa et al., 2015 ), bacteriophages are considered the most successful entities (Moelling, 2012) and they help build the genomes of all species. What began as a narrow belief that viruses only prefer to genetically exchange with hosts of their superkingdom (Archaea, Bacteria, or Eukarya), studies on bacteriophages prove this untrue. The secret life of bacteriophages is seemingly more peculiar in the human gut as they coevolve with bacteria and interact with our immune system. Their distinctive interactions with white blood cells (WBC) and their hosts demonstrate a connection with their protein fold and structural make-up. This leaves us with an interesting question: where did the phages originate from? Assessing how bacteriophages can be antimorphic mutations 1 of early bacterial defense mechanisms where an accumulation of proteins that should not have bound together, bound together over time and self-infected a bacterial cell from within might be our answer. -
Targeting the Burkholderia Cepacia Complex
viruses Review Advances in Phage Therapy: Targeting the Burkholderia cepacia Complex Philip Lauman and Jonathan J. Dennis * Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-780-492-2529 Abstract: The increasing prevalence and worldwide distribution of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens is an imminent danger to public health and threatens virtually all aspects of modern medicine. Particularly concerning, yet insufficiently addressed, are the members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), a group of at least twenty opportunistic, hospital-transmitted, and notoriously drug-resistant species, which infect and cause morbidity in patients who are immunocompromised and those afflicted with chronic illnesses, including cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). One potential solution to the antimicrobial resistance crisis is phage therapy—the use of phages for the treatment of bacterial infections. Although phage therapy has a long and somewhat checkered history, an impressive volume of modern research has been amassed in the past decades to show that when applied through specific, scientifically supported treatment strategies, phage therapy is highly efficacious and is a promising avenue against drug-resistant and difficult-to-treat pathogens, such as the Bcc. In this review, we discuss the clinical significance of the Bcc, the advantages of phage therapy, and the theoretical and clinical advancements made in phage therapy in general over the past decades, and apply these concepts specifically to the nascent, but growing and rapidly developing, field of Bcc phage therapy. Keywords: Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc); bacteria; pathogenesis; antibiotic resistance; bacterio- phages; phages; phage therapy; phage therapy treatment strategies; Bcc phage therapy Citation: Lauman, P.; Dennis, J.J. -
Arxiv:1911.07233V1 [Q-Bio.PE] 17 Nov 2019
Temperate and chronic virus competition leads to low lysogen frequency Sara M. Clifton∗ Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA Rachel J. Whitaker Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA Zoi Rapti Department of Mathematics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA Abstract The canonical bacteriophage is obligately lytic: the virus infects a bacterium and hijacks cell functions to produce large numbers of new viruses which burst from the cell. These viruses are well-studied, but there exist a wide range of coexisting virus lifestyles that are less understood. Temperate viruses exhibit both a lytic cycle and a latent (lysogenic) cycle, in which viral genomes are integrated into the bacterial host. Meanwhile, chronic (persistent) viruses use cell functions to produce more viruses without killing the cell; chronic viruses may also exhibit a latent stage in addition to the productive stage. Here, we study the ecology of these competing viral strategies. We demonstrate the conditions under which each strategy is dominant, which aids in control of human bacterial infections using viruses. We find that low lysogen frequencies provide competitive advantages for both virus types; however, chronic viruses maximize steady state density by elimi- nating lysogeny entirely, while temperate viruses exhibit a non-zero `sweet spot' lysogen frequency. Viral steady state density maximization leads to coexistence of temperate and chronic viruses, explaining the presence of multiple viral strategies in natural environments. -
Volume 5, Number 2 · Spring 2010
VOLUME 5, NUMBER 2 · SPRING 2010 DISTINCTIONS Journal of the Kingsborough Community College Honors Program Volume 5, Number 2 Spring 2010 Kingsborough Community College The City University of New York EDITOR’S COLUMN Une raison d’être his semester, I have felt energized by the buzzing student enthusiasm about social issues and the T interlocking geopolitical relationships that give such issues all their nefarious subtleties. I‘m talking here about food politics, human trafficking, the U.S. role in globalization, and a host of other challenges. I have been much impressed, particularly within the Honors program, but also in other corners of the College and University, how many student-driven initiatives are going on. This Spring-2010 issue of Distinctions reflects these collective concerns, as well as more personal attempts at exploration – some political, some not. These pieces explore various aspects of our present condition through multiple means, from Micaela Santana‘s photographic meditation on air travel to Dorothy Franco‘s discussion of operatic technique, from Cheryl Bond‘s queries about Afghan art history to Julianne Miller‘s interrogation of Fannie Mae. (I know, we need to get more men to do such good work!) In reading these essays, as well as the other 40 or so submissions, I remember that being able to write such pieces requires both a commitment to taking the time to read, observe, and reflect, as well as the luxury of doing so. And I use the term ―luxury‖ because, for many students at Kingsborough, such intellectual work is not necessarily a given. I routinely hear stories of domestic violence, economic hardship, medical problems, and emotional trauma from my students. -
Learning from Mistakes: the Role of Phages in Pandemics
PERSPECTIVE published: 17 March 2021 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.653107 Learning From Mistakes: The Role of Phages in Pandemics Ahlam Alsaadi 1, Beatriz Beamud 2,3, Maheswaran Easwaran 4, Fatma Abdelrahman 5, Ayman El-Shibiny 5, Majed F. Alghoribi 6,7* and Pilar Domingo-Calap 2,8* 1 Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark, 2 Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, I2SysBio, Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna, Spain, 3 FISABIO-Salud Pública, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain, 4 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Rajapalayam, India, 5 Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Biomedical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt, 6 Infectious Diseases Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 7 King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 8 Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Paterna, Spain Edited by: Ana Rita Costa, The misuse of antibiotics is leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, Delft University of Technology, and in the absence of available treatments, this has become a major global threat. In the Netherlands middle of the recent severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, Reviewed by: which has challenged the whole world, the emergence of MDR bacteria is increasing due Eleanor Jameson, University of Warwick, to prophylactic administration of antibiotics to intensive care unit patients to prevent United Kingdom secondary bacterial infections. This is just an example underscoring the need to seek Jean-Paul Pirnay, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, alternative treatments against MDR bacteria. To this end, phage therapy has been Belgium proposed as a promising tool. -
Phage Therapy: a Magic Pill in the Fight Against Different COVID-19 Variants
International Journal of Clinical & Medical Informatics ISSN: 2582-2268 Blog | Vol 4 Iss 2 Phage Therapy: A Magic Pill in the Fight against Different COVID-19 Variants Anza Abbas1 and Yasir Hameed2* 1Department of Industrial Biotechnology, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan 2Department of Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Correspondence should be addressed to Yasir Hameed, [email protected] BLOG The coronavirus pandemic has caused the death of Recent studies have shown that phages (Viruses that more than 3,293,120 people, as reported by 10th May infect bacteria) possess antibacterial as well as 2021 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Due antiviral potential. This has ignited the use of phage to the emergence of different COVID-19 variants, therapy to treat multi-drug resistant bacteria and viral there is a dire need of effective treatments to combat infections. Phages act by inhibiting the adsorption of this pandemic. COVID-19 patients become virus to human epithelial cells and protect the susceptible to secondary infections such as caused by eukaryotic cells from virus induced apoptosis. bacteria. Around 70% of hospitalized COVID-19 Phages also regulate the expression of protective patients worldwide receive antibiotics as part of their cellular chaperones and inhibit viral replication treatment. Extensive use of antibiotics results in the inside the cells. Alongside, phages can downregulate emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Use of the production of NF kappa B transcription factor drugs may also cause significant side effects and reactive oxygen species associated with the limiting their clinical efficacy in the COVID-19 inflammatory reactions.