Pacific Science (1988), vol. 42, nos. 1-2 © 1988 by the University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved

Introduction and Bibliography

Hampton Carson first came to Hawaii in LITERATURE CITED June 1963 at the urging of Elmo Hardy and Wilson Stone. That year saw the first major CARSON, H. L. 1980. Hypotheses that blur gathering in Honolulu of scientists from and grow. Pages 383-384 in E. Mayr and many specialties in the interdisciplinary and W. B. Provine, eds. The evolutionary syn­ cooperative pattern that has proved so pro­ thesis: Perspectives on the unification of ductive in the study of Hawaiian Drosophila biology. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, on "the Project" (Spieth 1980). Carson came Mass . with Harrison Stalker from Washington SPIETH, H. T. 1980. Hawaiian Drosophila University in St. Louis. Together (following Project. Proc., Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. Dobzhansky), they had developed a power­ 23(2) :275-291. ful method of population studies based on detailed examination of the distribution of inversions in the polytene chromosomes of Bibliography ofHampton Lawrence Carson Drosophila robusta and other species of the 1934-1986 mesic forests of the central and eastern United States. 1. CARSON, H. L. 1934. Labrador quarry. Carson's cytological approach can be traced General Mag. 37(1) :97-104. to the influence of McClung, and especially 2. CARSON, H. L. 1935. Use of medicinal of Metz, during his graduate studies at the herbs among the Labrador Eskimo. University of Pennsylvania in the late 1930s General Mag. 37(4):436-439. and early 1940s (Carson 1980). These studies 3. CARSON, H . L. 1940. Red crossbill in combined with his interests in natural North Carolina in summer. Auk 57: history to produce a wide-ranging, synthetic 421. approach to the study of biology, which is re­ 4. CARSON, H . L. 1941. Linkage, interfer­ flected in the considerable diversity of topics ence and semilethals in the white group in the 237 published papers listed below. of Habrobracon. Amer. Nat. 75 :608­ In the breadth of his curiosity and the 614. flexibility of his intellect, Carson himself 5. CARSON, H. L. 1943. Cytological analy­ represents almost an apotheosis ofthe pattern sis of natural populations of Sciara im­ that studies of Hawaiian Drosophila have fol­ patiens. Genetics 28: 71-72 (abstract). lowed . These studies have included essential 6. CARSON, H. L. 1944. An analysis ofnat­ contributions from systematics and tax­ ural chromosome variability in Sciara onomy, ecology, physiology, botany, geology, impatiens Jo hannsen. J. Morph. 75(1): cyto logy, genetics, behavior, and biochemis­ I I- 59. try . Carson has made major contributions in 7. CARSON, H. L. 1945a. A comparative each of these areas either by his own work study of the apical cell of the insect or by bringing to light the relevant work of testis . J. Morph. 77(2): 141-161. others. He has moved from one of these areas 8. CARSON, H . L. 1945b. Delayed fertiliza­ to another as the need for new approaches tion in a captive indigo snake, with arose, and generously encouraged the par­ notes on feeding and shedding. Copeia ticipation of colleagues with new and appro­ 1945(4): 222-225. priate skills, a few of whom are represented 9. CARSON, H. L. 1946a. The selective elim­ in the papers that follow . Future research in ination ofinversion dicentric chromatids evolutionary biology would do well to con­ during meiosis in the eggs of Sciara tinue with such flexible and open approaches. impatiens. Genetics 31:95- 113. 2 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 42, January/Jul y 1988

10. CARSON, H . L., and H. D. STALKER. wild species of Drosophila in the eastern 1946b. Chromosome studies on Dro­ United States. Ecology 32:317-330. sophila robusta. Genetics 31(2) :213 23. CARSON, H. L. 1951b. Breeding sites of (abstract). Drosophila pseudoobscura and Droso­ II. STALKER, H . D. , and H. L. CARSON . phila persimilis in the transition zone of I 946c. Geographical ' variation in the the Sierra Nevada. Evolution 5:91-96. morphology of Drosophila robusta. 24. CARSON, H. L. 1951c. Interfertile sym­ Genetics 31(2): 231 (abstract). patric sibling species within D. bocain­ 12. CARSON, H. L., and H. D . STALKER. ensis Pavan and da Cunha 1947. Dros. 1947a. A seasonal study ofgene arrange­ Inf. Servo25: 103-104. ment frequencies and morphology in 25. CARSON, H. L., and W. C. BLIGHT. Drosophila robusta. Genetics 32(1): 81 1952a. Sex chromosome polymorphism (abstract). in a population of Drosophila ameri­ 13. CARSON, H . L., and H. D . STALKER. cana. Genetics 37: 572 (abstract). 1947b. Gene arrangements in natural 26. CARSON, H . L. 1952b. Contrasting populations of Drosophila robusta types of population structure in Droso­ Sturtevant. Evolution 1(3) : 113-133. phila . Amer. Nat. 86:239-248. 14. STALKER, H . D ., and H . L. CARSON. 27. Carson, H. L. 1952c. A new case of 1947c. Morphological variation in nat­ cryptic species in Drosophila. Science ural populations of Drosophila robusta 116:518 (abstract). Sturtevant. Evolution 1(4):237-248. 28. CARSON, H . L. 1953a. The effects of in­ 15. CARSON, H . L., and H. D. STALKER. versions on crossing over in Drosophila 1948a. Reproductive diapause in Dro­ robusta . Genetics 38: 168-186. sophila robusta. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 29. CARSON, H . L. 1953b. Evolution in the 34 : 124-129. genus Drosophila . J. T. Patterson and 16. CARSON, H . L., and H. D. STALKER. W. S. Stone, 1952. (Review) Amer. Nat. 1948b. An altitudinal transect of gene 87:271 -272. arrangement frequencies in 'Drosophila 30. LEVITAN, M. , H. L. CARSON, and H . D. robusta. Genetics 33: 100 (abstract). STALKER. 1954a. Triads of overlapping 17. STALKER, H . D. , and H . L. CARSON. inversions in Drosophila robusta. Amer. 1948c. Seasonal changes in gene ar­ Nat. 88: 113-114. rangement frequencies and morphology 31. CARSON, H. L. 1954b. Interfertile sib­ of Drosophila robusta . Genetics 33 : ling species in the willistoni group of 629-630 (abstract). Drosophila. Evolution 8: 148-165. 18. STALKER, H . D ., and H . L. CARSON. 32. CARSON, H . L. 1954c. Hybridization 1948d. An altitudinal transect of Droso­ experiments with two sympatric sibling phila robusta Sturtevant. Evolution 2: species of the willistoni group of Dro­ 295-305. sophila . Caryologia 6(suppI.): 653 19. STALKER, H. D ., and H . L. CARSON. (abstract). I 949a. Seasonal variation in the mor­ 33. CARSON, H . L. 1955a. Variation in ge­ phology of Drosophila robusta Sturt­ netic recombination in natural popula­ evant. Evolution 3: 330-343. tions. J. Cell. CompoPhysioI. 45(suppI. 20. CARSON, H. L., and H . D . STALKER . 2):221 -236. I 949b. Seasonal variation in gene ar­ 34. CARSON, H. L. 1955b. The genetic char­ rangement frequencies over a three­ acteristics of marginal populations of year period in Drosophila robusta Sturt­ Drosophila. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. evant. Evolution 3: 322-329. Quant. BioI. 20: 276-287. 21. CARSON, H. L., and H . D . STALKER. 35. DORSEY, C. K., and H . L. CARSON. 1950. Natural breeding sites for Droso­ 1956a. Selective response ofwild Droso­ phila robusta. Genetics 35: 100 (abstract). philidae to natural and artificial attra­ 22. CARSON, H. L., and H. D . STALKER. hents. Ann . Entomol. Soc. Amer. 49 : 1951a. Natural breeding sites for some 177-181. Introduction and Bibliograph y 3

36. CARSON, H. L. 1956b. Marginal homo­ of recombination in Drosophila. Cold zygosity for gene arrangement in Droso­ Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. BioI. 23: phila robusta. Science 123: 630-631. 291-306. 37. CARSON, H. L., E. P. KNAPP, and H. J. 49. CARSON, H. L. 1958d. Increase in fitness PHAFF. 1956c. Studies on the ecology of in experimental populations resulting Drosophila in the Yosemite region of from heterosis. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. California. III. The yeast flora of the 44 : 1136-1141. natural breeding sites of some species 50. SUSMAN, M., and H. L. CARSON. 1958e. ofDrosophila. Ecology 37(3): 538-544. Development ofbalanced polymorphism 38. DOBZHANSKY, T., D. M. COOPER , H. J. in laboratory populations of Drosophi­ PHAFF, E. P. K NAPP, and H . L. CARSON. la melanogaster. Amer. Nat. 92 :359­ 1956d. Studies on the ecology of Droso­ 364. phila in the Yosemite region of Cali­ 51. CARSON, H. L. 19581 A study ofexperi­ fornia. IV. Differential attraction of mental populations of Drosophila. Proc . species of Drosophila to different species Entomol. Soc. Amer. No. Cent. Br. 13: ofyeasts . Ecology 37(3) :544-550. 22. 39. CARSON, H. L. 1956e. Response of Dro­ 52. MURDY, W. H ., and H . L. CARSON. sophila robusta to selection for motility. 1959a. Parthenogenesis in Drosophila Genetics 41: 636-637 (abstract). mangebeirai. Amer. Nat. 93: 355-363. 40. CARSON, H. L. 19561 A female-pro­ 53. CARSON, H. L. 1959b. Effect of irradia­ ducing strain of D. borealis Patterson. tion on artificial populations under Dros. Inf. Servo 30: 109-110. strong natural selection. Rec. Genet. 41. CARSON, H. L., M. R. WHEELER, and Soc. Amer. 28: 63 (abstract). W. B. HEED. 1957a. A parthenogenetic 54. CARSON, H. L. 1959c. Genetic con­ strain of Drosophila mangabeirai ditions which promote or retard the Malogolowkin. Univ. Texas Pub. 5721 : formation of species. Cold Spring 115-122. Harbor Symp. Quant. BioI. 24: 87-105. 42. CARSON, H . L. 1957b. The species as a 55. CARSON, H. L. 1960. Survival of newly field for gene recombination. Pages induced chromosome aberrations in 23-38 in E. Mayr, ed. The species prob­ experimental populations of Drosophi­ lem. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Pub. 50: la melanogaster. Genetics 45: 980-98I 23-38. Washington, D .C. (abstract). 43. CARSON, H. L. 1957c. Parrot-watching. 56. CARSON, H. L. 1961a. Variation. Pages Bull. St. Louis Aud. Soc. 26 : 1-3. 1047-1049 in The encyclopedia of the 44. CARSON, H . L. 1957d. Production of biological sciences. Reinhold, New biomass as a measure of fitness of ex­ York. perimental populations of Drosophila. 57. CARSON, H. L. 1961b. Rare partheno­ Genetics 42: 363-364. genesis in Drosophila robusta. Amer. 45. WOLFSON, M., H. D. STALKER, and Nat. 95 :81-86. H. L. CARSON. I957e. A serious para­ 58. CARSON, H. L. 1961c. Relative fitness site of laboratory Drosophila. Dros. Inf. of genetically open and closed experi­ Servo 31: 170. mental populations of Drosophila ro­ 46. CARSON, H . L. 1958a. The population busta. Genetics 46: 553-567. genetics of Drosophila robusta . Adv. 59. CARSON, H . L. 1961d. Heterosis and fit­ Genetics 9: 1-40. ness in experimental populations of 47. CARSON, H. L. 1958b. Increases of Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution fitness in experimental populations 15:456-509. following introduction of one haploid 60. HEED, W. 8. , H . L. CARSON, and M. S. set of autosomes. Proc. 10th Internat. CARSON. 1961e. A list of flowers utilized Congr. Genetics. II. 44-45. by drosophilids in the Bogota region of 48. CARSON, H . L. 1958c. Response to Colombia. Dros. Inf. Servo34: 84-85. selection under different conditions 61. CARSON, H. L. 1962a. Fixed hetero- 4 PAC IFIC SCIENCE, Volume 42, January/J uly 1988

zygosity in a pa rthenogenetic species 74. CARSON, H. L. 1965c. Chromosomal of Drosophila. Univ. Texas Pub. 6205 : mo rphism in geographically widespread 55-62. species of Drosophila. Pages 503-531 62. CARSON, H. L. 1962b.Selection for par­ in The genetics of colonizing species. thenogenesis in Drosophila mercatorum. Academic Press, New York. Genetics 47:946. 75. CARSON, H. L. 1966. Chro mosomal 63. CARSON, H . L. 1963a. Silent spring, by races of Drosophila crucigera from the Rachel L. Carson , a review . Coi l. Univ. islands of Oahu an d Kauai, State of 38: 294-296. Hawaii. Univ. Texas Pub. 66 15: 405­ 64. CARSON, H . L. 1963b. T ran sitory in­ 412. crease in genetic loa d in irradiated 76. CARSON, H. L. 1967a. Inbreed ing and laboratory populations of Drosophila gene fixation in natural populat ion s. melanogast er. Proc. II th Internat. Pages 281-308 in R. Alexander Brink , Congr. Genetics. 1:74. ed. He ritage fro m Mendel. Univ. Wise. 65. STALKER, H . D ., and H . L. CARSON. Press, Madi son . 1963c. A very serious parasite of labo­ 77. CARSON, H. L. 1967b. Selection for par­ ratory Drosophila. 2nd Rep t. Dros. Inf. thenogenesis in Drosophila mercatorum. Servo38: 96. Genetics 55: 157-171 . 66. CARSON, H. L. 1963d. Heredity and 78. CARSON, H. L. 1967c. Perman ent hetero­ human life. Columbia Univ. Press, New zygosity. Pages 143-168 in T. Dobzhan­ York. sky, M. K. Hecht, and W . C. Steere, eds . 67. CARSON, H . L. 1963e. H umanism and Evolutionary biology. Vol. 1. Appleton­ the new biology. Wash. Univ. Mag. 34 : Century-Crofts, New York. 7-9. 79. CARSON, H. L., F.E. CLAYTON, and 68. CARSON, H. L. 1963/ Introduction to H. D . STALKER. 1967d. Karyotypic The origin of species, by Charles stability and speciation III Hawaiian Darwin. Washington Square Press, Drosophila. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U .S. ew Yo rk. Pp. xi-xviii. 57 : 1280-1285. 69. CARSON, H . L. 1964a. Population size 80. CARSON, H. L. 1967e. The association be­ and genetic load in irradiated popu­ tween Drosophila carcinophila Wheeler lations of Drosophila melanogaster. and its host, the land crab Gecarcinus Genetics 49: 521- 528. ruricola (L.) Amer. MidI. Nat. 78: 324­ 70. CARSON, H . L., and W. B. HEED. I 964b. 343. Structural homozygosity in marginal 81. CARSON, H. L. 1967/ Chromosomal populations of nearct ic and neotropical pol ymorphism in altitudina l races of species of Drosophila in Florida. Proc. Drosophila. Pr oc. Jap. Soc. Syst. Zool. Nat. Acad . Sci. U.S. 52 :427-430. 3 : 10- 16. 71. CARSON, H . L., M . J. D . WHITE, and 82. CARSON, H . L. I 967g. Genetics and J.CHENEY. 1964c. Chromosomal ra ces evolution of Hawaiian D rosophilidae: in the A ustralia n grass ho pper Moraba Preliminary repo rt of collection s mad e viatica in a zone of geogra phic ove rlap. III Kipahulu Valley, Maui. Scienti fic Evo lut ion 18 :41 7- 429. report of the Kipahulu Valley Expedi­ 72. CARSON, H . L. 1965a. Eugenics:Hered­ tion. Richard E. Warner, ed. Nat. Con­ itarian attitudes in American thought, serv.87-91. by Mark H. H aller. A review. Amer. J. 83. CARSON , H. L., an d M. R. WHEELER . Sociol. 70 :505. 1968a.Drosophila endobranchia, a new 73. CARSON, H . L., and M. WASSERMA . D rosophilid associated with land crabs 1965b. A widespread chromosomal in the West Indies. Ann. Entomol. Soc. po lymorphism in a widespread species, Amer. 61 :675 -678. Drosophila buzzatii. Amer. Nat. 99 : 84. CARSON, H . L. 1968b. Parallel inver­ 111- 115. sion polymorphisms in different species Introduction and Bibliography 5

of Hawaiian Drosophila. Proc. 12th Drosophilidae. Pages 437-543 in M. K. Internat. Congr. Genetics 1:321. Hecht and W. C. Steere, eds. Essays in 85. CARSON, H. L., and H. D. STALKER. evolution and genetics in honor of 1968c Polytene chromosome relation­ Theodosius Dobzhansky. Appleton­ ships in Hawaiian species of Droso­ Century-Crofts, New York. phila. I. The D . grimshawi subgroup. 96. CARSON, H. L. 1970b. Chromosome Univ. Texas Pub. 6818: 335-354. tracers of the origin of species. Science 86. CARSON, H. L., and H. D. STALKER. 168: 1414-1418. 1968d. Polytene chromosome relation­ 97. CARSON, H. L. 1970c. Chromosomal ships in Hawaiian species of Droso­ tracers of founder events. Biotropica phila. II. The D. planitibia subgroup. 2:3-6. Univ . Texas Pub. 6818:355-365. 98. CARSON, H. L. 1971a. Polytene chromo­ 87. CARSON, H. L., and H. D. STALKER . some relationships in Hawaiian species 1968e. Polytene chromosome relation­ of Drosophila. V. Additions to the ships in Hawaiian species of Drosophila. chromosomal phylogeny of the picture­ III. The D . adiastola and D . punalua winged species. Univ. Texas Pub. 7103: subgroups. Univ . Texas Pub. 6818: 183- 191. 367-380. 99. CARSON, H. L. 1971b. The ecology 88. CARSON, H. L. 1968f The population of Drosophila breeding sites. Univ. flush and its genetic consequences. Hawaii, Honolulu. Harold L. Lyon Pages 123-137 in R. C. Lewontin, ed. Arboretum Lecture No.2: 1- 27. Pop ulation biology and evolution. 100. CARSON, H. L. 1971c. Speciation and Syracuse Univ. Press, Syracuse, N .Y. the founder principle. Stadler Genetics 89. CARSON, H. L. 1969a. Parallel polymor­ Symp.3:51-70. phisms in different species of Hawaiian 101. CARSON, H. L., and S. H. SNYDER . Drosophila. Amer. Nat. 103:323-329. 1972a. Screening by parthenogenesis 90. CARSON, H. L., and J.E. SATO. 1969b. for induced 'mutations in Drosophila Microevolution within three species of mercatorum. Egypt. J. Gen . Cytol. 1: Hawaiian Drosophila. Evolution 23: 256-261. 493-501. 102. CARSON, H. L. 1972b. Evolutionary biol­ 91. CARSON, H. L. 1969c. Maintenance of ogy: Its value to society. Bioscience 22: lethal and detrimental genes in natural 349-352. populations. Introduction and syn­ 103. CARSON, H. L. 1972c. Ancient chromo­ thesis by the Chairman. Symp . 15, 12th somal polymorphism and its use in Internat. Congr. Genetics. Japan. J. phylogeny. Abstr. 14th Internat. Congr. Genetics 44, Suppl. 1: 225-227. Entomol. Canberra, Austral., p. 50. 92. CARSON, H. L., and H. D . STALKER . 104. CLAYTON, F. E., H. L. CARSON, and 1969d. Polytene chromosome relation­ J. E. SATO. 1972d. Polytene chromo­ ships in Hawaiian species of Droso­ some relationships in Hawaiian species phila. IV. The D . primaeva subgroup. of Drosophila. VI. Supplementary data Univ. Texas Pub. 6918: 85-94. on metaphases and gene sequences . 93. CARSON, H. L., I. Y. WEI, and J. A. Univ . Texas Pub. 7213:163-177. NIEDERKORN, JR. 196ge. Isogenicity in 105. CARSON, H. L. I972e. Microevolution. parthenogenetic strains of Drosophila A review of ecological genetics and mercatorum. Genetics 63:619-628. evolution. Essays in honour of E. B. 94. CARSON, H. L. 1969f Drosophilidae of Ford. Robert Creed, ed., Blackwell, Hawaii. Ann . Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: Oxford and Appleton-Century-Crofts, 417-418. New York, 1971. Science 178:855-856. 95. CARSON, H. L., D. E. HARDY, H. T. 106. CARSON, H. L. 1973a. Ancient chromo­ SPIETH, and W. S. STONE. 1970a. The somal polymorphism in Hawaiian Dro­ evolutionary biology of the Hawaiian sophila. Nature 241:200-202. 6 PACIFIC SCIE NC E, Volume 42, Janu ary/Jul y 1988

107. CARSON, H. L. 1973b. The genetic of Hawai ian Drosophila. Proc. Nat. system in parthenogenetic strains of Acad. Sci. U .S. 71 :901-903. Drosophila mercatorum. Proc. Nat. 117. CARSON, H. L. 1974c. Human gen etics. Acad. Sci. U .S. 70 : 1772-1774. Pages 996-1010 in Encyclopaedia Bri­ 108. YOON, J . S., and H . L. C ARSON. 1973c. tannica macropaedia. Vol. 7. Encyl. Codification of polytene chromosome Brit. Inc. , Helen Hemingway Benton, designations for Hawaiian Drosophil­ Pub!., Chicago . idae. Genetics 74: s303-s304. 11 8. CARSON, H. L. 1974d. Patterns of speci­ 109. CARSON, H . L., and M. R. WHEELER. ation in Hawaii an Drosophila inferred 1973d. A new crab fly from Christm as from ancient chromosomal polymor­ Island, Indian Ocean (D iptera: Droso­ phi sm. Pages 81- 93 in M . J. D. White, philidae). Pac. Insects 15: 199-208. ed. Genetic mechanisms of speciation 110. KANESHIRO, K . Y., H . L. CARSON, in insects. Australia and New Zealand F. E. CLAYTON, and W . B. HEED . 1973e. Book Co., Sydney. Niche separation in a pair of homo­ 119. CARSON, H. L. 1974e. Natural history sequential Drosophila species from the of islands. A review of island biology. island of Hawaii. Amer. Nat. 107: S. Carlquist and M . J . Cole. (Columbia 766-774. Univ. Press, New York, 1974). Science III. CARSON, H . L., D . E. HARDY, L. H. 186: 252-253. THROCKMORTON, M. W ASSERMAN, and 120. CARSON, H. L. 1974f Three flies and M . R . WHEELER. 1973[ Drosophila cari­ three islands: Parallel evolution in Dro­ nata Grimshaw, 1901 (Insecta, Dip­ sophila. Proc. N at. Acad. Sci. U.S. 71 : tera): Proposed suppression under the 3517-3521. plenary powers in order to preserve 121. CARSON, H . L., and W . W. M . STEINER . Drosophila mercatorum Patterson and 1974g. Genetic structure and variability Wheeler, 1942 Z. N. (S) 2035. Bull. in two species of endemic Hawaiian Zool. Nomencl. 30(2) : 112-117. Drosophila. U.S.jI.B.P. Island Ecosys­ 112. CARSON, H . L. 1973g. Reorganization tem s IRP. Techn. Rept. No. 50 :i v and of th e gene pool during speci ation. 66pp. Page s 274-280 in N ewton E. Morton, 122. CARSON, H. L. 1975a. The genetics of ed . Genetic structure of populations. speciation at the diploid level. Amer. Population genetics monographs. Vol. N at. 109:82-92. III. Univ. Press of Hawaii , Honolulu. 123. CARSON, H. L., and W. E. JOHNSON. 113. IKEDA, H., and H . L. C ARSON. 1973h. 1975b. Genetic variation in Hawaiian Selection for mating reluctance in Drosophila I. Chromosome and allo­ females of a diploid parthenogenetic zyme polymorphism in D. setosimentum strain of Drosophila mercatorum . Ge­ and D. ochrobasis from the island of netics 75 :541 -555. Hawai'i. Evolution 29: 11-23. 114. CARSON, H . L., W. W. M . STEINER, and 124. JOHNSON, W. E., H. L. CARSON , K . Y. W. E. JOHNSON. 1973i. Molecular dif­ KANESHIRO, W . W. M . STEINER, and ferentiation in D. grimshawi. Dros. Inf. M . M . COOPER. 1975c. Genetic vari­ Serv. 50: 100-10I. ation in Hawaiian Drosophila II. Allo­ 115. CARSON, H . L. 1974a . The Biston affair. zymic differen tiation in the D. planitibia A review of the evolution of melani sm. subgro up. Pages 563-584 in C. L. B. Kettlewell. Clarendon (Oxford Uni v. Markert , ed. Isozymes IV . G enetics Press, New York, 1973). Science 183: and evolution. Academic Press, New 67. York. 116. AHEARN, J. N ., H. L. C ARSON, T. 125. CARSON, H . L., W . E. JOHNSON, P. S. DOBZHANSKY, and K. Y. KANESHIRO. N AIR, and F. M. SENE. 1975d. Genetic 1974b. Ethological isolation among similarities based on allozymic and three species of the planitibia subgroup chromosomal data . Genetics 80 :s19. Introduction and Bibliography 7

126. CRADDOCK, E. M., and H. L. CARSON . Dept. of Botany, Univ . of Hawaii, 1975e. Chromosome variability in an Honolulu. endemic Hawaiian Drosophila species. 138. CARSON, H. L., L. T. TERAMOTO, and Genetics 80:s23. A. R. TEMPLETON. 1977a. Behavioral 127. JOHNSON, W. E., and H. L. CARSON. differences among isogenic strains of 1975/ Allozymic variation in Droso­ Drosophila mercatorum. Behavior Ge­ phila silvestris. Genetics 80:s46. netics 7: 189-197. 128. NAIR, P. S., F. M. SENE, and H. L. 139. SENE, F. M., and H. L. CARSON. I 977b. CARSON. 1975g. Regulatory influence Genetic variation in Hawaiian Droso­ on isozyme expression in Drosophila. phila IV. Allozymic similarity between Genetics 80:s60. D. silvestris and D . heteroneura from 129. CARSON, H. L., P. S. NAIR, and F. M. the island of Hawaii. Genetics 86: 187­ SENE. 1975h. Drosophila hybrids in 197. nature: Proofofgene exchange between 140. NAIR, P. S., H. L. CARSON, and F. M. sympatric species. Science 189: 806­ SENE. 1977c. Isozyme polymorphism 807. due to regulatory influence . Amer. Nat. 130. CARSON, H. L., W. E. JOHNSON, P. S. 111:789-791. NAIR, and F. M. SENE. 1975i. Genetic 141. CARSON, H. L. 1977d. Introductions to variation in Hawaiian Drosophila III. a pivotal subject. Review of evolution, Allozymic and chromosomal similarity by Theodosius Dobzhansky, et al., and in two Drosophila species. Proc. Nat. Organismic evolution, by Verne Grant. Acad. Sci. U.S. 12:4521-4525. Science 197: 1272-1273. 131. CARSON, H. L. 1976a. Inference of 142. FONTDEVILA, A., and H. L. CARSON . the time of origin of some Drosophila 1978a. Spatial distribution and dis­ species. Nature 259: 395. persal in a population of Drosophila. 132. TEMPLETON, A. R., H. L. CARSON, and Amer. Nat. 112:365-380. C. F. SING. 1976b. The population 143. CARSON, H. L. 1978b. Chromosomes genetics of parthenogenetic strains of and species formation. Evolution 32: Drosophila mercatorum II. The capacity 925-927. for parthenogenesis in a natural, bisex­ 144. CARSON, H. L. 1978c. Speciation and ual population. Genetics 82:527-542. sexual selection in Hawaiian Droso­ 133. SENE, F. M., and H. L., CARSON. 1976c. phila . Pages 93-107 in P. F . Brussard, Close allozymic similarity within and be­ ed. Ecological genetics: The interface. tween two sympatric species ofHawaiian Springer-Verlag, New York. Drosophila . Genetics 83: s69-70. 145. CARSON, H. L. 1978d. Hawai'i IBP syn­ 134. CARSON, H . L. 1976d. Genetic differ­ thesis: 6. Genetic variation and popula­ ences between newly formed species. tion structure in island species. Page 41 Bioscience 26: 700-70I. in Proc. 2nd Conf. Nat. Sci. Hawai'i 135. CARSON, H. L. 1976e. The unit ofgenetic Volcanoes National Park. Cooperative change in adaptation and speciation. National Park Resources Studies Unit. Ann . Missouri Bot. Gard. 63: 210-233. Dept. of Botany, Univ . of Hawaii, 136. CARSON, H. L., and K. Y. KANESHIRO. Honolulu (abstract). 1976/ Drosophila of Hawaii: Sys­ 146. CARSON, H. L. 1978e. Genetic distance, tematics and ecological genetics. Ann. sexual selection, and speciation. Pages Rev. EcoI. Syst. 7:311-346. 84-87 in H. I. Oka and O. Kitagawa, 137. CARSON, H. L. 1976g. Ecology of rare eds. Dynamics of speciation in plants Drosophila species in Hawaii Vol­ and animals. U.S.-Japan Cooperative canoes National Park. Pages 39-45 in Science Program. Japan Soc. Prom. Proc. Ist Conf. Nat. Sci. Hawai'i Science, Tokyo. Volcanoes National Park. Cooperative 147. CARSON, H. L., and P. J. BRYANT. National Park Resources Studies Unit. 1979a. Genetic variation in Hawaiian 8 PACIFIC SCIENCE , Volume 42, January/Jul y 1988

Drosophila VI. Change in a secondary and W. B. Provine, eds. The evolu­ sexual character as evidence of incipi­ tion ary synthesis . Harvard Univ . Press, ent speciation in Drosophila. Proc. Nat. Cambridge, Mass . Acad. Sci. U.S. 76: 1929- 1932. 159. CARSON, H. L. 1980i. Variation among 148. BRYANT, P. J., and H. L. CARSON. males of Drosophila silvestris in the 1979b. Genetics of an interspecific dif­ 01aa tract, Hawaii Volcanoes National ference in a secondary sexual character Park. Page 51 in Proc. 3rd Conf. Nat. in Hawaiian Dr osophila. Genetics 91: Sci. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. sI5- s16. Cooperative National Park Resources 149. CARSON, H. L. 1979c. Local variation Studies Unit. Dept. of Botany, Univ . of in a secondary sexual character in Dro­ Hawaii, Honolulu (abstract). sophila. Genetics 91 :s18. 160. CARSON, H. L. 1980). A pro vocative 150. DICKINSON, W. J., and H. L. CARSON. view of the evolutionary process. In 1979d. Regulation of the tissue specifi­ Richard Goldschmidt, Controversial city of an enzyme by a cis-acting genetic geneticist and creative biologist. Ed. element : Evidence from interspecific L. K. Piternick. Birkhauser, Basel. Ex­ Drosophila hybrids. Pro c. Nat. Acad . perientia Suppl. 35: 24-26. Sci. U.S. 76:4559-4562. 161. OKADA, T. , and H. L. CARSON. 1980k. 151. CARSON, H. L., and T. OKADA. 1980a. Drosophilidae associated with flowers Drosophilidae associated with flowers in Papua New Guinea II. Alocasia in Papua New Guinea. I. Colo casia (Araceae). Pac. Insects 22:217-236. esculenta. Kontyu 48: 15-29. 162. CARSON, H. L. 1980/. Chromosomes 152. CARSON, H. L., and A. T. OHTA. 1980b. and evolution in some relatives of Origin of the genetic basis ofcoloni zing Drosophila grimshawi from Hawaii. abilit y. Abstr. 2nd Internat. Congr. Symp. R.Entomol. Soc. London 10: Syst. Evol. BioI. Vancouver: Univ . of 195-205. British Columbia, p. 39. . 163. CARSON, H. L. 1981a. Macroevolution 153. CARSON, H. L. 1980c. Evolution of conference: A letter to the editor. Sci­ studies on Ha waiian Drosophilidae. ence 211: 773. Abstr. 2nd Internat. Congr. Syst. Evol. 164. CARSON, H. L. 1981b. Genetics in BioI. Vancouver: Uni v. of British Col­ Russia. A review ofanimal genetics and umbia, p. 110. evolution, N . N. Vorontsov and J. M. 154. CARSON, H. L., and T. OKADA. 1980d. van Brink, eds. Th e Hague: Junk. 384 The ecology and evolution of some pp. , 1978. Science 211:932-933. flower-breeding Drosophilidae of New 165. CARSON, H. L. 1981 c. Chromosomal Guinea. Abstr. 16th Internat. Congr. tracing of evolution in a phylad of Entomol. Kyoto, Japan, p. 7. species related to Drosophila hawaiien­ 155. CARSON, H. L., and L. T. TERAMOTO. sis. Pages 286-297 in W. R. Atchley 1980e. Differences in copulatory suc­ and D. S. Woodruff, eds. Evolution cess among laboratory males of Dr oso­ and speciation. Cambridge Univ. Press, phila silvestris. Genetics 94 :s14. Cambridge. 156. CARSON, H. L. 19801 Homosequential 166. CARSON , H. L. 1981d. Age of chromo­ species of Hawaiian Drosophila. Proc. somal polymorphism in Drosophila sil­ 7th Internat. Chromosome Conf. Ox­ vestris. Genetics 97 :s17. ford, England , p. 18 (abstract). 167. SENE, F. M.,J. M. AMABIS, H. L. CARSON, 157. CARSON, H. L. 1980g. Cytogenetics and and T. H. F. S. CYRINO. 1981 e. Chro­ the neo-Darwinian synthesis. Pages mosome polymorphism in Drosophila 86-95 in E. Mayr and W. B. Provine, mercatorum pararepleta in South eds. The evolutionary synthesis. Har­ America. Rev. Bras. Genet. 4: 1-10. vard Univ . Press, Cambridge, Mass. 168. CARSON, H. L. 19811 Homosequential 158. CARSON, H. L. 1980h. Hypotheses that species of Hawaiian Drosophila. Pages blur and grow. Pages 383-384 in E. Ma yr 150-164 in M. D. Bennett, M. Bobrow, Introduction and Bibliography 9

and G . Hewitt, eds . Chromosomes to­ 177. CARSON, H. L., and T. OKADA. 1982a. day. Vol. 7. Allen and Unwin, London. Drosophilidae of New Guinea. Page s 169. MUELLER-DoMBOIS, D., K. W. BRIDGES, 675-687 in J. L. Gressitt , ed . Biogeog­ and H. L. CARSON, eds. 1981g. Island raphy of New Guinea. Junk, Am ster­ ecosystem s: Biological organization in dam. Monogr. BioI. 42(2) :675-687. selected Hawaiian communities. Hutch­ 178. CARSON, H . L., F. C. VAL, C. M . SIMON. inson-Ross, Stroudsburg, Pa . 583 pp . and J.W. ARCHI E. 1982b. Morphometric 170. CARSON, H. L. 1981h. Genetic variation evidence for incipient speciation In within island species. Introduction. Drosophila silvestris from the island of Pages 431-437 in D . Mueller- Dornbois, Hawaii. Evolution 36 : 132-140. K. W . Bridges, and H. L. Carson, eds. 179. CARSON, H. L. 1982c. Evolution of Island ecosystems: Biological organiza­ Drosophila on the newer Hawaiian vol­ tion in selected Hawaiian communities. canoes. Heredity 48 :3-25. H utchinson-Ross, Stroudsburg, Pa. 180. KANESHIRO, K . Y., and H . L. CARSON . 171. SPIESS, E. B., and H . L. CARSON. 1981i. 1982d. Selection experiments on mating Sexual selection in Drosophila silvestris behavior in Drosophila silvestris. Ge­ of Hawai'i . Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S . netics 100: s34. 78: 3088-3092. 181. GIDDI NGS, L. V., and H. L. CARSON. 172. STUART, W. D ., J. G . BISHOP, H. L. 1982e. Beha vioral ph ylogeny of popula­ CARSON, and M. B. FRANK . 1981j. Lo­ tion s of Drosophila crucigera. Genetics cation of the 18/28S ribosomal RNA 100 :s26-27 (abstract). genes In two Hawaiian Drosophila 182. ASHBURNER, M., H. L. CARSON, and species by monoclonal immunological J. N . THOMPSON, JR., eds. 1982f The identification of RNA-DNA hybrids genetics and biology of Drosophila. Vol. in situ. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 78 : 3b. Academic Press, London. 3751-3754. 183. CARSON, H . L., and J. S. YOON. I982g. 173. CARSON, H . L. 1981k. Genetic variation Genetics and evolution of Hawaiian within and between endemic Hawaiian Drosophila. Page s 297- 344 in M. Ash­ species of Drosophila . Pages 451-455 in burner, H . L. Carson, and J. N. Thomp­ D. Muller-Dornbois, K. W. Bridges, son, Jr. , eds. The genetics and bio logy and H . L. Carson, eds. Island ecosys­ of Drosophila. Vol. 3b. Academic Pre ss, tems: Biological organization in selected London. Hawaiian communities. Hutchinson ­ 184. OKAD A, T., and H . L. CARSON. 1982h. Ross, Stroudsburg, Pa . Drosophilidae associated with flowers 174. CARSON, H . L. 19811. Microevolution in Papua New Guinea 111. Zingiberales. in insular ecosystems. Page s 47 1-482 in Kontyu 50(3) :396-410. D. Mue ller-Dornbois, K. W. Bridges, 185. CARSON, H. L., L. S. CHANG , and T. W. and H. L. Carson. eds. Island ecosys­ LYTTLE. 1982i. Decay of fema le sexu al tems : Biological organization in selected behavior under parthenogenesis. Sci­ Hawaiian communities. Hutchinson­ ence 218: 68-70. Ross, Stroudsburg, Pa . 186. CARSON, H. L. I982j. Hawai i: Show­ 175. ASHBURNER , M ., H . L. CARSON, and case of evolution. An introduction . J. N. THOMPSON , JR., eds. 1981m. The Natural History 91(12): 76-78. genetics and biology of Drosophila . 187. CARSON, H. L. 1982k . Hawaii: Show­ Vol. 3a. Academic Press, London. case ofevo lution. A cloudy future. Nat­ 176. CARSON , H. L., and A. T. OHTA. 1981n ural History 91(12): 72. Origin of the genetic basis of colonizing 188. CARSON, H . L. , and L. T. TERAMOTO. ability. Page s 365-370 in G . G. E. 19821. Bibliography of Hawaiian Dro­ Scudder and J. L. Reveal, eds. Evolu­ sophilidae.D ros. Inf. Servo 58 :215­ tion today. Pro c. 2nd Internat. Congr. 226. Syst. Evol . BioI. Hunt Institute, Ca r­ 189. CARSON, H . L., C. B. KRIMBAS, and negie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh. Pa . M. LOUKAS. 1982m. Slime fluxes a 10 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 42, January/July 1988

larval niche of D. subobscura Col., chromosomes of Drosophilids. Dros. Dros. Inf. Servo 58: 34-35. Inf. Servo 39: 148- 151. 190. CARSON, H. L. 1982n. Speciation as a 200. CARSON, H. L. 1983g. The genetics of major reorganization of polygenic bal­ the founder effect. Pages 189- 200 in ances. Pages 41 1-433 in C. Barigozzi, C. M. Schonewald-Cox, S. M. Cham­ ed. Mechanisms of speciation. Alan R. bers, B. MacBryde, and L. Thomas, eds. Liss, New York. Genetics and conservation. Benjamin/ 191. CARSON, H. L. 19820. Fluctuations in Cummings, Menlo Park, Ca. size of certain Drosophila populations 201. OKADA, T., and H. L. CARSON. 1983h. in the Ola'a Tract, Hawaii Volcanoes Drosophilidae from banana traps over National Park. Page 40 in Proc. 4th an altitudinal transect in Papua New Conf. Nat. Sci. Hawaii Volcanoes Guinea. I. Descriptions of new species National Park. Cooperative National and notes on newly recorded species. Park Resources Study Unit. Dept. of Internat. J. Entomol. 25 : 127-141. Botany, Univ . of Hawaii, Honolulu 202. CARSON, H. L., and T. OKADA. 1983i. (abstract). Drosophilidae from banana traps over 192. OKADA, T., and H. L. CARSON. 1982p. an altitudinal transect in Papua New Drosophilidae associated with flowers Guinea. II. Frequency ofspecies at eight III Papua New Guinea IV. Araceae, collecting sites. Internat. J. Entomol. Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Legumi ­ 25: 142-151. nosae, Malvaceae, Rubiaceae. Kontyu 203. OKADA, T., and H. L. CARSON.I983j. 50:511-526. The genus Sphaerogastrella Duda (Dip­ 193. CARSON, H. L., and T. OKADA. 1982q. tera, Drosophilidae) of Papua New Drosophilidae associated with flowers Guinea. Kontyu 51:367-375. in Papua New Guinea (Diptera:Droso­ 204. CARSON, H. L. 1983k. Artificial selec­ philidae). Entomol. Gen . 8: 13-16. tion of a secondary sexual character in 194. CARSON, H. L. 1983a. Genetical pro­ Drosophila silvestris of the island of cesses of speciation on high oceanic Hawaii. Proc. 15th Internat. Congr. islands. Page 34 in Pac. Sci. Assoc. 15th Genet. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi . Congr. Univ. of Otago, Dunedin, New Part II, p. 438 (abstract). Zealand. Vol. I (abstract). Royal Soc. 205. CARSON, H . L., F. C. VAL, and M . R. New Zealand. WHEELER. 1983/. Drosophilidae of the 195. CARSON, H. L. 1983b. Chromosomal Galapagos Islands, with descriptions of sequences and interi sland colonizations two new species. Internat. J. Entomol. in Hawaiian Drosophila. Genetics 103: 25: 239-248. 465-482. 206. ASHBURNER, M., H. L. CARSON, and 196. HUNT, J. A., and H. L. CARSON. 1983c. J. N. THOMPSON, JR., eds. 1983m. The Evolutionary relationships of four genetics and biology of Drosophila. species of Hawaiian Drosophila as Vol. 3d. Academic Press, London. measured by DNA reassociation. Ge­ 207. CARSON, H . L., and W. B. HEED. 1983n. netics 104:353-364. Methods of collecting Drosophila. 197. CARSON, H. L., and R. LANDE. 1983d. Pages 1-28 in M. Ashburner, H. L. Inheritance of a secondary sexual char­ Carson, and J. N . Thompson, Jr., eds. acter in Drosophila silvestris. Genetics The genetics and biology of Drosophila . 104:s12 (abstract). Vol. 3d. Academic Press, London. 198. ASHBURNER, M., H. L. CARSON, and 208. CARSON, H. L. 19830. Genetical pro­ J. N. THOMPSON, JR., eds. 1983e. The cesses of evolution on high oceanic genetics and biology of Drosophila . islands. In I. W. B. Thornton, ed. Vol. 3c. Academic Press, London. Symp .Distr. Evol. Pac. Insects. Geo ­ 199. ASHBURNER, M., and H. L. CARSON. Journal 7:543-547. 1983/ A checklist of maps of polytene 209. OKADA, T., and H. L. CARSON. I983p. Introduction and Bibliography II

The genera Phorticella D uda and 220. HUNT, J. A., J. G .BISHOP III, an d H . L. Zaprionus Coquillett (Diptera, D roso­ CARSON. 1984k. Chromosomal mapping philidae) of the Oriental region and of a middle-repetitive DNA sequence New Guinea. Kontyu 51:539-553. in a cluster of five species of Hawaiian 210. CHANG, L. S., and H. L. CARSON. 1984a. Drosophila. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. Metaphase chromosome comparisons 81:7146-7150. among five species of Hawaiian Droso­ 221. CREWS, D ., L. T. TERAMOTO, and H. L. phila . Genetics 107 :s18-19. CARSON. 1985a. Behavioral facilitation 211. H UNT, J. A., J. G .BISHOP III, and H . L. of reproduction in sexual and parthe­ CARSON. 1984b. Observation of a re­ nogenetic Drosophila. Science 277 :77­ petitive D NA element in five species of 78. Hawaiian Drosophila. Genetics 107 :s50. 222. CARSON, H. L. 1985b. Genetic variation 212. CARSON, H. L., and J. V. NEEL. 1984c. in a courtship-related male character Harrison Dailey Stalker 1915- 1982. in Drosophila silvestris from a single Genetics 107: s138-140. Hawaiian locality. Evolution 39 :678­ 213. CARSON, H . L., and L. T. TERAMOTO. 686. 1984d. Artificial selection for a second­ 223. CHANG, L. S., an d H . L. CARSON.1985c. ary sexual character in males of Droso­ Metaphase ka ryotype identity in four phila silvestris from Hawaii. Proc. Nat. homosequential Drosophila species Aca d. Sci. U .S. 81 :39 15-3917. from Hawaii. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 214. HERFORTH, R. S., H . L. CARSON, and 27: 308- 311. L. CHANG. 1984e. A new arrival to the 224. TAKENAKA, J. H ., H. L. CARSON, and Hawaiian Islands: Drosophila cardini. D . CREWS. 1985d. Active courtship be­ D ros. Inf. Servo60 : 124. havior and copulatory success by sterile 215. CARSON, H. L. 1984f Sexual dimor­ XO males of Drosophila mercatorum. phi sm and sexual selection in Hawaiian Genetics 110:s101 (abstract). Drosophila. Page 51 in Proc. 5th Conf. 225. TITUS, E. A. , H . L. CARSON, and R. G. Nat. Sci. Hawaii Volcanoes N ational WISOTZKEY. 1985e. Another new arrival Park. Cooperative National Park Re­ to the Hawaiian Islands: Drosophila sources Study Unit. Dept. of Botany, bryani Malloch. Dros. Inf. Serv. 61: 171. Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu 226. CARSON, H. L. 1985/ Evo lution of fish (abstract). species flocks, edited by A. A. Echelle 216. CARSON, H . L. 1984g. Genetics. Pages and I. Kornfield, a review . Qu art. Rev. 193- 194 in Mc Graw-H ill yearbook of BioI. 60 :347-348. science an d technology . McGraw-Hili, 227. CARSON, H. L. 1985g. Unification of New York. speciation theory in plants and animals. 217. CARSON, H. L., an d A. R. TEMPLETON . Syst. Bot. 10:380- 390. I 984h. Genetic revo lutions in relation 228. CARSON, H. L., C. B. KRIMBAS, an d to speciation phenomena: Th e founding M. LOUKAS. 1985h. Slime fluxes, a of new populations. Ann. Rev . Eco l. larval niche of Drosophila subobscura Syst. 15:97- 131. Col. Congr. Internat. Zoogeogr. Ecol. 218. CARSON, H. L., and R. LANDE. 1984i. G rece Reg. Avois. Biologia Gallo­ Inheritance of a seco ndary sexual char­ Hellenica 10: 319-321. acter in Drosophila silvestris. Proc. Nat. 229. CARSON, H . L. 1985i. Genetic micro­ Acad. Sci. U .S. 81:6904- 6907. differentiation du e to sexual selection 219. CARSON, H . L. 1984j. Speciation and in Drosophila and man. Pages 1-14 in the founder effect on a new oceanic Y. R. Ahuja and J. V. Neel , eds. Ge­ island. Pages 45-54 in F. J. Radovsky, netic microdifferentiation in human P. H . Raven, and S. H . Sohmer, eds . and other animal populations. Indian Biogeography of the tropical Pacific . Anthropol. Assoc. Univ. of Delhi, New B. P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Delhi. 12 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 42, January/July 1988

230. ASHBURNER, M., H. L. CARSON, and lations in the Ola'a Tract, Hawaii Vol­ J. N. THOMPSON, JR., eds. 1986a. The canoes National Park, 1971-1986. genetics and biology of Drosophila. Pages 3-9 in Proc. 6th Conf. Nat. Sci. Vol. 3e. Academic Press, London. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 231. CARSON, H. L. 1986b. Inversion hetero­ Cooperative National Park Resources zygosity is disproportionately high Study Uni t. Dept. of Botany, Univ . of among copulating males of Drosophila Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu. silvestris . Genetics 11 3:s39. 236. CARSON, H. L. 1986g. The origin of 232. WISOTZKEY, R. G., and H. L. CARSON. species. Pages 117- 121 in R. J. Berry and 1986c. Sperm predominance in Droso­ A. Hallam, eds. The Collins encyclopedia phila silvestris. Genetics 11 3:s46 of animal evolution. Collins, London. (abstract). 237. CARSON, H. L. 1986h. Change in iso­ 233. CARSON, H. L. I 986d. Sexual selec­ lation: Speciation in the Hawaiian tion and speciation.Pages 381-409 in Island. Pages 124-125 in R. J. Berry S. Karlin and E. Nevo, eds. Evolution­ and A. Hallam, eds. The Collins ency­ ary processes and theory. Academic cloped ia of animal evolution. Collins, Press, London. London. 234. CARSON, H. L., K. KANESHIRO and 238. CARSON, H. L. 1986i.Patterns of inher­ W. P. MULL. 1986e. Natural hybridi­ itance. Amer. Zoo1. 26:797-809. zation between two species of Hawaiian 239. CARSON, H. L. 1987. Population ge­ Drosophila. Page 35 in Abstr. lst In­ netics, evolutionary rates, and neo­ ternat. Congr. Diptero1. Hungarian Darwinism. Pages 209-217 in K. S. W. Acad. of Sci., Budapest. Campbell and M. F. Day, eds. Rates of 235. CARSON, H. L. 198t?{ Drosophila popu- evolution. Allen and Unwin, London.