“I Wish I Knew How It Would Feel to Be Free”

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“I Wish I Knew How It Would Feel to Be Free” Translating Nina Simone’s Civil Rights Songs into Dutch “I Wish I Knew How it Would Feel to be Free” Maaike Harkink 5501377 MA Thesis MA Translation English American English Supervisor: Anniek Kool, MA Second reader: dr. Onno Kosters Date: 4 July 2016 16.000 words ex. quotes Faculteit Geesteswetenschappen Versie september 2014 VERKLARING KENNISNEMING REGELS M.B.T. PLAGIAAT Fraude en plagiaat Wetenschappelijke integriteit vormt de basis van het academisch bedrijf. De Universiteit Utrecht vat iedere vorm van wetenschappelijke misleiding daarom op als een zeer ernstig vergrijp. De Universiteit Utrecht verwacht dat elke student de normen en waarden inzake wetenschappelijke integriteit kent en in acht neemt. De belangrijkste vormen van misleiding die deze integriteit aantasten zijn fraude en plagiaat. Plagiaat is het overnemen van andermans werk zonder behoorlijke verwijzing en is een vorm van fraude. Hieronder volgt nadere uitleg wat er onder fraude en plagiaat wordt verstaan en een aantal concrete voorbeelden daarvan. Let wel: dit is geen uitputtende lijst! Bij constatering van fraude of plagiaat kan de examencommissie van de opleiding sancties opleggen. De sterkste sanctie die de examencommissie kan opleggen is het indienen van een verzoek aan het College van Bestuur om een student van de opleiding te laten verwijderen. Plagiaat Plagiaat is het overnemen van stukken, gedachten, redeneringen van anderen en deze laten doorgaan voor eigen werk. Je moet altijd nauwkeurig aangeven aan wie ideeën en inzichten zijn ontleend, en voortdurend bedacht zijn op het verschil tussen citeren, parafraseren en plagiëren. Niet alleen bij het gebruik van gedrukte bronnen, maar zeker ook bij het gebruik van informatie die van het internet wordt gehaald, dien je zorgvuldig te werk te gaan bij het vermelden van de informatiebronnen. De volgende zaken worden in elk geval als plagiaat aangemerkt: ñ het knippen en plakken van tekst van digitale bronnen zoals encyclopedieën of digitale tijdschriften zonder aanhalingstekens en verwijzing; ñ het knippen en plakken van teksten van het internet zonder aanhalingstekens en verwijzing; ñ het overnemen van gedrukt materiaal zoals boeken, tijdschriften of encyclopedieën zonder aanhalingstekens en verwijzing; ñ het opnemen van een vertaling van bovengenoemde teksten zonder aanhalingstekens en verwijzing; ñ het parafraseren van bovengenoemde teksten zonder (deugdelijke) verwijzing: parafrasen moeten als zodanig gemarkeerd zijn (door de tekst uitdrukkelijk te verbinden met de oorspronkelijke auteur in tekst of noot), zodat niet de indruk wordt gewekt dat het gaat om eigen gedachtengoed van de student; ñ het overnemen van beeld-, geluids- of testmateriaal van anderen zonder verwijzing en zodoende laten doorgaan voor eigen werk; ñ het zonder bronvermelding opnieuw inleveren van eerder door de student gemaakt eigen werk en dit laten doorgaan voor in het kader van de cursus vervaardigd oorspronkelijk werk, tenzij dit in de cursus of door de docent uitdrukkelijk is toegestaan; ñ het overnemen van werk van andere studenten en dit laten doorgaan voor eigen werk. Indien dit gebeurt met toestemming van de andere student is de laatste medeplichtig aan plagiaat; ñ ook wanneer in een gezamenlijk werkstuk door een van de auteurs plagiaat wordt gepleegd, zijn de andere auteurs medeplichtig aan plagiaat, indien zij hadden kunnen of moeten weten dat de ander plagiaat pleegde; ñ het indienen van werkstukken die verworven zijn van een commerciële instelling (zoals een internetsite met uittreksels of papers) of die al dan niet tegen betaling door iemand anders zijn geschreven. De plagiaatregels gelden ook voor concepten van papers of (hoofdstukken van) scripties die voor feedback aan een docent worden toegezonden, voorzover de mogelijkheid voor het insturen van concepten en het krijgen van feedback in de cursushandleiding of scriptieregeling is vermeld. Maaike Harkink – 5501377 – MA Thesis 2 In de Onderwijs- en Examenregeling (artikel 5.15) is vastgelegd wat de formele gang van zaken is als er een vermoeden van fraude/plagiaat is, en welke sancties er opgelegd kunnen worden. Onwetendheid is geen excuus. Je bent verantwoordelijk voor je eigen gedrag. De Universiteit Utrecht gaat ervan uit dat je weet wat fraude en plagiaat zijn. Van haar kant zorgt de Universiteit Utrecht ervoor dat je zo vroeg mogelijk in je opleiding de principes van wetenschapsbeoefening bijgebracht krijgt en op de hoogte wordt gebracht van wat de instelling als fraude en plagiaat beschouwt, zodat je weet aan welke normen je je moeten houden. Hierbij verklaar ik bovenstaande tekst gelezen en begrepen te hebben. Naam: Studentnummer: Datum en handtekening: Dit formulier lever je bij je begeleider in als je start met je bacheloreindwerkstuk of je master scriptie. Het niet indienen of ondertekenen van het formulier betekent overigens niet dat er geen sancties kunnen worden genomen als blijkt dat er sprake is van plagiaat in het werkstuk. Maaike Harkink – 5501377 – MA Thesis 3 Abstract This master thesis concerns the translation of Nina Simone’s civil rights songs. Seven songs have been translated and analyzed. These are “Ain’t Got No/ I Got Life” (1968), “Mississippi Goddam” (1964), “Sinnerman” (1965), “Four Women” (1966), “To Be Young, Gifted and Black” (1969), “I Wish I Knew How it Would Feel to be Free” (1967) and “My Baby Just Cares For Me” (1958). The last two songs form an ‘encore’ following the custom of a setlist. The majority of the first five songs were written by Simone herself, except for “Ain’t Got No/ I Got Life.” The songs in the encore were written by others, but were made famous by Nina Simone. Firstly, the Framework is set out: Nina Simone, the artist is introduced, the civil rights era in The United States is set out, and, in comparison, a character of the sixties in the Netherlands is given. What follows is the image of Nina Simone in The United States, compared to her image in The Netherlands. Other than in The United States, in The Netherlands, it is not commonly known that Nina Simone is a civil rights singer. Secondly, the theoretical framework is set out, and the applied theories in this thesis are introduced. A comparison is made between translating poetry and lyrics. Next, arguments are given to answer the question: ‘Why translate Nina Simone’s songs into Dutch?’ Thirdly, the song selection is substantiated, and the seven songs are analyzed. This part forms the majority of this thesis. The analyses are divided into translation problems regarding content and form. For the analyses of content, the theory of James S. Holmes for translating poetry is applied, since lyrics are a specific form of poetry. The socio-cultural context of the songs is described each time, as well as the literary intertext, which, in the case of lyrics concerns the music culture of the source and target public. For the analyses regarding form, the third division of Holmes’ theory is used, the linguistic context. Furthermore, Peter Low’s pentathlon principle is applied. Moreover, for each of the songs Bindervoet and Henkes’ advice is taken to heart to try and find the unique quality of the song. This quality should be honored in the translation. What follows are the translations of the seven songs, the source text and target text side by side, so that the reader can compare the texts. Lastly, the conclusion dilates upon the main research aim, explaining which strategies were used in the process of translating Nina Simone’s civil rights songs, which problems occurred and it elaborates about the process of translating the lyrics. Maaike Harkink – 5501377 – MA Thesis 4 Since content is a prime aspect of each song, the sense of Peter Low’s pentathlon was important in the writing process, binding the translator. The cultural color of the songs should be maintained, the expressions of these influences had to be translated to Dutch using equivalents that did not color the Dutch with a dialect or with street language. Therefor the AAVE language, for example was mainly translated with colloquial and idiomatic language use. It was concluded that the unique qualities present in the songs, were maintained in the Dutch languages. About the process of translating lyrics, it is emphasized that with all the theory and tools and golden rules a translator has the disposal of, he still has to come into a creative process and has to come with creative solutions in each song, each stanza, each line. Maaike Harkink – 5501377 – MA Thesis 5 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 9 1.1 Research Aim and Overview ................................................................................................................ 9 1.2 Main Research Aim .............................................................................................................................. 10 1.3 Structure ................................................................................................................................................. 10 2. Framework ................................................................................................................................................. 11 2.1 Introducing Nina Simone ................................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Character of the Era ...........................................................................................................................
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