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An Archaeological Overview Assessment Non Permit Report Knob Hill Wind Farm: An Archaeological Overview Assessment Non Permit Report Prepared for: Sea Breeze Energy Inc. Submitted to: The Quatsino First Nation The Tlatlasikwala First Nation and The Archaeology Branch Non-Permit Report By: Darcy Mathews, RPCA and Armando Anaya-Hernandez, Ph.D Millennia Research Limited 510 Alpha Street Victoria, BC V8Z 1B2 (250) 360-0919 July 5, 2004 Project #0423 Credits Project Director and Author……………………… Darcy Mathews, RPCA Potential Modelling……………………………… Armando Anaya-Hernandez, Ph.D Field Crew………………………………….…… Aaron Williams, Quatsino First Nation David Charlie, Tlatlasikwala First Nation Darcy Mathews Acknowledgements Millennia Research would like to thank the following people who contributed to this project: Resja Campfens and Paul Manson for initiating the work and Jill Moore, James Griffiths and Jason Day of Sea Breeze Energy Inc. for providing assistance throughout the course of the project; Chief Tom Nelson and Lana Eagle of the Quatsino First Nation and Patrick Charlie and Aaron Williams of the Quatsino Traditional Use Office for their interest and contributions to this project; Chief Tom Wallace of the Tlatlasikwala First Nation and David Charlie who participated in the field work and Ken Barth of the KDC for his advice and assitance; Catherine Wykes of West Coast Helicopters for her skilful flying and enthusiasm with the field work; Al Mackie of the Archaeology and Registry Services Branch. Knob Hill Wind Farm ii Millennia Research Ltd An Archaeological Overview Assessment 2004 Management Summary Sea Breeze Energy Inc. proposes to construct a wind farm near the northern end of Vancouver Island on a plateau of mostly bog terrain in the vicinity of Knob Hill, approximately 10 km north of the town of Holberg. As part of the Environmental Assessment Office (EAO) review, heritage implications of the Knob Hill Wind Farm proposal are considered in the assessment process. This Archaeological Overview Assessment (AOA) is in response to the potential for impacts to heritage values resulting from the wind farm and associated transmission line and access road. In undertaking this archaeological overview, archaeological resource potential within the survey area was accomplished by utilising ecological, geographical, archaeological and Traditional Use information, in addition to considerations for changing human adaptations to the landscape throughout the Holocene. This data was implemented in the development of a GIS- based archaeological potential model. A Preliminary Field Reconnaissance (PFR) was undertaken to test and refine the preliminary AOA model, particularly because very little is known about the archaeology of inland and moderate elevation areas on Vancouver Island. This AOA indicates the potential for the presence of archaeological sites in the Knob Hill Wind Farm project area. As currently planned, some of these areas of archaeological potential may overlap with the proposed development. As such, additional archaeological work or project redesigns are the two recommended mitigative actions presented here. The three areas assessed by the AOA: the Wind Farm, the transmission line and the access road are discussed below. Knob Hill Wind Farm: • The summit of Knob Hill: This landform has a moderate potential for archaeological sites as it may have offered a vantage point from which prehistoric hunters could have monitored the movement of large mammals such as elk and black bear. The area of moderate potential on Knob Hill is limited to the area shaded in red in Figure 11. There are no planned developments within this area of moderate archaeological potential. • Several small raised landforms approximately 3 km southeast of the Knob Hill summit, identified as having low-moderate archaeological potential for surface and subsurface archaeological deposits. These areas are shaded as green polygons in Figure 11. These deposits would most likely be comprised of lithic debitage, small hearths and other materials associated with small-scale hunting camps. During the warmer and drier early and mid Holocene this may have been a location better suited for hunting and short-term habitation than at present. There are nine turbine locations and proposed turbine roads within this area of Low Moderate archaeological potential. • The eastern margin of the wind farm where the proposed transmission line will enter the project area has the potential for culturally modified redcedar trees (CMTs). As illustrated in Figure 11. CMTs have the potential to occur in the areas shaded yellow (Figure 11). Knob Hill Wind Farm iii Millennia Research Ltd An Archaeological Overview Assessment 2004 The Transmission Line: • There are several small patches of old growth redcedar in the Nahwitti River Valley that have the potential to contain culturally modified trees. CMT’s have the potential to occur in the areas shaded yellow in Figure 11. The Access Road: • The majority of the access road will follow existing deactivated logging roads. Reactivation and road upgrades will be confined to the existing road right-of-way and no additional impacts are anticipated. The only area of ground altering activity is the final 650 m section of the road, through an area assessed as having low archaeological potential (Figure 11). The following recommendations are offered, based on the proposed project design and the possibility of impacts to archaeological resources identified by the potential model: 1. Where proposed development may occur in areas of identified low archaeological potential, no further archaeological work is recommended. 2. In those instances where areas of modelled CMT, low-moderate or moderate archaeological potential are in conflict with proposed ground-altering development, avoidance of the area is the preferred mitigative measure. However, if construction is not confined to areas of low archaeological potential, it is recommended that an AIA occur in those areas prior to any ground altering activity (such as road construction or turbine installation). Areas where an AIA will be required are those locations where proposed developments intersect areas of archaeological potential, which are shaded as red, green or yellow polygons in Figure 11. An AIA requires a permit issued by the Archaeology and Registry Services Branch to the archaeologist under Section 14 of the Heritage Conservation Act (HCA). These studies involve a visual inspection by a qualified professional archaeologist and will require subsurface testing to determine if buried cultural materials are present. The Archaeology and Registry Services Branch establishes standards for testing and reporting for AIA studies. Once a study is complete, a report must be prepared and submitted to the Archaeology Branch and the appropriate First Nations, which are then responsible for determining if the report is adequate and if additional work is required. If archaeological sites are found they must be recorded according to Archaeological Branch standards and any artifacts collected must be turned over to an appropriate repository. 3. If an AIA identifies archaeological sites in conflict with development, these sites are likely protected under the Heritage Conservation Act. If project redesign to avoid sites is not feasible and the proposed development will impact a site, additional archaeological work, such as mitigative data recovery and archaeological monitoring under a Section 14 permit, may be required. Knob Hill Wind Farm iv Millennia Research Ltd An Archaeological Overview Assessment 2004 Table of Contents Credits .......................................................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................................... ii Management Summary................................................................................................................................................ iii Knob Hill Wind Farm: ....................................................................................................................................... iii The Transmission Line:.......................................................................................................................................iv The Access Road:................................................................................................................................................iv Table of Contents ..........................................................................................................................................................v List of Plates.................................................................................................................................................................vi List of Figures...............................................................................................................................................................vi 1.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................1 2.0 Proposed Project......................................................................................................................................................4 3.0 Study Area...............................................................................................................................................................8
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