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Scrambling As Case-Driven Obligatory Movement

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Scrambling As Case-Driven Obligatory Movement University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons IRCS Technical Reports Series Institute for Research in Cognitive Science April 1993 Scrambling as Case-Driven Obligatory Movement Young-Suk Lee University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports Lee, Young-Suk, "Scrambling as Case-Driven Obligatory Movement" (1993). IRCS Technical Reports Series. 15. https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports/15 University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science Technical Report No. IRCS-93-06 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports/15 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Scrambling as Case-Driven Obligatory Movement Abstract In this thesis I explore the nature and properties of scrambling in Korean. Contrary to the widely accepted view that scrambling is truly optional, I propose that scrambling is a consequence of case-driven obligatory movement, a proposal consistent with the "last resort" condition on movement in [Chomsky 1991] and [Chomsky 1992]. I assume that scrambling is adjunction and defend this view in Ch. 5. In Ch. 2 and Ch. 3 based on binding facts and scope reconstruction, I claim that scrambling is best analyzed as A-movement. Scrambling either creates a binding relation which does not obtain in the base order, or destroys a binding relation which obtains in the base order. A scrambled element undergoes optional reconstruction for scope interpretation. All these properites are consistent with those of standard A-movement. In Ch. 4, I propose that scrambling is a consequence of case-driven movement. On the basis of case and word order possibilities in event nominal clauses, I first establish that in orK ean nominative case is licensed by INFL, and accusative case by a complex category formed by the head raising of VERB-to-INFL. Under the VP-internal Subject Hypothesis, all the arguments have to move out of VP to be assigned case. As long as the case licensing conditions are met, arguments may be arranged in any order, and therefore, scrambling is a consequence of case driven movement. The combination of the assumption that scrambling is adjunction with the proposal that scrambling is A- movement leads to the conclusion that adjoined positions are A-positions, contrary to the view in [Chomsky 1986] that adjoined positions are A'-positions. In Ch. 5, I defend the conclusion that adjoined positions are A-positions in Korean, on the basis of facts involving case assignment to adverbials, binding by a nominative adjunct NP in multiple nominative constructions, and absence of island effects in scrambling out of a scrambled clause. In Ch. 6, I examine island effects and discourse constraints on scrambling. I argue that islandhood of various clause types is determined by the selectional properties of the clause, as argued by [Cinque 1990] for wh-movement. I also argue that the relevant discourse notion characterizing the scramblability of an element is "presuppositionality" as defined in [Diesing 1990], atherr than specificity as ariousv authors including [Moltmann 1990], [Mahajan 1990] and [Enc 1991] advocate. Comments University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science Technical Report No. IRCS-93-06 This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports/15 The Institute For Research In Cognitive Science Scrambling as Case-Driven Obligatory Movemen (Ph.D. Dissertation) by P Young-Suk Lee E University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6228 N April 1993 Site of the NSF Science and Technology Center for Research in Cognitive Science N University of Pennsylvania IRCS Report 93-06 Founded by Benjamin Franklin in 1740 Scrambling as Casedriven ObligatoryMovement YoungSuk Lee A Dissertation in Linguistics Presented to the Faculties of the UniversityofPennsylvania in Partial Fulllmentofthe Requirements for the Degree of Do ctor of Philosophy AnthonySKroch Sup ervisor of Dissertation Sabine Iatridou Committee Member James Yo on Committee Member Donald Ringe Graduate Group Chairp erson c Copyright by YoungSuk Lee Acknowledgements Ihavewaited so long to have this opp ortunity toexpressmy gratitude to the p eople who have help ed me come this far I am very grateful to my committee memb ers My advisor AnthonyKroch has shap ed my view of linguistics and every page of this thesis reects his inuence His emphasis on indep endent thinking and high academic standards has always driven me to push my limits It was an immeasurable blessing to have Sabine Iatridou on my committee Even though Sabine came to Penn at the latter stages of my thesis research having her around was critical in strengthening my ability as a researcher My desire to emulate her as a teacher and a linguist prompted me to serveasavolunteer TA for her intro ductory semantics class Besides b eing an intellectual mentor she was always willing to share her exp erience with me as a friend and has b een a great source of emotional supp ort James Yoon read every single page of this thesis despite the fact that I asked him to serveonmy committee at a very late stage His challenging comments got me to think ab out problems whichIwould have never addressed bymyself Had he sp ent the time on his research whichhespent in reading my thesis and typing all the comments whichhesent to me via email he could have written at least two substantial research pap ers of his own My teac hers at Penn havecontributed greatly to myintellectual development Naoki Fukuis thesis and his seminar on GB syntax convinced me that Government and Binding Theory is a suitable theoretical framework even for languages like Korean Aravind Joshis seminar on Tree Adjoining Grammar and Mark Steedmans seminar on Combinatory Cate gorial Grammar taught me that there are manyways to approach formal syntax in addition to enabling me to gain insights into the formalisms Ellen Princes courses on pragmatics emphasized the close interaction b etween syntax and discourse and prevented me from drawing hastysyntactic generalizations Various so ciolinguistics classes which I to ok with Gillian Sanko made me b e aware of the immense variation among sp eakers Besides the eld work course Sp eech Community which I to ok in my rst semester at Penn was such awelcome change I got to talk to p eople and learn ab out the Philadelphi a community instead of sp ending hours and hours in tracking down a huge list of linguistics articles Even though I never had a chance to take his course Bill Lab ov has b een a role mo del for me My exp erience with him as a TAforIntro duction to Linguistics was enough to motivate me to aspire to b e a go o d linguist who is full of energy and enthusiasm Shortly after I came to Penn I wanted to work on scrambling for my thesis People talked ab out scrambling a lot as a distinguishing characteristic of Korean and Japanese as hwork on it aside from Mamoru Saitos thesis opp osed to English But I didnt see muc on Japanese I felt frustrated every time I heard the word scrambling and wanted to learn ab out it Conversations with JeeIn Kim who was working on scrambling within Combinatory Categorial Grammar in inspired me to lo ok at the phenomenon from a iii theoretical p ersp ective The term pap er which I wrote with Michael Niv on how to handle scrambling in Combinatory Categorial Grammar was the starting p ointofmy research Whenever I got stuckinmy research there were always p eople who were willing to help me out the scrambling reading group which Beatrice Santorini organized guided me to raise the relevant issues and gave me lots of reading material The pro cess of working with Beatrice Santorini made writing my prop osal much easier The insightful pap er which Shigeru Miyagawa wrote and gavemea copyofaftermy presentation at ESCOL has b een an invaluable resource for my thesis In retrosp ect my thesis work is an attempt to improve on his work I am so indebted to him that I cannot thank him enough Ihave also b eneted from discussions with other p eople in the pro cess of writing my thesis Chapter of this thesis draws heavily from myjointwork with Owen Rambow and Rob ert Frank Discussions which I had with Owen Rambowonhow to handle scrambling in Tree Adjoining Grammar help ed me clarify a numb er of assumptions whichhave rarely b een made explicit on the issue Detailed comments on my thesis prop osal byGertWeb elhuth and DongWhee Yang rep eated email corresp ondence with Ano op Maha jan conversations t with Mamoru Saito Peter Sellss comments on my pap er on case p ossibilitie s in even nominal clauses Caroline Heyco cks challenging questions and comments in the scrambling seminar and conversations with Michael Hegarty at the latter stages of my researchhave all made essential contributions to this thesis The Tilburg Workshop on scrambling organized by Henk van Riemsdijk and Nob ert Corver to ok place when I was ab out to write my thesis prop osal and enabled me to lo ok at the issue from a broader p ersp ective I also cannot forget Umit Turan and Beryl Homan whose researchonscrambling in Turkish has always made me feel that my next step in research should b e a thorough comparative study of scrambling between Korean and Turkish Michael Niv Dan Hardt and B Srinivas graciously allowed me to share their oce space whichwas absolutely crucial in exp editing the pro cess of writing this thesis Alexis Dimitriadis pro ofread this thesis until the last minute of my stay at Penn I am grateful to the following p eople
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