Gliding and Soaring
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Handley Page, Lachmann, Flow Control and Future Civil Aircraft
Handley Page, Lachmann, flow control and future civil aircraft John Green ABSTRACT Frederick Handley Page and Gustav Lachmann independently developed and patented the concept of the slotted wing as a means of increasing maximum lift. Subsequently they co-operated on the project and Lachmann joined Handley Page Ltd. The Handley Page slotted wing became used worldwide, generating substantial income for the company from use of the patent, and its descendents can be found on all modern transport aircraft. In the years following World War II, Lachmann led research at Handley Page to reduce drag by keeping the boundary layer laminar by surface suction. Handley Page led this field in the UK and developed a number of aircraft concepts, none of which came to fruition as full scale projects. However, looking to the future, the basic concept of laminar flow control holds out arguably the greatest potential of all technologies for reducing the fuel burn and environmental impact of future civil aircraft. 1. INTRODUCTION This is the story of two men of genius, Frederick Handley Page and Gustav Lachmann, Figs. 1 and 2. They were brought together by chance, as a result of having independently, and unknown to each other, invented and patented the same aerodynamic concept. During World War I they had been on opposite sides. Handley Page, who had been 28 at the outbreak of hostilities, established his company’s reputation as the designer of the large biplane bombers, the ‘bloody paralysers’ sought by the Royal Navy in 1914, that made a great contribution to the war effort in 1917 and 1918. -
This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G. Phd, Mphil, Dclinpsychol) at the University of Edinburgh
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. BIPLANE TO MONOPLANE: TWENTY YEARS OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN BRITISH FIGHTER AIRCRAFT, 1919-1939 PAUL KELLY PH.D IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STUDIES THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH 2013 DECLARATION BY CANDIDATE I affirm that the present thesis, ‘Biplane to Monoplane: Twenty Years of Technological Development in British Fighter Aircraft, 1919-1939’, has been composed by me, and that the work is my own. The thesis has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification, neither has it been published in whole or in part. I have read and understood The University of Edinburgh guidelines on plagiarism and declare that this thesis is all my own work except where I indicate otherwise by proper use of quotes and references. Signed ___________________________________ Date _____________________________________ PAUL KELLY 2 Table of Contents ILLUSTRATIONS ..................................................................................................................... -
In the Cause of Flight
In the Cause of Flight TECHNOLOGISTS OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS ^L _• _• HOWARD S. WOLKO »» . rfv • SMITHSONIAN STUDIES IN AIR AND SPACE NUMBER 4 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world cf science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. -
Chapter 2 Historical Breakthrough Innovations
Chapter 2 Historical Breakthrough Innovations The first part of this report highlighted the importance of The three case studies are presented in section 2.1 breakthrough innovation for sustaining long-run growth. (airplanes), section 2.2 (antibiotics) and section 2.3 As discussed in chapter 1, recent economic research (semiconductors) and follow closely the conceptual has associated such breakthrough innovations with framework introduced in chapter 1. Each case study general purpose technologies (GPTs) – technologies is divided into three parts. The first part describes the that have a wide variety of uses and find application in historical origin of the innovation, how it evolved from many sectors. However, no consensus has emerged on invention to widespread commercialization and the which technologies fall within varying formal definitions ways in which it transformed economic activity and of GPTs.1 Notwithstanding this definitional uncertainty, contributed to growth. The second part looks at the studying specific breakthrough innovations and their ecosystem in which the innovation flourished – who impact on growth holds substantial promise. The di- were the key innovation actors, how they were linked verse circumstances in which innovations flourish, the and how public policies shaped the path of innovation. varying nature of technology and the different chan- The third part investigates the role of the IP system, nels through which new technology affects economic asking in particular to what extent different IP rights activity often preclude drawing general conclusions helped secure returns on research and development about why innovation happens, how it spurs growth (R&D) investment and how they facilitated technology and which policies best support innovative activity. -
Aerodynamic Theory, Fuel- Efficiency and the Role of the British State in Aviation Technology in the Mid-Twentieth Century
Edinburgh Research Explorer The green airliner that never was: aerodynamic theory, fuel- efficiency and the role of the British state in aviation technology in the mid-twentieth century Citation for published version: Spinardi, G 2020, 'The green airliner that never was: aerodynamic theory, fuel-efficiency and the role of the British state in aviation technology in the mid-twentieth century', British Journal for the History of Science, pp. 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087420000035 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1017/S0007087420000035 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: British Journal for the History of Science General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 The Green Airliner that Never Was: Aerodynamic Theory, Fuel-Efficiency, and the Role of the British State in Aviation Technology in the mid-Twentieth Century Graham Spinardi, Abstract Two aerodynamic concepts theorised in the early twentieth century – laminar flow control and flying wings - offer the potential for more efficient aircraft.