DOCSLIB.ORG

This Herb Dilates Coronary Vessels, Lowers Blood Pressure and Reduces

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
This Herb Dilates Coronary Vessels, Lowers Blood Pressure and Reduces FEATURE By GEORGE NEMECZ, PH.D. Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC here are more than 100 species of hawthorn in North olin, luteolin-3'-7 diglucosides, apigenin, apegenin-7-O- America, consisting of small trees and shrubs. glucoside and rutin.11 Luteolin is an effective smooth muscle THowever, only a few are used for medicinal purposes. relaxant and protects the heart lipids against doxorubicin- These include Crataegus laevigata, C. oxyacantha, C. induced lipid peroxidation.12,13 In addition, luteolin monogyna and, less often, C. pentagyna.1 The name 5-rutinoside has achieved a marked antidiabetic activity in Crataegus oxyacantha is from the Greek: kratos (hard), oxus streptozocin-induced diabetes.14 Apigenin and luteolin (sharp) and akantha (thorn).2 Common names for inhibit tumor formation. Luteolin decreases aromatase hawthorns, which are members of the Roasaceae family, enzyme activity; apigenin showed inhibitory effect on TPA- include may, mayblossom, quick, thorn, whitethorn, haw mediated tumor promotion and is antimutagenic.15-17 hazels, gazels, halves, hagthorn, and bread and cheese tree. Hawthorn contains amygdalin; it has been tested in C. oxyacantha or C. monogyna are usually multibranched cancer, but provided no substantive benefits. In fact, several 2–5 meter shrubby trees that can reach a height of up to 10 patients experienced symptoms of cyanide toxicity with meters. They prefer the forest margin at lower and warmer amygdalin therapy.18 The other major constituents are triter- areas. The leaves are alternated, penoids, e.g., oleanolic acid, stalked, divided into 3–5 lobes ursolic acid and crataegus acid. and grayish-green on the under- This herb dilates coronary Ursolic acid induced apoptosis side. The scented white flowers in human leukemia cells, grow in bunches and bloom vessels, lowers blood pressure perhaps triggered by enhanced from April to June, after which intracellular Ca2+ levels. dark red, egg-shaped fruit devel- and reduces lipid levels. Lowering Ca2+ levels inhibited ops. The flowering tops are the apoptotic action of ursolic collected in late spring and early summer. Berry-collecting acid.19 The antiproliferative action of ursolic acid was also starts in September and ends by late October.3 indicated in a mouse melanoma cell line.20 Oleanolic acid Traditionally, the berries are used for their astringent and ursolic acid also have anti-inflammatory and antihyper- properties in heavy menstrual bleeding and in diarrhea. The lipidemic properties. Oleanolic acid is marketed in China as leaves also have been used as a substitute for green tea and an oral drug for human liver disorders.21 in making liqueurs. Both the flowers and berries act as diuretics and can be used to treat kidney problems and THERAPEUTIC ACTIONS dropsy.2 Recently, the flower has been widely used as a Cardiac Activity: Hawthorn extracts prepared from heart tonic. While research suggests that the flower contains leaves and flowers were investigated for their effects on more cardioactive components than do the berries, total contraction, energy turnover, and the apparent refractory extracts of both have been recommended to treat cardiac period in isolated cardiac myocytes from an adult rat heart. failure, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, The hawthorn extract exhibited a positive inotropic effect angina pectoris, and a variety of geriatric conditions. accompanied by a moderate increase of oxygen consump- Chinese medicine employs the berries of C. pinnatifida as a tion.22 This research compared the hawthorn extract with digestive and circulatory stimulent. other known positive inotropic drugs, such as the beta- adrenergic agonist isoprenaline or the cardiac glycoside CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PHARMACOLOGY ouabain (gamma-strophantin); the effects of the hawthorn Flowers and leaves contain mixtures of chlorogenic acid extract were significantly more economical with respect to and flavonoids such as quercin, hyperoside (quercetin 3- the energy of the myocytes. Furthermore, the extract galactoside), vitexin and vitexin 4'-rhamnoside.4,5 prolonged the apparent refractory period in the presence Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid have some analgesic and absence of isoprenaline, which was indicative of an effects.6,7 Quercetin has multiple actions: antiarrhythmic, antiarrhythmic action as well. antihepatotoxic and inhibitor of cAMP-phosphodies.8-10 Guinea pig hearts also were used to compare the influ- Other flavonoids identified in Crataegus species are lute- ence of Crataegus extract to that of other inotropic drugs, 10 COMMUNICATION JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2001 such as epinephrine, milrinon and digoxin. Different func- IN A STUDY UTILIZING HAWTHORN AND OTHER HERBS, tional parameters were measured, focusing on the effective 87% OF TREATED SUBJECTS HAD LOWER TOTAL SERUM refractory period of the myocardium.23 Several cardiac CHOLESTEROL parameters were measured to test the effect of the extract on Another placebo-controlled, double-blind study involved the refractory period. All of the drugs except the Crataegus 30 patients aged 50 to 70 years, who had New York Heart extract shortened the effective refractory period in a concen- Association classification stage II cardiac insufficiency. tration-dependent manner. However, the Crataegus extract Subjects were treated with either 80 mg dry extract or prolonged the effective refractory period by a maximum of placebo twice a day for 8 weeks. Physical parameters tested 10%. patients’ performances on a standardized bicycle exercise The main flavonoids of Crataegus species were tested on program and evaluated responses to a questionnaire regard- isolated guinea pig heart. O-glycosides, luteolin-7-glucoside, ing patients’ assessments of their conditions. The active hyperoside and rutin increased the coronary flow (186%, substance group showed a statistically significant improve- 66%, and 66%, respectively) and the relaxation velocity. A ment (p < 0.05) over the placebo group. No adverse effects slight, positive inotropic effect and a rise in the heart rate were observed.27 were also seen.9 The C-glycosides—vitexin, vitexin-rhamno- The efficacy of 60 mg of standardized Crataegus extract side and monoacetyl-vitexin-rhamnoside—had similar, but was tested in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical less dramatic, effects. A possible beta-adrenergic effect of the study involving 36 multimorbid elderly patients (62–84 glycosides was eliminated by propranolol treatment. Also, years of age) suffering from decreasing cardiac perform- 28 reserpine did not influence the myocardial action of hypero- ance. Hemodynamic data were measured before and after side. These results and former experiments showed that an exercise, and the patients’ subjective well-being was inhibition of 3', 5'-cAMP phosphodiesterase may be under- assessed. The pressure heart rate product (a measure of lying the possible mechanism of the glycosides of the cardiac stress) significantly decreased under the active species. substance both in exercise and recovery phase; the blood pressure and heart rate also dropped. Fewer prematurely Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is released from damaged terminated exercise sessions also indicated the patients’ heart cells and is used as a marker of myocardial injury well-being, including psychological parameters. following myocardial infarction. Rats were treated for three In a meta-analysis of eight clinical studies evaluating months with C. oxyacantha. When the coronary effluent heart failure, Crataegus extract improved both objective and was sampled for LDH content, the Crataegus group showed subjective symptoms. The researchers concluded that significantly lower LDH activity after reperfusion, indicat- hawthorn is safe and an effective therapeutic alternative for ing a preservation effect on the plasma membrane and the treatment of heart failure.29 protection from myocardial damage.24 Hypotensive Action: A water-alcoholic extract of a The effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and Crataegus procyanidin isolated from C. oxyacantha has been tested on were examined on isoprenaline-induced heart, liver and cats. An injected dosage of 3 mg/kg lowered the blood pres- pancreas damage in rats.25 Hawthorn extract in combination sure of the cats from 160 to 110 mmHg.30 Stepka and with garlic powder showed protective effects in a dose- Winters investigated 39 known Crataegus species and found dependent manner. Clinical signs, histological and 15 with mild to significant hypotensive activity.31 histoenzymatical findings, and determination of activities of Myocardial blood flow and arterial blood pressure were succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), NADH-NBT reductase, tested on nonanesthetized dogs and anesthetized cats. Oral acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase administration of Crataegus (12–70 mg/kg) in the dogs and (G-6-DPH) were evaluated. Heart, hepatic and pancreatic an injection of 15–35 mg/kg in the cats led to a significant tissue pretreated with 0.5 g/kg Allium sativum and 0.3 increase in blood flow for several hours depending on the g/kg Crataegus showed a marked protective effect against dose. A maximum 70% increase over resting flow was tissue necrosis. Evaluation of hepatic and heart SDH in reached in the dogs. In cats, a similar result was associated isoprenaline-treated animals given the drug combination with a slight decrease in arterial blood pressure.32 mentioned above yielded significant enhancement of Hypolipidemic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • INVESTIGATION of NATURAL PRODUCT SCAFFOLDS for the DEVELOPMENT of OPIOID RECEPTOR LIGANDS by Katherine M
    INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL PRODUCT SCAFFOLDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPIOID RECEPTOR LIGANDS By Katherine M. Prevatt-Smith Submitted to the graduate degree program in Medicinal Chemistry and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _________________________________ Chairperson: Dr. Thomas E. Prisinzano _________________________________ Dr. Brian S. J. Blagg _________________________________ Dr. Michael F. Rafferty _________________________________ Dr. Paul R. Hanson _________________________________ Dr. Susan M. Lunte Date Defended: July 18, 2012 The Dissertation Committee for Katherine M. Prevatt-Smith certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL PRODUCT SCAFFOLDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPIOID RECEPTOR LIGANDS _________________________________ Chairperson: Dr. Thomas E. Prisinzano Date approved: July 18, 2012 ii ABSTRACT Kappa opioid (KOP) receptors have been suggested as an alternative target to the mu opioid (MOP) receptor for the treatment of pain because KOP activation is associated with fewer negative side-effects (respiratory depression, constipation, tolerance, and dependence). The KOP receptor has also been implicated in several abuse-related effects in the central nervous system (CNS). KOP ligands have been investigated as pharmacotherapies for drug abuse; KOP agonists have been shown to modulate dopamine concentrations in the CNS as well as attenuate the self-administration of cocaine in a variety of species, and KOP antagonists have potential in the treatment of relapse. One drawback of current opioid ligand investigation is that many compounds are based on the morphine scaffold and thus have similar properties, both positive and negative, to the parent molecule. Thus there is increasing need to discover new chemical scaffolds with opioid receptor activity.
    [Show full text]
  • An HPLC-DAD Method to Quantify Flavonoids in Sonchus Arvensis and Able to Classify the Plant Parts and Their Geographical Area Through Principal Component Analysis
    separations Article An HPLC-DAD Method to Quantify Flavonoids in Sonchus arvensis and Able to Classify the Plant Parts and Their Geographical Area through Principal Component Analysis Rifki Husnul Khuluk 1 , Amalia Yunita 1, Eti Rohaeti 1,2, Utami Dyah Syafitri 2,3, Roza Linda 4, Lee Wah Lim 5, Toyohide Takeuchi 5 and Mohamad Rafi 1,2,* 1 Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, IPB University, Jalan Tanjung Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; [email protected] (R.H.K.); [email protected] (A.Y.); [email protected] (E.R.) 2 Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Research and Community Empowerment Institute, IPB University, Jalan Taman Kencana No. 3 Kampus IPB Taman Kencana, Bogor 16128, Indonesia; [email protected] 3 Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, IPB University, Jalan Meranti Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia 4 Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Education, Riau University, Jalan Pekanbaru-Bangkinang KM 12.5 Kampus Bina Widya, Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia; [email protected] 5 Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; [email protected] (L.W.L.); [email protected] (T.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +62-2518624567 Abstract: A simple and efficient method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of eight flavonoids (orientin, hyperoside, rutin, myricetin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin) in Sonchus arvensis by high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Citation: Khuluk, R.H.; Yunita, A.; This method was utilized to differentiate S.
    [Show full text]
  • Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Dietary Flavonoid Hyperoside Using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae As a Model
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Lincoln University Research Archive molecules Article Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Dietary Flavonoid Hyperoside Using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae as a Model Yuting Gao 1,†, Lianying Fang 1,†, Xiangxing Wang 1, Ruoni Lan 1, Meiyan Wang 1, Gang Du 1, Wenqiang Guan 1, Jianfu Liu 1, Margaret Brennan 2, Hongxing Guo 3, Charles Brennan 1,2,* and Hui Zhao 1,* 1 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; [email protected] (Y.G.); fl[email protected] (L.F.); [email protected] (X.W.); [email protected] (R.L.); [email protected] (M.W.); [email protected] (G.D.); [email protected] (W.G.); [email protected] (J.L.) 2 Centre for Food Research and Innovation, Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Bioscience, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand; [email protected] 3 The Third Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Jintang Road, Hedong, Tianjin 300170, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (C.B.); [email protected] (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-22-26686254 (H.Z. & C.B.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 24 January 2019; Accepted: 21 February 2019; Published: 22 February 2019 Abstract: Oxidative stress leads to various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer. The dietary flavonol glycoside, hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-galactoside), exerts health benefits by preventing oxidative damage. To further understand its antioxidative defence mechanisms, we systemically investigated the regulation of hyperoside on oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide, carbon tetrachloride, and cadmium in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    [Show full text]
  • USP Reference Standards Catalog
    Last Updated On: January 6, 2016 USP Reference Standards Catalog Catalog # Description Current Lot Previous Lot CAS # NDC # Unit Price Special Restriction 1000408 Abacavir Sulfate R028L0 F1L487 (12/16) 188062-50-2 $222.00 (200 mg) 1000419 Abacavir Sulfate F0G248 188062-50-2 $692.00 Racemic (20 mg) (4-[2-amino-6-(cyclo propylamino)-9H-pur in-9yl]-2-cyclopenten e-1-methanol sulfate (2:1)) 1000420 Abacavir Related F1L311 F0H284 (10/13) 124752-25-6 $692.00 Compound A (20 mg) ([4-(2,6-diamino-9H- purin-9-yl)cyclopent- 2-enyl]methanol) 1000437 Abacavir Related F0M143 N/A $692.00 Compound D (20 mg) (N6-Cyclopropyl-9-{( 1R,4S)-4-[(2,5-diami no-6-chlorpyrimidin- 4-yloxy)methyl] cyclopent-2-enyl}-9H -purine-2,6-diamine) 1000441 Abacavir Related F1L318 F0H283 (10/13) N/A $692.00 Compound B (20 mg) ([4-(2,5-diamino-6-c Page 1 Last Updated On: January 6, 2016 USP Reference Standards Catalog Catalog # Description Current Lot Previous Lot CAS # NDC # Unit Price Special Restriction hloropyrimidin-4-yla mino)cyclopent-2-en yl]methanol) 1000452 Abacavir Related F1L322 F0H285 (09/13) 172015-79-1 $692.00 Compound C (20 mg) ([(1S,4R)-4-(2-amino -6-chloro-9H-purin-9 -yl)cyclopent-2-enyl] methanol hydrochloride) 1000485 Abacavir Related R039P0 F0J094 (11/16) N/A $692.00 Compounds Mixture (15 mg) 1000496 Abacavir F0J102 N/A $692.00 Stereoisomers Mixture (15 mg) 1000500 Abacavir System F0J097 N/A $692.00 Suitability Mixture (15 mg) 1000521 Acarbose (200 mg) F0M160 56180-94-0 $222.00 (COLD SHIPMENT REQUIRED) 1000532 Acarbose System F0L204 N/A $692.00 Suitability
    [Show full text]
  • Roth 04 Pharmther Plant Derived Psychoactive Compounds.Pdf
    Pharmacology & Therapeutics 102 (2004) 99–110 www.elsevier.com/locate/pharmthera Screening the receptorome to discover the molecular targets for plant-derived psychoactive compounds: a novel approach for CNS drug discovery Bryan L. Rotha,b,c,d,*, Estela Lopezd, Scott Beischeld, Richard B. Westkaempere, Jon M. Evansd aDepartment of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, OH, USA bDepartment of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, OH, USA cDepartment of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, OH, USA dNational Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, OH, USA eDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA Abstract Because psychoactive plants exert profound effects on human perception, emotion, and cognition, discovering the molecular mechanisms responsible for psychoactive plant actions will likely yield insights into the molecular underpinnings of human consciousness. Additionally, it is likely that elucidation of the molecular targets responsible for psychoactive drug actions will yield validated targets for CNS drug discovery. This review article focuses on an unbiased, discovery-based approach aimed at uncovering the molecular targets responsible for psychoactive drug actions wherein the main active ingredients of psychoactive plants are screened at the ‘‘receptorome’’ (that portion of the proteome encoding receptors). An overview of the receptorome is given and various in silico, public-domain resources are described. Newly developed tools for the in silico mining of data derived from the National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program’s (NIMH-PDSP) Ki Database (Ki DB) are described in detail.
    [Show full text]
  • Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia Coli for Natural Product Biosynthesis
    Trends in Biotechnology Special Issue: Metabolic Engineering Review Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for Natural Product Biosynthesis Dongsoo Yang,1,4 Seon Young Park,1,4 Yae Seul Park,1 Hyunmin Eun,1 and Sang Yup Lee1,2,3,∗ Natural products are widely employed in our daily lives as food additives, Highlights pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetic ingredients, among others. E. coli has emerged as a prominent host However, their supply has often been limited because of low-yield extraction for natural product biosynthesis. from natural resources such as plants. To overcome this problem, metabolically Escherichia coli Improved enzymes with higher activity, engineered has emerged as a cell factory for natural product altered substrate specificity, and product biosynthesis because of many advantages including the availability of well- selectivity can be obtained by structure- established tools and strategies for metabolic engineering and high cell density based or computer simulation-based culture, in addition to its high growth rate. We review state-of-the-art metabolic protein engineering. E. coli engineering strategies for enhanced production of natural products in , Balancing the expression levels of genes together with representative examples. Future challenges and prospects of or pathway modules is effective in natural product biosynthesis by engineered E. coli are also discussed. increasing the metabolic flux towards target compounds. E. coli as a Cell Factory for Natural Product Biosynthesis System-wide analysis of metabolic Natural products have been widely used in food and medicine in human history. Many of these networks, omics analysis, adaptive natural products have been developed as pharmaceuticals or employed as structural backbones laboratory evolution, and biosensor- based screening can further increase for the development of new drugs [1], and also as food and cosmetic ingredients.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Italian Green Tea, A
    horticulturae Article Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Italian Green Tea, a New High Quality Niche Product Nicole Mélanie Falla, Sonia Demasi , Matteo Caser * and Valentina Scariot Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; [email protected] (N.M.F.); [email protected] (S.D.); [email protected] (V.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-011-670-8935 Abstract: The hot beverage commonly known as tea results from the infusion of dried leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze. Ranking second only to water for its consumption worldwide, it has always been appreciated since antiquity for its aroma, taste characteristics, and beneficial effects on human health. There are many different processed tea types, including green tea, a non-fermented tea which, due to oxidation prevention maintains the structure of the bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols; these bioactive compounds show a number of benefits for the human health. The main producers of tea are China and India, followed by Kenya, Sri Lanka, Turkey, and Vietnam, however recently new countries are entering the market, with quality niche productions, among which also Italy. The present research aimed to assess the bioactive compounds (polyphenols) and the antioxidant activity of two green teas (the “Camellia d’Oro” tea—TCO, and the “Compagnia del Lago” tea—TCL) produced in Italy, in the Lake Maggiore district, where nurserymen have recently started to cultivate C. sinensis. In this area the cultivation of acidophilic plants as Citation: Falla, N.M.; Demasi, S.; ornamentals has been known since around 1820.
    [Show full text]
  • Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols from Epilobium Angustifolium (Fireweed)
    Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols from Epilobium Angustifolium (Fireweed) Authors: Igor A. Schepetkin, Andrew G. Ramstead, Liliya N. Kirpotina, Jovanka M. Voyich, Mark A. Jutila, and Mark T. Quinn This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Schepetkin, IA, AG Ramstead, LN Kirpotina, JM Voyich, MA Jutila, and MT Quinn. "Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols from Epilobium Angustifolium (Fireweed)." Phytotherapy Research 30, no. 8 (May 2016): 1287-1297.], which has been published in final form at https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5648. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. Made available through Montana State University’s ScholarWorks scholarworks.montana.edu Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols from Epilobium Angustifolium (Fireweed) Igor A. Schepetkin, Andrew G. Ramstead, Liliya N. Kirpotina, Jovanka M. Voyich, Mark A. Jutila and Mark T. Quinn* Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA Epilobium angustifolium is a medicinal plant used around the world in traditional medicine for the treatment of many disorders and ailments. Experimental studies have demonstrated that Epilobium extracts possess a broad range of pharmacological and therapeutic effects, including antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, an- tibacterial, and anti-aging properties. Flavonoids and ellagitannins, such as oenothein B, are among the com- pounds considered to be the primary biologically active components in Epilobium extracts. In this review, we focus on the biological properties and the potential clinical usefulness of oenothein B, flavonoids, and other poly- phenols derived from E. angustifolium. Understanding the biochemical properties and therapeutic effects of polyphenols present in E.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis in the Determination of Active Compounds in Medicinal Plants and Pharmaceutical Formulations
    molecules Review Recent Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis in the Determination of Active Compounds in Medicinal Plants and Pharmaceutical Formulations Marcin Gackowski 1,* , Anna Przybylska 1 , Stefan Kruszewski 2 , Marcin Koba 1 , Katarzyna M ˛adra-Gackowska 3 and Artur Bogacz 4 1 Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, A. Jurasza 2 Street, PL–85089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; [email protected] (A.P.); [email protected] (M.K.) 2 Biophysics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Jagiello´nska13 Street, PL–85067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; [email protected] 3 Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Skłodowskiej Curie 9 Street, PL–85094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; [email protected] 4 Department of Otolaryngology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Skłodowskiej Curie 9 Street, PL–85094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; [email protected] Citation: Gackowski, M.; Przybylska, * Correspondence: [email protected] A.; Kruszewski, S.; Koba, M.; M ˛adra-Gackowska,K.; Bogacz, A. Abstract: The present review summarizes scientific reports from between 2010 and 2019 on the use Recent Applications of Capillary of capillary electrophoresis to quantify active constituents (i.e., phenolic compounds, coumarins, Electrophoresis in the Determination protoberberines, curcuminoids, iridoid glycosides, alkaloids, triterpene acids) in medicinal plants and of Active Compounds in Medicinal herbal formulations. The present literature review is founded on PRISMA guidelines and selection Plants and Pharmaceutical criteria were formulated on the basis of PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Formulations.
    [Show full text]
  • Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Acacia Saligna and Lawsonia Inermis Natural Populations
    plants Article Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Acacia saligna and Lawsonia inermis Natural Populations Hosam O. Elansary 1,2,3,* , Agnieszka Szopa 4,* , Paweł Kubica 4 , Halina Ekiert 4, Fahed A. Al-Mana 1 and Mohammed A. Al-Yafrsi 1 1 Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (F.A.A.-M.); [email protected] (M.A.A.-Y.) 2 Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt 3 Department of Geography, Environmental Management, and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; [email protected] (P.K.); [email protected] (H.E.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.O.E.); [email protected] (A.S.); Tel.: +966-581216322 (H.O.E.); +48-12-6205436 (A.S.) Received: 7 July 2020; Accepted: 15 July 2020; Published: 17 July 2020 Abstract: Acacia saligna and Lawsonia inermis natural populations growing in Northern Saudi Arabia might be a valuable source of polyphenols with potent biological activities. Using high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), several polyphenols were detected tentatively in considerable amounts in the methanolic leaf extracts of A. saligna and L. inermis. A. saligna mainly contained rutoside, hyperoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, gallic acid and p-coumaric acid, whereas those of L. inermis contained apigenin 5-glucoside, apigetrin and gallic acid.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2019/077407 Al 25 April 2019 (25.04.2019) W 1P O PCT
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization I International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2019/077407 Al 25 April 2019 (25.04.2019) W 1P O PCT (51) International Patent Classification: TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, A61K 36/886 (2006.01) A61K 36/739 (2006.01) EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, ΓΕ , IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, A61K 36/708 (2006.01) A6IK 36/82 (2006.01) MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, A61K 36/185 (2006.01) A6IK 36/59 (2006.01) TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, A61K 36/756 (2006.01) A61P 13/08 (2006.01) KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). A61K 36/47 (2006.01) A61P 15/00 (2006.01) A61K 36/28 (2006.01) A61P 35/00 (2006.01) Published: A61K 36/24 (2006.01) — with international search report (Art. 21(3)) — before the expiration of the time limit for amending the (21) International Application Number: claims and to be republished in the event of receipt of PCT/TB2018/001296 amendments (Rule 48.2(h)) (22) International Filing Date: 18 October 2018 (18. 10.2018) (25) Filing Language: English (26) Publication Language: English (30) Priority Data: 62/574,440 19 October 2017 (19. 10.2017) U S (71) Applicant: YALE UNIVERSITY [US/US]; Two Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 065 11 (US). (72) Inventors: CHENG, Yung-Chi; 961 Baldwin Road, Woodbridge, CT 06525 (US).
    [Show full text]
  • Flavonoids from Agrimonia Pilosa Ledeb
    molecules Article Flavonoids from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb: Free Radical Scavenging and DNA Oxidative Damage Protection Activities and Analysis of Bioactivity-Structure Relationship Based on Molecular and Electronic Structures Liancai Zhu 1,*, Jinqiu Chen 1, Jun Tan 2,*, Xi Liu 2 and Bochu Wang 1 1 Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; [email protected] (J.C.); [email protected] (B.W.) 2 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological & Chemical engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.Z.); [email protected] (J.T.); Tel.: +86-23-6511-2840 (L.Z.) Academic Editor: Derek J. McPhee Received: 10 December 2016; Accepted: 19 January 2017; Published: 26 February 2017 Abstract: To clarify the substantial basis of the excellent antioxidant capacity of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. Fourteen flavonoids were isolated and identified from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb, seven of which have notable DPPH radical scavenging activities, i.e., catechin, luteolin, quercetin, quercitrin, hyperoside, rutin, luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside with IC50 values of 5.06, 7.29, 4.36, 7.12, 6.34, 6.36 and 8.12 µM, respectively. The DNA nicking assay showed that five flavonoids from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb—taxifolin, catechin, hyperoside, quercitrin and rutin—have good protective activity against DNA oxidative damage. Further, we analyzed the bioactivity-structure relationship of these 14 flavonoids by applying quantum theory. According to their O-H bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), C ring’s spin density and stable molecular structure, the relationship between their structures and radical scavenging capacities was evaluated and clarified.
    [Show full text]