One Hundred Years of the Portuguese Communist Party

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

One Hundred Years of the Portuguese Communist Party H-Portugal (CFP) One hundred years of the Portuguese Communist Party Discussion published by Diana Barbosa on Wednesday, April 14, 2021 Type: Call for Papers Date: July 15, 2021 Location: Portugal Subject Fields: Contemporary History, European History / Studies, Political History / Studies, Spanish and Portuguese History / Studies, Social History / Studies One hundred years of the Portuguese Communist Party Lisbon, 5 and 6 November 2021 To mark the 100-year anniversary of the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) the Institute of Contemporary at NOVA FCSH, will hold an International Colloquium, which aims to bring together a diverse set of views from researchers, regarding the oldest functioning party in the country. PCP’s history spans several distinct historic periods, being irrevocably connected to Portugal’s history in the last one hundred years. Throughout the decades, it witnessed a military dictatorship, Estado Novo (a fascist regime), the 25th of April revolution and the revolutionary period that ensued, the genesis of the 1976 constitution and its disputed revisions, and finally the period between Portugal’s integration in the European Union and the present day. Through all of this, the party had ups and downs. Its evolution echoes a vast portion of the twentieth century as well as the complexities and challenges of our time. Having been pivotal in the resistance to a dictatorship and in the establishment of a democracy, the party is controversial as a “living being” but of vast importance to History and interest to Human and Social Sciences in general. This is our viewpoint on this matter. The fields of History and Political Science have been the main sources of studies on communism in Portugal, though other approaches have been rehearsed in larger or smaller scales. All standpoints on the subject have its merits and interest, from Sociology to Psychology, from Anthropology to Linguistics. In that sense, we call for all scientific contributions aiming at a plural and multidisciplinary dialog. Proposals should be sent to the following address: [email protected] and must be submitted until the 15th of July 2021 with the following elements: Citation: Diana Barbosa. (CFP) One hundred years of the Portuguese Communist Party. H-Portugal. 04-14-2021. https://networks.h-net.org/node/11273/discussions/7570346/cfp-one-hundred-years-portuguese-communist-party Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. 1 H-Portugal – Title – Abstract up to 3000 characters (including spaces) – Brief biographical note of the author up to 1500 characters (including spaces) The results will be communicated until the 31st of July 2021. >> Download the PDF (PT/EN/ES) << Scientific Committee Fernando Rosas (IHC — NOVA FCSH) João Arsénio Nunes, (CEI-IUL) João Madeira (IHC — NOVA FCSH) José Manuel Lopes Cordeiro (ICS-UM) José Neves (IHC — NOVA FCSH) Manuel Loff (IHC — NOVA FCSH; FLUP) Paula Godinho (IHC — NOVA FCSH) Silvestre Lacerda (ANTT-DGLAB) Organising Committee Adelino Cunha (IHC — NOVA FCSH) Ana Sofia Ferreira (IHC — NOVA FCSH) André Pina (ISUP — FLUP) Carlos Beirão de Oliveira (IHC — NOVA FCSH) Cristina Nogueira (IHC — NOVA FCSH) João Madeira (IHC — NOVA FCSH) Vanessa de Almeida (IHC — NOVA FCSH) Contact Email: [email protected] URL: https://ihc.fcsh.unl.pt/en/events/one-hundred-years-pcp/ Citation: Diana Barbosa. (CFP) One hundred years of the Portuguese Communist Party. H-Portugal. 04-14-2021. https://networks.h-net.org/node/11273/discussions/7570346/cfp-one-hundred-years-portuguese-communist-party Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. 2.
Recommended publications
  • Meeting the Challenge of Crisis and Opportunity Left Refoundation and Party Building
    Meeting the Challenge of Crisis and Opportunity Left Refoundation and Party Building About this paper: The Party-Building Commission The slogan of Left Refoundation arises out of our of Freedom Road Socialist Organization takes assessment of the ideological and structural crisis pleasure in circulating the following paper. Like among Leftists here in the U.S. and other parts of other socialist organizations, since its inception, the world. Four major occurrences define this crisis: Freedom Road has looked for opportunities to com- (1) The crisis of socialism, which predates the bine our own organizing with opportunities for collapse of the Soviet Union strengthening the unity and coherence of socialist efforts overall. We endorse the themes presented (2) The dismantling of the welfare state, here as an important part of our efforts in this gen- (3) The crisis of national liberation movements, eral direction. Members of our organization from and several cities worked on this paper over the last year and a half. We also appreciate the invaluable (4) The rise of neoliberalism. comments of friends and co-workers from other or- All four are connected. The rise of neoliberalism and ganizations who have seen this in draft and helped the crisis of socialism are intertwined with the de- shape it. We don't see this as the final word on the struction of the welfare state and the crisis of na- way forward for the socialist left. Nor do we even tional liberation movements. This crisis is an ideo- see it as the first word, since others have also grap- logical and structural vacuum in which words such pled with similar issues throughout this past decade.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Communist Party Absorbs More of the State
    March 23, 2018 China’s Communist Party Absorbs More of the State In March 2018, China’s national legislature, the National usual two terms. Xi’s second term in his Party posts is People’s Congress (NPC), approved amendments to scheduled to end in 2022, and his second term as president China’s state constitution, including the elimination of term is scheduled to end in March 2023. limits for the positions of President and Vice President. The NPC also supported the creation of a new anti-graft agency, Many analysts warn that by undermining China’s efforts to approved a reorganization of government agencies, create norms around the orderly transfer of power, the installed a new lineup of state and NPC leaders, and removal of term limits could increase the risk of a future endorsed economic and other targets. On March 21, 2018, destabilizing succession crisis in the world’s second-largest immediately after the NPC session closed, the Communist economy. Some U.S. observers have expressed cautious Party released a document outlining a broad re-organization hope that with the prospect of staying in power indefinitely, of large parts of China’s political system, including the President Xi may feel he has a freer hand to pursue needed Party. The events served to strengthen the position of economic reforms. Others have expressed concern that Xi Communist Party General Secretary and State President Xi could pursue an even more assertive foreign policy. Jinping, to expand the Communist Party of China’s already dominant role in China’s political life, and to give the Party Strengthening the Constitutional Basis for more tools to pursue its nationalist agenda.
    [Show full text]
  • Portugal, Slovakia, and the Political Counter- Reformation of the Twentieth Century (1910- 1939)
    23 ZuZana Poláčková – Pieter C. van Duin Portugal, Slovakia, and the political Counter- reformation of the twentieth century (1910- 1939) This essay tries to make a comparative analysis of the political dynamics of Portugal and Slovakia in the first half of the twentieth century (1910-1939) in terms of the significance of conservative political Catholicism. The two countries belonged to a group of nations in Europe in which there was a strong reaction to political liberalism, progressive republicanism, cultural secularism, and socialism. This an- tagonism can arguably be seen as a modern continuation of the historic conflict between the Protestant and humanist Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation. Its twentieth-century manifestation was of course somewhat different from the original sixteenth- and seventeenth-century conflict. After the eighteenth century the historic force of anti-Catholic Reformation was mainly expressed in the form of intellectual Enlightenment, anti-clericalism, and social and cultural progressivism. But it would seem that in many ways the dynamics and aggressive energy of this great cultural confrontation was continued during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, although in a modified ideological and political shape. The years between 1910 and 1940 were the period when the conflict between political progressivism and Catholic conservatism reached its culmination. In Portugal the forces of cultural secularism and liberal republicanism were defeated by the new authoritarian regime led by Salazar. In Slovakia the foundation and then the end of the First Czechoslovak Republic brought the rise and then the victory of the Catho- lic opposition movement, the Slovak People’s Party of Andrej Hlinka and Jozef Tiso.
    [Show full text]
  • USA and RADICAL ORGANIZATIONS, 1953-1960 FBI Reports from the Eisenhower Library
    A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of Research Collections in American Radicalism General Editors: Mark Naison and Maurice Isserman THE COMMUNIST PARTY USA AND RADICAL ORGANIZATIONS, 1953-1960 FBI Reports from the Eisenhower Library UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of Research Collections in American Radicalism General Editors: Mark Naison and Maurice Isserman THE COMMUNIST PARTY, USA, AND RADICAL ORGANIZATIONS, 1953-1960 FBI Reports from the Eisenhower Library Project Coordinator and Guide Compiled by Robert E. Lester A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Communist Party, USA, and radical organizations, 1953-1960 [microform]: FBI reports from the Eisenhower Library / project coordinator, Robert E. Lester. microfilm reels. - (Research collections in American radicalism) Accompanied by printed reel guide compiled by Robert E. Lester. ISBN 1-55655-195-9 (microfilm) 1. Communism-United States--History--Sources--Bibltography-- Microform catalogs. 2. Communist Party of the United States of America~History~Sources~Bibliography~Microform catalogs. 3. Radicalism-United States-History-Sources-Bibliography-- Microform catalogs. 4. United States-Politics and government-1953-1961 -Sources-Bibliography-Microform catalogs. 5. Microforms-Catalogs. I. Lester, Robert. II. Communist Party of the United States of America. III. United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. IV. Series. [HX83] 324.27375~dc20 92-14064 CIP The documents reproduced in this publication are among the records of the White House Office, Office of the Special Assistant for National Security Affairs in the custody of the Eisenhower Library, National Archives and Records Administration.
    [Show full text]
  • PROOF Contents
    PROOF Contents Acknowledgements viii 1 Survival and Renewal: The 1990s 1 2 Regroupment: Establishing a European Movement 29 3 The Party of the European Left 46 4 Diverse Trends: An Overview 66 5 A Successful Model? Die Linke (the Left Party – Germany) 83 6 How Have the Mighty Fallen: Partito della Rifondazione Comunista (Party of Communist Refoundation – Italy) 99 7 Back from the Brink: French Communism (Parti Communiste Français) Re-orientates 116 8 Communism Renewed and Supported: The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (the Czech Republic) 132 9 The Scandinavian Left 147 10 The European Left and the Global Left: 1999–2009 163 Notes 192 Index 204 vii PROOF 1 Survival and Renewal: The 1990s Almost two decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall, on the occasion of the German federal elections in September 2009, the International Herald Tribune marked the electoral victory of the German right with the headline, ‘Is socialism dying?’1 The German Social Democratic Party or the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD) took 23% of the votes – its lowest poll since the Second World War – just months after the European elections registered a poor performance from left- wing candidates across the European Union (EU). As the article went on to observe, ‘Even in the midst of one of the greatest challenges to capitalism in 75 years, involving a breakdown of the financial sys- tem because of “irrational exuberance”, greed and the weakness of regulatory systems, European socialists and their leftist cousins have not found a compelling response, let alone taken advantage of the failures of the right.’ There is no doubt that across Europe the failure of the social demo- cratic parties to present a ‘compelling response’ to the economic crisis has led to a wave of electoral setbacks.
    [Show full text]
  • TRANSNATIONAL PARTY ACTIVITY and PORTUGAL's RELATIONS with the EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
    TRANSNATIONAL PARTY ACTIVITY and PORTUGAL'S RELATIONS WITH THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY Juliet Antunes Sablosky Georgetown University Paper Prepared for Delivery at the Fourth Biennial International Conference of The European Community Studies Association May 11-14, 1995 Charleston, South Carolina This paper analyzes the interaction of the domestic and international systems during Portugal's transition to democracy in the 1970's. It focuses on the role which the European Community played in the process of democratization there, using transnational party activity as a prism through which to study the complex set of domestic and international variables at work in that process. The paper responds to the growing interest in the role of the European Community as a political actor, particularly in its efforts to support democratization in aspiring member states. The Portuguese case, one of the first in which the EC played such a role, offers new insights into how EC related party activity can affect policy-making at national and international levels. The case study centers on the Portuguese Socialist Party (PS) and its relationship with the socialist parties1 in EC member states, with the Confederation of the Socialist Parties of the European Community and the Socialist Group in the European Parliament. Its central thesis is that transnational party activity affected not only EC policy making in regard to Portugal, but had demonstrable effects on the domestic political system as well. Using both interdependence and linkages theory as its base, the paper builds on earlier work by Geoffrey Pridham (1990, 1991), Laurence Whitehead (1986, 1991) and others, on the EC's role in democratization in Southern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Civil Rights Congress As a Communist Front Organization
    X Union Calendar No. 575 80th Congress, 1st Session House Report No. 1115 REPORT ON CIVIL RIGHTS CONGRESS AS A COMMUNIST FRONT ORGANIZATION INVESTIGATION OF UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ^ EIGHTIETH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION Public Law 601 (Section 121, Subsection Q (2)) Printed for the use of the Committee on Un-American Activities SEPTEMBER 2, 1947 'VU November 17, 1947.— Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1947 ^4-,JH COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES J. PARNELL THOMAS, New Jersey, Chairman KARL E. MUNDT, South Dakota JOHN S. WOOD, Georgia JOHN Mcdowell, Pennsylvania JOHN E. RANKIN, Mississippi RICHARD M. NIXON, California J. HARDIN PETERSON, Florida RICHARD B. VAIL, Illinois HERBERT C. BONNER, North Carolina Robert E. Stripling, Chief Inrestigator Benjamin MAi^Dt^L. Director of Research Union Calendar No. 575 SOth Conokess ) HOUSE OF KEriiEfcJENTATIVES j Report 1st Session f I1 No. 1115 REPORT ON CIVIL RIGHTS CONGRESS AS A COMMUNIST FRONT ORGANIZATION November 17, 1917. —Committed to the Committee on the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed Mr. Thomas of New Jersey, from the Committee on Un-American Activities, submitted the following REPORT REPORT ON CIVIL RIGHTS CONGRESS CIVIL RIGHTS CONGRESS 205 EAST FORTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK 17, N. T. Murray Hill 4-6640 February 15. 1947 HoNOR.\RY Co-chairmen Dr. Benjamin E. Mays Dr. Harry F. Ward Chairman of the board: Executive director: George Marshall Milton Kaufman Trea-surcr: Field director: Raymond C.
    [Show full text]
  • Slander, Ideological Differences, Or Academic Debate? the “Verão
    Slander, ideological differences, or academic debate? The “Verão Quente” of 2012 and the state of portuguese historiography Autor(es): Meneses, Filipe Ribeiro de Publicado por: Brown University; Universidade do Porto URL persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/25275 Accessed : 30-Sep-2021 09:03:48 A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em https://digitalis.uc.pt/pt-pt/termos. Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso. impactum.uc.pt digitalis.uc.pt Vol. 10 · n.º 1 · Summer 2012 Slander, Ideological Differences, or Academic Debate? The “Verão Quente” of 2012 and the State of Portuguese Historiography Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses1 Over the course of the summer of 2012 the Portuguese historical profession suffered a major blow to its image and reputation.
    [Show full text]
  • Fascist Modernist Landscapes: Wheat, Dams, Forests, and the Making of the Portuguese New State
    Tiago Saraiva Fascist Modernist Landscapes: Wheat, Dams, Forests, and the Making of the Portuguese New State Abstract Fascist ideology held strong claims about the relationship between national soil and national community. It has been less noticed that this “ideology of the land” materialized in massive state campaigns that led to major environmental changes. This article examines three such campaigns under- taken by the New State, Portugal’s fascist regime—the Wheat Campaign (1929), the Irrigation Plan (1935), and the Afforestation Plan (1938)—to demonstrate the importance of crops, dams, and forests to the institutionalization of fas- cism. It argues that paying attention to such topics, typical of environmental historians’ narratives, suggests that in- stead of characterizing fascist regimes through the paradox of reactionary modernism, in which the ideology of the land constitutes the reactionary element, it is more produc- tive to place intensive environmental management at the core of fascist modernist experiments. VC The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Environmental History and the Forest History Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected] Tiago Saraiva, “Fascist Modernist Landscapes: Wheat, Dams, Forests, and the Making of the Portuguese New State,” Environmental History 21 (2016): 54–75 doi: 10.1093/envhis/emv116 Fascist Modernist Landscapes 55 INTRODUCTION In 2011 John McNeill recommended that environmental historians should write “environmental histories of things other historians care about.”1 Fascism certainly qualifies, not only because of its political, economic, and cultural interest, but also because fascist regimes had clear environmental consequences.
    [Show full text]
  • C Fernando Rosas
    lisboa revolucionária Christopher Tyerman Fernando Rosas lisboa revolucionária 1908-1975 l i s b o a : tinta -da -china MMX agradecimentos Arquivo Municipal de Lisboa (CML) Hemeroteca Municipal de Lisboa Fundação Mário Soares Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo Lisboa chora dentro de Lisboa Lisboa tem palácios sentinelas. E fecham­‑se janelas quando voa Nas praças de Lisboa — branca e rota A blusa de seu povo — essa gaivota. Manuel Alegre O Canto e as Armas, Canto VIII, 1967 © 2007, Fernando Rosas e Edições tinta ‑da ‑china, Lda. Rua João de Freitas Branco, 35A 1500 ‑627 Lisboa Tels: 21 726 90 28/9 | Fax: 21 726 90 30 E ‑mail: [email protected] www.tintadachina.pt Título: Lisboa Revolucionária, 1908-1975 Autor: Fernando Rosas Pesquisa iconográfica: Ana Filipa Horta Revisão: Tinta ‑da ‑china Capa e composição: Tinta‑da‑china © Fotografia da capa: Carlos Gil Edição de bolso: 1.ª edição: Fevereiro de 2010 isbn 978‑989‑671‑025‑5 Depósito Legal n.º 305046/10 ÍNDICE 11 Agradecimentos 13 Lisboa, teatro de guerra 18 A capital de um país macrocéfalo 24 Do Terreiro do Paço às «Avenidas Novas» 30 A cidade operária e popular 37 Lisboa «ateia», «grevista» e «desordeira» 45 Cronologia comentada de uma guerra civil intermitente 56 1de Fevereiro de 1908: o regicídio 57 5 de Outubro de 1910: a Revolução Republicana 60 14 de Maio de 1915: a revolta contra Pimenta de Castro 65 5 de Dezembro de 1917: o golpe militar de Sidónio Pais 68 14 de Dezembro de 1918: o assassínio de Sidónio Pais 69 22­‑24 de Janeiro de 1919: o assalto
    [Show full text]
  • A Festa Do Avante! : Um Festival Igual Aos Outros?
    A Festa do Avante! : Um Festival Igual aos Outros? Marta Sofia Ferreira Nunes Leitão Pinheiro Trabalho de Projecto de Mestrado em Práticas Culturais para Municípios Abril de 2014 Trabalho de Projecto apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Práticas Culturais para Municípios realizado sob a orientação científica do Professor Doutor António Camões Gouveia e do Professor Doutor Carlos Vargas. i Declaro que este tese Trabalho de Projecto é o resultado da minha investigação pessoal e independente. O seu conteúdo é original e todas as fontes consultadas estão devidamente mencionadas no texto, nas notas e na bibliografia. O candidato, ____________________ Lisboa, .... de ............... de ............... Declaro que esta Dissertação / Relatório / Trabalho de Projecto se encontra em condições de ser apreciado pelo júri a designar. O(A) orientador(a), ____________________ Lisboa, .... de ............... de .............. ii Ao Hugo, eterno amigo iii Agradecimentos Ao Professor Doutor António Camões Gouveia e ao Professor Doutor Carlos Vargas, meus orientadores, quero deixar o meu maior agradecimento pela paciência e dedicação durante esta etapa. Estarei eternamente grata aos meus pais, por todo o investimento ao longo da minha formação, sem eles e o seu apoio não me teria sido possível chegar até aqui. À minha irmã e também amiga, Cátia, por todos os conselhos, sempre companheira ao longo de todo este percurso, e à restante família o meu especial carinho. O meu caloroso agradecimento a todos os meus amigos, por durante esta jornada terem demonstrado o seu apoio e compreensão. Em especial à Joana e ao Diogo meus companheiros de Avante! e de Biblioteca. E à Daniela e ao Vicente pela dedicação, críticas, troca de ideias, disponibilidade e preocupação.
    [Show full text]
  • Cristina Marques Nogueira Knowledge and the Experience Of
    Journal of Social Science Education ©JSSE 2015 Volume 14, Number 2, Summer 2015 DOI 10.2390/jsse-v14-i2-1427 Cristina Marques Nogueira Knowledge and the Experience of Women Living Underground During the Portuguese Dictatorship “A course of instruction will be the more successful the more its individual phases assume the character of experience” Hugo Von Hofmannsthal Buch der Freunde This paper assumes that formative processes are not limited to the school context or model but that other life contexts and experiences, even if not intentionally, have educational effects. These informal formative contexts and experiences can play a key role individual´s development, resulting not only in superficial changes, but also in deep changes in terms of subjectivity and identity. Our research involves clandestine militants of the Portuguese Communist Party during the dictatorship, and explores the type of knowledge acquired during their hiding experience (1940-1974) that allowed them to resist and survive over long periods. As our focus is the experience of women, based on narrative discourses of women (or about them) we will consider the role and status of women in hiding. The discourses were collected through several published autobiographical narratives and mainly interviews where we tried to identify the learning processes, the people seen as significant for knowledge acquisition, and also how knowing, knowing how to do and knowing how to be were constructed during living in hiding. Keywords: ascertainable based on a purely theoretical calculation"
    [Show full text]