DOCSLIB.ORG

Status of the Exercise Habits for Health in Turkish Population

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Status of the Exercise Habits for Health in Turkish Population Crimson Publishers Review Article Wings to the Research Status of the Exercise Habits for Health in Turkish Population: A General Review of the Turkish National Publications Erdem Subak* Department of Physical Education and Sports, Istanbul Esenyurt University, Turkey ISSN: 2577-1914 Abstract The number of studies on the positive effects of exercise on health is increasing day by day. The data show that 31.1% of adults in the world’s population are physically inactive. It has been shown that published51.6% of the in nationalAmerican publications. population Thismeet study aerobic aims activity to compile suggestions, research 29.3% on exercise fulfill muscle-strengthening and health, published inrecommendations national journals and in Turkey. 20.6% meetThus, both. this study In Turkey, will provide many types an overview of research of studies related on to healththis field and have exercise been in Turkey. Besides, in this study, the levels of exercise habits of people living, working, or studying in various cities of Turkey have been reviewed. Keywords: Exercise; Health; Turkey; Turkish population Introduction The information about the positive effects of exercise on health is increasing day by day. *Corresponding author: Erdem Subak, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Istanbul Esenyurt University, of exercise on many different diseases are also being investigated. American College of Sports While minimum exercise values are found for a healthy life, therapeutic and beneficial effects Istanbul 34513, Turkey Medicine (ACSM) recommends that all healthy adults aged 18-65 years should do 5 days a week, 30 minutes of moderate exercise, or 3 days a week, 20 minutes of vigorous exercise [1]. Submission: May 7, 2021 It has also been shown in many kinds of research that at least 10,000 steps per day should Published: May 20, 2021 Volume 7 - Issue 4 be taken for a healthy life [2,3]. Despite known lots of benefits of exercise, 31.1% of adults in the world’s population are physically inactive [4]. It has been shown that 51.6% of the How to cite this article: Erdem Subak. American population meet aerobic activity suggestions, 29.3% fulfill muscle-strengthening Status of the Exercise Habits for Health in people have died each year from bad diet and less exercise [6]. This review concentrated on Turkish Population: A General Review of the recommendations and 20.6% meet both [5]. It has also been reported in America that 300,000 the studies about exercise habits of the Turkish population based on Turkish publications. Turkish National Publications. Res Inves Sports Med, 7(4), RISM.000669. 2021. This study aims to reveal the general situation of health-related exercise studies in Turkey. DOI: 10.31031/RISM.2021.07.000669 Exercise Habitations Research in Turkey Copyright@ Erdem Subak. This article is It has been several studies on the exercise habits of various populations within Turkey. distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International A study on 542 students in Ad yaman University showed that 204 students were normal License, which permits unrestricted use weight, 278 were overweight and 60 were obese. Additionally, to the average score of the ı and redistribution provided that the university students’ healthy lifestyle behaviors, exercise was the lowest [7]. Same lowest original author and source are credited. students, it was reported that only one-third of the students were exercising, despite having score has been shown in Elazığ, Malatya provinces [8,9]. In a study involving 604 nursing exercise facilities [10]. In Afyon and Denizli, 316 health workers working at universities and state hospitals have shown that their exercise habits are very low [11]. In the province of Edirne, it was revealed that the exercise habits were at a very low level in the survey that working in primary schools in the central districts of Ankara [13]. In a study involving a total included 410 teachers [12]. Ankara showed that only 14.7% of 849 school personnel exercise, of 391 students in Kocaeli province, it was determined that weekly exercise periods of about behaviors such as television watching, and computer use are very common in the group [14]. four quarters of the group were insufficient. In addition, it has been reported that inactivity In addition, in a survey conducted in a sports center in Ankara, the frequency of exercise of Research & Investigations in Sports Medicine 654 RISM.000669. 7(4).2021 655 adequate levels [15]. In a survey attended by 206 health personnel, a barrier to exercise participation. Geçkil [9] emphasize that efforts 504 members was followed and found to be significantly lower than Kasırga [25] stated that the obstacle perceptions about exercise are to improve health should aim to increase the exercise levels of adolescents. The research group also proposed relaxation exercises it has been revealed that 59.0% of doctors, 49.2% of dentists, according to the investigation that 1000 people are included in the to cope with stress and stated that the “demonstration method” and 68.9% of nurses did not do any sports [16]. Contrary to this, could be useful in teaching and practicing these exercises [9]. Kara people to protect their health are nutrition and exercise [17]. In et al. [14] suggesting that the lack of physical activity during the last 18-80 age range in İzmir province, the first two actions taken by Turkish national publications, there are many pieces of research 7 days and the lack of participation in physical education classes in on women’s exercise habits. In a survey of 365 married women the school may be related to suicidal ideation over the last year. In residing in the Ankara Castle region, it was shown that the lowest addition, there is a need for new politics in areas such as transport, score among the health indicators was exercise [18]. Similarly, sports, entertainment, urban planning to make young people more active, and that this policy should aim to encourage people to use Altıparmak stated that exercise was at the lowest level in the province of Edirne, it has been shown that women perform the least conducted an 8-week aerobic exercise study on 80 women who did analyzes that 350 women participated in Altıparmak [19]. In the their bodies more in daily activities. Beyond these, Baştuğ [29] amount of exercise in the result of the research that the teachers not practice sports and found that the pre-exercise weight average of 33 elementary schools have participated [12]. Numerous studies was 65.76 ± 10.31 kg and 62,36 ± 9,18 kg after exercise. However, comparing men’s and women’s exercise habits have shown that the body mass index of women participating in the study was found men exercise more [12,15,20-22]. Research have also shown that to be better at the end of the study. In addition, it has been observed single people exercise more than married people [23,24]. In a psychological well-being increased. In another study involving 72 that the self-esteem of women increased significantly, and that the sedentary individuals, positive changes in body weight, resting very current study, 75,7% of 481 university students was found that the level of exercise extremely poor in Turkey. physically inactive [25]. Considering all specified data, it is clear observed by 12-week aerobic exercise [30]. Ülger [31] remarked Reasons and Recommendations for Low Exercise Habits heart rate, aerobic and anaerobic strength, and flexibility were has rewarding effects on physical activity participation. exercising, they are having trouble turning it into exercise activity. educating adolescents about awareness of physical activity benefits Açıksöz [26] think that although people have positive aspects of Among the 156 students studying in Çanakkale [27], it was shown Disease-Related Exercise Studies that the exercise levels of the 2nd-grade students were higher than In the Turkish national publications, the number of the 1st-grade students. It has been stated by researchers that the researches on the effects of exercise on diseases is increasing. practical courses taken at the 2nd term may have provided this. In [32] have been included 2M Cardle patients (a disease due Çakır marital status among the factors that affect women to exercise. of exhaustion resistance, fatigue, muscle aches, cramps during addition, Demirdöken [28] emphasize the importance of age and to myophosphorylase deficiency, which started to show signs In the study conducted in the Ankara Kalesi region, it is thought exercise and often in the twenties or thirties) in a low-intensity that a large majority of women cannot exercise because of being exercise program. In two patients who regularly participated in a housewife, having responsibilities such as housework, childcare, the exercise program, no health problems were observed, and in lack of exercise facilities, and inadequate socioeconomic status. both patients, improved grip strength, 10-meter walking time, and Researchers emphasize that women should be aware of regular functional capacities were observed after the exercise program. exercise and be directed to exercise programs that take into account [32] emphasized that exercise in patients with McArdle their preferences [18]. In addition, low exercise habits of women are increases functional capacity even if exercise is performed for Çakır a short time and at low severity, and therefore patients should and the number of living children. Exercise points for women who thought to be influential in working status, family type, pregnancy, have a small family structure and who have 1-2 pregnancies are 38 patients discharged with cerebrovascular disease diagnosis, be encouraged to participate in physical activity. In 57.9% of higher than those who have 3 or more pregnancies with a large exercise participation problems such as not being able to exercise family structure.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Disaster Resilient Communities Best Practices
    DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIES BEST PRACTICES This booklet has been prepared within the scope of the “Workshop on the Role of Local Authorities in the Building of Disaster-Resilient Communities”, organized by the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Interior Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD), European Natural Disasters Training Center (AFEM). Ankara, 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Preface ...................................................................................................... 5 2. İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality ......................................................... 7 2.1. Megacity Indicator System for Disaster Risk Management – MegaIST ............................................................................................ 8 2.2. Analysis of the Social Vulnerability against Disasters in İstanbul ... 11 2.3. Updating Estimations of the Probable Earthquake Losses in İstanbul....15 2.4. Updating of Tsunami Hazard and Risk Analysis Studies ................ 18 2.5. Microzonation Studies ..................................................................... 20 2.6. İstanbul Geo Information System YERBIS) ..................................... 23 2.7. Safe Life with Small Steps (MAGYA) Training Project ..................... 25 2.8. Flood Early Warning System (FLEWS) ............................................ 27 2.9. Ice Early Warning System (IEWS) .................................................... 29 2.10. Web-Based Earthquake Loss Estimation Routine (ELER) Project 31 2.11. Urban Renewal Project for Bayrampaşa
    [Show full text]
  • Best Practices in Monitoring and Evaluation: Lessons from the USAID Turkey Population Program
    Best Practices in Monitoring and Evaluation: Lessons from the USAID Turkey Population Program by Jill Mathis, Pinar Senlet, Ersin Topcuoglu, Rifat Kose and Amy Tsui October 2001 This publication was made possible by support from USAID under the terms of Cooperative Agreement HRN-A-00-97-00018-00. The opinions expressed are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID. For additional copies, contact: MEASURE Evaluation Carolina Population Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 123 West Franklin Street Chapel Hill, NC 27516 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/ Table of Contents Executive Summary.......................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................... v List of Acronyms .......................................................................................................................... vii Best Practices in Monitoring and Evaluation: Lessons from the USAID Turkey Population Program ............................................................................................................................... 1 I. Introduction: Managing for Results.................................................................................... 1 II. Background: Family Planning in Turkey............................................................................ 1 III. The USAID Turkey
    [Show full text]
  • Turkey 2020 Human Rights Report
    TURKEY 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Turkey is a constitutional republic with an executive presidential system and a unicameral 600-seat parliament (the Grand National Assembly). In presidential and parliamentary elections in 2018, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe observers expressed concern regarding restrictions on media reporting and the campaign environment, including the jailing of a presidential candidate that restricted the ability of opposition candidates to compete on an equal basis and campaign freely. The National Police and Jandarma, under the control of the Ministry of Interior, are responsible for security in urban areas and rural and border areas, respectively. The military has overall responsibility for border control and external security. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over law enforcement officials, but mechanisms to investigate and punish abuse and corruption remained inadequate. Members of the security forces committed some abuses. Under broad antiterror legislation passed in 2018 the government continued to restrict fundamental freedoms and compromised the rule of law. Since the 2016 coup attempt, authorities have dismissed or suspended more than 60,000 police and military personnel and approximately 125,000 civil servants, dismissed one-third of the judiciary, arrested or imprisoned more than 90,000 citizens, and closed more than 1,500 nongovernmental organizations on terrorism-related grounds, primarily for alleged ties to the movement of cleric Fethullah Gulen, whom the government accused of masterminding the coup attempt and designated as the leader of the “Fethullah Terrorist Organization.” Significant human rights issues included: reports of arbitrary killings; suspicious deaths of persons in custody; forced disappearances; torture; arbitrary arrest and continued detention of tens of thousands of persons, including opposition politicians and former members of parliament, lawyers, journalists, human rights activists, and employees of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Inspection Report EYTCC Kocaeli, Turkey
    Inspection of Koceali, Turkey for the European Youth Team Championship 2019 Date for championship: 16. – 24.08.2019 Federation: Turkey Inspector: Kurt Gretener Inspection Date: 04.07.2017 Accompanied by: N.Erman Üsküdarlı, Sportsdirector Turkish Chess Federation Kocaeli Province is a province of Turkey and one of only two to not have the same official name as its capital, İzmit, which is thus also sometimes called Kocaeli. The largest towns in the province are İzmit and Gebze. The province is located at the easternmost end of the Marmara Sea around the Gulf of İzmit. Kocaeli is bordered by the province of Istanbul and the Marmara Sea to the west, the Black Sea to the north, the province of Sakarya to the east, the province of Bursa to the south and the province of Yalova to the southwest. The metropolitan area of Istanbul extends to the Kocaeli- Istanbul provincial border. The size and natural conditions of the Bay of İzmit allow for extensive port facilities, including the Gölcük Naval Base. The province is called the industrial capital of Turkey. Kocaeli has an airport named Cengiz Topel Naval Air Station which is used for military and civilian transport. Kocaeli has two universities: Kocaeli University and Gebze Technical University. Basis of the inspection was the official bid of the Montenegro Chess Federation from 26. April 2017 Tournament hall: “Elite Hotel Bitinya Ballroom” The size of the playing hall is 700 sqm. The light condition is sufficient. Next to the playing hall there are 3+5 toilets for men and 4 for women. The tables (80x80 cm) are in FIDE standard.
    [Show full text]
  • Obesity and Bariatric Surgery Awareness in the Kocaeli Province, a Leading Industrial City in Turkey
    Turk J Surg 2018 34 (3): 165-168 Original Article DOI: 10.5152/turkjsurg.2018.3871 Obesity and Bariatric Surgery awareness in the Kocaeli province, a leading industrial city in Turkey Sertaç Ata Güler , Tonguç Utku Yılmaz , Turgay Şimşek , Oktay Yirmibeşoğlu , Sertaç Kırnaz , Nihat Zafer Utkan , Nuh Zafer Cantürk ABSTRACT Objectives: An increase in the prevelance of obesity is a worldwide problem. It many serious health problems, especially cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Conservative therapies such as diet modification and exercise are the most preferable obesity treatments. Bariatric surgery is the most appropriate treatment in suitable patients. Several studies showed that a very low number of patients prefer bariatric surgery even though it would be appropriate. This study aimed to assess and raise awareness about the obesity level, its complications, and treatment methods, especially bariatric surgery among obese patients in Kocaeli, which is one of the most socio- economically developed cities, as well as the leading industrial city in Turkey. Material and Methods: A survey was designed to assess the knowledge about obesity, its complications, and bariatric surgery in the Kocaeli province. It was administered to 232 adult patients with a body mass index greater than 30 in different outpatient clinics where patients suffering obesity were treated. Results: It has been seen that although the contribution factors and complications of obesity are well known, awa- reness of the body mass index was insufficient. Most of patients have tried to lose weight at least once and most pa- tients have heard of bariatric surgery before. However, the details were not well known.
    [Show full text]
  • USGS Circular 1193
    FOLD BLEED BLEED BLEED BLEED U.S. Geological Survey Implications for Earthquake Risk Reduction in the United States from the — Kocaeli, Turkey, Earthquake Implications for Earthquake Risk Reduction in the U.S. from Kocaeli, of August 17, 1999 T urkey , Earthquake — U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1 U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1193 193 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey BLEED BLEED BLEED FOLD BLEED FOLD BLEED BLEED Cover: Damage in Korfez, Turkey, following the August 17 Kocaeli earthquake. Photograph by Charles Mueller Cover design by Carol A. Quesenberry Field investigations were coordinated with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and National Institute of Standards and Technology BLEED BLEED FOLD FOLD BLEED BLEED Implications for Earthquake Risk Reduction in the United States from the Kocaeli, Turkey, Earthquake of August 17, 1999 By U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1193 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey BLEED FOLD BLEED FOLD BLEED BLEED BLEED BLEED U.S. Department of the Interior Contributors Bruce Babbitt, Secretary Thomas L. Holzer, Scientific Editor, U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Aykut A. Barka, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey Charles G. Groat, Director David Carver, U.S. Geological Survey Mehmet Çelebi, U.S. Geological Survey Edward Cranswick, U.S. Geological Survey Timothy Dawson, San Diego State University and Southern California Earthquake Center James H. Dieterich, U.S. Geological Survey William L. Ellsworth, U.S. Geological Survey Thomas Fumal, U.S. Geological Survey John L. Gross, National Institute of Standards and Technology Robert Langridge, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Spatial Planning and Its Implementation in Turkey: Şanliurfa Provincial Development Planning Case
    STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN TURKEY: ŞANLIURFA PROVINCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING CASE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY BAHAR GEDİKLİ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN CITY AND REGIONAL PLANNING OCTOBER 2004 vii Approval of the Graduate School of Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences. _______________________ Prof. Dr. Canan ÖZGEN Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________ Prof. Dr. Ali TÜREL Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________ Prof. Dr. Melih ERSOY Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. İlhan Tekeli (METU, CRP) _______________________ Prof.Dr. Melih Ersoy (METU, CRP) _______________________ Prof.Dr. Can Hamamcı (Ankara Unv.) _______________________ Assoc.Prof.Dr.H.Çağatay Keskinok (METU CRP) _______________________ Assoc.Prof.Dr.H.Tarık Şengül (METU ADM) _______________________ I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last Name : Bahar Gedikli Signature : iii ABSTRACT THE STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN TURKEY: THE ŞANLIURFA PROVINCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING CASE Gedikli, Bahar Ph.D., Department of City and Regional Planning Supervisor : Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • NEW Direct Service from Asia to Turkey
    ASPA Service | South America West Coast and Mexico Pacific Coast – Asia NEW Direct service from Asia to Turkey Since April 2019 Hamburg Süd offers a brand new service from Asia to the East Mediterranean – SERA 3. This dedicated corri- dor between Asia and Turkey counts on weekly departures from Far East main ports with the fastest transit times in the market. At Turkey, the service calls directly Istanbul and Izmit – the main gateways for Turkey’s most developed industrial provinces. The ports of Gemlik, Aliaga, Mersin and Iskenderun are also available through Hamburg Süd transshipment network, con- necting and delivering your cargo with reliability – no matter what. Istanbul Service Highlights Izmit n Direct and weekly calls from China main ports Gemlik n Direct service from South Korea to Izmit and Istanbul Aegan n Fastest Asia - Turkey transit times in market Sea n Transshipment options to Gemlik, Aliaga, Mesin and Iskenderun Aliaga Mersin Iskenderun Istanbul – Turkey’s largest city. Its historical and metropolitan atmosphere attracts millions of tourists every year, while offering at the same time endless trade opportunities, from the demand of daily consum- er goods to high-end commodities. Izmit – located at Kocaeli province, it serves as one of the important European automotive production hubs, where many international automotive manufactures are located, presenting a considerable demand for electronic, machinery, raw materials and parts. Mersin – situated along the Mediterranean Coast, it is the largest seaport in Turkey with well-developed facilities and highway connections to North, East, West and Southern Railway facilities in the country. Our highly personalized customer service, specialized cargo care and local expertise are at your disposal through our 250 offices worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • UNICEF Turkey Humanitarian Situation Report February 2019
    UNICEF Turkey Humanitarian Situation Report February 2019 TURKEY CO Humanitarian Situation Report #30 © UNICEF/Yurtsever 1 – 28 FEBRUARY 2019 SITUATION IN NUMBERS February 2019 Highlights • In February, UNICEF supported the Turkish government’s efforts to 1,684,739 children affected out of prevent and address child marriage, with a focus on capacity building. Approximately 460 staff and service providers from the government, 4,007,934 armed forces, women’s shelters and violence prevention centres were people affected trained on how to better identify and respond to child marriage cases. UNICEF 2018 Appeal • UNICEF also focused on expanding access to non-formal education for US $239.7 million out-of-school refugee children. Nearly 1,100 children registered for the Accelerated Learning Programme and more than 400 registered for Funding Status Turkish language courses. Outreach campaigns also identified 10,500 in millions of USD children (40% of whom were out of school) and referred them to relevant education opportunities. $2 (1%) • UNICEF Turkey is 46% funded (as of 15 March 2019) under the 2019 3RP appeal (including carry-over from the previous year), with only US $2 $108.3 $239.7 (45%) million received in 2019. US $10 million is urgently required to fund $129.4 required (55%) essential interventions for vulnerable refugee children in education and child protection. Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs Turkey remains home to the largest registered refugee population in the world. Over 4 million refugees and asylum-seekers are registered in Turkey, Funds received Carry-forward amount Gap of whom nearly 1.7 million are children.1 More than 3.6 million Syrians – including over 1.5 million children – are under temporary protection, 96 per cent of whom live in host communities across the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Earthquake Park Facilities in Kocaeli
    African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 6(24), pp. 5558-5566, 26 October, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR DOI: 10.5897/AJAR10.944 ISSN 1991-637X ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Determination of earthquake park facilities in Kocaeli Aysun Çelik 1* and Füsun Erduran 2 1Department of Landscape and Ornamental Plants, University of Kocaeli, Kocaeli, Turkey. 2Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Çanakkale 18 Mart, Çanakkale, Turkey. Accepted 8 July, 2011 Earthquake parks are functional parks that meet recreational needs of people in daily life and urgent needs providing temporary shelters in case of a possible earthquake. In this study, earthquake park facilities were tried to be determined for Kocaeli, a densely-populated industrial city by the sea and situated on a first degree seismic zone. For this purpose, 17 big parks, with an area size ranging from 3000 to 587 000 m 2, were investigated in terms of their equipment elements, space use, and risk factors, and their conversion to an earthquake park was evaluated. According to the results obtained from the study, the existing parks in Kocaeli have low physical quality regarding standard elements of an earthquake park and their functional conversion is not possible. All the parks in the city are located on the fault lines and in the first degree hazard zone in case of a possible earthquake. For this reason, the construction of earthquake parks with adequate equipment elements in the safe parts of the city is needed. Key words: Kocaeli, open-green space, park, earthquake park. INTRODUCTION A city can be defined as “a settlement unit that situation dramatically shows itself in the earthquake zones constitutes small neighbourhood units with low amount of (TMMOB, 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Kocaeli City Izmit District Yeni Neighborhood 2826 Block 8 Parcel Real
    KOCAELI CI TY IZMI T DI STRI CT YENI NEI GHBORHOOD 2826 BLOCK 8 PARC EL REAL ESTATE F EASIBILI TY R EPORT APRI L , 2019 KOCAELI Bolge Geomatic Engineering Office Real Estate Feasibility Report İçindekiler 1. I n troduction ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 1 2. Existing Parcel Area İnformation ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 1 3. Existing Parcel Location Information ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 1 4. Existing Parcel Application Project ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 4 5. Existing Parcel Reconstruction Plan Information ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 5 6. Construction Area Accounts of the Building Which Can Be Made According to the Existing Parcel Zonning Plan Notes ........ 6 7. Construction Costs and Profit Analysis of the Parcel ................................ ................................ .............................. 6 8. Existing Parcel Sales Price and Conditions ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 12 Resim ve Tablolar 1. Photo 1 – Kocaeli City Map 1 ...............................
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Cr (Vi) in Creeks Discharge to Izmit Gulf (Kocaeli, Turkey)
    Journal of Scientific Perspectives Volume 3, Issue 3, Year 2019, pp. 201-206 E - ISSN: 2587-3008 URL: http://ratingacademy.com.tr/ojs/index.php/jsp DOİ: https://doi.org/10.26900/jsp.3.020 Research Article DETERMINATION OF CR (VI) IN CREEKS DISCHARGE TO İZMIT GULF (KOCAELI, TURKEY) Kadriye OKTOR * * Assist. Prof. Dr., Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Kocaeli University, TURKEY, e-mail: [email protected] ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7217-4371 Received: 28 June 2018; Accepted: 9 July 2019 ABSTRACT With increasing industrialization, environmental pollution has become a threat to human health. The heavy metal pollution, especially from industrial waste water, is the best example of this. Chromium holds a special position among living organisms because on its species it can be either essential or toxic. Cr (VI) even at very low concentrations is harmful and carcinogenic, while Cr(III) is a necessary microelement for cellular metabolism. Therefore, it is very important to determine the chromium metal found in the wastewater of leather, paint and iron - steel industries. Four main creeks discharges located in the important industrial area in Kocaeli Province are made to the Gulf of İzmit. In this study, Cr (VI) was measured by the spectrophotometer S.M.3500-Cr B. Calorimetric Method sampled from four main streams Saz, Dil, Narca (Bağ) and Ambar (Ulupınar) Creeks samples and the results were found to be <0.02 mg / L. With these values it is observed that there is a visible improvement in the pollution of the creeks. Keywords: Creek, Water pollution, Heavy metal, Chromium (VI) OKTOR / Determination of Cr (VI) in Creeks Discharge to İzmit Gulf (Kocaeli, Turkey) 1.
    [Show full text]