TAXONOMIC STUDIES OF INDIAN (: )

DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

iWaster of ^tilos^opl)? IN

ZOOLOGY

BY MOHAMMAD SHAMIM

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2003 .^rlrtst^^tiAa ^-'^' ^ X*i-'*.- 4 ^r D3-35f^

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Ph j External: 700920/21 -300/30i ones llnternal : 300/301 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH-202002 INDIA Sections· 1, AGRICULTURAL NEMATOLOGY D. No... f.~."':..£ ...... /ZD ...... 2. ENTOMOLOGY 3. FISHERY SCIENCE & AQUACULTURE Dated.. tl fl.:':.~.~.~~ ...... 4. GENETICS 5. PARASITOLOGY

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Mohammad Sliamim lias comyfeted his M.Piii{. work under my suyervision on tlie yrob{em entit{ed "Taxonomic studies of Indian Euyliorinae (Braconidae : Hymenoytera) ". It is an origina{ contribution and distinct addition to tlie existing know{edge on tlie subject. Being satisfied

with qua{ity and quantity of tlie work, lie ts yermitted to submit the dissertation in yartia( Ju(fifment for the award of M.Piii{ degree in Zoo{ogy of the A{igarli Mus{im University, A{igat: India.

. I 1-­ (~Jc L\~ ~~ ~~~_] if. rrujauilli:J Department of Zoology Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, 202002 IND lA CONTENTS

Page No.

I Acknowledgement

II Introduction 1

III Historical Review 3

IV Material and Methods 6

V Subfamily Euphorinae Foerster 9

VI Key to Indian genera of the subfamily Euphorinae 11

1. Genus iAr/de/t/s Marshall 13

2. Genus Cenf/stes Haliday 15

3. Genus Per///ftis Nees 16

4. Genus Penstent/s Foerster 17

5. Genus Streblocera \NestNOo6 20

6. Genus Leiophron Nees 21

7. Genus Marshiella shaw 22

VII References. 26 Acknowledgements:

I am very grateful to my research supervisor Dr.Shujauddin, Professor of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, for his most inspiring guidance, supervision, valuable help and taking great pains in critically going through the manuscript. I am very much thankful to Dr. (Mrs.) Durdana S. Jairajpuri, Professor and Chairperson, Department of Zoology,Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, for providing necessary facilities during research work. My special thanks to my lab Colleagues Dr. Arshad All Haider, Ahmad Samiuddin, Zubair Ahmad, Kavita Pandey, Zaheer Ahmad and fhends for their help and constant encouragement in in the completion of present work. I am very thankful to Mohammad Sohail and his family members for their wholehearted support. Last but not least, I wish to thanks my parents and brother for their constant affection and encouragement which played a lead role in the completion of my work.

(Mohammad Shamim) 1

INTRODUCTION

The subfamily Euphorinae belongs to the family Braconidae

( : Hymenoptera). It includes 41 genera and about

600 species from the world, of which 7 species are known from

Indian region. All euphorines are solitary or gregarious koinobiont

endoparasitoids of larval and adult Coleoptera.Heteroptera,

Neuroptera, Psocoptera and Orthoptera (Achterberg,1993).

Euphorine parasitoids are of great economic importance viz.,

Microctonus Wesmael, Leiophron Nees and Peristenus Foerster

have been used in the biological control programs against the

Alfalfa bug {Adelphocoris lineolatus), Lygus plant bugs (Lygus

militaris ) and Gypsy moth ( Lymentria dispar ) Day et.al., (1992)

respectively (Shaw, 1985 ).

Majority of euphorine parasitoids are considered beneficial

. However, a few are parasitoids of several beneficial lady

bird viz., Dinocampus coccinellae (Shrank) (Balduf, 1926).

Shaw (1985) have reported the emergence of the parasitoids from

commercial products stocks of lady bird beetles.

The subfamily Euphorinae represented by nine species from

Indian region, spread over 7 genera viz., Perilitus Nees , Centistes

Haliday , Leiophron Nees , Peristenus Foerster, Marshiella Shaw ,

Aridelus Marshall and Streblocera (Westwood). In the present study two genera are reported for the first time from India with description of the two new species viz., Peristenus punctatus and Marshiella homala. A key to the Indian genera is provided and new species are described and illustrated with the help of 21 diagrams. HISTORICAL REVIEW

The terms Euphoroidae, Perilitoidae and Liophronoidae were first used by Foerster (1862) for euphorines. Schmiedeknecht

(1907), Muesebeck and Walkley (1951), Capek (1970), Foerster and

Shaw (1985) used the term Helorimorphinae, Cosmophohnae,

Centistinae and Euphorinae respectively for euphorine wasps.

Three of Foerster's families Euphoroidae, Perilitoidae and

Liophronoidae contain 15 genera and recently, Shaw (1985) has transferred all the genera in the subfamily Euphorinae.

Ashmead (1900) suggested that the genus Meteorus be placed in separate subfamily Meteorinae. Muesebeck (1923), while revising Meteorus of the North America argued that Meteorinae do not represent a natural group distinct from Euphorinae but did not formally place Meteorus in Euphorinae. Meteorus was included in

Euphorinae by Muesebeck (1936) in the first revision of the subfamily. However Muesebeck (1936) in the revision of the subfamily included Meteorus in the Euphorinae. Later Muesebeck and Walkley (1951) is the excluded Cosmoptiorus from Euphohnae.

Although Cosmoptiorus had been consistently included in

Euphorinae since the work of Foerster (1862). Muesebeck considered it sufficiently different to place it in a separate subfamily.

Muesebeck (1963) gave a brief revievy of the host relationships of Euphorinae and proposed the tribe euphorini for the parasitoids of adult insects or nymphs of paurometabolous insects.

Several genera previously placed in other subfamilies would be better placed in Euphorinae (Tobias, 1965, 1966 and 1967).

According to Tobias "Blacus and allied genera are undoubtedly related to the subfamily Euphorinae, and not to the Calyptinae". The placement of Blacus in Euphorinae has been vigorously opposed by

Van Achterberg (1975) and Capek (1983).

Loan (1961,1967a, 1967b, 1967c, 1969, 1970,1973, 1974a,

1974b, 1974c, 1975, 1980);Loan and New (1971) and Loan, Gerger and Reid (1971 ) are the major contributions on the systematics and biology of New world Euphorinae. Recently, Loan (1983), who treated Nearctic genera and proposed that the tribe Euphorini

(sensu Marsh and Muesebeck) be sub divided into two tribes;

Euphorini and Perilitini. *

Belokobylskij (1987, 1996 and 2000); Belokobylskij and Deck

(1996) and Chen et al., (2001) have described several species and also added two new genera viz., Mamamariae and Asiacentistes from Russia and Far East. Achterberg (1977, 1992) described two new genera viz., Spathicopis and Centistoides from holarctic region and Suriname respectively. Recently, Chen and Achterberg (1-997) have revised the Euphorinae of China. The euhorinae genera of the worid were reviewed by Shaw (1985) and their phyJogeny and biology were also discussed by shaw (1988). Subsequently, he (1987, 1989) have described two new genera viz., Orionis and

Betelgeuse from Central America and New Mexico respectively.

Wilkinson (1928, 1930a and 1930b), Ayyar (1923, 1924,

1925, 1927, 1928, 1929), Nixon (1943, 1946, 1965) Bhatnagar

(1950), Shaw (1985), Papp(1998), have contributed on Indian

Braconidae. Viereck (1912) for the first time described Meteorus arctiicida from India, but now this genus is placed in separate subfamily Meteorinae. Subsequently, Narayanan et al., (1960),

Wilkinson (1929), Shujauddin (1981), Papp (1998), Ahmad et al.,

(2002) added 7 species to the subfamily Euphorinae from India. MATERIAL AND METHODS

Collection and Rearing

The adult euphorine parasitoids were collected from different parts of India by using sweeping net. The parasitoids were also reared from their natural hosts. They are collected in collecting bags. A complete record was maintained indicating the locality, date of collection, name of the host plant and hosts. The samples were later transferred from the collecting bags to the rearing jars. The open end of jars were covered with muslin cloths tightly held with rubber bands. The jars were checked daily and fresh leaves were provided for the feeding and emerged parasitoids were preserved in

70% ethyl alcohol with few drops of glycerin.

METHODOLOGY

Preparation of card mounts

The freshly collected specimens were usually killed in ethyl acetate fumes and directly mounted on rectangular or triangular cards by using water soluble glue. The specimen is placed obliquely on the card and glued through the side of the thorax. The material available in 70% alcohol was also card mounted before study. Body colour, sculpture and measurements were noted from the card mounted specimens.

Preparation of slides mounts

The permanent slides were prepared after dehydration and clearing the material in clove oil. The specimens were dissected under dissecting binocular microscope with the help of fine needles.

The dissected parts viz.; antennae, wings, legs and other parts of body were placed in Canada balsam on a slide in required position and covered by cover slips. The slides were dried by keeping in the thermostat at 35± 5 °C.

Illustration and measurement

The permanent slides and card mounted specimens were examined under the binocular microscope. Drawing of taxonomically important body parts were made with the help of camera lucida.

Measurements were taken with the help of ocular micrometer fitted in one of the two eye piece of the binocular. 8

Terminology

Achterberg (1974b) have discussed in detail the various terminology pertaining to petiole used by earlier workers

(Schnniedknecst, 1897 and Nixon, 1943). Recently Wharton et ai,

(1997) have define and elaborated the various terminology in detail.

In the present work Achterberg(1993) has been followed for

various terminology used in the present work and Eady (1968) for

the microsculpture.

Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in the present work

ZDAMU Zoology Department, Aligarh Muslim

University, Aligarh, India.

OOL Ocello Ocular line (distance from the outer edge of

a lateral ocellus to the compound eye.

POL Posterior ocellar line (distance between the inner

edges of the two lateral ocelli.

AOL Anterior ocellar line (distance between the inner

edges of anterior and lateral ocellus.

0OD Ocellar diameter.

F Antennal flagellomere. TERMINOLOGY (After Achterberg, 1993)

Figs. A-F: A. body, lateral aspect; B. mesosoma, dorsal aspect; C. head,frontal aspect; D. leg; E. antenna; F. head, dorsal aspect. Legenda: ab= base of antenna; an= anellus; ai-= arolium; asd= anterior subalar depression; ax= axilla; bts= basitarsus; c=clypeus; cl=tarsal claw; cx=coxa: ep= epipleuron (or latero-tergite); flagel=flagellum; fm= femur; fo=eye: fi"=frons; g=face; hp= hypopygium; lp= labial palp; lr= labrum; md= mandible; mds= medic-posterior depression of scutellum; mp= maxillaiy palp; mpl=mesopleuron; ms=mesostemum; msc=mesoscutum; mtn=nietanotum; mtp=metapleuron; nt=notum; no=notauIi; oc=ocelli; ov=ovipositor; ovs=ovipositor sheath; opc=occipital carina; pc=prepectal carina; pd=pedicellus; pn=pronotum; pnz=side of pronotum; pp=propleuron; ppc=postpectal carina; pr=propodeum; ps=precoxal sulcus: rd=radix; s=sternite; sc=scutellum; sl=temple; sos=side of scutellum; sp=scapus; spo=spurs; sr=spiracle; ss=scutellar sulcus; st=stemaulus; stm=stemmaticum; t=tergite (tl=first tergite); tb=tibia; tg=tegula; th^thorax; ti-trochanter; ts=tarsus; tts=telotarsus; v=vei1ex; vtp^anterior tentorial pit; w=malar space. antenna head metasoma Figs. G-J,Terminology of wing venation (after Achterberg, 1993) : A= analis; C= costa; CU= cubitus; M= media; R= radius; SC= subcosta; SR= sectio radii (or RS of "radial sector"); a= transverse anal vein; cu- a=transverse cubito-anal vein; m-cu= tiansverse medio-cubital vein; r= transverse radial vein; r-m= transverse radio-medial vein; pa= parastigma; pt= petrostigma. Cells: 1= marginal cell; 2= submarginal ceil; 3^ discal cell; 4= subdiscal cell; 5=costal cell; 6= basal cell; 7= subbasal cell; 8= plical cell or (if protruding) lobe; a,b, and c indicate first, second and third cell, respectively. 7 fi I' r SUBFAMILY EUPHORINAE FOERSTER

Euphoroidae Foerster, 1862:228

Type genus : Euphorus Nees {-Leiophron Nees), 1834 :260

Leiophronoidae Foerster, 1862 : 229

Type genus : Leiophron Nees, 1818; synonymy by Shenefelt, 1969.

Perilitoidae Foerster, 1862 :228

Type genus : Perilitus Nees, 1818; synonymy by Shenefelt, 1969.

Helorimorphinae Schmiedeknecht, 1907 :523

Type genus : Helorimorpha Schmiedenecht, 1907;synonymy by

Shenefelt, 1969.

Cosmophorinae Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951 :183.

Type genus .Cosmophorus Ratzeburg, 1848; synonymy by Marsh,

1979.

Centistinae Capek, 1970 :870

Type genus: Centistes Haliday, 1935; synonymy by Achterberg,

1977.

Euphorlnae Foerster; Shaw, 1985 :277; 1997 :235.

Diagnosis : Maxillary palp 4-6 segmented , usually 5 segmented ; fore wing vein SRI curved, vein CD lb absent resulting in a characteristic open subdiscal cell vein r-m may or may not be 10 present; 1®* metasomal tergite distinctly petiolate or sometimes sessile.

The subfamily Euphorinae is represented by seven genera from India. A key to the Indian genera is proposed. 11

A KEY TO INDIAN GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY EUPHORINAE

1. Fore wing r-m present, thus second submarginal cell

present Aridelus Marshall

Fore wing r - m absent, thus second submarginal cell

absent. 2

2. Basal width of petiole equal to or greater than half the

propodeum width; glymma present as a deep pit; petiolar

spiracles anterior to middle ; sternum 5 sometimes with a

short pair of teeth. Centistes Haliday

Basal width of petiole less than half the propodeum width;

glymma absent , if present then only shallow depression

located near to middle or behind middle; sternum 5 never with

teeth. 3

3. Fore wing veinl-SR+M present. 4

Forewing vein 1-SR +M absent. 6

4. Petiole atleast 4x wider at apex than at base, sculptured

dorsally; not fused ventrally. Perilitus Nees

Petiole atmost 3x wider at apex than at base; sometimes

much narrower, sculptured or smooth dorsally; sometimes

fused ventrally. 5

5. Petiole with tergum and sternum meeting or fused ventrally at

the base of the segments, occipital carina complete, forewing 12

always with first submarginal and discal cell completely

closed. Periston us Foerster

Petiole with tergum and sternum entirely separate, not fused

ventrally at the base of the segments; occipital carina absent

or incomplete dorsally; forewing venation variable.

Leiophron Nees

6. Female antenna raptorial; scape usually 5x as long as wide,

with a basal horn. Streblocera Westwood

Female antenna not raptorial; scape usually less than 2x as

long as wide and without basal horn, basal flagellomeres of

female broad, flattened and setose. Marshiella Shaw 13

Genus Aridelus Marshall

(Figs. 1-3)

Aridelus UarshaW, 1887: 66

Type species Aridelus bucephalus Marshall, 1887; Monobasic l-lelorimorpha Schmiedenecht, 1907 :523

Type species: l-lelorimorpha agregia Schmiedeknecht, 1907;

Monobasic; synonymy by Muesebeck , 1936.

Strictometeorus Cameron, 1909 :9

Type species: Strictometeorus rufus Cameron, 1909; Monobasic;

synonymy by Muesebeck, 1936.

Erythrometeorus Cameron, 1911:317.

Type species: Erythrometeorus reticulatus Cameron, 1911;

Monobasic; synonymy by Muesebeck, 1936 .

Scipolabia Enderlien, 1920: 220

Type species: Scipolabia reticulata Enderlein, 1920; original designation ; synonymy by Muesebeck , 1936.

Arideloides Papp, 1974 :443

Type species: Arideloides niger Papp, 1974; Monobasic; synonymy

by Shaw, 1985.

Diagnosis: Mesonotum, mesopleuron and propodeal sculpture areolate; forewing vein r-m present, thus 2"^ submarginal cell present; glymma absent; maxillary palp 6 segmented ; metasomal tergum 2+3 nearly reaching end of metasoma, following 14 segments hidden; suture between laterotergites 2+3 absent; shortest distance between eyes of female greater than the clypeus width; antenna 18 segmented, apical flagellomere pointed; malar suture absent.

The genus Ahdelus is represented only by a single species viz,. A. flavicoxae (Shujauddin) from India.

Aridelus flavicoxae (Shujauddin), comb. nov.

Arideloides flavicoxae Shujauddin, 1981:132

Material examined: Holotype $, INDIA: Uttar Pradesh,

Aligarh, 25.III. 1980, coll. Shujauddin (ZDAMU).

Host: Unknown

Distribution : INDIA : Uttar Pradesh.

Remarks : Papp (1974) proposed a new genus

Arideloides with A. niger as it's type species from New Guinea. The genus was separated from Aridelus Marshall on the basis of the following characters: i. petiole behind spiracle about twice wider than basaly, ii. spiracles at the hind third of petiole and iii. second abscissa of radial vein absent. Subsequently, Shujauddin (1981) has added another species Arideloides flavicoxae from India.

Recently, Shaw, (1985) has placed the genus Arideloides as synonymy of Aridelus, keeping in view that Papp (1974) characters are variable within the genus Aridelus and are not adequate to distinguish it as a separate genus. He has pointed out that the following two characters can easily separate the genus Aridelus Aridelus flavicoxae (Shujauddin), comb, nov.,9

1. Distal part of fore wing

2. Head

3. Petiole

Scale lines : Figs:1-3, 0.2mm rr 15 from other braconid genera, viz., i. areolate thoracic sculpture and ii. the pointed apical flagellomere (figs. 1-3), he also transferred

Arideloides niger under the genus Aridelus as A. niger (Papp). In the present work Arideloides flavicoxae has been transferred under the genus Aridelus as Aridelus flavicoxae comb. nov.

Genus Centistes Haliday

(Figs. 4-11)

Centistes Haliday, 1835; 462 (as a subgenus of Leiophron )

Type species: Ancylus cuspidatus Haliday, 1833: 261

Ancylus Haliday, 1833 :261

Type species : Ancylus cuspidatus Haliday, synonymy by Dalla Torre,

1898

Cenf/stes Haliday; Shenefelt, 1969: 26

Centistes Haliday; Shaw, 1985 :312

Diagnosis: Antenna of female not raptorial; scape usually 2x as long as wide, without any basal horn; marginal cell of fore wing longer than pterostigma, vein r-m absent; mesopleural sculpture variable, coarse to.nitid; scutellar disc punctate- nitid; pronotum variable, sculptured to nitid.

The genus Centistes Haliday is represented by a single species, Centistes indicus from India. Centistes indicus Ahmad et al., ?

4. Antennae Head, frontal aspect 5. Head, dorsal aspect 6.

7. Fore wing

8. Hind wing

9. Hind leg

10. First tergite

11. Ovipositor

Sca,elinesforFigs.4,7,8and9=0.5mm; Figs.5,6and10=

O.asmm; Fig. 11=01mm. P in

% 16

Centistes indicus Ahmad, Haider and Shujauddin

Centistes indicus Ahmad, Haider and Shujauddin, 2002:419

Material examined: Holotype ?, INDIA: Uttar Pradesh,

Aligarh; 15.IV. 1969; coll. Shujauddin. (ZDAMU).

Host : Unknown

Distribution: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh.

Genus Perilitus Nees

PerilitusUees, 1818:302

Type species Bracon rutilus Nees, 1812:27; designated by Haliday

inWestwood, 1840.

Scirtetes Hartig, 1838 :255; No species included; synonymy by Delia Torre, 1898.

Diagnosis : Fore wing with vein r-m absent, thus the 2"*^ submarginal cell open; petiole narrow basally, atleast 4x broader apically; petiolar spiracles near at nniddle or slightly behind; petiole always sculptured dorsally and never fused ventrally, ocular setae absent; glymma absent; scape short, usually 2x as long as wide.

The genus Perilitus Nees is represented by two species from

Indo-Australian region, of which only P.mylloceri (Wilkinson) is reported from India. 17

Perilitus mylloceri (Wilkinson)

D/nocampusmy//ocen Wilkinson, 1929 :207

Dinocampus r?7y//ocer/Wilkinson; Beeson and Chatterji, 1935 :125

Dinocampus mylloceri WiMnson; Beeson, 1941 : 368

Perilitus mylloceri {Wi\k\nson); Nagasawa, 1942 :998

Material examined: 2 $?, INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh,

25.XII.1998, coll. Arshad Ali Haider.

Host: Myllocerus maculosus Desb.

Distribution : INDIA : Bihar, Orissa & Uttar Pradesh.

Peristenus Foerster

Peristenus Foerster, 1862 :25

Type species : Microctonus barbiger Wesmael {=Leiophron pallipes

Curtis), 1833:476.

Diagnosis : Lower clypeal margin rounded ; propodeum areolate; petiole apically less than 3x as wide as basally ; glymma absent; tergite 2+3 overlaping ventrally; malar space 1/4-1/2 eye height; propodeal impression indistinct to absent; petioiar notch absent; tergites 2+3 nearly reaching end of abdomen, following segments hidden; suture between laterotergites 2+3 absent ; ovipositor shorter than 1/4 petiole length, curved and sometimes 18

greater than clypeus width; median frontal carina ending on frons

fully three ocellus widths below median ocellus; face densely

setose, setae obscuring surface. Peristenus is only genus with the

sides of petiole meeting ventrally at the base.

The genus Peristenus Foerster is reported for the first time

from India and is represented by only one new species viz.;

Peristenus punctatus which have been described and illustrated.

Peristenus punctatus sp. nov., $

(Figs. 12-15)

Female: Black except antennae and mandible brown; legs,

maxillary palp and ovipositor light brown; eyes greyish; ocelli

trasparent.

Head : Antennae 17 segmented ; scape 1.66x as long as wide ; pedicel 1.5x as long as wide; F1 1.5x as long as F2; F1 3x as

long as wide; F2-F3 2.x as long as wide; F4-F15 1.5x as long as wide; length of maxillary palp 0.6x height of head; malar space as

long as basal width of mandible ; length of eye in dorsal view 2.16x temple; face with dense long whitish pilosity, densely puntulate and between eyes slightly greater than eye length; frons sparsely punctulate with a mid longitudinal carina; vertex sparsely punctulate; eyes 1.5x as long as wide; OOL :AOL :POL:0OD =5:3:5:1, Occipital carina weak dorsally. 19

Mesosoma: Length of mesosoma 1.61x its height; scutum sparesly punctate; notauli broad and crenulate with large foveae posteriorly; scutellum, mesopleuron coarsely punctate; scutellar sulcus crenulate; metanotum crenulate; propodeum reticulate rugose.

Wings : Fore wing about 2.5x as long as wide; marginal cell short; almost as long as stigma; stigma about 2x as long as wide; veins r :SR1= 1:16; SRI curved;cu-a postfurcal; 1-SR+M straight.

Legs :Hind coxa dorsally smooth and shiny; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.3x, 7.5x and 6x their width respectively; length of hind tibial spurs 0.33x hind basitarsus.

Metasoma : Length of metasoma about 2.25x as long as wide; P* tergite 1.66x as long as apical width; basal width 0.5x as long as apical width; rugostriate; rest of tergite smooth and shiny without any indication suture between 2 and 3; ovipositor very small and curved; length of ovipositor 0.11x the length of the metasoma.

Body Length: 2.55 mm; Forewing: 1.9 mm

Male: Unknown

Holotype : $, INDIA : Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 6.XI. 2000, coll.

Zubair Ahmad (ZDAMU ). 20

Remarks: The new species Peristenus punctatus is closely related to P. pallipes (Curtis). However, it differs in having i. occipital carina weak dorsally, ii. mesopleuron coarsely punctate, iii. notauli broad and deep with large foveae posteriorly and iv. antennae 15 segmented.

Genus Streblocera Westwood

Streblocera Westwood, 1833 : 342

Type species .Streblocera fulviceps Westwood, 1833; Monobasic

Eutanycerus Foerster, 1862 :251

Type species : Eutanycerus tialidayanus Foerster, 1862; original

designation; synonymy by Dalla Torre, 1898.

Lecythodella Enderlein, 1912 :41

Type species : Lecythodella garleppi Enderlein, 1912; original

designation; synonymy by Muesebeck, 1936.

Diagnosis : Female antennae raptorial ; scape usually 5x as long as wide with a basal horn; one or more basal flagellomere usually with hook like prominences; shortest distance between eyes of female greater than clypeus width; mesopleural disc, scutellar disc and pronotum nitid; propodeum carinate with confused rugulose sculpture between carinae; fore wing vein r-m absent, thus the 2"^ submarginal cell open; basal width of petiole less than half the propodeum width. Peristenus punctatus sp.nov.,?

12. Fore wing

13. Hind leg

14. Head (front view)

15. Metasoma

Scale lines: Figs. 12-15, 0.5mm 13

14 21

The genus Streblocera Westwood is reported for the first time from India, with S. macroscapa (Ruthe), a species which was l

Streblocera macroscapa (Ruthe)

Microctonus macroscapa Ruthe, 1856 :291

Streblocera macroscapa (Ruthe); Reinhard, 1862 :327

Streblocera macroscapa (Ruthe); Watanabe, 1942 :5

Streblocera macroscapa (Ruthe); Capek and Snoflak, 1959 : 348

Material examined : 5^^,3SS, INDIA : Uttar Pradesh,

Aligarh, 8. VIII. 2000, coll. Zubair Ahmad (ZDAMU).

Host : Unknown

Distribution : INDIA : Uttar Pradesh.

Genus Leiophron Nees

Leiophron Nees, 1818 : 303 . No species included.

Type species: Leiophron apicalis (Curtis) Haliday, design, by

Viereck, 1914.

Euphorus Nees 1834 : 360

Type species : Euphorus pallicornis Nees; (Monobasic), synonymy

by Muesebeck, 1958 :412. 22

Diagnosis'. Petiole with its tergum and sternum entirely separate not fused at the base of the segment; occipital carina absent or incomplete dorsally; fore wing venation variable but sometimes reduced so that first submarginal and discal cells are open apically; petiole atmost 3x wider at apex than at base, sometimes much narrower, sculptured or smooth dorsally; forewing

1SR+M, m-cu and 2-SR absent; spiracle on first tergite usually near middle or behind middle of segment; if somewhat anterior to middle; ovipositor and sheaths shorter than 1/4 petiole length.

The genus Leiophron is represented by three species viz,.

Leiophron mutilus, Leiophron cacuminatus, Leiophron topali from

India (Papp, 1998).

Marshiella Shaw

Marshiella Shay\/, 1985:329

Type species : Streblocera pulvillicomis (Walley and Mackay),

1963:999.

Diagnosis : Female antenna raptorial; basal flagellomere 1-

4 broad and flattened , somewhat heart shaped in dorsal view , densely setose, setae flattened and broader at tips.; petiole apically about 4x wider than basaly propodeum carinate with confused rugulose sculpture between carinae; petiole fused ventrally at base; 23 dorsope absent; shortest distance between eyes of female less than clypeus width; malar space less than 1/4 eye height.

The genus Marshiella is reported for the first time from

India and is represented by a single new species viz., Marshiella homala which has been described and illustrated.

Marshiella homala sp.nov., $

(Figs. 16-21)

Female: Dark Brown except 1-6 segments of antennae black, eyes greyish. Ocelli transparent , abdominal segments black except petiole.

Head : Head 2x as long as wide dorsally; antennae 20 segmented ; F1- F4 densely setose;, flattened , somewhat heart shaped in dorsal view; scape 1.8x as long as wide; pedicel 1.33x as long as wide; F1 2x as long as F2 and 2.67x as long as wide, F2 -

F4 about equal in length and about 1.33x as long as wide, F5 - F17 equal in length and about 1.5x as long as wide, terminal segment 2x as long as wide; length of maxillary palpi 0.92x height of head; length of eye in dorsal view 1.55x temple; eyes 1.55x as long as wide; OOL : AOL : POL : 0OD =7:3:5:2; malar space as long as basal width of mandible; face as long as wide; face smooth with 24 dense whitish pilosity ; frons and vertex smooth with sparse whitish pilosity; occipital carina complete; dorsally weak and laterally strong.

Mesosoma : Length of mesosoma 1.75x its height; scutum smooth; notauli broad and crenulate; pronotum dorsally striate and

laterally crenulate; scutellum smooth; scutellar sulcus crenulate;

mesopleuron smooth and shiny; metanotum crenulate; metapleuron

reticulate; propodeum carinate with somewhat rugulose sculpture

between carinae.

Wings : Fore wing 3x as long as wide; marginal cell shorter than the length of stigma; stigma about 3x as long as wide ; veins r:

SR1 =2:13; SR1 curved; cu-a postfurcal; 1-SR+M absent.

Legs: Hind coxa smooth; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4x, 10.5x and 4x their width respectively; length of hind tibial spurs 3x hind basitarsus.

Metasoma : Length of metasoma about 1.8x as long as wide; 1st tergite striate and about 2.75x as long as apical width; basal width 0.5x as wide as apical width; basal 1/4 of 1st tergite not fused ventrally, rest of the tergites smooth and shiny without any 25 indication of suture between 2 and 3; length of ovipositor 0.47x tiie length of the metasoma.

Body Length : 2.40 mm ; Forewing : 2 mm

Male: Similar to female except the following: scape 1.5x as long as wide; F1-F4 2.5x as long as wide; F6-F16 2x as long as wide; F17-F18 1.5x as long as wide.

Body Length :2.57 mm

Holotype: 9 INDIA: U.P., Kannauj; 16-V-2002; sweeping

on grass, coll. Mohammad Shamim.

Paratype: S same with the data as holotype.

Remarks: The new species Marshiella homala is closely related to M. pulvillicornis (Walley and Mackay). However, it differs in i. having basal 1/4 of P* tergite not fused ventrally and ii. occipital carina weak dorsally. Marshiella homala sp.nov., $

16. Fore wing

17. Propodeum with petiole

18. Antenna S

19. Antenna?

20. Head (front view)

21. Ovipositor

Scale lines: figs: 16-21, 0.5mm 16

17

18

20 26

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