Сравнение Ассемблерных Трансляторов Крис Касперски, Aka Мыщъх, Aka Nezumi, Aka Elrton, Aka Souriz, No E-Mail
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NASM – the Netwide Assembler
NASM – The Netwide Assembler version 2.14rc7 © 1996−2017 The NASM Development Team — All Rights Reserved This document is redistributable under the license given in the file "LICENSE" distributed in the NASM archive. Contents Chapter 1: Introduction . 17 1.1 What Is NASM?. 17 1.1.1 License Conditions . 17 Chapter 2: Running NASM . 19 2.1 NASM Command−Line Syntax . 19 2.1.1 The −o Option: Specifying the Output File Name . 19 2.1.2 The −f Option: Specifying the Output File Format . 20 2.1.3 The −l Option: Generating a Listing File . 20 2.1.4 The −M Option: Generate Makefile Dependencies. 20 2.1.5 The −MG Option: Generate Makefile Dependencies . 20 2.1.6 The −MF Option: Set Makefile Dependency File. 20 2.1.7 The −MD Option: Assemble and Generate Dependencies . 20 2.1.8 The −MT Option: Dependency Target Name . 21 2.1.9 The −MQ Option: Dependency Target Name (Quoted) . 21 2.1.10 The −MP Option: Emit phony targets . 21 2.1.11 The −MW Option: Watcom Make quoting style . 21 2.1.12 The −F Option: Selecting a Debug Information Format . 21 2.1.13 The −g Option: Enabling Debug Information. 21 2.1.14 The −X Option: Selecting an Error Reporting Format . 21 2.1.15 The −Z Option: Send Errors to a File. 22 2.1.16 The −s Option: Send Errors to stdout ..........................22 2.1.17 The −i Option: Include File Search Directories . 22 2.1.18 The −p Option: Pre−Include a File . 22 2.1.19 The −d Option: Pre−Define a Macro . -
Asmc Macro Assembler Reference Asmc Macro Assembler Reference
Asmc Macro Assembler Reference Asmc Macro Assembler Reference This document lists some of the differences between Asmc, JWasm, and Masm. In This Section Asmc Command-Line Option Describes the Asmc command-line option. Asmc Error Messages Describes Asmc fatal and nonfatal error messages and warnings. Asmc Extensions Provides links to topics discussing Masm versus Asmc. Directives Reference Provides links to topics discussing the use of directives in Asmc. Symbols Reference Provides links to topics discussing the use of symbols in Asmc. Change Log | Forum Asmc Macro Assembler Reference Asmc Command-Line Reference Assembles and links one or more assembly-language source files. The command-line options are case sensitive. ASMC [[options]] filename [[ [[options]] filename]] options The options listed in the following table. Set CPU: 0=8086 (default), 1=80186, 2=80286, 3=80386, 4=80486, /[0|1|..|10][p] 5=Pentium,6=PPro,7=P2,8=P3,9=P4,10=x86-64. [p] allows privileged instructions. /assert Generate .assert(code). Same as .assert:on. /bin Generate plain binary file. Push user registers before stack-frame is created in a /Cs proc. /coff Generate COFF format object file. /Cp Preserves case of all user identifiers. /Cu Maps all identifiers to upper case (default). Link switch used with /pe -- subsystem:console /cui (default). /Cx Preserves case in public and extern symbols. Defines a text macro with the given name. If value is /Dsymbol[[=value]] missing, it is blank. Multiple tokens separated by spaces must be enclosed in quotation marks. /enumber Set error limit number. /elf Generate 32-bit ELF object file. /elf64 Generate 64-bit ELF object file. -
NASM — the Netwide Assembler Version 2.09.04
NASM — The Netwide Assembler version 2.09.04 -~~..~:#;L .-:#;L,.- .~:#:;.T -~~.~:;. .~:;. E8+U *T +U' *T# .97 *L E8+' *;T' *;, D97 `*L .97 '*L "T;E+:, D9 *L *L H7 I# T7 I# "*:. H7 I# I# U: :8 *#+ , :8 T, 79 U: :8 :8 ,#B. .IE, "T;E* .IE, J *+;#:T*" ,#B. .IE, .IE, © 1996−2010 The NASM Development Team — All Rights Reserved This document is redistributable under the license given in the file "LICENSE" distributed in the NASM archive. Contents Chapter 1: Introduction . .15 1.1 What Is NASM? . .15 1.1.1 Why Yet Another Assembler?. .15 1.1.2 License Conditions . .15 1.2 Contact Information . .16 1.3 Installation. .16 1.3.1 Installing NASM under MS−DOS or Windows . .16 1.3.2 Installing NASM under Unix . .17 Chapter 2: Running NASM . .18 2.1 NASM Command−Line Syntax . .18 2.1.1 The −o Option: Specifying the Output File Name . .18 2.1.2 The −f Option: Specifying the Output File Format . .19 2.1.3 The −l Option: Generating a Listing File . .19 2.1.4 The −M Option: Generate Makefile Dependencies . .19 2.1.5 The −MG Option: Generate Makefile Dependencies . .19 2.1.6 The −MF Option: Set Makefile Dependency File . .19 2.1.7 The −MD Option: Assemble and Generate Dependencies. .19 2.1.8 The −MT Option: Dependency Target Name. .20 2.1.9 The −MQ Option: Dependency Target Name (Quoted) . .20 2.1.10 The −MP Option: Emit phony targets. .20 2.1.11 The −F Option: Selecting a Debug Information Format . -
Linux Assembly HOWTO Linux Assembly HOWTO
Linux Assembly HOWTO Linux Assembly HOWTO Table of Contents Linux Assembly HOWTO..................................................................................................................................1 Konstantin Boldyshev and François−René Rideau................................................................................1 1.INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................1 2.DO YOU NEED ASSEMBLY?...........................................................................................................1 3.ASSEMBLERS.....................................................................................................................................1 4.METAPROGRAMMING/MACROPROCESSING............................................................................2 5.CALLING CONVENTIONS................................................................................................................2 6.QUICK START....................................................................................................................................2 7.RESOURCES.......................................................................................................................................2 1. INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................2 1.1 Legal Blurb........................................................................................................................................2 -
Optimizing Subroutines in Assembly Language an Optimization Guide for X86 Platforms
2. Optimizing subroutines in assembly language An optimization guide for x86 platforms By Agner Fog. Copenhagen University College of Engineering. Copyright © 1996 - 2012. Last updated 2012-02-29. Contents 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Reasons for using assembly code .............................................................................. 5 1.2 Reasons for not using assembly code ........................................................................ 5 1.3 Microprocessors covered by this manual .................................................................... 6 1.4 Operating systems covered by this manual................................................................. 7 2 Before you start................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Things to decide before you start programming .......................................................... 7 2.2 Make a test strategy.................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Common coding pitfalls............................................................................................. 10 3 The basics of assembly coding........................................................................................ 12 3.1 Assemblers available ................................................................................................ 12 3.2 Register set -
Different Emulators to Write 8086 Assembly Language Programs
Different Emulators to write 8086 assembly language programs Subject: IWM Content • Emu8086 • TASM(Turbo Assembler) • MASM(Microsoft Macro Assembler) • NASM(Netwide Assembler) • FASM(Flat Assembler) Emu8086 • Emu8086 combines an advanced source editor, assembler, disassembler, software emulator with debugger, and step by step tutorials • It permit to assemble, emulate and debug 8086 programs. • This emulator was made for Windows, it works fine on GNU/Linux (with the help of Wine). • The source code is compiled by assembler and then executed on Emulator step-by-step, allowing to watch registers, flags and memory while program runs. how to run program on Emu8086 • Download Emu8086 through this link : https://download.cnet.com/Emu8086-Microprocessor- Emulator/3000-2069_4-10392690.html • Start Emu8086 by running Emu8086.exe • Select “Examples" from "File" menu. • Click “Emulate” button (or press F5). • Click “Single Step” button (or press F8) and watch how the code is being executed. Turbo Assembler(Tasm) • Turbo Assembler (TASM) is a computer assembler developed by Borland which runs on and produces code for 16- or 32-bit x86 DOS or Microsoft Windows. • The Turbo Assembler package is bundled with the Turbo Linker, and is interoperable with the Turbo Debugger. • Turbo Assembler (TASM) a small 16-bit computer program which enables us to write 16 bit i.e. x86 programming code on 32-bit machine. It can be used with any high level language compliers like GCC compiler set to build object files. So that programmers can use their daily routine machines to write 16-bit code and execute on x86 devices. how to run program using TASM • Download TASM through this link : https://techapple.net/2013/01/tasm-windows-7-windows-8-full- screen-64bit-version-single-installer/ • Start TASM by running tasm.exe • It will open DOSBOX. -
First Osborne Group (FOG) Records
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8611668 No online items First Osborne Group (FOG) records Finding aid prepared by Jack Doran and Sara Chabino Lott Processing of this collection was made possible through generous funding from the National Archives’ National Historical Publications & Records Commission: Access to Historical Records grant. Computer History Museum 1401 N. Shoreline Blvd. Mountain View, CA, 94043 (650) 810-1010 [email protected] August, 2019 First Osborne Group (FOG) X4071.2007 1 records Title: First Osborne Group (FOG) records Identifier/Call Number: X4071.2007 Contributing Institution: Computer History Museum Language of Material: English Physical Description: 26.57 Linear feet, 3 record cartons, 5 manuscript boxes, 2 periodical boxes, 18 software boxes Date (bulk): Bulk, 1981-1993 Date (inclusive): 1979-1997 Abstract: The First Osborne Group (FOG) records contain software and documentation created primarily between 1981 and 1993. This material was created or authored by FOG members for other members using hardware compatible with CP/M and later MS and PC-DOS software. The majority of the collection consists of software written by FOG members to be shared through the library. Also collected are textual materials held by the library, some internal correspondence, and an incomplete collection of the FOG newsletters. creator: First Osborne Group. Processing Information Collection surveyed by Sydney Gulbronson Olson, 2017. Collection processed by Jack Doran, 2019. Access Restrictions The collection is open for research. Publication Rights The Computer History Museum (CHM) can only claim physical ownership of the collection. Users are responsible for satisfying any claims of the copyright holder. Requests for copying and permission to publish, quote, or reproduce any portion of the Computer History Museum’s collection must be obtained jointly from both the copyright holder (if applicable) and the Computer History Museum as owner of the material. -
Kafl: Hardware-Assisted Feedback Fuzzing for OS Kernels
kAFL: Hardware-Assisted Feedback Fuzzing for OS Kernels Sergej Schumilo1, Cornelius Aschermann1, Robert Gawlik1, Sebastian Schinzel2, Thorsten Holz1 1Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2Münster University of Applied Sciences Motivation IJG jpeg libjpeg-turbo libpng libtiff mozjpeg PHP Mozilla Firefox Internet Explorer PCRE sqlite OpenSSL LibreOffice poppler freetype GnuTLS GnuPG PuTTY ntpd nginx bash tcpdump JavaScriptCore pdfium ffmpeg libmatroska libarchive ImageMagick BIND QEMU lcms Adobe Flash Oracle BerkeleyDB Android libstagefright iOS ImageIO FLAC audio library libsndfile less lesspipe strings file dpkg rcs systemd-resolved libyaml Info-Zip unzip libtasn1OpenBSD pfctl NetBSD bpf man mandocIDA Pro clamav libxml2glibc clang llvmnasm ctags mutt procmail fontconfig pdksh Qt wavpack OpenSSH redis lua-cmsgpack taglib privoxy perl libxmp radare2 SleuthKit fwknop X.Org exifprobe jhead capnproto Xerces-C metacam djvulibre exiv Linux btrfs Knot DNS curl wpa_supplicant Apple Safari libde265 dnsmasq libbpg lame libwmf uudecode MuPDF imlib2 libraw libbson libsass yara W3C tidy- html5 VLC FreeBSD syscons John the Ripper screen tmux mosh UPX indent openjpeg MMIX OpenMPT rxvt dhcpcd Mozilla NSS Nettle mbed TLS Linux netlink Linux ext4 Linux xfs botan expat Adobe Reader libav libical OpenBSD kernel collectd libidn MatrixSSL jasperMaraDNS w3m Xen OpenH232 irssi cmark OpenCV Malheur gstreamer Tor gdk-pixbuf audiofilezstd lz4 stb cJSON libpcre MySQL gnulib openexr libmad ettercap lrzip freetds Asterisk ytnefraptor mpg123 exempi libgmime pev v8 sed awk make -
Assembly Language Step-By-Step: Programming with DOS and Linux
Assembly Language Step-by-Step: Programming with DOS and Linux, Second Edition by Jeff Duntemann ISBN:0471375233 John Wiley & Sons © 2000 (613 pages) A “Lost World” journey into 16-bit assembler programming concepts and techniques. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> Table of Contents Assembly Language Step-by-Step—Programming with DOS and Linux, Second Edition Foreword Introduction - "Why Would You Want to Do That?" Another Pleasant Valley Saturday Understanding What Computers Chapter 1 - Really Do Chapter 2 - Alien Bases Getting Your Arms around Binary and Hexadecimal Chapter 3 - Lifting the Hood Discovering What Computers Actually Are The Right to Assemble The Process of Making Assembly Language Chapter 4 - Programs NASM-IDE: A Place to Stand Give me a lever long enough, and a Chapter 5 - place to stand, and I will move the Earth. An Uneasy Alliance The x86 CPU and Its Segmented Memory Chapter 6 - System Following Your Instructions Meeting Machine Instructions up Close Chapter 7 - and Personal Chapter 8 - Our Object All Sublime Creating Programs that Work Dividing and Conquering Using Procedures and Macros to Battle Chapter 9 - Complexity Bits, Flags, Branches, and Tables Easing into Mainstream Chapter 10 - Assembly Programming Chapter 11 - Stringing Them Up Those Amazing String Instructions The Programmer's View of Linux Tools and Skills to Help You Write Chapter 12 - Assembly Code under a True 32-Bit OS Coding for Linux Applying What You've Learned to a True Chapter 13 - Protected Mode Operating System Conclusion - Not the End, But Only the Beginning Appendix A - Partial 8086/8088 Instruction Set Reference Appendix B - Segment Register Assumptions for Real Mode Segmented Model Appendix C - Web URLs for Assembly Programmers Appendix D - Segment Register Assumptions Appendix E - What's on the CD-ROM? Index List of Figures List of Tables Back Cover The bestselling guide to assembly language--now updated and expanded to include coverage of Linux. -
Hydan: Hiding Information in Program Binaries
Hydan: Hiding Information in Program Binaries Rakan El-Khalil and Angelos D. Keromytis Department of Computer Science, Columbia University in the City of New York {rfe3,angelos}@cs.columbia.edu Abstract. We present a scheme to steganographically embed information in x86 program binaries. We define sets of functionally-equivalent instructions, and use a key-derived selection process to encode information in machine code by using the appropriate instructions from each set. Such a scheme can be used to water- mark (or fingerprint) code, sign executables, or simply create a covert communi- cation channel. We experimentally measure the capacity of the covert channel by determining the distribution of equivalent instructions in several popular operat- ing system distributions. Our analysis shows that we can embed only a limited 1 amount of information in each executable (approximately 110 bit encoding rate), although this amount is sufficient for some of the potential applications men- tioned. We conclude by discussing potential improvements to the capacity of the channel and other future work. 1 Introduction Traditional information-hiding techniques encode ancillary information inside data such as still images, video, or audio. They typically do so in a way that an observer does not notice them, by using redundant bits in the medium. The definition of “redundancy” depends on the medium under consideration (cover medium). Because of their invasive nature, information-hiding systems are often easy to detect, although considerable work has gone into hiding any patterns [1]. In modern steganography, a secret key is used to both encrypt the information-to-be-encoded and select a subset of the redundant bits to be used for the encoding process. -
Assembler Programmēšana Un*X Vidē
Aldis Berjoza Assembler programmēšana Un*x vidē Written by Aldis Berjoza, 2010 http://hg.bsdroot.lv/pub/aldis/asm4BSD Released under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License Pēdējo reizi atjaunots 2010.11.22. Apskatāmās Unix veidīgās operētājsistēmas BSD: FreeBSD http://www.freebsd.org OpenBSD http://openbsd.org NetBSD http://netbsd.org DragonflyBSD http://dragonflybsd.org GNU/Linux: Visi n-zin-cik distributīvi, Kodols http://kernel.org/ Rīki Tradicionālie rīki Kodola izsaukumu sekotāji as jeb gas – GNU assembler ktrace & kdump (uz BSD) ld – GNU linker strace (uz GNU/Linux) gdb – GNU debugger objdump Citi assembleri: Citi debugeri Fasm – flat assembler ald Nasm – netwide assembler edb Yasm Citi rīki procstat (uz FreeBSD) lsof (uz Linux) EDB - pašlaik darbojas tikai uz Linux un, iespējams, uz OpenBSD, bet nākamā versija varētu darboties arī uz FreeBSD [tā cer EDB autors] GAS – GNU Assembler Plusi: ● Parasti jau iekļauts operētājsistēmā (var saukties as vai gas) ● Spēj nolasīt C/C++ valodas iekļaujamos .h apraksta failus¹ ● Var atkļūdot ar gdb ● Ļoti pārnēsājams Mīnusi ● Pēc noklusējuma izmanto AT&T sintaksi GAS failiem pieņemts izmantot .s paplašinājumu (file extension) http://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/ 1) turpmāk tekstā .h faili GDB – GNU debugger Plusi: ● Parasti iekļauts operētājsistēmā ● Labs atkļūdotājs C/C++ programmām ● (runā, ka) darbojas, ja asemblera kods ir komilēts ar GAS un ir atkļūdošanas simboli (debugging symbols) ● Ļoti pārnēsājams Mīnusi: ● Ja nav pieejams programmas kods – GDB nekam neder ● Nepierasts interfeiss -
Portable Paper
Volume 2, Number 6 The HP Portable/Portable Plus Users Newsletter November / December, 1987 PortableTHE Paper ";1\ More tn,'~ "-'"-"'"'-'""'""""""'''''''''7"''''':I"I~~''''''''''''~''''''''"""""""fit "Rl!JtJ""'"'"'''''' ,"',," """"""-" " "";w',\'HOOiU/ f"lp ette', the ne,§~p"A7:memory'upgra(re::":':""-"":"A\last\\§ ial file Portabl'_tra:::':":L:":':"follf1'e'HP110~'C::"":\":'",,,·,,·"traHSfer' :,", ram for l/;~'g;;::/')i:;;:;~·~;;;/.~·/;:.~;./~.;:;;/&Hl;it~i.SR~t::;~~~::~:://;/;~;~;:;;;~//;:;tIle~JR9I_ " PI us // if ,II Publisher's Message ...................... 3 News From Personalized Software Letters New Products ........................... 20 Portable Plus Free Upgrade .................. 3 Which Memory Option to Choose ........... 20 Problems Overseas ........................ 4 ROM News ............................. 22 Condor 3 On The HPI50 and Plus ............ 5 Price Reductions .. , ............... , ' ..... 23 Software For Transferring Files .............. 42 Fall Catalog ............................. 26 110% Portable Equipment Exchange .............. 26 Portable Vectra Update ..................... 6 B Drive Portable, External, RAM Disk ................ 7 MultMate 3.31: Professional Word Processor ... 26 Plus Updates and Upgrades .................. 8 MultMate vs. MSWord ..................... 28 The Portables' Battery ..................... 8 A Drive Environment Space and PAM.ENV ........... 40 What is Duette? .......................... 28 Turn On ............................... 40 Ease of Use ........................... 28 PAM and