Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union IAU Symposium No. 329 IAU Symposium IAU Symposium 28 November–2 December Research on massive stars is undergoing a period of rapid progress Auckland, New Zealand with long-held convictions being shown to be incomplete. While 329 these stars are relatively few in number, they are the main driver of chemical and dynamical evolution in galaxies through their stellar winds and explosive deaths in core-collapse supernovae. Furthermore the impact of massive stars is widely recognized in 28 November– 329 28 November–2 December many areas, as they are often used as tools to interpret the 2 December The Lives and conditions and processes arising in different environments. In Auckland, New Zealand The Lives and parallel, the development of new instrumentation, analysis Auckland, Death-Throes of techniques and dedicated surveys across all possible wavelengths New Zealand have delivered large amounts of exquisite new data. These data are Death-Throes of now providing a harsh test for the current state-of-the-art Massive Stars theoretical calculations of massive star birth, evolution and death. IAU Symposium 329 covers these topics and is therefore an invaluable resource for researchers in the fi eld of massive stars and Massive Stars their evolution.

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union Editor in Chief: Dr Piero Benvenuti This series contains the proceedings of major scientifi c meetings held by the International Astronomical Union. Each volume contains a series of articles on a topic of current interest in astronomy, giving a timely overview of research in the fi eld. With The Lives and contributions by leading scientists, these books are at a level Death-Throes of suitable for research astronomers and graduate students. Edited by Massive Stars

Eldridge J.J. Eldridge Bray McClelland John C. Bray Xiao Liam A.S. McClelland Lin Xiao

ISSN 1743-9213

International Astronomical Union International Astronomical Union Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union

Cambridge Core ISBN 978-1-107-17006-3 For further information about this journal please go to the journal website at: cambridge.org/iau

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COVER ILLUSTRATION: R136 in the 30 Doradus Nebula in the LMC.

By NASA, ESA, F. Paresce (INAF-IASF, Bologna, Italy), R. O’Connell (Univer- sity of Virginia, Charlottesville), and the Wide Field Camera 3 Science Oversight Committee, http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2009/32/image/a/ Public Domain: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8819141.

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Chief Editor PIERO BENVENUTI, IAU General Secretary IAU-UAI Secretariat 98-bis Blvd Arago F-75014 Paris France [email protected]

Editor MARIA TERESA LAGO, IAU Assistant General Secretary Universidade do Porto Centro de Astrof´ısica Rua das Estrelas 4150-762 Porto Portugal [email protected]

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International Astronomical Union U U THE LIVES AND DEATH-THROES OF MASSIVE STARS

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 329th SYMPOSIUM OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION HELD IN AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND NOVEMBER 28–DECEMBER 2, 2016

Edited by

J.J. ELDRIDGE Department of Physics, University of Auckland

JOHN C. BRAY Department of Physics, University of Auckland

LIAM A.S. McCLELLAND Department of Physics, University of Auckland

and LIN XIAO Department of Physics, University of Auckland

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This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of the International Astronomical Union.

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ISBN 9781107170063 hardback ISSN 1743-9213

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Preface...... xiv

The Organizing Committee ...... xviii

Conference Photograph ...... xix

Participants...... xx

Session 1: Introduction Massive stars, successes and challenges ...... 3 G. Meynet, A. Maeder, C. Georgy, S. Ekstr¨om, P. Eggenberger, F. Barblan &H.F.Song

Session 2: Death throes: supernovae, stellar deaths and progenitor The Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion Mechanism ...... 17 B. M¨uller Core-Collape Supernova Progenitors: Light-Curve and Stellar-Evolution Models 25 M. C. Bersten The progenitors of core-collapse supernovae ...... 32 M. Fraser Radiation Hydrodynamical Models for Type I Superluminous Supernovae: Con- straints on Progenitors and Explosion Mechanisms...... 39 K. Nomoto, A. Tolstov, E. Sorokina, S. Blinnikov, M. Bersten & T. Suzuki SN 2015bh: an LBV becomes NGC 2770s fourth SN... or not? ...... 44 C. C. Th¨one, A. de Ugarte Postigo & G. Leloudas Emission-line Diagnostics of Nearby HII Regions Including Supernova Hosts . . . 49 L. Xiao, J. J. Eldridge, E. Stanway & L. Galbany Reconstructing the Scene: New Views of Supernovae and Progenitors from the SNSPOLProject...... 54 J. L. Hoffman, G. G. Williams, D. C. Leonard, C. Bilinski, L. Dessart, L. N. Huk, J. C. Mauerhan, P. Milne, A. L. Porter, N. Smith & P. S. Smith The evolution of red supergiants to supernovae...... 59 E. R. Beasor & B. Davies Blue supergiant progenitors from binary mergers for SN 1987A and other Type II-peculiar supernovae ...... 64 A. Menon & A. Heger The mass-loss before the end: two luminous blue variables with a collimated stellar wind...... 69 C. Agliozzo, C. Trigilio, C. Buemi, P. Leto, G. Umana, G. Pignata, N. M. Phillips, R. Nikutta & J. L. Prieto

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Session 3: Observations and surveys of massive stars: hot stars, cool stars, transition objects and binaries Highly accurate quantitative spectroscopy of massive stars in the Galaxy ...... 81 M.-F. Nieva & N. Przybilla OWN Survey: a spectroscopic monitoring of Southern Galactic O and WN-type stars...... 89 R. H. Barb´a, R. Gamen, J. I. Arias & N. I. Morrell Resolving the mass loss from red supergiants by high angular resolution ...... 97 K. Ohnaka The Young and the Massive: Stars at the upper end of the Initial Mass Function 104 S. M. Caballero-Nieves & P. A. Crowther The multiplicity of massive stars: a 2016 view...... 110 H. Sana Progenitors of binary black hole mergers detected by LIGO ...... 118 K. Postnov & A. Kuranov What can magnetic early B-type stars tell us about early B-type stars in general? 126 M.Shultz,G.Wade,T.Rivinius,C.Neiner,E.Alecian,V.Petit, J. Grunhut & the MiMeS & BinaMIcS Collaborations Re-examing the Upper Mass Limit of Very Massive Stars: VFTS 682, an isolated [1pt]∼130 M twin of R136’s WN5h core stars...... 131 M. M. Rubio-D´ıez, F. Najarro, M. Garc´ıa & J. O. Sundqvist New runaway O-type stars in the first Gaia Data Release ...... 136 J. M. Apell´aniz, R. H. Barb´a, S. Sim´on-D´ıaz, I. Negueruela & E. T. P´aez The evolution of magnetic fields in hot stars ...... 141 M. E. Oksala, C. Neiner, C. Georgy, N. Przybilla, Z. Keszthelyi, G. Wade, S. Mathis, A. Blaz`ere & B. Buysschaert Magneto-asteroseismology of massive magnetic pulsators...... 146 B. Buysschaert, C. Neiner & C. Aerts X-ray diagnostics of massive star winds ...... 151 L. M. Oskinova, R. Ignace & D. P. Huenemoerder Taking the Measure of Massive Stars and their Environments with the CHARA ArrayLong-baselineInterferometer...... 156 D. R. Gies The Red Supergiant Content of the Local Group ...... 161 P. Massey, E. Levesque, K. Neugent, K. Evans, M. Drout & M. Beck A high-contrast imaging survey of nearby red supergiants ...... 166 P. Scicluna, R. Siebenmorgen, J. Blommaert, F. Kemper, R. Wesson &S.Wolf

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Session 4: Theory of stellar evolution & atmospheres: beyond standard physics, rotation, duplicity, mass loss and magnetic fields and instabilities Evolution models of red supergiants...... 193 C. Georgy Common envelope: progress and transients ...... 199 N. Ivanova Clumping in stellar winds and interiors ...... 207 G. Gr¨afener Recent advances in non-LTE stellar atmosphere models ...... 215 A. A. C. Sander Massive stars in advanced evolutionary stages, and the progenitor of GW150914 223 W.-R. Hamann, L. Oskinova, H. Todt, A. Sander, R. Hainich, T. Shenar & V. Ramachandran PropertiesofOdwarfstarsin30Doradus...... 228 C. Sab´ın-Sanjuli´an & the VFTS collaboration Dynamo Scaling Relationships ...... 233 K. Augustson, S. Mathis, S. Brun & J. Toomre The First 3D Simulations of Carbon Burning in a Massive Star ...... 237 A. Cristini, C. Meakin, R. Hirschi, D. Arnett, C. Georgy & M. Viallet Effect of a Dipole Magnetic Field on Stellar Mass-Loss ...... 242 C. Bard & R. Townsend NewInsightsintothePuzzlingP-CygniProfilesofMagneticMassiveStars.... 246 C. Erba, A. David-Uraz, V. Petit & S. P. Owocki The evolution of magnetic hot massive stars: Implementation of the quantitative influence of surface magnetic fields in modern models of stellar evolution . . 250 Z. Keszthelyi, G. A. Wade & V. Petit Helium stars: Towards an understanding of Wolf–Rayet evolution ...... 255 L. A. S. McClelland & J. J. Eldridge

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Session 6: Conference Summary Symposium Summary ...... 339 E. M. Levesque TalksalsopresentedattheSymposium...... 346 Talks also presented at the Symposium

Splinter Session: X-ray observations of massive stars Stellar Winds in Massive X-ray Binaries ...... 355 P. Kretschmar, S. Mart´ınez-N´u˜nez, E. Bozzo, L. M. Oskinova, J. Puls, L. Sidoli, J. O. Sundqvist, P. Blay, M. Falanga, F. F¨urst, A. G´ımenez-Garc´ıa,I.Kreykenbohm,M.K¨uhnel, A. Sander, J. M. Torrej´on, J. Wilms, P. Podsiadlowski & A. Manousakis

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Posters Stellar and wind parameters of massive stars from spectral analysis...... 383 I. Araya & M. Cur´e Mass-ejection events in Be stars triggered by coupled nonradial pulsation modes 384 D. Baade, Th. Rivinius, A. Pigulski, A. Carciofi & BEST Observations of Bright Massive Stars Using Small Size Telescopes ...... 385 S. Beradze & N. Kochiashvili Searching for self-enrichment in Cygnus OB2 ...... 386 S. R. Berlanas, A. Herrero, F. Comer´on, A. Pasquali & S. Sim´on-D´ıaz Is the Link Between the Observed Velocities of Neutron Stars and their Progenitors a Simple Mass Relationship? ...... 387 J. C. Bray Detectability of Wolf-Rayet stars in M33 and Beyond the Local Group ...... 388 A. J. Brocklebank, J. L. Pledger & A. E. Sansom B-supergiants in IC1613: testing low-Z massive star physics and evolution . .... 389 I. Camacho, M. Garc´ıa, M. A. Urbaneja & A. Herrero HDUST3 — A chemically realistic, 3-D, NLTE radiative transfer code ...... 390 A. C. Carciofi, J. E. Bjorkman & J. Zsarg´o Wind-embedded shocks in FASTWIND: X-ray emission and K-shell absorption . 391 L. P. Carneiro, J. Puls, J. O. Sundqvist & T. L. Hoffmann Red supergiant stars in NGC 4449, NGC 5055, and NGC 5457 ...... 392 S.-H. Chun, Y.-J. Sohn, M. Asplund & L. Casagrande

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Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.42, on 30 Sep 2021 at 17:25:45, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743921317003623 xii Contents A new sample of red supergiants in the Inner Galaxy ...... 425 M. Messineo, Q. Zhu, D. F. Figer, K. M. Menten, V. D. Ivanov, R.-P. Kudritzki & C.-H. R. Chen Light-curve and spectral properties of ultra-stripped core-collapse supernovae . . 426 T. J. Moriya WR148andthenotsocompactcompanion ...... 427 M. Munoz, A. J. Moffat, G. M. Hill, T. Shenar, N. D. Richardson, H. Pablo, N. St-Louis & T. Ramiaramanantsoa Multi-messenger signals from core-collapse supernovae...... 428 K. Nakamura, S. Horiuchi, M. Tanaka, K. Hayama, T. Takiwaki & K. Kotake Up and downs of a magnetic oblique rotator viewed at high resolution ...... 429 Y. Naz´e, S. A. Zhekov & A. ud-Doula The quest for magnetic massive stars in the Magellanic Clouds ...... 430 Y. Naz´e, S. Bagnulo, N.R. Walborn, N. Morrell, G. A. Wade, M. K. Szymanski, R. H. D. Townsend Mass of dust in core-collapse supernovae as viewed from energy balance in the ejecta...... 431 T. Nozawa Tidal tearing of circumstellar disks in Be/X-ray and gamma-ray binaries ...... 432 A. T. Okazaki Observational signatures of hot-star magnetospheres ...... 433 M. E. Oksala Shear-driven transport and mixing in the interiors of massive stars ...... 434 V. Prat & S. Mathis FASTWIND reloaded: Complete comoving frame transfer for “all” contributing lines...... 435 J. Puls CHIPS: The Carina High-contrast Imaging Project of massive Stars ...... 436 A. Rainot, H. Sana, C. A. Gomez-Gonzalez, O. Absil, P. DeLorme, L. Almeida, S. Caballero-Nieves, K. Kratter, S. Lacour, J.-B. Le Bouquin, L. Pueyo & H. Zinnecker Properties of the O-type giants and supergiants in 30 Doradus...... 437 O. H. Ram´ırez-Agudelo & V. consortium MassivestarsinyoungVVVclusters...... 438 S. R. Alegr´ıa, J. Borissova & A.-N. Chen´e Massive pre-main sequence stars in M17 ...... 439 M. C. Ram´ırez-Tannus, L. Kaper, A. de Koter, F. Tramper, H. Sana, O. H. Ramirez-Agudelo, A. Bik, L. E. Ellerbroek & B. B. Ochsendorf Notsolonely:TheLBVbinaryHRCar...... 440 T. Rivinius, H. M. J. Boffin, A. M´erand, A. Mehner, J.-B. LeBouquin, D. Pourbaix, W.-J. de Wit & C. Martayan

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Research on Massive Stars is undergoing a period of rapid progress. While these stars are relatively few in number they are the main driver of chemical and dynamical evolution in galaxies via their stellar winds and explosive deaths in core-collapse supernovae. Our understanding of massive stars is going through a remarkable time of change with long held convictions being shown to be incomplete. This evidence arises from new research concerning the formation and evolution of massive stars and linking this to their deaths in core-collapse supernovae. Now is a fortuitous time to make significant advances in massive star research. This meeting was proposed with the central rationale to bring together the two communities that study massive stars and their supernovae. The impact of massive stars is widely recognized. They are used as tools to interpret the conditions and processes arising in different environments (studies of Galactic struc- ture, chemical and dynamical feedback, population synthesis, Starbursts, high-z galaxies and cosmic reionization). In parallel, the development of new instrumentation, analysis techniques and dedicated surveys across all possible wavelengths have delivered large amounts of exquisite new data. This data is now providing a harsh test for the current state-of-the-art theoretical calculations of massive star birth, evolution and death. We are beginning to gain some measure of success understanding how complex phe- nomena such as magnetic fields, pulsations, rotation, mergers and multiplicity act within massive stars. This enables us to revolutionize our understanding of short-lived and enig- matic phases such as seen in Wolf-Rayet stars, Red Supergiants, the Luminous Blue Variables and B-Supergiants. But at the same time, mysteries persist surrounding these phases and the supernovae produced by these stars. For example there is growing evidence that all these stars, except the Wolf-Rayet stars, give rise to supernovae. Finally, while we know individual stars are important, the impact of massive star populations via their evolution and death, including the influence of X-ray and gamma- ray binaries, is of high interest to those studying the high-z Universe. Locating the source of photons needed to reionize the early Universe remains unsolved. Uncertainties in our understanding of massive star populations impacts our interpretation of galaxies at the edge of the observable Universe and how the Universe became transparent. In view of recent developments and the significant impact massive stars have in the broader community, a new IAU Symposium in late 2016 was proposed. The meeting summarized recent progress and established stronger links between the massive star com- munity and closely-linked fields, particularly those studying end stages of massive star evolution and massive star cosmic implications. The massive star community has traditionally held IAU Symposia with a frequency of 4-5 years (Argentina, 1971; Canada, 1978; Mexico, 1981; Greece, 1985; Indonesia, 1990; Italy, 1994; Mexico, 1998; Spain, 2002; USA, 2007). More recently, a last meeting was held in Greece in June 2013, without IAU sponsorship, but with great success (225 participants from 27 countries). Seeking for a long-term geographical balance, the IAU MSWG selected New Zealand as location for this meeting among a total of seven proposals. We hoped that the selection of this venue will allow greater participation by countries in the Asia and Pacific area. The meeting covered 4 broad areas related to massive stars and included one splinter session. The topics were: (a) Massive stars deaths in core-collapse supernova and other events. (b) Observations of massive stars. (c) Theoretical modelling of massive stars.

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J.J. Eldridge, Margaret Hanson and Artemio Herrero, co-chairs SOC.

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We are also particularly proud that our meeting from the onset worked hard to achieve an equitable meeting. Key to this was setting up an balanced SOC with 7 men, 7 women and 1 person of diverse gender. Also in selecting invited and contributed abstracts mem- bers were reminded to think about achieving an equitable balance at the meeting our efforts appeared to pay off. We also had the impression that the population of junior scientists, students and post-docs, was higher than usual at an international conference. 21% of the talks were given by PhD students with two-thirds of these being women. This was another indication of our positive approach. For all talks 68% were by men and 32% by women. This was representative of the number of abstracts submitted and similar to the balance of attendees (Men 68.5%, Women 30.9%, Diverse 0.6%). The first day we were able to achieve equity with the ratio at 48% to 52%. We list the relevant equity statistics below in two tables. The meeting also had a code of conduct to make the meeting spaces safe, inclusive and free of harassment. In the shortest form it said,

NZstars2016 is dedicated to providing an equitable and harassment-free conference experience for everyone regardless of gender, gender identity and expression, sexual orientation, dis- ability, physical appearance, body size, race, age or religion. We do not tolerate harassment of conference participants in any form. Conference participants violating these rules may be sanctioned at the discretion of the conference organizers

A reporting proceeding was explained on the first day as well as identifying those on the “equity committee” who were responsible for enforcing the code. The experiment worked well but in future we recommend that the process to deal with breaches of the code be outlined before the meeting. We also recorded further equity information such as the gender of those who asked questions. We are still analyzing this data but of the 160 questions asked 74% were asked by men, 17% were asked by women and 9% by asked by people of diverse gender. We should note that in all the above statistics we are using the presumed gender. We only know of one gender diverse person who attended and asked those questions. Our treatment of equity at the meeting also went beyond the talks and discussion. During the conference dinner for example we worked hard to provide entertainment that did not appropriate local culture and continue the safe inclusive environment. The result of this was to use a conference quiz (based on the “pub quiz” format common in the UK, Australia and New Zealand). Finally we note that the aim of future meetings should build upon the work of the IAUS329 organizing committees to make future meetings more inclusive and equitable. We summarize our list of recommendations for future meetings as follows: (a) Have an equity committee which at least is balanced in gender with representatives from all career stages. (b) Publicize consequences of breaking the code of conduct in advance and have a clear process for dealing with issues. (c) From the outset select and task the SOC from the onset with creating a speaker list that is diverse in terms of gender, race, nationality, and career stage.

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Number by assumed Fraction in % by assumed Group gender (F/M/D) gender (F/M/D)

SOC 7:7:1 47%:47%:6%

LOC 3:2:1 50%:33%:17%

EC 2:2:1 40%:40%:20%

Invited speakers 7:21:0 25%:75%:0%

Contributed speakers 16:27:0 37%:63$:0%

Splinter session speakers 2:6:0 25%:75%:0%

Student prizes 4:0:0 100%:0%:0%

Chairs 6:2:1 67%:22%:11%

Question askers 27:119:14 17%:74%:9%

Participants 55:122:1 30.9%:68.5%:0.6%

Submitted abstracts 81:168:1 32%:67%:0.4%

Country Number of Attendees

Argentina 1 Australia 4 Austria 3 Belgium 5 Brazil 3 Bulgaria 1 Canada 8 Chile 13 China 2 Czech Republic 4 Finland 1 France 5 Georgia 2 Germany 15 Ireland 1 Israel 1 Japan 11 Malaysia 1 Mexico 4 New Zealand 10 Russia 1 South Korea 2 Spain 13 Sweden 1 Switzerland 2 Taiwan (R.O.C.) 1 The Netherlands 3 UK 17 U.S.A. 43

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Scientific J. Anderson (Chile) M. Cantiello (USA) B. Davies (UK) S. Ekstr¨om (Switzerland) J.J. Eldridge (co-chair, New Zealand) M. Hanson (co-chair,USA) A. Herrero (co-chair, Spain) D.J. Hillier (USA) C. Neiner (France) M.-F. Nieva (Austria) L. Oskinova (Germany) A. Soderberg (USA) N. St-Louis (Canada) J.S. Vink (UK) S.-C. Yoon (Korea, Rep of)

Local A. Crawshaw J.C. Bray J.J. Eldridge (chair) L.A.S. McClelland N. Rodrigues L. Xiao

Equity

J.J. Eldridge M. Hanson J.L. Hoffman P. Massey L.A.S. McClelland L. Xiao

Acknowledgements

The symposium was sponsored and supported by IAU Divisions C (Education, outreach and Heritage), D (High Energy Phenomena andFundamental Physics), G (Stars and Stellar Physics), H (Interstellar Matter and Local Universe) and J (Galaxies and Cosmology), as well as Commissions C26 (Double and Multiple Stars), C29 (Stellar Spectra), C33 (Structure and Dynamics of the Galactic- System), C35 (Stellar Constitution), C36(Theory of Stellar Atmospheres) and C47(Cosmology).

The Local Organizing Committee operated under the auspices of the Department of Physics, University of Auckland. Funding by the International Astronomical Union, Department of Physics, University of Auckland, ARC Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), is gratefully acknowledged.

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CONFERENCE PHOTOGRAPH

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Michael Abdul-Masih, Institute Of Astrophysics, Ku Leuven, Belgium [email protected] Claudia Agliozzo, Departamento De Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Andres [email protected] Bello, Chile Robert Andrassy, Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, British [email protected] Columbia, Canada Jennifer Andrews, Astronomy, University Of Arizona, United States [email protected] Ignacio Araya, Instituto De F´ısica Y Astronom´ıa, Universidad De Valpara´ıso, [email protected] Valpara´ıso, Chile Catalina Arcos, Instituto De F´ısica Y Astronom´ıa, Universidad De Valpara´ıso, [email protected] Chile Kyle Augustson, CEA-Irfu Service D’astrophysique, France [email protected] Dietrich Baade, European Southern Observatory, Germany [email protected] Rodolfo Barba, Departamento De Fisica Y Astronomia, Universidad De La [email protected] Serena, Chile Christopher Bard, NASA, Maryland, United States [email protected] Emma Beasor, Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores [email protected] University, United Kingdom Chris Benton, Auckland Astronomical Society, New Zealand [email protected] Sopia Beradze, Abastumani Astrophisical Observatory, Illia State University, [email protected] Georgia Melina Cecilia Bersten, Astronomy, Ialp-fcaglp, Argentina, Argentina [email protected] Federica Bianco, New York University, New York, United States [email protected] John Bray, Physics, University Of Auckland, New Zealand [email protected] Fabio Bresolin, University Of Hawaii, Hawaii, United States [email protected] Aaron Brocklebank, Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University Of Central [email protected] Lancashire, United Kingdom Bram Buysschaert, LESIA - Paris Observatory, France [email protected] Saida Caballero-Nieves, Physics & Astronomy Department, University Of [email protected] Sheffield, United Kingdon In´es Camacho, IAC, Tenerife, Spain [email protected] Matteo Cantiello, Kavli Institute For Theoretical Physics, Uc Santa Barbara, [email protected] California, United States Alex Carciofi,IAG,UniversidadedeS˜ao Paulo, Sp, Brazil carciofi@usp.br Luiz Paulo Carneiro Gama,Universit¨at-Sternwarte M¨unchen / LMU, [email protected] Germany Heon-young Chang, Department of Atmospheric Sciences And Astronomy, [email protected] Kyungpook National University, South Korea Emmanouil Chatzopoulos, Physics & Astronomy, Lousiana State University, [email protected] Louisiana, United States Andre-nicolas Chene, Aura Inc. - Gemini Observatory, Hawaii, United States [email protected] Grant Christie, Auckland Observatory, New Zealand [email protected] Sang-Hyun Chun, Department Of Physics And Astronomy, Seoul National [email protected] University, Seoul, South Korea Wonseok Chun, Seoul National University, South Korea [email protected] Benoit Cote, University Of Victoria (Canada) / Michigan State University [email protected] (USA), Quebec, Canada Andrea Cristini, Faculty Of Natural Sciences, Astrophysics, Keele University, [email protected] Staffordshire, United Kingdom Paul Crowther, Dept Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S. Paul.crowther@sheffield.ac.uk Yorkshire, United Kingdom Michel Cure, Instituto de Fisica y Astronomia, Universidad de Valparaiso, [email protected] Chile, Chile Simon Daley-yates, Astrophysics & Space Research Group, University Of [email protected] Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom Augusto Damineli, Astronomy Dept, IAG, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil [email protected] Alexandre David-uraz, Department of Physics & Space Sciences, Florida adaviduraz@fit.edu Institute Of Technology, Florida, United States Ben Davies, Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores [email protected] University, United Kingdom Antonio De Ugarte Postigo, Iaa-csic, Granada, Spain [email protected] Trevor Dorn-Wallenstein, Astronomy Department, University Of Washington, [email protected] Washington, United States Maria Drout, Carnegie Observatories, California, United States [email protected] JJ Eldridge, Physics, University Of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand [email protected] Christiana Erba, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University Of Delaware, [email protected] Delaware, United States Thomas Ertl, Max Planck Institute For Astrophysics, Germany [email protected] Celia Rosa Fierro, Laboratory of Applied Mathematics & Computing of High celia.fi[email protected] Perfomance Abacus, Cinvestav, Mexico Corinne Fletcher, Florida Institute Of Technology, Florida, United States cfletcher2013@my.fit.edu Morgan Fraser, School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland [email protected] Kotaro Fujisawa, Advanced Research Institute For Science And Engineering, [email protected] Waseda University, Japan Jim Fuller, Astronomy, Caltech, California, United States [email protected] Gantcho Gantchev, Department of Astronomy, Physics Faculty, University of [email protected] Sofia, Bulgaria Kristen Garofali, University of Washington, Washington, United States [email protected] Cyril Georgy, Department of Astronomy, Genenva University, Switzerland [email protected] Douglas Gies, Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy, Georgia State [email protected] University, Georgia, United States Avishai Gilkis, Physics, Technion, Israel [email protected] Ylva Goetberg, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of [email protected] Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands V´ıctor G´omez-Gonz´alez, Astrophysics, Instituto Nacional De Astrof´ısica, [email protected] Optica´ Y Electr´onica, Puebla, Mexico Michael Gordon, Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, Minnesota, United [email protected] States Alex Gormaz-matamala, Instituto De F´ısica y Astronom´ıa, Universidad De [email protected] Valpara´ıso, Chile

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Eric Gosset, Institut D’astrophysique - STAR, Universit´eDeLi`ege, Belgium, [email protected] Belgium G¨otz Gr¨afener, University of Bonn, Germany [email protected] Jose Groh, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland [email protected] Sergei Gulyaev, Institute for Radio Astronomy & Space Research, New [email protected] Zealand Diah Y.A. Setia Gunawan, Universidad de Valpara´ıso, Valpara´ıso, Chile [email protected] Rainer Hainich, Institute of Physics & Astronomy, University of Potsdam, [email protected] Germany Kenji Hamaguchi, NASA/GSFC & UMBC, Maryland, United States [email protected] Wolf-Rainer Hamann, Institut F¨ur Physik Und Astronomie, Universit¨at [email protected] Potsdam, Germany Margaret Hanson, Department of Physics, University Of Cincinnati, Ohio, [email protected] United States Xavier Haubois, European Southern Observatory, Chile [email protected] Gerhard Hensler, Dept. of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Austria [email protected] Artemio Herrero, Instituto De Astrofisica De Canarias, Spain [email protected] Anthony Herv´e, Academy of Science of Czech Republic, Czech Republic [email protected] Erin Higgins, Armagh Observatory, United Kingdom [email protected] D. John Hillier, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University Of [email protected] Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States Jennifer L. Hoffman, Physics & Astronomy, University of Denver, Colorado, jennifer.hoff[email protected] United States Gonzalo Holgado Alijo, Instituto De Astrofisica De Canarias, Instituto De [email protected] Astrofisica De Canarias, Spain Leah Huk, Physics & Astronomy, University Of Denver, Tennessee, United [email protected] States Delphine Hypolite,CEA,France [email protected] Natalia Ivanova, Physics, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada [email protected] Hans-Thomas Janka, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Germany [email protected] Yan-Fei Jiang, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University Of [email protected] California, Santa Barbara, Ca - California, United States Stephen Justham, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & NAOC, [email protected] China Lex Kaper, Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, University of [email protected] Amsterdam, Netherlands Chinami Kato, Waseda University, Japan [email protected] Dylan Kee, Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of T¨ubingen, [email protected] Germany Zsolt Keszthelyi, Royal Military College Of Canada, Ontario, Canada [email protected] Megan Kiminki, Dept. of Astronomy / Steward Observatory, University of [email protected] Arizona, Arizona, United States Robert Klement, Astronomical Insitute, Charles University, Czech Republic [email protected] Nino Kochiashvili, Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory, Ilia State [email protected] University, Georgia Erik Kool, Physics And Astronomy, Macquarie University / AAO, NSW, [email protected] Australia Peter Kretschmar, European Space Agency, Madrid, Spain [email protected] Jiri Krticka, Masaryk University, Czech Republic [email protected] Jonathan Labadie-bartz, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania, United States [email protected] Ryan Lau, Caltech/JPL, California, United States [email protected] Claus Leitherer, Space Telescope Science Institute, Maryland, United States [email protected] Maurice Leutenegger, X-ray Astrophysics, NASA/GSFC/CRESST/UMBC, [email protected] Maryland, United States Emily Levesque, University of Washington, Washington, United States [email protected] Jamie Lomax, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, [email protected] Washington, United States Thomas Madura, Department of Physics & Astronomy, San Jose State [email protected] University, California, United States Jes´us Ma´ız Apell´aniz, Centro de Astrobiolog´ıa, CSIC-INTA, Madrid, Spain [email protected] Grigoris Maravelias, Astronomical Institute, Czech Academy Of Sciences, [email protected] Greece Anthony Marston, ESA, STScI, Maryland, United States [email protected] Philip Massey, Lowell Observatory, Arizona, United States [email protected] Seppo Mattila, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Turku, sepmat@utu.fi Finland Liam McClelland, Department of Physics, University Of Auckland, New [email protected] Zealand Andrea Mehner, ESO Chile, Chile [email protected] Tobias Melson, Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics, Germany [email protected] Athira Menon, Monash University, VIC, Australia [email protected] Maria Messineo, Dep. Astronomy, Univ. Science and Technology Of China, [email protected] China, China Georges Meynet, Astronomy, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland [email protected] Takashi Moriya, Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical [email protected] Observatory of Japan, Japan Bernhard Mueller, Astrophysics Research Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, [email protected] United Kingdom Melissa Munoz, Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada [email protected] Jeremiah Murphy, Florida State University, Florida, United States [email protected] Francisco Najarro, Cab Csic-inta, Spain [email protected] Ko Nakamura, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Japan [email protected] Makoto Narita, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Japan [email protected] Tim Natusch, Institute for Radio Astronomy & Space Research, Aut [email protected] University, New Zealand Yael Naze, University of Liege, Belgium [email protected] Ignacio Negueruela, Universidad De Alicante, Alicante, Spain [email protected] Kathryn Neugent,LowellObservatory,Arizona,UnitedStates [email protected] Maria-Fernanda Nieva, Institute for Astro- & Particle Physics, University Of [email protected] Innsbruck, Austria Kenichi Nomoto, Kavli Institute for the Physics & Mathematics of the nomoto@astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp Universe (Kavli IPMU), The University of Tokyo, Japan

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Takaya Nozawa, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan [email protected] Keiichi Ohnaka, Universidad Catolica Del Norte, Instituto de Astronomia, [email protected] Chile Atsuo Okazaki, Hokkai-Gakuen University, Japan [email protected] Mary Oksala, California Lutheran University, California, United States [email protected] Lidia Oskinova, Institute for Physics & Astronomy, University Of Potsdam, [email protected] Germany Stanley Owocki, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University Of Delaware, [email protected] Delaware, United States Herbert Pablo, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada [email protected] Manfred Pakull, Strasbourg University, Observatoire Astronomique de [email protected] Strasbourg, France Veronique Petit, Department of Physics & Space Sciences, Florida Institute Of vpetit@fit.edu Technology, Florida, United States Philipp Podsiadlowski, Physics, University Of Oxford, UK, United Kingdom [email protected] Konstantin Postnov, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Russian Federation [email protected] Vincent Prat, DRF/IRFU/SAp, CEA, France [email protected] Joachim Puls, University Observatory, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet [email protected] Munich, Germany Alan Rainot, Institute of Astrophysics, Ku Leuven, Belgium [email protected] Sebasti´an Ram´ırez Alegr´ıa, Universidad de Valpara´ıso / MAS, Chile [email protected] Oscar Hernan Ramirez-Agudelo, UK Astronomy Technology Centre, STFC, [email protected] United Kingdom Mar´ıa C. Ram´ırez-Tannus, Anton Pannekoek Institute, North Holland, [email protected] Netherlands Thomas Rivinius, European Southern Observatory Chile, Chile [email protected] Nicole Rodrigues, Department of Physics, University Of Auckland, New [email protected] Zealand, New Zealand Sara Rodriguez Berlanas, Instituto de Astrofisica De Canarias, Tenerife, [email protected] Spain Eliceth Yaneire Rojas Montes, Armagh Observatory, Armagh, United [email protected] Kingdom Margarita Rosado, Instituto de Astronomia, UNAM, [email protected] Marcelo Rubinho, IAG / Departamento de Astronomia, Universidade de S˜ao [email protected] Paulo, S˜ao Paulo, Brazil Maria Del Mar Rubio Diez, Centro De Astrobiolog´ıa (csic-inta), Spain [email protected] Christopher Russell, X-ray Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space [email protected] Flight Center, Maryland, United States Stuart Ryder, International Telescopes Support Office, Australian [email protected] Astronomical Observatory, NSW, Australia Carolina Sabin-Sanjulian, Universidad De La Serena, Chile [email protected] Hugues Sana, Institute of Astrophysics, KU Leuven, Belgium [email protected] Andreas Sander, Institute for Physics & Astronomy, University Of Potsdam, [email protected] Germany Norbert S. Schulz, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics & Space Research, [email protected] Massachusetts Institute Of Technology, Massachusetts, United States Peter Scicluna, Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, [email protected] Taiwan Tomer Shenar, Astrophysik I, University of Potsdam, Germany [email protected] Isaac Shivvers, Astronomy Department, University Of California, Berkeley, [email protected] California, United States Susan Shoebridge, Auckland Astronomical Society, New Zealand [email protected] Matthew Shultz,Astronomy,UppsalaUniversity,Ontario,Canada [email protected] Sergio Simon-diaz, Instituto De Astrofisica De Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, [email protected] Spain Linda Smith, Space Telescope Science Institute, European Space Agency, [email protected] Maryland, United States Nathan Smith, Astronomy, University of Arizona, Arizona, United States [email protected] Elizabeth Stanway, Department of Physics, Universirty Of Warwick, United [email protected] Kingdom Heloise Stevance, Physics & Astronomy, University Of Sheffield, United fstevance1@sheffield.ac.uk Kingdom Ian Stevens, School of Physics & Astronomy, University Of Birmingham, [email protected] United Kingdom Nicole St-louis,D´epartement de Physique, Universit´eDeMontr´eal, Canada [email protected] Yasuharu Sugawara, ISAS/JAXA, Kanagawa, Japan [email protected] Alexander Summa, Max Planck Institute For Astrophysics, Bavaria, Germany [email protected] Katie Tehrani, Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, k.tehrani@sheffield.ac.uk United Kingdom Christina Th¨one, HETH, IAA-CSIC, Spain [email protected] Alexey Tolstov, Kavli IPMU, The University of Tokyo, Japan [email protected] Frank Tram per, European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, [email protected] Madrid, Spain Asif ud-Doula, Penn State Worthington Scranton, Pennsylvania, United States [email protected] Miguel A. Urbaneja, Institute for Astro & Particle Physics, University Of [email protected] Innsbruck, Austria Jorick Vink, Armagh Obsevatory & Planetarium, Armagh Obsevatory And [email protected] Planetarium, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom Gregg Wade, Department of Physics, Royal Military College Of Canada, [email protected] Ontario, Canada Michael Wegner, University Observatory Munich, Germany [email protected] Lin Xiao, University of Auckland, New Zealand [email protected] Yu Yamamoto, Applied Physics, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan [email protected] Sung Chul Yoon, Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, South Korea [email protected] Norhasliza Yusof, Department of Physics, Faculty Of Science, University Of [email protected] Malaya, Malaysia Janos Zsargo, Department of Physics & Mathematics, ESFM-IPN, Mexico [email protected] City, Mexico

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