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The May-Flower and Her Log : July 15, 1620-May 6, 1621, Chiefly From

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The May-Flower and Her Log : July 15, 1620-May 6, 1621, Chiefly From THE MAY-FLOWER fef HER LOG Presented to the UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY by the ONTARIO LEGISLATIVE LIBRARY 1980 THE MAY-FLOWER HER LOG C/3 O x i u: I h TH OWKR * III THE . H MAY-FLOWER (JL AND S>er July 15, \62o-May 6, 1621 Chiefly from Original Sources By AZEL AMES, M.D. Member of Pilgrim Society, etc. " led out of Next to the fugitives whom Moses Egypt, the little shipload of outcasts who landed at Plymouth are destined to influence the future of the world." JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL BOSTON and NEW YORK HOUGHTON, MlFFLIN AND COMPANY i 907 SECOND EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED , Copyright, 9OT, by Jzet Jmes . AU righfs To My Soundest Critic, My most Patient Reader, My Best Incentive, My most Loyal Friend, MY WIFE, Descendedfrom many MAY-FLOWER Pilgrims and worthy of her Lineage, inscribed. This volume is affectionately TABLE 0/~ CONTENTS Introductory Page xiii Chapter t The Name MAY-FLOWER 3 Chapter it The MAY-FLOWER'S Consort The SPEEDWELL The Name Its First Announcement 5 The Purchase and Refitting 6 The Adventurers and Planters No Community of Goods, etc. 7 The Agents of the Undertaking 9 The SPEEDWELL bought by the Leyden Leaders Their Sagacity . 10 Her Type and Description . .12 A Singular Indictment Arber*s Amazing Discovery . 13 The Cause of the SPEEDWELL'S Unseaworthiness . .14 " " Reynolds Pilott and Master Placed in Command . .16 Reynolds vs. Coppin 18 The Embarkation 19 List of the Leyden Pilgrims New Light on Elder Brewster . 20 From Leyden to Delfshaven 35 Representation of the Leyden Congregation . 36 The SPEEDWELL'S Flag ......... 37 The SPEEDWELL'S Log 38 Chapter iti The MAY-FLOWER'S Charter Chartering a Ship -44 ' V -, viii TABLE of CONTENTS Purchasing vs. Hiring 45 6 The Pilgrims' Anxiety for a Ship 4 Master Cushman's Good Work A Ship and Pilot found . 47 June 1620 . 48 A Pilgrim Red-Letter Day, Saturday, 10/20, Cushman's Sunday Letter, June 11/21, 1620 . 49 The MAY-FLOWER and Master Jones secured 52 The Signers of the Charter-Party . 54 The Merchant Adventurers ... 5*> The Owner of the MAY-FLOWER .... 69 Terms of the Charter-Party ... -74 Chapter (to The MAY-FLOWER - - The Ship Herself No Authentic Pictures or Description 77 Her Class, Type, Model, and Rig 80 Her Accommodations . .86 Her Magazine and Lockers .88 Her Galley and Fires 89 Her Ordnance .......... 89 Her Boats and Tackling 90 Her Compasses and Anchors 92 The MAY-FLOWER'S . Flag . 93 Her History .......... 94 Chapter to The Officers and Crew of the MAY-FLOWER Finding the Master and Mate 99 Master Thomas Jones and his History 100 -- Master Jones's Duplicity No Dutch Intrigue The Real Con- ' spirators . 103 the 1 Stealing Pilgrim Colony Weston's Treachery . 1 1 John Pierce's Attempt to steal the Colony 124 The Mates John Clarke, Robert Coppin 129 A (possible) Ship's-Surgeon Giles Heale 133 TABLE of CONTENTS ix Williamson . The "Ship's-Merchant" Master .134 The Petty Officers and Seamen . .140 the . The Newly-Discovered Names of Two of Crew . .142 Chapter \n The MAY-FLOWER'S Passengers . The Passenger List from London to Southampton . 144 Social Con- The Passenger List from Plymouth (England) Ages, 166 ditions, and Occupations Personal Notes and Summaries Governors . .172 Chapter toil Quarters, Food, and Cooking The Assignment of Quarters . 196 Cabins, Bunks, etc '97 Cooking and Food ... ' 9& Chapter \mt The MAY-FLOWER'S Lading A Mixed Cargo 203 . The Live-Stock . 204 The Shallop and the Colonists' Luggage . 205 The Provision Supply 2I The Clothing Supply . etc. Furniture (its Relics), Books, .213 Implements of Husbandry, Mechanics' Tools, etc. 225 . 226 Implements of Fishing and Hunting Arms and Accoutrements Ordnance and Ammunition . 229 Trading Goods, etc 229 x TABLE of CONTENTS Chapter tj: The Log of the MAY-FLOWER The Journal of the with Notes . Ship's Voyage, . .331 Appendix 3IJ Bibliography 355 Index 369 List of MAPS and ILLUSTRATIONS IT The MAY-FLOWER at Sea Frontispiece Engraved by Linton from a drawing by Granville Perkins Route the of Pilgrims from Leyden to Delfshaven Page 3 6 The Channel Courses of the MAY-FLOWER ^</SPEEDWELL 36 A Ship of the MAY-FLOWER Period 78 The only contemporaneous picture known of a ship of the MAY-FLOWER class Mode! of a Ship of the MAY-FLOWER Period, Class, and Approximate Size 82 Worked IT. Collins the Smithsonian up by Captain J. (for Institution) from plates and plans of Admiral Paris Edward Winslow 174 a in From photograph of the original portrait (artist's name unknown), now the gallery of the Pilgrim Society at Plymouth. It was painted while Wins- low was in England in 1651, and is the only well-authenticated portrait of any of the MAY-FLOWER Pilgrims Cape Cod Harbour 258 Routes of the Three Explorations made while in Cape Cod Harbour 272 Plymouth Harbour 274 From Champlain's sketch, 1605 Plymouth Harbour 274 From a sketch by Charles Blaskowity., 1774. Plymouth Harbour of To-Day 278 : F Xlll INTRODUCTORY O civilized humanity, world-wide, and especially to the descendants of the Pilgrims who, in 1620, laid on New England shores the foundations of that civil and religious freedom upon which has been built a refuge for the oppressed of " " every land, the story of the Pilgrim Exodus has an ever-increasing value and zest. The little we know of the inception, development, and vicissitudes of their bold scheme of colonization in the American wilderness only serves to sharpen the appetite for more. Every detail and circumstance which relates to their which carried to the preparations; to the ships them; Adventurers associated personnel of the Merchant colonists themselves with them, and to that of the ; final embarkation on to what befell them ; to their MAY-FLOWER their lone ship, the immortal ; and to the voyage itself and to its issues, is vested and over them all to-day with a supreme interest, own. rests a glamour peculiarly their that can be For every grain of added knowledge sires from gleaned concerning the Pilgrim any field, can add their children are ever grateful, and whoever XIV Introductory a well-attested line to their all-too-meagre annals is regarded by them; indeed by all, a benefactor. Of those all-important factors in the chronicles of " the Exodus," the Pilgrim ships, of which the MAY-FLOWER alone crossed the seas, and of the voyage itself, there is still but far too little known. Of even this little, the larger part has not hitherto been readily accessible, or in form available for ready reference to the many who eagerly seize upon every crumb of new-found data concerning these pious and intrepid Argonauts. To such there can be no need to recite here the principal and familiar facts of the organization of " " the English Separatist congregation under John Robinson of its to Holland under ; emigration perse- cution of the of its residence and Bishops ; unique at of the broad outlook of its history Leyden ; mem- bers upon the future, and their resultant determina- tion to cross the sea to secure life and larger liberty ; and of their initial labors to that end. We find these Leyden Pilgrims in the early sum- mer of 1620, their plans fairly matured and their agreements between themselves and with their mer- chant associates practically concluded, urging forward their for of the preparations departure ; impatient delays and disappointments which befell, and anx- iously seeking shipping for their long and hazardous voyage. It is to what concerns their ships, and especially that one " which has passed into history as the Pil- xv Introductory grim bark," the MAY-FLOWER, and to her preg- nant voyage, that the succeeding chapters chiefly relate. In them the effort has been made to bring together in sequential relation, from many and widely scattered sources, everything germane that diligent and faith- ful research could discover, or the careful study and re-analysis of known data determine. No new and relevant item of fact discovered, however trivial in itself, has failed of mention, if it might serve to correct, to better interpret, or to amplify the scanty though priceless records left us, of conditions, circum- stances, and events which have meant so much to the world. As properly antecedent to the story of the voyage of the MAY-FLOWER (as told by her putative "Log," albeit written up long after her bones lay bleaching account on some unknown shore), some pertinent " has been given of the ship herself and of her con- difficulties attendant sort," the SPEEDWELL ; of the on them of the for the securing ; preparations voy- of the Merchant Adventurers who had age ; large in to sea of their officers and share sending them ; crews of their and ; of the troubles ; passengers lading " that assailed before they had shaken off the land," and of the final consolidation of the passengers and for the lading of both ships upon the MAY-FLOWER, belated ocean passage. The wholly negative results of careful search ren- or der it altogether probable that the original journal XVI Introductory " " misnomer Log of the MAY-FLOWER (a lately British and con- applied by the press, unhappily tinued in that of the United States, to the recovered Bradford's " of Pli- original manuscript of History if such ever is moth Plantation "), journal existed, now hopelessly lost. So far as known, no previous effort has been made to bring together in the consecutive relation of such a journal, duly attested and in their entirety, the ascertained daily happenings of that destiny-freighted voyage.
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